Infrared-transparent conductors have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in electromagnetic shielding,infrared sensors,and photovoltaic devices.However,most known materials face the cr...Infrared-transparent conductors have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in electromagnetic shielding,infrared sensors,and photovoltaic devices.However,most known materials face the critical challenge of balancing high infrared transmittance with high electrical conductivity across the broad infrared spectral band(2.5-25μm).While ultra-thin indium tin oxide(ITO)films have been demonstrated to exhibit superior infrared transmittance,their inherent low electrical conductivity necessitates additional enhancement strategies.This study systematically investigates the effects of oxygen vacancy concentration regulation and ultra-thin copper capping layer integration on the infrared optoelectronic properties of 20 nm-thick ITO films.A fundamental trade-off is revealed in ITO films that increased oxygen vacancy content enhances the electrical conductivity while compromising the infrared transmittance.Meanwhile,following the introduction of a Cu capping layer,the Cu/ITO system exhibits opposing dependencies of infrared transmittance and electrical conductivity on the capping layer thickness,with an optimum thickness of~3 nm.Finally,by constructing a Cu(3 nm)/ITO(20 nm)heterostructure with varying oxygen vacancy content,we demonstrate the combined effect of the ultra-thin Cu capping layer and moderate oxygen vacancy content on optimizing the carrier transport network.This configuration simultaneously minimizes surface/interfacial reflection and absorption losses,achieving high infrared transmittance(0.861)and a low sheet resistance of 400 W/sq.Our findings highlight the critical role of the combined effect of metal/oxide heterostructure design and defect engineering in optimizing infrared-transparent conductive properties.展开更多
Three active barrier materials （zeolite, ceramicite and light porous media） were applied for preventing nitrogen （N） release from eutrophic lake sediments. Long term experiment of two different lake sediments were...Three active barrier materials （zeolite, ceramicite and light porous media） were applied for preventing nitrogen （N） release from eutrophic lake sediments. Long term experiment of two different lake sediments were carded out and the effect of zeolite dose was evaluated. The results indicated that about 90%-100% of total N in overlying water was eliminated by using zeolite. While the N removal efficiency by ceramic was lower than that by zeolite, and light porous media present the lowest efficiency of 59%. Long term sediment incubation experiments indicated that two eutrophic sediments were both effective in preventing N release in spite of different release characteristics. Bio-zeolite capping technology was able to effectively inhibit the release of N from the sediment, and the zeolite dose was independently from N removal.展开更多
The effect of reducing agents and surfactants on controlling the silver nanoplates was studied. Two reducing agents, trisodium citrate dehydrate (TSC) and potassium tartrate, were used to reduce the AgNO3 solution. In...The effect of reducing agents and surfactants on controlling the silver nanoplates was studied. Two reducing agents, trisodium citrate dehydrate (TSC) and potassium tartrate, were used to reduce the AgNO3 solution. In this redox system, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and arabic gum were served as surfactants. The results showed that reducing agents and surfactants both act as the capping agent adhering to the certain facets of silver seeds to block this surface to grow. The relative intensity of reducing agents also takes an active part in influencing the growth rate and direction of silver seeds. It was also found that halides can accelerate the speed of Ostwald ripening by adding Cl?, Br? and I?into the aqueous and have some effects on the morphology of the nanoplates.展开更多
Ming-style furniture represents the pinnacle of Chinese traditional furniture,with the four-head official’s cap chair standing out as a representative category due to its classic form and cultural connotations.This p...Ming-style furniture represents the pinnacle of Chinese traditional furniture,with the four-head official’s cap chair standing out as a representative category due to its classic form and cultural connotations.This paper takes a specific rosewood four-head official’s cap chair inscribed by Wang Shixiang as the research subject,employing a tripartite approach of form analysis,material examination,and inscription interpretation.The chair strictly adheres to the classic form of Ming-style four-head official’s cap chairs,embodying the Ming Dynasty design philosophy of“the unity of function and aesthetics”.The scarcity and unique grain pattern of the golden-flecked rosewood(Zitan)endow it with the status of“gold among woods”.Wang Shixiang’s inscription binds the furniture to the cultural essence of“the charm of the Ming Dynasty”,transforming it into“heritable cultural heritage”.This paper provides a new perspective for the case study of Ming-style furniture and offers theoretical reference for the contemporary inheritance of traditional craftsmanship.展开更多
The 5′-cap structures of eukaryotic m RNAs are important for RNA stability, pre-m RNA splicing,m RNA export, and protein translation. Many viruses have evolved mechanisms for generating their own cap structures with ...The 5′-cap structures of eukaryotic m RNAs are important for RNA stability, pre-m RNA splicing,m RNA export, and protein translation. Many viruses have evolved mechanisms for generating their own cap structures with methylation at the N7 position of the capped guanine and the ribose 2′-Oposition of the first nucleotide, which help viral RNAs escape recognition by the host innate immune system. The RNA genomes of coronavirus were identified to have 5′-caps in the early1980 s. However, for decades the RNA capping mechanisms of coronaviruses remained unknown.Since 2003, the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus has drawn increased attention and stimulated numerous studies on the molecular virology of coronaviruses. Here, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms adopted by coronaviruses to produce the 5′-cap structure and methylation modification of viral genomic RNAs.展开更多
