Infrared-transparent conductors have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in electromagnetic shielding,infrared sensors,and photovoltaic devices.However,most known materials face the cr...Infrared-transparent conductors have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in electromagnetic shielding,infrared sensors,and photovoltaic devices.However,most known materials face the critical challenge of balancing high infrared transmittance with high electrical conductivity across the broad infrared spectral band(2.5-25μm).While ultra-thin indium tin oxide(ITO)films have been demonstrated to exhibit superior infrared transmittance,their inherent low electrical conductivity necessitates additional enhancement strategies.This study systematically investigates the effects of oxygen vacancy concentration regulation and ultra-thin copper capping layer integration on the infrared optoelectronic properties of 20 nm-thick ITO films.A fundamental trade-off is revealed in ITO films that increased oxygen vacancy content enhances the electrical conductivity while compromising the infrared transmittance.Meanwhile,following the introduction of a Cu capping layer,the Cu/ITO system exhibits opposing dependencies of infrared transmittance and electrical conductivity on the capping layer thickness,with an optimum thickness of~3 nm.Finally,by constructing a Cu(3 nm)/ITO(20 nm)heterostructure with varying oxygen vacancy content,we demonstrate the combined effect of the ultra-thin Cu capping layer and moderate oxygen vacancy content on optimizing the carrier transport network.This configuration simultaneously minimizes surface/interfacial reflection and absorption losses,achieving high infrared transmittance(0.861)and a low sheet resistance of 400 W/sq.Our findings highlight the critical role of the combined effect of metal/oxide heterostructure design and defect engineering in optimizing infrared-transparent conductive properties.展开更多
The effect of reducing agents and surfactants on controlling the silver nanoplates was studied. Two reducing agents, trisodium citrate dehydrate (TSC) and potassium tartrate, were used to reduce the AgNO3 solution. In...The effect of reducing agents and surfactants on controlling the silver nanoplates was studied. Two reducing agents, trisodium citrate dehydrate (TSC) and potassium tartrate, were used to reduce the AgNO3 solution. In this redox system, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and arabic gum were served as surfactants. The results showed that reducing agents and surfactants both act as the capping agent adhering to the certain facets of silver seeds to block this surface to grow. The relative intensity of reducing agents also takes an active part in influencing the growth rate and direction of silver seeds. It was also found that halides can accelerate the speed of Ostwald ripening by adding Cl?, Br? and I?into the aqueous and have some effects on the morphology of the nanoplates.展开更多
Three active barrier materials （zeolite, ceramicite and light porous media） were applied for preventing nitrogen （N） release from eutrophic lake sediments. Long term experiment of two different lake sediments were...Three active barrier materials （zeolite, ceramicite and light porous media） were applied for preventing nitrogen （N） release from eutrophic lake sediments. Long term experiment of two different lake sediments were carded out and the effect of zeolite dose was evaluated. The results indicated that about 90%-100% of total N in overlying water was eliminated by using zeolite. While the N removal efficiency by ceramic was lower than that by zeolite, and light porous media present the lowest efficiency of 59%. Long term sediment incubation experiments indicated that two eutrophic sediments were both effective in preventing N release in spite of different release characteristics. Bio-zeolite capping technology was able to effectively inhibit the release of N from the sediment, and the zeolite dose was independently from N removal.展开更多
The 5′-cap structures of eukaryotic m RNAs are important for RNA stability, pre-m RNA splicing,m RNA export, and protein translation. Many viruses have evolved mechanisms for generating their own cap structures with ...The 5′-cap structures of eukaryotic m RNAs are important for RNA stability, pre-m RNA splicing,m RNA export, and protein translation. Many viruses have evolved mechanisms for generating their own cap structures with methylation at the N7 position of the capped guanine and the ribose 2′-Oposition of the first nucleotide, which help viral RNAs escape recognition by the host innate immune system. The RNA genomes of coronavirus were identified to have 5′-caps in the early1980 s. However, for decades the RNA capping mechanisms of coronaviruses remained unknown.Since 2003, the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus has drawn increased attention and stimulated numerous studies on the molecular virology of coronaviruses. Here, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms adopted by coronaviruses to produce the 5′-cap structure and methylation modification of viral genomic RNAs.展开更多
Bioreactive thin-layer capping（BTC）with biozeolite provides a potential remediation design that can sustainably treat N contamination from sediment and overlying water in eutrophic water bodies.Nitrogen（N）reductio...Bioreactive thin-layer capping（BTC）with biozeolite provides a potential remediation design that can sustainably treat N contamination from sediment and overlying water in eutrophic water bodies.Nitrogen（N）reduction using BTC with biozeolite was examined in a field incubation experiment in a eutrophic river in Yangzhou,Jiangsu Province,China.The biozeolite was zeolite with attached bacteria,including two isolated heterotrophic nitrifiers（Bacillus spp.）and two isolated aerobic denitrifiers（Acinetobacter spp.）.The results showed that the total nitrogen（TN）reduction efficiency of the overlying water by BTC with biozeolite（with thickness of about 2 mm）reached a maximum（56.69%）at day 34,and simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification occurred in the BTC system until day 34.There was a significant difference in the TN concentrations of the overlying water between biozeolite capping and control（t-test;p〈0.05）.The biozeolite had very strong in situ bioregeneration ability.Carbon was the main source of nitrifier growth.However,both dissolved oxygen（DO）and carbon concentrations affected denitrifier growth.In particular,DO concentrations greater than 3 mg/L inhibited denitrifier growth.Therefore,BTC with biozeolite was found to be a feasible technique to reduce N in a eutrophic river.However,it is necessary to further strengthen the adaptability of aerobic denitrifiers through changing domestication methods or conditions.展开更多
