The authors regret that an error in Fig.3E in this article was found while we reviewing the published data.An inadvertent mistake occurred in the process of assembling images.The picture of the Ms215μg/mL group was w...The authors regret that an error in Fig.3E in this article was found while we reviewing the published data.An inadvertent mistake occurred in the process of assembling images.The picture of the Ms215μg/mL group was wrongly placed.展开更多
Present drilling fluids for deep water wells have severe degenerative effect on the environment with high operational and disposal costs.Thus,making them less desirable in recent times.Ester synthetic drilling fluid p...Present drilling fluids for deep water wells have severe degenerative effect on the environment with high operational and disposal costs.Thus,making them less desirable in recent times.Ester synthetic drilling fluid provides a novel environmentally friendly alternative but conventional ester-based drilling fluids exhibit high viscosities in deep-water wells causing excessive equivalent circulating density(ECD)and increased risk of lost circulation owing to narrow mud density window.This study experimentally investigates the critical fluid properties and aerobic biodegradability potentials of two newly developed deep-water synthetic ester drilling fluids namely:iso-propyl caprylate(COIPE)and iso-propyl linolenate(LOIPE)synthetic fluids and their comparison with synthetic-paraffin(SP-SBF)and isomerized-olefin(IOSBF)synthetic hydrocarbon fluids.The esters of iso-propyl caprylate and iso-propyl linolenate were produced from the isolation of ester mixtures that were obtained from the homogeneous catalytic transesterification of coconut and linseed plant oil biomass respectively.The COIPE was isolated from the coconut oil iso-propyl ester mixture by low-pressure fractional distillation technique.While fractional distillation and crystallization were used to isolate the LOIPE ester from the linseed oil iso-propyl ester mixture.Meanwhile,the aerobic biodegradation investigation was conducted by a modified oxygen consumption respirometry technique.The GC-MS analysis of the COIPE and LOIPE showed that the former contains essentially of lower saturated carbon compounds(C8).Whereas the latter contains higher molecular weight and unsaturated carbon compounds(C18+).The COIPE and LOIPE kinematic viscosity values are in good agreement with that of the reference synthetic hydrocarbon fluid samples(SP-SBF and IO-SBF).Although,the COIPE synthetic ester has lower viscosity value owing to the presence of shorter chain and saturated carbon atoms(C8 esters).Similarly,the linolenic oil iso-propyl ester has excellent cold flow characteristics for deep-water well drilling owing to lower values of cloud and pour points as a result of higher concentration of poly-unsaturated linolenic esters.The iso-propyl caprylate and the iso-propyl linolenate ester synthetic fluids are readily biodegradable in the sea water inoculum under aerobic condition.However,the iso-propyl caprylate is inherently biodegradable because its degradation level and that of the reference chemical sample were already above 60%during the 10-day window period.The SP-SBF and the IO-SBF synthetic fluids have lower aerobic biodegradation values because they contain little quantity of poly aromatic hydrocarbons as evident in their GC-MS profiles.Finally,esters and unsaturated synthetic-based fluid are more rapidly biodegradable than paraffinic synthetic fluids and the rate of biodegradation of organic compounds decreases as molecular weight increases.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of caprylic acid(C8:0)on lipid metabolism and inflammation,and examine the mechanisms underlying these effects in mice and cells.Methods Fifty-six 6-week-old male ...Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of caprylic acid(C8:0)on lipid metabolism and inflammation,and examine the mechanisms underlying these effects in mice and cells.Methods Fifty-six 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to four groups fed a highfat diet(HFD)without or with 2%C8:0,palmitic acid(C16:0)or eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA).RAW246.7 cells were randomly divided into five groups:normal,lipopolysaccharide(LPS),LPS+C8:0,LPS+EPA and LPS+cAMP.The serum lipid profiles,inflammatory biomolecules,and ABCA1 and JAK2/STAT3 mRNA and protein expression were measured.Results C8:0 decreased TC and LDL-C,and increased the HDL-C/LDL-C ratio after injection of LPS.Without LPS,it decreased TC in mice(P<0.05).Moreover,C8:0 decreased the inflammatory response after LPS treatment in both mice and cells(P<0.05).Mechanistic investigations in C57BL/6J mouse aortas after injection of LPS indicated that C8:0 resulted in higher ABCA1 and JAK2/STAT3 expression than that with HFD,C16:0 and EPA,and resulted in lower TNF-α,NF-κB mRNA expression than that with HFD(P<0.05).In RAW 264.7 cells,C8:0 resulted in lower expression of pNF-κBP65 than that in the LPS group,and higher protein expression of ABCA1,p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 than that in the LPS and LPS+cAMP groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Our studies demonstrated that C8:0 may play an important role in lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response,and the mechanism may be associated with ABCA1 and the p-JAK2/p-STAT3 signaling pathway.