Bioreactive thin-layer capping（BTC）with biozeolite provides a potential remediation design that can sustainably treat N contamination from sediment and overlying water in eutrophic water bodies.Nitrogen（N）reductio...Bioreactive thin-layer capping（BTC）with biozeolite provides a potential remediation design that can sustainably treat N contamination from sediment and overlying water in eutrophic water bodies.Nitrogen（N）reduction using BTC with biozeolite was examined in a field incubation experiment in a eutrophic river in Yangzhou,Jiangsu Province,China.The biozeolite was zeolite with attached bacteria,including two isolated heterotrophic nitrifiers（Bacillus spp.）and two isolated aerobic denitrifiers（Acinetobacter spp.）.The results showed that the total nitrogen（TN）reduction efficiency of the overlying water by BTC with biozeolite（with thickness of about 2 mm）reached a maximum（56.69%）at day 34,and simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification occurred in the BTC system until day 34.There was a significant difference in the TN concentrations of the overlying water between biozeolite capping and control（t-test;p〈0.05）.The biozeolite had very strong in situ bioregeneration ability.Carbon was the main source of nitrifier growth.However,both dissolved oxygen（DO）and carbon concentrations affected denitrifier growth.In particular,DO concentrations greater than 3 mg/L inhibited denitrifier growth.Therefore,BTC with biozeolite was found to be a feasible technique to reduce N in a eutrophic river.However,it is necessary to further strengthen the adaptability of aerobic denitrifiers through changing domestication methods or conditions.展开更多
To satisfy the demand for good quality underwater welding and maintenance of nuclear power stations,a set of local dry automatic welding systems has been developed.These systems were based on an underwater robot that ...To satisfy the demand for good quality underwater welding and maintenance of nuclear power stations,a set of local dry automatic welding systems has been developed.These systems were based on an underwater robot that consisted of a special high-power underwater welding power supply,diving wire feeder,mini drain cap,welding robot,and special underwater welding torch.With a digital signal controller microprocessor as its core and combined with a dual inverter topology,the welding power supply was characterized by full-digital construction and multi-waveform flexible output.A compact diving wire feeding device was designed,based on the armature voltage negative feedback and high-frequency chopping pulse width modulation.This device yielded a high-efficiency seal of the driving motor with the help of dynamic and static sealing technology.To overcome the difficulty of local protection and deslagging in the welding area,a mini drain cap(with a duplexgas structure)based on the principle of the convergent nozzle was designed.The practical tests and the underwater welding experiments revealed that the underwater robotic local dry welding system is quite feasible.That is,the system could strike the arc stably and reliably in the shallow water environment,and formed beautiful welding seams.展开更多
Based on seismic,drilling,and source rock analysis data,the petroleum geological characteristics and future exploration direction of the oil-rich sags in the Central and West African Rift System(CWARS)are discussed.Th...Based on seismic,drilling,and source rock analysis data,the petroleum geological characteristics and future exploration direction of the oil-rich sags in the Central and West African Rift System(CWARS)are discussed.The study shows that the Central African Rift System mainly develops high-quality lacustrine source rocks in the Lower Cretaceous,and the West African Rift System mainly develops high-quality terrigenous organic matter-rich marine source rocks in the Upper Cretaceous,and the two types of source rocks provide a material basis for the enrichment of oil and gas in the CWARS.Multiple sets of reservoir rocks including fractured basement and three sets of regional cap rocks in the Lower Cretaceous,the Upper Cretaceous,and the Paleogene are developed in the CWARS.Since the Late Mesozoic,due to the geodynamic factors including the dextral strike-slip movement of the Central African Shear Zone,the basins in different directions of the CWARS differ in terms of rifting stages,intervals of regional cap rocks,trap types and accumulation models.The NE-SW trending basins have mainly preserved one stage of rifting in the Early Cretaceous,with regional cap rocks developed in the Lower Cretaceous strata,forming traps of reverse anticlines,flower-shaped structures and basement buried hill,and two types of hydrocarbon accumulation models of"source and reservoir in the same formation,and accumulation inside source rocks"and"up-source and down-reservoir,and accumulation below source rocks".The NW–SE basins are characterized by multiple rifting stages superimposition,with the development of regional cap rocks in the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene,forming traps of draping anticlines,faulted anticlines,antithetic fault blocks and the accumulation model of"down-source and up-reservoir,and accumulation above source rocks".The combination of reservoir and cap rocks inside source rocks of basins with multiple superimposed rifting stages,as well as the lithologic reservoirs and the shale oil inside source rocks of strong inversion basins are important fields for future exploration in basins of the CWARS.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3806300).