This paper gives an overview of recent development of the marine well containment system (MWCS) after BP Macondo subsea well blowout occurred on April 20,2010 in the Gulf of Mexico. Capping stack,a hard-ware utilized ...This paper gives an overview of recent development of the marine well containment system (MWCS) after BP Macondo subsea well blowout occurred on April 20,2010 in the Gulf of Mexico. Capping stack,a hard-ware utilized to contain blowout well at or near the wellhead is the center piece of MWCS. Accessibility to the dedicated capping stacks is gradually becoming a pre-requirement to obtain the permit for offshore drilling/workover, and the industry for manufacturing,maintenance,transportation and operation of the capping stack is in the making.展开更多
Cesium lead iodide(CsPbI_(3)) perovskite has gained great attention in the photovoltaic(PV) community because of its unique optoelectronic properties, good chemical stability and appropriate bandgap for sunlight harve...Cesium lead iodide(CsPbI_(3)) perovskite has gained great attention in the photovoltaic(PV) community because of its unique optoelectronic properties, good chemical stability and appropriate bandgap for sunlight harvesting applications. However, compared to solar cells fabricated from organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, the commercialization of devices based on all-inorganic CsPbI_(3) perovskites still faces many challenges regarding PV performance and long-term stability. In this work, we discovered that tetrabutylammonium bromide(TBABr) post-treatment to CsPbI_(3) perovskite films could achieve synergistic stabilization with both TBA+cation intercalation and Br-doping. Such TBA^(+) cation intercalation leads to onedimensional capping with TBAPb I3 perovskite formed in situ, while the Br-induced crystal secondary growth helps effectively passivate the defects of CsPbI_(3) perovskite, thus enhancing the stability. In addition, the incorporation of TBABr can improve energy-level alignment and reduce interfacial charge recombination loss for better device performance. Finally, the highly stable TBABr-treated CsPbI_(3)-based perovskite solar cells show reproducible photovoltaic performance with a champion efficiency up to 19.04%, while retaining 90% of the initial efficiency after 500 h storage without encapsulation.展开更多
Aims: To evaluate the inflammatory response of the exposed pulp of incisor teeth in rats after direct pulp capping, using platelet rich plasma (PRP), enamel matrix derivate (EMD), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and ...Aims: To evaluate the inflammatory response of the exposed pulp of incisor teeth in rats after direct pulp capping, using platelet rich plasma (PRP), enamel matrix derivate (EMD), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Methods: The study was conducted on 36 Wistar albino rats with a total of 144 incisor teeth. The pulps of 96 teeth of the rats were perforated and capped with different agents. Serving as the positive control group, the pulps of 24 teeth were only perforated and capped without capping agents, whereas the pulps of 24 teeth were used as the negative control group without being perforated (without any process). The research was ended with the extracting of the teeth on the 7th day-28th day. The teeth were taken to the routine and histological follows;cross sections were prepared and painted with hematoxylen & eosin. All of the sections were evaluated in terms of inflammatory reaction by histologic analysis taken by light microscope. Statistical analysis was used. The normal distribution of all data was tested with the Mann Whitney U and the differences between the groups were analyze dusing Kruskal Wallis test at 0.05 level. Results: There are no statistically significant differences in terms of inflammation type and necrosis among the treatment groups on 7 days’ post capping. However, improved inflammatory cell accumulation, hyperemia and lowest necrosis were observed from the samples treated with PRP (p < 0.05). Conversely, the EMD group indicated that the criteria of inflammation scores and hyper- emia were higher in the 28th day (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Most of cells accumulating in the PRP group and most necrosis were seen in the EMD group. These new PRP materials might serve as pulp capping biomaterials to induce initial healing response in the future.展开更多
The thickness effect of the TiN capping layer on the time dependent dielectric breakdown（TDDB） characteristic of ultra-thin EOT high-k metal gate NMOSFET is investigated in this paper.Based on experimental results,i...The thickness effect of the TiN capping layer on the time dependent dielectric breakdown（TDDB） characteristic of ultra-thin EOT high-k metal gate NMOSFET is investigated in this paper.Based on experimental results,it is found that the device with a thicker TiN layer has a more promising reliability characteristic than that with a thinner TiN layer.From the charge pumping measurement and secondary ion mass spectroscopy（SIMS） analysis,it is indicated that the sample with the thicker TiN layer introduces more Cl passivation at the IL/Si interface and exhibits a lower interface trap density.In addition,the influences of interface and bulk trap density ratio Nit/Not are studied by TDDB simulations through combining percolation theory and the kinetic Monte Carlo（kMC） method.The lifetime reduction and Weibull slope lowering are explained by interface trap effects for TiN capping layers with different thicknesses.展开更多
The rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays with 240 nm in length, 30 nm in diameter, and 420 btm 2 in areal density were prepared by the hydrothermal method to replace the typical 200-300 nm thick mesoporous TiO2 thin films in pe...The rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays with 240 nm in length, 30 nm in diameter, and 420 btm 2 in areal density were prepared by the hydrothermal method to replace the typical 200-300 nm thick mesoporous TiO2 thin films in perovskite solar cells. The CH3NH3PbI3 xBrx capping layers with different thicknesses were obtained on the TiO2 nanorod arrays using different concentration PbI2.DMSO complex precursor solutions in DMF and the photovoltaic performances of the corresponding solar cells were compared. The perovskite solar cells based on 240 nm long TiO2 nanorod arrays and 420 nm thick CH3NH3PbI3 xBrx capping layers showed the best photoelectric conversion efficiency （PCE） of 15.56% and the average PCE of 14.93 ± 0.63% at the relative humidity of 50%-54% under the illumination of simulated AM 1.5 sunlight （100 mW.cm-2）.展开更多