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ionization of drug on drug solubilization in SMEDDS(self-microemulsifying drug delivery system) prepared using Capmul MCM and caprylic acid. Solubilization ca...The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ionization of drug on drug solubilization in SMEDDS(self-microemulsifying drug delivery system) prepared using Capmul MCM and caprylic acid. Solubilization capacity of blank SMEDDS dispersions for danazol,indomethacin and haloperidol as model drugs was determined. Based on the outcomes of solubilization capacity study, drug-loaded SMEDDS formulations were prepared and subjected to dispersion/precipitation study and droplet size analysis. Blank SMEDDS dispersions exhibited the highest solubilization capacity for haloperidol followed by indomethacin and danazol. Furthermore, the solubilization of the three drugs in blank SMEDDS dispersions was explained by a modified mathematical model. Dispersion/precipitation studies indicate that drug-loaded SMEDDS formulations exhibited superiority in solubilizing the drugs in comparison to their respective drug powder. In addition, indomethacin and haloperidol were found to reduce the droplet size of the microemulsions while danazol did not affect droplet size formation for drug-loaded SMEDDS formulations. These findings suggest that ionization of drug affects drug solubilization, droplet size formation, drug loading and drug dispersion/precipitation profiles for the SMEDDS formulations.展开更多
Photoluminescent semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots(QDs)are usually produced using expensive ligands and solvents at high temperature above 280◦C to ensure high-quality optical properties,particularly the phot...Photoluminescent semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots(QDs)are usually produced using expensive ligands and solvents at high temperature above 280◦C to ensure high-quality optical properties,particularly the photoluminescence of QDs.The reproducibility of highly stable photoluminescence in QD preparation,in most cases,varies depending on many effects,such as the ligand used and temperature.Here a facile preparation of photoluminescent semiconductor CdTe nanocrystals or quantum dots(QDs)is conducted in the presence of caprylic acid at moderate temperatures between 80–140◦C,which are much lower than the high temperatures used in conventional organic-phase preparation of CdTe QDs.The results show that the optical properties of CdTe QDs depend considerably on the reaction time,temperature and ligand used.展开更多
文摘The authors regret that an error in Fig.3E in this article was found while we reviewing the published data.An inadvertent mistake occurred in the process of assembling images.The picture of the Ms215μg/mL group was wrongly placed.
文摘Present drilling fluids for deep water wells have severe degenerative effect on the environment with high operational and disposal costs.Thus,making them less desirable in recent times.Ester synthetic drilling fluid provides a novel environmentally friendly alternative but conventional ester-based drilling fluids exhibit high viscosities in deep-water wells causing excessive equivalent circulating density(ECD)and increased risk of lost circulation owing to narrow mud density window.This study experimentally investigates the critical fluid properties and aerobic biodegradability potentials of two newly developed deep-water synthetic ester drilling fluids namely:iso-propyl caprylate(COIPE)and iso-propyl linolenate(LOIPE)synthetic fluids and their comparison with synthetic-paraffin(SP-SBF)and isomerized-olefin(IOSBF)synthetic hydrocarbon fluids.The esters of iso-propyl caprylate and iso-propyl linolenate were produced from the isolation of ester mixtures that were obtained from the homogeneous catalytic transesterification of coconut and linseed plant oil biomass respectively.The COIPE was isolated from the coconut oil iso-propyl ester mixture by low-pressure fractional distillation technique.While fractional distillation and crystallization were used to isolate the LOIPE ester from the linseed oil iso-propyl ester mixture.Meanwhile,the aerobic biodegradation investigation was conducted by a modified oxygen consumption respirometry technique.The GC-MS analysis of the COIPE and LOIPE showed that the former contains essentially of lower saturated carbon compounds(C8).Whereas the latter contains higher molecular weight and unsaturated carbon compounds(C18+).The COIPE and LOIPE kinematic viscosity values are in good agreement with that of the reference synthetic hydrocarbon fluid samples(SP-SBF and IO-SBF).Although,the COIPE synthetic ester has lower viscosity value owing to the presence of shorter chain and saturated carbon atoms(C8 esters).Similarly,the linolenic oil iso-propyl ester has excellent cold flow characteristics for deep-water well drilling owing to lower values of cloud and pour points as a result of higher concentration of poly-unsaturated linolenic esters.The iso-propyl caprylate and the iso-propyl linolenate ester synthetic fluids are readily biodegradable in the sea water inoculum under aerobic condition.However,the iso-propyl caprylate is inherently biodegradable because its degradation level and that of the reference chemical sample were already above 60%during the 10-day window period.The SP-SBF and the IO-SBF synthetic fluids have lower aerobic biodegradation values because they contain little quantity of poly aromatic hydrocarbons as evident in their GC-MS profiles.Finally,esters and unsaturated synthetic-based fluid are more rapidly biodegradable than paraffinic synthetic fluids and the rate of biodegradation of organic compounds decreases as molecular weight increases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China[no.81703204].
