The current study was undertaken to evaluate the possibility of producing a human pro-insulin transgenic cow by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer （SCNT）. A double selection system, Neomycin resistance （Neo^r）...The current study was undertaken to evaluate the possibility of producing a human pro-insulin transgenic cow by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer （SCNT）. A double selection system, Neomycin resistance （Neo^r） gene and enhanced green fluorescent protein （EGFP） gene linked through an inner ribosomal entry site （IRES） sequence directed by a Cytomegalovirus （CMV） promoter, was used for enrichment and selection of the transgenic cells and preimplantation embryos. Transgenes were introduced into bovine fetal fibroblast cells （BFF） cultured in vitro through electroporation （900 V/cm, 5 ms）. Transgenic bovine fibroblast cells （TBF） were enriched through addition of G418 in culture medium （800 μg/mL）. Before being used as a nuclear donor, the TBF cells were either cultured in normal conditions （10% FBS） or treated with serum starvation （0.5% FBS for 2-4 days） followed by 10 hours recovery for G1 phase synchronization. Transgenic cloned embryos were produced through GFP-expressing cell selection and SCNT. The results were the percentage of blastocyst development following SCNT was lower using TBF than BFF cells （23.2% VS 35.2%, P 〈 0.05）. No difference in the percentage of cloned blastocysts between the two groups of transgenic nuclear donor of normal and starvation cultures were observed （23.2% VS 18.9%, P 〉 0.05）. Two to four GFP-expressing blastocysts were transferred into the uterus of each synchronised recipient. One pregnancy from of seven recipients （21 embryos） was confirmed by rectum palpation 60 days after embryo transfer and one recipient has given birth to a calf at term. PCR and DNA sequencing analysis confirmed that the calf was produced using human proinsulin transgenic animal.展开更多
Calf spleen extract(CSE) has been clinically used as an adjuvant agent in malignant tumor therapy.It can improve the physical status of patients.However,its mechanism of action remains relatively unclear.In this study...Calf spleen extract(CSE) has been clinically used as an adjuvant agent in malignant tumor therapy.It can improve the physical status of patients.However,its mechanism of action remains relatively unclear.In this study,we investigated the effect of CSE on leucopenia in mice and on promyelocytic leukemia cells(HL60).CSE in 10 mL/kg(2.5 mg bioactive polypeptides and 190μg ribose/mL) significantly increased leukocyte numbers in leucopenia mice.The effect on neutrophil numbers,among all leukocytes,was the most evident.CSE stimulated the proliferation of bone marrow cells in vitro and decreased the GM-CSF level in serum.In addition,CSE significantly reduced the viability of HL60 cells,decreased the production of lactate and adenosine triphosphate(ATP) of these cells.CSE induced the apoptosis and S-phase arrest in HL60 cells.In conclusion,CSE can enhance leukocyte numbers,which may be attributed to its direct stimulatory effect on bone marrow cells.CSE is an inhibitor of promyelocytic leukemia cell viability,which may be attributed to the induction of the apoptosis,the arrest of cell cycle and the inhibition of the glycolysis of cells.展开更多
目的 探讨亚洲人骨质疏松自我筛查工具(osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asians,OSTA)和小腿围对老年肌少症的筛查价值。方法 采用横断面研究,纳入2021年1月至2023年12月在南京医科大学附属老年医院(江苏省老年病医院)老年医学...目的 探讨亚洲人骨质疏松自我筛查工具(osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asians,OSTA)和小腿围对老年肌少症的筛查价值。方法 采用横断面研究,纳入2021年1月至2023年12月在南京医科大学附属老年医院(江苏省老年病医院)老年医学科长期随访管理的60~99岁患者950例,收集其一般临床资料,计算OSTA指数,评估肌少症。采用独立样本的非参数检验、受试者工作特征曲线、总符合率和Kappa值进行统计分析。结果 (1)本研究对象肌少症患病率:男性为35.50%,女性为33.86%。80~99岁组肌少症比例显著高于60~79岁组(P<0.001),且OSTA指数、小腿围、四肢骨骼肌指数、握力、步速均更低(P<0.001);(2) OSTA高风险组肌少症患病率:男性为81.18%,女性为53.95%。小腿围低于界值组患病率:男性为64.20%,女性为55.77%;(3) 60~79岁组OSTA指数的AUC高于小腿围(男性:0.929 vs 0.885;女性:0.863 vs 0.856),在80~99岁组中优势更明显(男性:0.906 vs 0.816;女性:0.839 vs 0.816)。小腿围最佳筛查阈值:男性为33.5 cm,女性为32.5 cm。80~99岁组中小腿围的AUC低于60~79岁组(男性:0.816 vs 0.885;女性:0.816 vs 0.856);(4)各组OSTA指数的肌少症筛查总符合率(77.78%~85.88%)及Kappa值(0.460~0.648)均高于小腿围(72.22%~84.18%,Kappa=0.378~0.597)。(5)两者联合筛查时,串联法符合率提升至82.05%~91.53%(Kappa=0.524~0.734),并联法敏感度达0.952~0.982。结论OSTA指数对高龄老年肌少症筛查效能优于小腿围,两者联合使用可进一步提升符合率。展开更多