BACKGROUND The role of epinephrine in the treatment of pulp capping in patients with reversible pulpitis is not clear.AIM To explore the role of epinephrine in the treatment of pulp capping in patients with reversible...BACKGROUND The role of epinephrine in the treatment of pulp capping in patients with reversible pulpitis is not clear.AIM To explore the role of epinephrine in the treatment of pulp capping in patients with reversible pulpitis.METHODS A total of 100 patients with reversible pulpitis who were treated in Anhui Jieshou People's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were included in the study.They were categorized into an observation group(n=50;treatment with adrenaline)and a control group(n=50;treatment with zinc oxide eugenol paste).The 24-h postoperative pain,regression time of gingival congestion and redness,clinical efficacy,and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the groups.Patients were further categorized into the ineffective and effective treatment groups based on clinical efficacy.Logistic multiple regression analysis explored factors affecting the efficacy of pulp capping treatment.RESULTS A significant difference in 24-h postoperative pain was observed between the groups(P<0.05),with a higher proportion of grade I pain noted in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.01).The regression time of gingival congestion and swelling was lower in the observation group(2.61±1.44 d and 2.73±1.36 d,respectively)than in the control group(3.85±1.47 d and 4.28±1.61 d,respectively)(P<0.05).The 2-wk postoperative total effective rate was lower in the control group(80.00%)than in the observation group(94.00%)(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was not significantly different between the control(14.00%)and observation(12.00%)groups(P>0.05).The proportion of adrenaline usage was lower(P<0.05)and that of anaerobic digestion by Streptococcus and Fusobacterium nucleatum was higher in the ineffective treatment group than in the effective treatment group(P<0.05).Logistic multiple regression analysis revealed adrenaline as a protective factor(P<0.05)and anaerobic digestion by Streptococcus and F.nucleatum as risk factors for pulp capping in reversible pulpitis(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Adrenaline demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in pulp capping treatment for reversible pulpitis,reducing pain and improving clinical symptoms safely.It is a protective factor for pulp capping,whereas Streptococcus and F.nucleatum are risk factors.Targeted measures can be implemented to improve clinical efficacy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ureteral stent and nephroureterostomy tube(NUT)are treatments of ureteral obstruction.Ureteral stent provides better quality of life.Internalization of NUT is desired whenever possible.AIM To assess outcome...BACKGROUND Ureteral stent and nephroureterostomy tube(NUT)are treatments of ureteral obstruction.Ureteral stent provides better quality of life.Internalization of NUT is desired whenever possible.AIM To assess outcomes of capping trial among cancer patients with complete aspiration of retained contrast from bladder via NUT.METHODS Our Institutional Review Board approved retrospective review of all NUT placement,NUT exchange and conversion of nephrostomy catheter into NUT performed during June 2013 to June 2015(n=578).Cases were excluded due to lack of imaging of bladder(n=37),incomplete aspiration of bladder(n=324),no attempt at capping NUT(n=166),and patients with confounding factors interfering with results of capping trial including non-compliant bladder,bladder outlet obstruction and catheter malposition(n=14).Study group consisted of 37 procedures in 34 patients(male 19,female 15,age 2-83 years,average 58,median 61)most with cancer(prostate 8,endometrial 5,bladder 4,colorectal 4,breast 2,gastric 2,neuroblastoma 2,cervical 1,ovarian 1,renal 1,sarcoma 1,urothelial 1 and testicular 1)and one with Crohn’s disease.Medical records were reviewed to assess outcomes of capping trial.Exact 95%confidence intervals(95%CI)were calculated.RESULTS Among patients with complete aspiration of retained contrast,30(81%,95%CI:0.65-0.92)catheters were successfully capped(range 12-94 d,average 40,median 24.5)until planned conversion to internal stent(23),routine exchange(5),removal(1)or death unrelated to catheter(1).Seven capping trials(19%,95%CI:0.08-0.35)were unsuccessful(range 2-22 d,average 12,median 10)due to leakage(3),elevated creatinine(2),fever/hematuria(1)and nausea/vomiting(1).CONCLUSION Capping trial success among patients with complete aspiration of retained contrast/urine from bladder via NUT appears high.展开更多
A Flp/FRT EMS mutagenesis screen was conducted in the eye of Drosophila melanogaster on chromosome 2R to identify negative regulators of cell growth and cell division. In addition to the EMS mutation in the mosaic eye...A Flp/FRT EMS mutagenesis screen was conducted in the eye of Drosophila melanogaster on chromosome 2R to identify negative regulators of cell growth and cell division. In addition to the EMS mutation in the mosaic eye, an ark loss of function allele (ark<sup>82</sup>) was utilized to block apoptosis in the homozygous mutant cells, setting up a screen for conditional regulators of cell growth and cell division. In the present study, we focus on the characterization and mapping of one mutant that resulted from this screen, Cruella (cru). A cross between flies with the flippase enzyme directed to the developing eye and flies with the mutations cru, ark<sup>82</sup>, revealed an unusual phenotype that resulted in the homozygous mutant tissue appearing black, in contrast to the expected red. To map the location of this mutation, complementation tests against the Bloomington deficiency kit were conducted. Cru failed to complement previously characterized alleles of capping protein α (cpa). Thus, cpa<sup>cru</sup> is a novel allele of cpa and displays phenotypes similar to previously characterized alleles such as cpa 107E, cpa 69E, and cpa<sup>scrd</sup> . The human homolog, Cap Z, is conserved in humans and serves a similar role in act in filament regulation.展开更多
In attempts to fabricate thermally stable second-order nonlinear polymer thin films, we have investigated the second harmonic generation (SHG) from both nonlinear polymer and vip-host thin films. We have also invest...In attempts to fabricate thermally stable second-order nonlinear polymer thin films, we have investigated the second harmonic generation (SHG) from both nonlinear polymer and vip-host thin films. We have also investigated the role of capping on the SHG, temporal stability and relaxation of dipole alignment. Corona poling techniques were employed to orient the dopants into the noncentrosymmetric structure required to obtain the SHG. The effect of capping with a polymeric encapsulant below the glass transition temperature of the polymers on the unpoled and corona poled thin films was studied. Capping of the nonlinear polymer and vip host thin films have resulted in high SHG with good temporal stability. SHG signal falls drastically during the first 8 days after poling while no further significant decay in SHG signal was observed after about 33 days. Our investigations have identified the characteristics required for a good encapsulant on a non-con-ductive surface.展开更多