文摘Infrared-transparent conductors have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in electromagnetic shielding,infrared sensors,and photovoltaic devices.However,most known materials face the critical challenge of balancing high infrared transmittance with high electrical conductivity across the broad infrared spectral band(2.5-25μm).While ultra-thin indium tin oxide(ITO)films have been demonstrated to exhibit superior infrared transmittance,their inherent low electrical conductivity necessitates additional enhancement strategies.This study systematically investigates the effects of oxygen vacancy concentration regulation and ultra-thin copper capping layer integration on the infrared optoelectronic properties of 20 nm-thick ITO films.A fundamental trade-off is revealed in ITO films that increased oxygen vacancy content enhances the electrical conductivity while compromising the infrared transmittance.Meanwhile,following the introduction of a Cu capping layer,the Cu/ITO system exhibits opposing dependencies of infrared transmittance and electrical conductivity on the capping layer thickness,with an optimum thickness of~3 nm.Finally,by constructing a Cu(3 nm)/ITO(20 nm)heterostructure with varying oxygen vacancy content,we demonstrate the combined effect of the ultra-thin Cu capping layer and moderate oxygen vacancy content on optimizing the carrier transport network.This configuration simultaneously minimizes surface/interfacial reflection and absorption losses,achieving high infrared transmittance(0.861)and a low sheet resistance of 400 W/sq.Our findings highlight the critical role of the combined effect of metal/oxide heterostructure design and defect engineering in optimizing infrared-transparent conductive properties.
基金supported by the program of International Science & Technology Cooperation from Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 2010DFA94550,2010KW-24-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50830303)+1 种基金the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (No. 2009ZX07317-007-001)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (No. IRT0853)
文摘Three active barrier materials （zeolite, ceramicite and light porous media） were applied for preventing nitrogen （N） release from eutrophic lake sediments. Long term experiment of two different lake sediments were carded out and the effect of zeolite dose was evaluated. The results indicated that about 90%-100% of total N in overlying water was eliminated by using zeolite. While the N removal efficiency by ceramic was lower than that by zeolite, and light porous media present the lowest efficiency of 59%. Long term sediment incubation experiments indicated that two eutrophic sediments were both effective in preventing N release in spite of different release characteristics. Bio-zeolite capping technology was able to effectively inhibit the release of N from the sediment, and the zeolite dose was independently from N removal.
基金Project(51373097)supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The effect of reducing agents and surfactants on controlling the silver nanoplates was studied. Two reducing agents, trisodium citrate dehydrate (TSC) and potassium tartrate, were used to reduce the AgNO3 solution. In this redox system, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and arabic gum were served as surfactants. The results showed that reducing agents and surfactants both act as the capping agent adhering to the certain facets of silver seeds to block this surface to grow. The relative intensity of reducing agents also takes an active part in influencing the growth rate and direction of silver seeds. It was also found that halides can accelerate the speed of Ostwald ripening by adding Cl?, Br? and I?into the aqueous and have some effects on the morphology of the nanoplates.
文摘Ming-style furniture represents the pinnacle of Chinese traditional furniture,with the four-head official’s cap chair standing out as a representative category due to its classic form and cultural connotations.This paper takes a specific rosewood four-head official’s cap chair inscribed by Wang Shixiang as the research subject,employing a tripartite approach of form analysis,material examination,and inscription interpretation.The chair strictly adheres to the classic form of Ming-style four-head official’s cap chairs,embodying the Ming Dynasty design philosophy of“the unity of function and aesthetics”.The scarcity and unique grain pattern of the golden-flecked rosewood(Zitan)endow it with the status of“gold among woods”.Wang Shixiang’s inscription binds the furniture to the cultural essence of“the charm of the Ming Dynasty”,transforming it into“heritable cultural heritage”.This paper provides a new perspective for the case study of Ming-style furniture and offers theoretical reference for the contemporary inheritance of traditional craftsmanship.