文摘Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of caprylic acid(C8:0)on lipid metabolism and inflammation,and examine the mechanisms underlying these effects in mice and cells.Methods Fifty-six 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to four groups fed a highfat diet(HFD)without or with 2%C8:0,palmitic acid(C16:0)or eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA).RAW246.7 cells were randomly divided into five groups:normal,lipopolysaccharide(LPS),LPS+C8:0,LPS+EPA and LPS+cAMP.The serum lipid profiles,inflammatory biomolecules,and ABCA1 and JAK2/STAT3 mRNA and protein expression were measured.Results C8:0 decreased TC and LDL-C,and increased the HDL-C/LDL-C ratio after injection of LPS.Without LPS,it decreased TC in mice(P<0.05).Moreover,C8:0 decreased the inflammatory response after LPS treatment in both mice and cells(P<0.05).Mechanistic investigations in C57BL/6J mouse aortas after injection of LPS indicated that C8:0 resulted in higher ABCA1 and JAK2/STAT3 expression than that with HFD,C16:0 and EPA,and resulted in lower TNF-α,NF-κB mRNA expression than that with HFD(P<0.05).In RAW 264.7 cells,C8:0 resulted in lower expression of pNF-κBP65 than that in the LPS group,and higher protein expression of ABCA1,p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 than that in the LPS and LPS+cAMP groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Our studies demonstrated that C8:0 may play an important role in lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response,and the mechanism may be associated with ABCA1 and the p-JAK2/p-STAT3 signaling pathway.
基金St. John’s University for providing financial assistance
文摘The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ionization of drug on drug solubilization in SMEDDS(self-microemulsifying drug delivery system) prepared using Capmul MCM and caprylic acid. Solubilization capacity of blank SMEDDS dispersions for danazol,indomethacin and haloperidol as model drugs was determined. Based on the outcomes of solubilization capacity study, drug-loaded SMEDDS formulations were prepared and subjected to dispersion/precipitation study and droplet size analysis. Blank SMEDDS dispersions exhibited the highest solubilization capacity for haloperidol followed by indomethacin and danazol. Furthermore, the solubilization of the three drugs in blank SMEDDS dispersions was explained by a modified mathematical model. Dispersion/precipitation studies indicate that drug-loaded SMEDDS formulations exhibited superiority in solubilizing the drugs in comparison to their respective drug powder. In addition, indomethacin and haloperidol were found to reduce the droplet size of the microemulsions while danazol did not affect droplet size formation for drug-loaded SMEDDS formulations. These findings suggest that ionization of drug affects drug solubilization, droplet size formation, drug loading and drug dispersion/precipitation profiles for the SMEDDS formulations.
基金supported by the initiating grant of HUST,the NSFC(20874025)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,(HUST-2010MS101).
文摘Photoluminescent semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots(QDs)are usually produced using expensive ligands and solvents at high temperature above 280◦C to ensure high-quality optical properties,particularly the photoluminescence of QDs.The reproducibility of highly stable photoluminescence in QD preparation,in most cases,varies depending on many effects,such as the ligand used and temperature.Here a facile preparation of photoluminescent semiconductor CdTe nanocrystals or quantum dots(QDs)is conducted in the presence of caprylic acid at moderate temperatures between 80–140◦C,which are much lower than the high temperatures used in conventional organic-phase preparation of CdTe QDs.The results show that the optical properties of CdTe QDs depend considerably on the reaction time,temperature and ligand used.