The mechanical processing of steel bars is an important secret information processing process in the building structure, and the mechanical processing of steel bars is an important part in every link of reinforced con...The mechanical processing of steel bars is an important secret information processing process in the building structure, and the mechanical processing of steel bars is an important part in every link of reinforced concrete construction engineering. It can be said that the brand or not in the steel bar processing process directly affects the quality of the whole construction project. In order to effectively control the accuracy and quality of steel bar processing, it is necessary to be familiar with the design, construction drawings and specification requirements of steel bars, and to combine various physical characteristics of steel bars when they are bent. From the aspects of steel bar bending and welding control, the mechanical characteristics of steel bar structure should fully meet the requirements of the specification, and flexibly master various processing technologies and use in the manufacturing process of steel bars. In this paper, the main measures of steel bar quality management and control are mainly elaborated through the practice of semi-inverted T-shaped hidden capping beam in steel bar quality control, and on this basis, this paper summarizes and analyzes it, which provides technical basis and reference for similar engineering reinforcement construction.展开更多
Orthomyxo- and bunyaviruses steal the 5' cap portion of host RNAs to prime their own transcription in a process called "capsnatching." We report that RNA modification of the cap portion by host 2'-O-...Orthomyxo- and bunyaviruses steal the 5' cap portion of host RNAs to prime their own transcription in a process called "capsnatching." We report that RNA modification of the cap portion by host 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase 1 (MTr1) is essential for theinitiation of influenza A and B virus replication, but not for other cap-snatching viruses. We identified with in silico compoundscreening and functional analysis a derivative of a natural product from Streptomyces, called trifluoromethyl-tubercidin (TFMT),that inhibits MTr1 through interaction at its S-adenosyl-l-methionine binding pocket to restrict influenza virus replication.Mechanistically, TFMT impairs the association of host cap RNAs with the viral polymerase basic protein 2 subunit in human lungexplants and in vivo in mice. TFMT acts synergistically with approved anti-influenza drugs.展开更多
Transition metal oxides(TMOs)are considered promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)because of their high theoretical capacity.However,their use in LIBs is limited by factors such as low initial coulo...Transition metal oxides(TMOs)are considered promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)because of their high theoretical capacity.However,their use in LIBs is limited by factors such as low initial coulombic efficiency,substantial volume changes,and low electrical conductivity.Here,amorphous MoO_(2) capped with different carbon sources is ingeniously designed by controlling the calcination temperature and different carbon sources.Electrochemical kinetics and material characterization show that the amorphous structure not only enhances its electronic conductivity,but also optimizes the lithium-ion(Li+)migration mode,thus improving its rate performance.Furthermore,the pore sizes produced by different carbon sources were found to have different effects on the performance of LIBs.Meanwhile,the Li+storage mechanism of the amorphous MoO_(2)-x@C was revealed by in-situ XRD analysis.As expected,the amorphous MoO_(2)-x@C exhibits excellent cycling stability,maintaining a discharge specific capacity of 601.4 mA h g^(-1) at 5.0 A g^(-1) for 800 cycles.In particular,the MoO_(2)-x@C||LiCoO_(2) full cell still possesses a capacity of 109.8 mA h g^(-1) at 0.2 C for 80 cycles.This endeavor will provide an experimental idea for molybdenum-based oxide high-performance anode materials.展开更多
The syntheses and crystal structures of five new compounds containing the UO_(2)^(2+)cation,2,5-diiodobenzoic acid,and a chelating N-donor(2,2’-bipyridine(bipy)(1),1,10-phenanthroline(phen)(2 and 3),2,2’:6’,2’’-t...The syntheses and crystal structures of five new compounds containing the UO_(2)^(2+)cation,2,5-diiodobenzoic acid,and a chelating N-donor(2,2’-bipyridine(bipy)(1),1,10-phenanthroline(phen)(2 and 3),2,2’:6’,2’’-terpyridine(terpy)(4),or 4’-chloro-2,2’:6’,2’’-terpyridine(Cl-terpy)(5))are described and the spectroscopic properties(both vibrational and luminescent)and stretching and interaction force constants of complexes 2,4,and 5 are reported.Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of these materials shows that variation of the chelating N-donor with the same benzoic acid featuring multiple,polarizable halogens at the periphery allows for the systematic accessing of uranyl oxo atoms for non-covalent assembly,which is notable as these atoms are generally terminal.Spectroscopic characterization of complexes 2,4,and 5 indicate that oxo atom participation in halogen bonding interactions may complement the effects of the electron donating ability of the capping ligand on corresponding uranyl luminescence and vibrational spectra,each contributing to the observed bathochromic shifts.展开更多
Developing a bridge capping layer between perovskite and hole transport layer materials(HTMs)in the n-i-p perovskite solar cells(pero-SCs)is an effective approach to modify the morphology of HTMs and passivate the per...Developing a bridge capping layer between perovskite and hole transport layer materials(HTMs)in the n-i-p perovskite solar cells(pero-SCs)is an effective approach to modify the morphology of HTMs and passivate the perovskite simultaneously.Herein,we select the quinoxaline-based bifunctional passivation agent,quinoxalin-6-yl-methylamine hydrochloride(Qx MACl),as the bridging layer,and a D-A copolymer PBQ12 containing the same quinoxaline unit as an HTM for the n-i-p pero-SCs.Due to theπ-πstacking among the common quinoxaline units in the bridge layer and HTM,Qx MACl induces theπ-πstacking of the PBQ12 film and improves the film morphology of HTMs with better conductivity.Additionally,Qx MACl can effectively passivate the perovskite surface,and PBQ12 possesses appropriate energy levels and high hole mobility.The pero-SCs based on FAPbI_(3)with PBQ12/Qx MACl treatment showed a higher power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 24.05%and outstanding stability,maintaining 95.4%and 92.1%of its initial PCE after 750 h of storage and after over 800 h of thermal annealing at 85℃,respectively.To further enhance the PCE of the PBQ12/Qx MACl-based devices,we developed a non-metal ion dopant for the PBQ12 HTM.Through trace doping of PBQ12 HTM by the non-metal ion dopant,the PCE of the PBQ12/Qx MACl-based devices reached 25.24%(the calibrated PCE of 24.55%by the National Institute of Metrology,China).展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3806300).
