Objective:To evaluate the analgesic,anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity of methanolic Tecomaria capensis(T.capensis) leaves extract using different models in rats.Methods: Methanolic T.capenssis leaves extract(...Objective:To evaluate the analgesic,anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity of methanolic Tecomaria capensis(T.capensis) leaves extract using different models in rats.Methods: Methanolic T.capenssis leaves extract(100,300,1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight) was given to rats orally to observe acute toxicity,and observed for 14 days.Analgesic activity was evaluated using tail immersion and formalin induced paw licking models in rats.Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan induced paw edema model in rats.Antipyretic activity was evaluated using brewer's yeast induced pyrexia model in rats.Methanolic T.capensis leaves extract were given at dose of 100,200 and 500 mg/kg p.o.Results:Results demonstrated that the no mortality was reported even after 14 days.This indicated that the methanol extract was safe up to a single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight Methanolic 71 capensis leaves extract(100,200 and 500 mg/kg p.o.) significantly increased the latency period in the tail immersion test,reduced the licking time in both the neurogenic and inflammatory phases in the formalin test.Methanolic T.capensis leaves extract(100,200 and 500 mg/kg p.o.) significantly prevented increase in volume of paw edema. Methanolic 7.capensis leaves extract at the doses of(100,200 and 500 mg/kg p.o.) significantly decreased the rectal temperature of the rats.Conclusions:This study exhibites that methanolic T. capensis leaves extract possesses analgesic,anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity which may be mediated by the central and peripheral mechanisms.展开更多
According to the specimens of ulna-radius of the Cape Hare (Lepus capensie) shot in fall and winter in Shanxi province, China, the ossifications of epiphyses cartilage of ulna-radius are divided into 4 stages. With we...According to the specimens of ulna-radius of the Cape Hare (Lepus capensie) shot in fall and winter in Shanxi province, China, the ossifications of epiphyses cartilage of ulna-radius are divided into 4 stages. With weight of eye lens as a reference, it is proved that the age criterion could be used to distinguish young less than 6–7 months old from those older. This is a pragmatic method to analyze age composition of game-bag in the early period of shooting season when younger holds a large proportion in the hare population. It also is useful in judging the age of hares trapped and estimating the effects of predation on the hare population structure.展开更多
Tea is one of the most consumed drinks in the world,second only to water,and is renowned for its wide range of health benefits.This study examined the development of tea blends from blends of Ficus capensis,and Justic...Tea is one of the most consumed drinks in the world,second only to water,and is renowned for its wide range of health benefits.This study examined the development of tea blends from blends of Ficus capensis,and Justicias ecunda leaves.Dried leaves of F.capensis and J.Secunda were milled,sieved,and processed into tea using a three-level factorial design.The process was modelled and optimized.The tea was evaluated for physicochemical,phenolic compounds profile,antioxidants,and functional groups using standard procedures.The blood-boosting potentials of the herbal tea blends were investigated through animal experiment and haematological evaluations were carried out on the fed animals.The results gave the optimal extracts blends of 48 g/100 g of F.capensis and 52 g/100 g of J.secunda.Antioxidants showed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazl value of 6464.95±1.97μmol Trolox equivalents/100 g,ferric reducing power(40.13±0.07 mmol Fe2+/100 g),and metal chelating(57.40±0.62%).Physicochemical property showed total dissolved solids value of 6.51±0.11 mg/g,^(*)L(78.35±0.42),^(*)a(3.14±0.09),and ^(*)b(13.57±0.12).Phenolic compounds profile showed the presence of epicatechin(115.63±0.052 mg/100 g),which have been associated with ability to improve healthy-living and lower the risk of some degenerative health issues.The in vivo results showed that developed tea was able to recover up to 95.28%of the packed cell volume,red blood cell(94.78%),and haemoglobin(97.52%),which compared well with the commercial product.The study showed the potential application of F.Capensis and J.Secunda leaves extracts in the formulation of functional beverage.The formulation procedures is scalable and has domestic and industrial applications.The tea blend could serve as a functional food ingredient and beverage to improve human health.展开更多
Due to the higher energy requirements of birds during winter, it is predicted that the activities of metabolic enzymes （e.g., citrate synthase, CS and cytochrome C oxidase, COX） should increase in tandem with increa...Due to the higher energy requirements of birds during winter, it is predicted that the activities of metabolic enzymes （e.g., citrate synthase, CS and cytochrome C oxidase, COX） should increase in tandem with increases in rates of energy expendi ture （e.g., basal metabolic rate, BMR）. However, there is mixed support for the hypothesis of enzymatic acclimatization. Fur thermore, there is little information about the effect of ambient temperature on energetics and tissue enzyme activity levels in passerines inhabiting seasonal Mediterranean environments. In this study we evaluated the interplay between BMR and enzyme activities of freshly caught individuals of the passerine Zonotrichia capensis in winter and summer in a Mediterranean environment from central Chile, and also in warm （30℃） and cold （15℃） labacclimated birds. The results revealed a lack of seasonal variation in BMR, thermal conductance and in the activity of CS and COX. However, we found higher BMR and lower thermal conductance in coldacclimated than in warmacclimated birds. Also, total CS activity was higher in the flight muscles of coldacclimated than in warmacclimated birds. We found also a significant correlation between BMR and total CS activity in pectoral muscle. Although some authors have suggested that BMR mainly depends on the metabolic intensity and mass of internal organs, our results revealed that skeletal muscles such as the flight muscles may also affect BMR. Finally, differences in the accli mation and acclimatization responses in Rufouscollared sparrows suggest that largescale oscillations in the physical environment might maintain the capacity for flexibility in thermogenic traits through generations .展开更多
