Electrochemical capacitors(ECs),mainly including electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs),pseudocapacitors,and hybrid capacitors,represent a crucial category within electrochemical energy storage systems(EESs),compleme...Electrochemical capacitors(ECs),mainly including electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs),pseudocapacitors,and hybrid capacitors,represent a crucial category within electrochemical energy storage systems(EESs),complementing the shortcomings in battery’s power performance[1].They can deliver higher power densities(typically 10-100 kW/kg)and longer cycle life(≥100,000 cycles)than batteries with charge-discharge timescales ranging from seconds to minutes,but pack lower energy densities(typically≤10 Wh/kg).Despite this limitation,an extensive range of technologies benefit from the prominent high-power characteristics.ECs are particularly valuable in various applications that demand rapid energy storage and release,including smart grids,electric vehicles,military equipment,and electronic devices[2].As new applications continually arise,the demand for these highpower devices is anticipated to become more pronounced in the near future。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22125903,22439003,U24A20553,22379144,and 22479128)Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(DICP I202471)the State Key Laboratory of Catalysis(2024SKL-A-001)。
文摘Electrochemical capacitors(ECs),mainly including electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs),pseudocapacitors,and hybrid capacitors,represent a crucial category within electrochemical energy storage systems(EESs),complementing the shortcomings in battery’s power performance[1].They can deliver higher power densities(typically 10-100 kW/kg)and longer cycle life(≥100,000 cycles)than batteries with charge-discharge timescales ranging from seconds to minutes,but pack lower energy densities(typically≤10 Wh/kg).Despite this limitation,an extensive range of technologies benefit from the prominent high-power characteristics.ECs are particularly valuable in various applications that demand rapid energy storage and release,including smart grids,electric vehicles,military equipment,and electronic devices[2].As new applications continually arise,the demand for these highpower devices is anticipated to become more pronounced in the near future。