文摘Infrared-transparent conductors have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in electromagnetic shielding,infrared sensors,and photovoltaic devices.However,most known materials face the critical challenge of balancing high infrared transmittance with high electrical conductivity across the broad infrared spectral band(2.5-25μm).While ultra-thin indium tin oxide(ITO)films have been demonstrated to exhibit superior infrared transmittance,their inherent low electrical conductivity necessitates additional enhancement strategies.This study systematically investigates the effects of oxygen vacancy concentration regulation and ultra-thin copper capping layer integration on the infrared optoelectronic properties of 20 nm-thick ITO films.A fundamental trade-off is revealed in ITO films that increased oxygen vacancy content enhances the electrical conductivity while compromising the infrared transmittance.Meanwhile,following the introduction of a Cu capping layer,the Cu/ITO system exhibits opposing dependencies of infrared transmittance and electrical conductivity on the capping layer thickness,with an optimum thickness of~3 nm.Finally,by constructing a Cu(3 nm)/ITO(20 nm)heterostructure with varying oxygen vacancy content,we demonstrate the combined effect of the ultra-thin Cu capping layer and moderate oxygen vacancy content on optimizing the carrier transport network.This configuration simultaneously minimizes surface/interfacial reflection and absorption losses,achieving high infrared transmittance(0.861)and a low sheet resistance of 400 W/sq.Our findings highlight the critical role of the combined effect of metal/oxide heterostructure design and defect engineering in optimizing infrared-transparent conductive properties.
基金Project(51373097)supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The effect of reducing agents and surfactants on controlling the silver nanoplates was studied. Two reducing agents, trisodium citrate dehydrate (TSC) and potassium tartrate, were used to reduce the AgNO3 solution. In this redox system, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and arabic gum were served as surfactants. The results showed that reducing agents and surfactants both act as the capping agent adhering to the certain facets of silver seeds to block this surface to grow. The relative intensity of reducing agents also takes an active part in influencing the growth rate and direction of silver seeds. It was also found that halides can accelerate the speed of Ostwald ripening by adding Cl?, Br? and I?into the aqueous and have some effects on the morphology of the nanoplates.
基金supported by the program of International Science & Technology Cooperation from Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 2010DFA94550,2010KW-24-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50830303)+1 种基金the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (No. 2009ZX07317-007-001)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (No. IRT0853)
文摘Three active barrier materials （zeolite, ceramicite and light porous media） were applied for preventing nitrogen （N） release from eutrophic lake sediments. Long term experiment of two different lake sediments were carded out and the effect of zeolite dose was evaluated. The results indicated that about 90%-100% of total N in overlying water was eliminated by using zeolite. While the N removal efficiency by ceramic was lower than that by zeolite, and light porous media present the lowest efficiency of 59%. Long term sediment incubation experiments indicated that two eutrophic sediments were both effective in preventing N release in spite of different release characteristics. Bio-zeolite capping technology was able to effectively inhibit the release of N from the sediment, and the zeolite dose was independently from N removal.
基金supported by the China "973" Basic Research Program (2013CB911101)China NSFC grants (81130083 and 81271817)
文摘The 5′-cap structures of eukaryotic m RNAs are important for RNA stability, pre-m RNA splicing,m RNA export, and protein translation. Many viruses have evolved mechanisms for generating their own cap structures with methylation at the N7 position of the capped guanine and the ribose 2′-Oposition of the first nucleotide, which help viral RNAs escape recognition by the host innate immune system. The RNA genomes of coronavirus were identified to have 5′-caps in the early1980 s. However, for decades the RNA capping mechanisms of coronaviruses remained unknown.Since 2003, the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus has drawn increased attention and stimulated numerous studies on the molecular virology of coronaviruses. Here, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms adopted by coronaviruses to produce the 5′-cap structure and methylation modification of viral genomic RNAs.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Pillar Program(No.2012BAC04B02)the National Natural Science Fund of China(No.51408243)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(No.2015J01213)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.11QZR07)the Science and Technology Plan Fund of Quanzhou City(No.2014Z218)the Research Funds of Huaqiao University(No.14BS216)
文摘Bioreactive thin-layer capping（BTC）with biozeolite provides a potential remediation design that can sustainably treat N contamination from sediment and overlying water in eutrophic water bodies.Nitrogen（N）reduction using BTC with biozeolite was examined in a field incubation experiment in a eutrophic river in Yangzhou,Jiangsu Province,China.The biozeolite was zeolite with attached bacteria,including two isolated heterotrophic nitrifiers（Bacillus spp.）and two isolated aerobic denitrifiers（Acinetobacter spp.）.The results showed that the total nitrogen（TN）reduction efficiency of the overlying water by BTC with biozeolite（with thickness of about 2 mm）reached a maximum（56.69%）at day 34,and simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification occurred in the BTC system until day 34.There was a significant difference in the TN concentrations of the overlying water between biozeolite capping and control（t-test;p〈0.05）.The biozeolite had very strong in situ bioregeneration ability.Carbon was the main source of nitrifier growth.However,both dissolved oxygen（DO）and carbon concentrations affected denitrifier growth.In particular,DO concentrations greater than 3 mg/L inhibited denitrifier growth.Therefore,BTC with biozeolite was found to be a feasible technique to reduce N in a eutrophic river.However,it is necessary to further strengthen the adaptability of aerobic denitrifiers through changing domestication methods or conditions.