基金supported by management ofJaipur National University,Jaipur,India
文摘Objective:To evaluate the analgesic,anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity of methanolic Tecomaria capensis(T.capensis) leaves extract using different models in rats.Methods: Methanolic T.capenssis leaves extract(100,300,1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight) was given to rats orally to observe acute toxicity,and observed for 14 days.Analgesic activity was evaluated using tail immersion and formalin induced paw licking models in rats.Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan induced paw edema model in rats.Antipyretic activity was evaluated using brewer's yeast induced pyrexia model in rats.Methanolic T.capensis leaves extract were given at dose of 100,200 and 500 mg/kg p.o.Results:Results demonstrated that the no mortality was reported even after 14 days.This indicated that the methanol extract was safe up to a single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight Methanolic 71 capensis leaves extract(100,200 and 500 mg/kg p.o.) significantly increased the latency period in the tail immersion test,reduced the licking time in both the neurogenic and inflammatory phases in the formalin test.Methanolic T.capensis leaves extract(100,200 and 500 mg/kg p.o.) significantly prevented increase in volume of paw edema. Methanolic 7.capensis leaves extract at the doses of(100,200 and 500 mg/kg p.o.) significantly decreased the rectal temperature of the rats.Conclusions:This study exhibites that methanolic T. capensis leaves extract possesses analgesic,anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity which may be mediated by the central and peripheral mechanisms.
文摘According to the specimens of ulna-radius of the Cape Hare (Lepus capensie) shot in fall and winter in Shanxi province, China, the ossifications of epiphyses cartilage of ulna-radius are divided into 4 stages. With weight of eye lens as a reference, it is proved that the age criterion could be used to distinguish young less than 6–7 months old from those older. This is a pragmatic method to analyze age composition of game-bag in the early period of shooting season when younger holds a large proportion in the hare population. It also is useful in judging the age of hares trapped and estimating the effects of predation on the hare population structure.
文摘Tea is one of the most consumed drinks in the world,second only to water,and is renowned for its wide range of health benefits.This study examined the development of tea blends from blends of Ficus capensis,and Justicias ecunda leaves.Dried leaves of F.capensis and J.Secunda were milled,sieved,and processed into tea using a three-level factorial design.The process was modelled and optimized.The tea was evaluated for physicochemical,phenolic compounds profile,antioxidants,and functional groups using standard procedures.The blood-boosting potentials of the herbal tea blends were investigated through animal experiment and haematological evaluations were carried out on the fed animals.The results gave the optimal extracts blends of 48 g/100 g of F.capensis and 52 g/100 g of J.secunda.Antioxidants showed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazl value of 6464.95±1.97μmol Trolox equivalents/100 g,ferric reducing power(40.13±0.07 mmol Fe2+/100 g),and metal chelating(57.40±0.62%).Physicochemical property showed total dissolved solids value of 6.51±0.11 mg/g,^(*)L(78.35±0.42),^(*)a(3.14±0.09),and ^(*)b(13.57±0.12).Phenolic compounds profile showed the presence of epicatechin(115.63±0.052 mg/100 g),which have been associated with ability to improve healthy-living and lower the risk of some degenerative health issues.The in vivo results showed that developed tea was able to recover up to 95.28%of the packed cell volume,red blood cell(94.78%),and haemoglobin(97.52%),which compared well with the commercial product.The study showed the potential application of F.Capensis and J.Secunda leaves extracts in the formulation of functional beverage.The formulation procedures is scalable and has domestic and industrial applications.The tea blend could serve as a functional food ingredient and beverage to improve human health.
文摘Due to the higher energy requirements of birds during winter, it is predicted that the activities of metabolic enzymes （e.g., citrate synthase, CS and cytochrome C oxidase, COX） should increase in tandem with increases in rates of energy expendi ture （e.g., basal metabolic rate, BMR）. However, there is mixed support for the hypothesis of enzymatic acclimatization. Fur thermore, there is little information about the effect of ambient temperature on energetics and tissue enzyme activity levels in passerines inhabiting seasonal Mediterranean environments. In this study we evaluated the interplay between BMR and enzyme activities of freshly caught individuals of the passerine Zonotrichia capensis in winter and summer in a Mediterranean environment from central Chile, and also in warm （30℃） and cold （15℃） labacclimated birds. The results revealed a lack of seasonal variation in BMR, thermal conductance and in the activity of CS and COX. However, we found higher BMR and lower thermal conductance in coldacclimated than in warmacclimated birds. Also, total CS activity was higher in the flight muscles of coldacclimated than in warmacclimated birds. We found also a significant correlation between BMR and total CS activity in pectoral muscle. Although some authors have suggested that BMR mainly depends on the metabolic intensity and mass of internal organs, our results revealed that skeletal muscles such as the flight muscles may also affect BMR. Finally, differences in the accli mation and acclimatization responses in Rufouscollared sparrows suggest that largescale oscillations in the physical environment might maintain the capacity for flexibility in thermogenic traits through generations .