基金supported by the China "973" Basic Research Program (2013CB911101)China NSFC grants (81130083 and 81271817)
文摘The 5′-cap structures of eukaryotic m RNAs are important for RNA stability, pre-m RNA splicing,m RNA export, and protein translation. Many viruses have evolved mechanisms for generating their own cap structures with methylation at the N7 position of the capped guanine and the ribose 2′-Oposition of the first nucleotide, which help viral RNAs escape recognition by the host innate immune system. The RNA genomes of coronavirus were identified to have 5′-caps in the early1980 s. However, for decades the RNA capping mechanisms of coronaviruses remained unknown.Since 2003, the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus has drawn increased attention and stimulated numerous studies on the molecular virology of coronaviruses. Here, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms adopted by coronaviruses to produce the 5′-cap structure and methylation modification of viral genomic RNAs.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Pillar Program(No.2012BAC04B02)the National Natural Science Fund of China(No.51408243)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(No.2015J01213)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.11QZR07)the Science and Technology Plan Fund of Quanzhou City(No.2014Z218)the Research Funds of Huaqiao University(No.14BS216)
文摘Bioreactive thin-layer capping（BTC）with biozeolite provides a potential remediation design that can sustainably treat N contamination from sediment and overlying water in eutrophic water bodies.Nitrogen（N）reduction using BTC with biozeolite was examined in a field incubation experiment in a eutrophic river in Yangzhou,Jiangsu Province,China.The biozeolite was zeolite with attached bacteria,including two isolated heterotrophic nitrifiers（Bacillus spp.）and two isolated aerobic denitrifiers（Acinetobacter spp.）.The results showed that the total nitrogen（TN）reduction efficiency of the overlying water by BTC with biozeolite（with thickness of about 2 mm）reached a maximum（56.69%）at day 34,and simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification occurred in the BTC system until day 34.There was a significant difference in the TN concentrations of the overlying water between biozeolite capping and control（t-test;p〈0.05）.The biozeolite had very strong in situ bioregeneration ability.Carbon was the main source of nitrifier growth.However,both dissolved oxygen（DO）and carbon concentrations affected denitrifier growth.In particular,DO concentrations greater than 3 mg/L inhibited denitrifier growth.Therefore,BTC with biozeolite was found to be a feasible technique to reduce N in a eutrophic river.However,it is necessary to further strengthen the adaptability of aerobic denitrifiers through changing domestication methods or conditions.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Numbers 51375173).
文摘To satisfy the demand for good quality underwater welding and maintenance of nuclear power stations,a set of local dry automatic welding systems has been developed.These systems were based on an underwater robot that consisted of a special high-power underwater welding power supply,diving wire feeder,mini drain cap,welding robot,and special underwater welding torch.With a digital signal controller microprocessor as its core and combined with a dual inverter topology,the welding power supply was characterized by full-digital construction and multi-waveform flexible output.A compact diving wire feeding device was designed,based on the armature voltage negative feedback and high-frequency chopping pulse width modulation.This device yielded a high-efficiency seal of the driving motor with the help of dynamic and static sealing technology.To overcome the difficulty of local protection and deslagging in the welding area,a mini drain cap(with a duplexgas structure)based on the principle of the convergent nozzle was designed.The practical tests and the underwater welding experiments revealed that the underwater robotic local dry welding system is quite feasible.That is,the system could strike the arc stably and reliably in the shallow water environment,and formed beautiful welding seams.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Project(92255302)National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05029005)Scientific Research and Technological Development Project of PetroChina(2021DJ31).
文摘Based on seismic,drilling,and source rock analysis data,the petroleum geological characteristics and future exploration direction of the oil-rich sags in the Central and West African Rift System(CWARS)are discussed.The study shows that the Central African Rift System mainly develops high-quality lacustrine source rocks in the Lower Cretaceous,and the West African Rift System mainly develops high-quality terrigenous organic matter-rich marine source rocks in the Upper Cretaceous,and the two types of source rocks provide a material basis for the enrichment of oil and gas in the CWARS.Multiple sets of reservoir rocks including fractured basement and three sets of regional cap rocks in the Lower Cretaceous,the Upper Cretaceous,and the Paleogene are developed in the CWARS.Since the Late Mesozoic,due to the geodynamic factors including the dextral strike-slip movement of the Central African Shear Zone,the basins in different directions of the CWARS differ in terms of rifting stages,intervals of regional cap rocks,trap types and accumulation models.The NE-SW trending basins have mainly preserved one stage of rifting in the Early Cretaceous,with regional cap rocks developed in the Lower Cretaceous strata,forming traps of reverse anticlines,flower-shaped structures and basement buried hill,and two types of hydrocarbon accumulation models of"source and reservoir in the same formation,and accumulation inside source rocks"and"up-source and down-reservoir,and accumulation below source rocks".The NW–SE basins are characterized by multiple rifting stages superimposition,with the development of regional cap rocks in the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene,forming traps of draping anticlines,faulted anticlines,antithetic fault blocks and the accumulation model of"down-source and up-reservoir,and accumulation above source rocks".The combination of reservoir and cap rocks inside source rocks of basins with multiple superimposed rifting stages,as well as the lithologic reservoirs and the shale oil inside source rocks of strong inversion basins are important fields for future exploration in basins of the CWARS.