文摘This paper gives an overview of recent development of the marine well containment system (MWCS) after BP Macondo subsea well blowout occurred on April 20,2010 in the Gulf of Mexico. Capping stack,a hard-ware utilized to contain blowout well at or near the wellhead is the center piece of MWCS. Accessibility to the dedicated capping stacks is gradually becoming a pre-requirement to obtain the permit for offshore drilling/workover, and the industry for manufacturing,maintenance,transportation and operation of the capping stack is in the making.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 22025505, 51861145101,21777096)the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader (Grant No. 20XD1422200)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry,Ministry of Education (Grant No.KLRC_ME2003)support from the Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit of the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University。
文摘Cesium lead iodide(CsPbI_(3)) perovskite has gained great attention in the photovoltaic(PV) community because of its unique optoelectronic properties, good chemical stability and appropriate bandgap for sunlight harvesting applications. However, compared to solar cells fabricated from organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, the commercialization of devices based on all-inorganic CsPbI_(3) perovskites still faces many challenges regarding PV performance and long-term stability. In this work, we discovered that tetrabutylammonium bromide(TBABr) post-treatment to CsPbI_(3) perovskite films could achieve synergistic stabilization with both TBA+cation intercalation and Br-doping. Such TBA^(+) cation intercalation leads to onedimensional capping with TBAPb I3 perovskite formed in situ, while the Br-induced crystal secondary growth helps effectively passivate the defects of CsPbI_(3) perovskite, thus enhancing the stability. In addition, the incorporation of TBABr can improve energy-level alignment and reduce interfacial charge recombination loss for better device performance. Finally, the highly stable TBABr-treated CsPbI_(3)-based perovskite solar cells show reproducible photovoltaic performance with a champion efficiency up to 19.04%, while retaining 90% of the initial efficiency after 500 h storage without encapsulation.
基金This Project labeled“1949-D-09”has been supported by Süleyman Demirel University,Division of Scientific Research and Coordination of Projects.
文摘Aims: To evaluate the inflammatory response of the exposed pulp of incisor teeth in rats after direct pulp capping, using platelet rich plasma (PRP), enamel matrix derivate (EMD), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Methods: The study was conducted on 36 Wistar albino rats with a total of 144 incisor teeth. The pulps of 96 teeth of the rats were perforated and capped with different agents. Serving as the positive control group, the pulps of 24 teeth were only perforated and capped without capping agents, whereas the pulps of 24 teeth were used as the negative control group without being perforated (without any process). The research was ended with the extracting of the teeth on the 7th day-28th day. The teeth were taken to the routine and histological follows;cross sections were prepared and painted with hematoxylen & eosin. All of the sections were evaluated in terms of inflammatory reaction by histologic analysis taken by light microscope. Statistical analysis was used. The normal distribution of all data was tested with the Mann Whitney U and the differences between the groups were analyze dusing Kruskal Wallis test at 0.05 level. Results: There are no statistically significant differences in terms of inflammation type and necrosis among the treatment groups on 7 days’ post capping. However, improved inflammatory cell accumulation, hyperemia and lowest necrosis were observed from the samples treated with PRP (p < 0.05). Conversely, the EMD group indicated that the criteria of inflammation scores and hyper- emia were higher in the 28th day (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Most of cells accumulating in the PRP group and most necrosis were seen in the EMD group. These new PRP materials might serve as pulp capping biomaterials to induce initial healing response in the future.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.SS2015AA010601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61176091 and 61306129)the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices&Integrated Technology,Institute of Micro Electronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘The thickness effect of the TiN capping layer on the time dependent dielectric breakdown（TDDB） characteristic of ultra-thin EOT high-k metal gate NMOSFET is investigated in this paper.Based on experimental results,it is found that the device with a thicker TiN layer has a more promising reliability characteristic than that with a thinner TiN layer.From the charge pumping measurement and secondary ion mass spectroscopy（SIMS） analysis,it is indicated that the sample with the thicker TiN layer introduces more Cl passivation at the IL/Si interface and exhibits a lower interface trap density.In addition,the influences of interface and bulk trap density ratio Nit/Not are studied by TDDB simulations through combining percolation theory and the kinetic Monte Carlo（kMC） method.The lifetime reduction and Weibull slope lowering are explained by interface trap effects for TiN capping layers with different thicknesses.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51472071 and 51272061)Talent Project of Hefei University of Technology,China(Grant Nos.75010-037004 and 75010-037003)
文摘The rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays with 240 nm in length, 30 nm in diameter, and 420 btm 2 in areal density were prepared by the hydrothermal method to replace the typical 200-300 nm thick mesoporous TiO2 thin films in perovskite solar cells. The CH3NH3PbI3 xBrx capping layers with different thicknesses were obtained on the TiO2 nanorod arrays using different concentration PbI2.DMSO complex precursor solutions in DMF and the photovoltaic performances of the corresponding solar cells were compared. The perovskite solar cells based on 240 nm long TiO2 nanorod arrays and 420 nm thick CH3NH3PbI3 xBrx capping layers showed the best photoelectric conversion efficiency （PCE） of 15.56% and the average PCE of 14.93 ± 0.63% at the relative humidity of 50%-54% under the illumination of simulated AM 1.5 sunlight （100 mW.cm-2）.
基金The study was reviewed and approved by Anhui Jieshou People's Hospital Institutional Review Board,No.2019-11-001.
文摘BACKGROUND The role of epinephrine in the treatment of pulp capping in patients with reversible pulpitis is not clear.AIM To explore the role of epinephrine in the treatment of pulp capping in patients with reversible pulpitis.METHODS A total of 100 patients with reversible pulpitis who were treated in Anhui Jieshou People's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were included in the study.They were categorized into an observation group(n=50;treatment with adrenaline)and a control group(n=50;treatment with zinc oxide eugenol paste).The 24-h postoperative pain,regression time of gingival congestion and redness,clinical efficacy,and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the groups.Patients were further categorized into the ineffective and effective treatment groups based on clinical efficacy.Logistic multiple regression analysis explored factors affecting the efficacy of pulp capping treatment.RESULTS A significant difference in 24-h postoperative pain was observed between the groups(P<0.05),with a higher proportion of grade I pain noted in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.01).The regression time of gingival congestion and swelling was lower in the observation group(2.61±1.44 d and 2.73±1.36 d,respectively)than in the control group(3.85±1.47 d and 4.28±1.61 d,respectively)(P<0.05).The 2-wk postoperative total effective rate was lower in the control group(80.00%)than in the observation group(94.00%)(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was not significantly different between the control(14.00%)and observation(12.00%)groups(P>0.05).The proportion of adrenaline usage was lower(P<0.05)and that of anaerobic digestion by Streptococcus and Fusobacterium nucleatum was higher in the ineffective treatment group than in the effective treatment group(P<0.05).Logistic multiple regression analysis revealed adrenaline as a protective factor(P<0.05)and anaerobic digestion by Streptococcus and F.nucleatum as risk factors for pulp capping in reversible pulpitis(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Adrenaline demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in pulp capping treatment for reversible pulpitis,reducing pain and improving clinical symptoms safely.It is a protective factor for pulp capping,whereas Streptococcus and F.nucleatum are risk factors.Targeted measures can be implemented to improve clinical efficacy.
基金Supported by National Institute of Health(United States),No.P30 CA008748.
文摘BACKGROUND Ureteral stent and nephroureterostomy tube(NUT)are treatments of ureteral obstruction.Ureteral stent provides better quality of life.Internalization of NUT is desired whenever possible.AIM To assess outcomes of capping trial among cancer patients with complete aspiration of retained contrast from bladder via NUT.METHODS Our Institutional Review Board approved retrospective review of all NUT placement,NUT exchange and conversion of nephrostomy catheter into NUT performed during June 2013 to June 2015(n=578).Cases were excluded due to lack of imaging of bladder(n=37),incomplete aspiration of bladder(n=324),no attempt at capping NUT(n=166),and patients with confounding factors interfering with results of capping trial including non-compliant bladder,bladder outlet obstruction and catheter malposition(n=14).Study group consisted of 37 procedures in 34 patients(male 19,female 15,age 2-83 years,average 58,median 61)most with cancer(prostate 8,endometrial 5,bladder 4,colorectal 4,breast 2,gastric 2,neuroblastoma 2,cervical 1,ovarian 1,renal 1,sarcoma 1,urothelial 1 and testicular 1)and one with Crohn’s disease.Medical records were reviewed to assess outcomes of capping trial.Exact 95%confidence intervals(95%CI)were calculated.RESULTS Among patients with complete aspiration of retained contrast,30(81%,95%CI:0.65-0.92)catheters were successfully capped(range 12-94 d,average 40,median 24.5)until planned conversion to internal stent(23),routine exchange(5),removal(1)or death unrelated to catheter(1).Seven capping trials(19%,95%CI:0.08-0.35)were unsuccessful(range 2-22 d,average 12,median 10)due to leakage(3),elevated creatinine(2),fever/hematuria(1)and nausea/vomiting(1).CONCLUSION Capping trial success among patients with complete aspiration of retained contrast/urine from bladder via NUT appears high.
文摘A Flp/FRT EMS mutagenesis screen was conducted in the eye of Drosophila melanogaster on chromosome 2R to identify negative regulators of cell growth and cell division. In addition to the EMS mutation in the mosaic eye, an ark loss of function allele (ark<sup>82</sup>) was utilized to block apoptosis in the homozygous mutant cells, setting up a screen for conditional regulators of cell growth and cell division. In the present study, we focus on the characterization and mapping of one mutant that resulted from this screen, Cruella (cru). A cross between flies with the flippase enzyme directed to the developing eye and flies with the mutations cru, ark<sup>82</sup>, revealed an unusual phenotype that resulted in the homozygous mutant tissue appearing black, in contrast to the expected red. To map the location of this mutation, complementation tests against the Bloomington deficiency kit were conducted. Cru failed to complement previously characterized alleles of capping protein α (cpa). Thus, cpa<sup>cru</sup> is a novel allele of cpa and displays phenotypes similar to previously characterized alleles such as cpa 107E, cpa 69E, and cpa<sup>scrd</sup> . The human homolog, Cap Z, is conserved in humans and serves a similar role in act in filament regulation.
文摘In attempts to fabricate thermally stable second-order nonlinear polymer thin films, we have investigated the second harmonic generation (SHG) from both nonlinear polymer and vip-host thin films. We have also investigated the role of capping on the SHG, temporal stability and relaxation of dipole alignment. Corona poling techniques were employed to orient the dopants into the noncentrosymmetric structure required to obtain the SHG. The effect of capping with a polymeric encapsulant below the glass transition temperature of the polymers on the unpoled and corona poled thin films was studied. Capping of the nonlinear polymer and vip host thin films have resulted in high SHG with good temporal stability. SHG signal falls drastically during the first 8 days after poling while no further significant decay in SHG signal was observed after about 33 days. Our investigations have identified the characteristics required for a good encapsulant on a non-con-ductive surface.
文摘The mechanical processing of steel bars is an important secret information processing process in the building structure, and the mechanical processing of steel bars is an important part in every link of reinforced concrete construction engineering. It can be said that the brand or not in the steel bar processing process directly affects the quality of the whole construction project. In order to effectively control the accuracy and quality of steel bar processing, it is necessary to be familiar with the design, construction drawings and specification requirements of steel bars, and to combine various physical characteristics of steel bars when they are bent. From the aspects of steel bar bending and welding control, the mechanical characteristics of steel bar structure should fully meet the requirements of the specification, and flexibly master various processing technologies and use in the manufacturing process of steel bars. In this paper, the main measures of steel bar quality management and control are mainly elaborated through the practice of semi-inverted T-shaped hidden capping beam in steel bar quality control, and on this basis, this paper summarizes and analyzes it, which provides technical basis and reference for similar engineering reinforcement construction.
文摘Orthomyxo- and bunyaviruses steal the 5' cap portion of host RNAs to prime their own transcription in a process called "capsnatching." We report that RNA modification of the cap portion by host 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase 1 (MTr1) is essential for theinitiation of influenza A and B virus replication, but not for other cap-snatching viruses. We identified with in silico compoundscreening and functional analysis a derivative of a natural product from Streptomyces, called trifluoromethyl-tubercidin (TFMT),that inhibits MTr1 through interaction at its S-adenosyl-l-methionine binding pocket to restrict influenza virus replication.Mechanistically, TFMT impairs the association of host cap RNAs with the viral polymerase basic protein 2 subunit in human lungexplants and in vivo in mice. TFMT acts synergistically with approved anti-influenza drugs.
基金supported by the Central Government Guides Local Scientific and Technological Development Projects of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region(No.ZYYD2023A05)the Natural Science Foundation of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region(No.2021D01C098)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22278348).
文摘Transition metal oxides(TMOs)are considered promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)because of their high theoretical capacity.However,their use in LIBs is limited by factors such as low initial coulombic efficiency,substantial volume changes,and low electrical conductivity.Here,amorphous MoO_(2) capped with different carbon sources is ingeniously designed by controlling the calcination temperature and different carbon sources.Electrochemical kinetics and material characterization show that the amorphous structure not only enhances its electronic conductivity,but also optimizes the lithium-ion(Li+)migration mode,thus improving its rate performance.Furthermore,the pore sizes produced by different carbon sources were found to have different effects on the performance of LIBs.Meanwhile,the Li+storage mechanism of the amorphous MoO_(2)-x@C was revealed by in-situ XRD analysis.As expected,the amorphous MoO_(2)-x@C exhibits excellent cycling stability,maintaining a discharge specific capacity of 601.4 mA h g^(-1) at 5.0 A g^(-1) for 800 cycles.In particular,the MoO_(2)-x@C||LiCoO_(2) full cell still possesses a capacity of 109.8 mA h g^(-1) at 0.2 C for 80 cycles.This endeavor will provide an experimental idea for molybdenum-based oxide high-performance anode materials.
基金supported by the U.S.Department of Energy—Chemical Sciences,Geosciences and Biosciences Division,Office of Basic Sciences,Office of Science,Heavy Elements Program,under grant number DE-FG02-05ER15736.
文摘The syntheses and crystal structures of five new compounds containing the UO_(2)^(2+)cation,2,5-diiodobenzoic acid,and a chelating N-donor(2,2’-bipyridine(bipy)(1),1,10-phenanthroline(phen)(2 and 3),2,2’:6’,2’’-terpyridine(terpy)(4),or 4’-chloro-2,2’:6’,2’’-terpyridine(Cl-terpy)(5))are described and the spectroscopic properties(both vibrational and luminescent)and stretching and interaction force constants of complexes 2,4,and 5 are reported.Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of these materials shows that variation of the chelating N-donor with the same benzoic acid featuring multiple,polarizable halogens at the periphery allows for the systematic accessing of uranyl oxo atoms for non-covalent assembly,which is notable as these atoms are generally terminal.Spectroscopic characterization of complexes 2,4,and 5 indicate that oxo atom participation in halogen bonding interactions may complement the effects of the electron donating ability of the capping ligand on corresponding uranyl luminescence and vibrational spectra,each contributing to the observed bathochromic shifts.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0705900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52103243,61904181,52173188)+1 种基金the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDPB13)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Major Program of Guangdong Province(2019B030302007)。
文摘Developing a bridge capping layer between perovskite and hole transport layer materials(HTMs)in the n-i-p perovskite solar cells(pero-SCs)is an effective approach to modify the morphology of HTMs and passivate the perovskite simultaneously.Herein,we select the quinoxaline-based bifunctional passivation agent,quinoxalin-6-yl-methylamine hydrochloride(Qx MACl),as the bridging layer,and a D-A copolymer PBQ12 containing the same quinoxaline unit as an HTM for the n-i-p pero-SCs.Due to theπ-πstacking among the common quinoxaline units in the bridge layer and HTM,Qx MACl induces theπ-πstacking of the PBQ12 film and improves the film morphology of HTMs with better conductivity.Additionally,Qx MACl can effectively passivate the perovskite surface,and PBQ12 possesses appropriate energy levels and high hole mobility.The pero-SCs based on FAPbI_(3)with PBQ12/Qx MACl treatment showed a higher power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 24.05%and outstanding stability,maintaining 95.4%and 92.1%of its initial PCE after 750 h of storage and after over 800 h of thermal annealing at 85℃,respectively.To further enhance the PCE of the PBQ12/Qx MACl-based devices,we developed a non-metal ion dopant for the PBQ12 HTM.Through trace doping of PBQ12 HTM by the non-metal ion dopant,the PCE of the PBQ12/Qx MACl-based devices reached 25.24%(the calibrated PCE of 24.55%by the National Institute of Metrology,China).