Calves are the reserve forces for dairy cattle. Scientific rearing strategy of calves is the basis of efficient cattle breeding. However, many problems exist in current rearing systems of calves and restrict the susta...Calves are the reserve forces for dairy cattle. Scientific rearing strategy of calves is the basis of efficient cattle breeding. However, many problems exist in current rearing systems of calves and restrict the sustainable development of dairy cattle in China. The absence of basic research is the most highlighted problem among them. Recent researches on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood biochemical indices and rumen development in calves were summarized in this paper. Additionally, the optimal levels of energy and protein in milk replacer and starter diets for calves were indicated, and limiting amino acids for calves fed different diets were discussed. A variety of additives, such as acidifiers, probiotics and polysaccharides, are regarded as promising alternatives to antibiotics to reduce disease in calves. Dietary supplementations of these additives have positive effects on growth and health of calves. However, studies on the nutrition of vitamins and minerals in calves have been seldom done, and deserve our further researches. To sum up, the postnatal period is one of the most critical “windows” for rumen manipulation and epigenetic regulation. Any changes from environments, especially early nutrition, may produce long-term effects on growth, health and milk yields in adult cattle.展开更多
Background: Marbling, or intramuscular fat, is an important factor contributing to the palatability of beef. Vitamin A, through its active metabolite, retinoic acid, promotes the formation of new fat cells(adipogenesi...Background: Marbling, or intramuscular fat, is an important factor contributing to the palatability of beef. Vitamin A, through its active metabolite, retinoic acid, promotes the formation of new fat cells(adipogenesis). As intramuscular adipogenesis is active during the neonatal stage, we hypothesized that vitamin A administration during the neonatal stage would enhance intramuscular adipogenesis and marbling.Methods: Angus steer calves(n = 30), in a completely randomized design, were randomly allotted to three treatment groups at birth, receiving 0, 150,000, or 300,000 IU of vitamin A at both birth and one month of age.A biopsy of the biceps femoris muscle was collected at two months of age. After weaning at 210 d of age, steers were fed a backgrounding diet in a feedlot until 308 d of age, when they were transitioned to a high concentrate finishing diet and implanted with trenbolone/estradiol/tylosin mixture. Steers were harvested at an average of 438 d of age. All diets were formulated to meet nutrient requirements.Results: Weaning weight and weight during the backgrounding phase were linearly increased(P < 0.05) by vitamin A level, though no difference in body weight was observed at harvest. Intramuscular fat of steers at 308 d of age, measured by ultrasound, quadratically increased(P < 0.05) with vitamin A level from 4.0±0.26 % to 4.9±0.26 %.Similarly, carcass marbling score in the ribeye quadratically increased(P < 0.05).Conclusion: Administration of vitamin A at birth increased weaning weight and enhanced marbling fat development.Thus, vitamin A administration provides a practical method for increasing marbling and early growth of beef cattle.展开更多
Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether low calf circumference(CC) could predict nutritional risk and the cutoff values of CC for predicting nutritional risk in hospitalized patients aged ≥ 80 years....Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether low calf circumference(CC) could predict nutritional risk and the cutoff values of CC for predicting nutritional risk in hospitalized patients aged ≥ 80 years.Methods A total of 1,234 consecutive patients aged ≥ 80 years were enrolled in this study.On admission, demographic data, CC, and laboratory parameters were obtained.Patients with Nutritional Risk Screening 2002(NRS-2002) total score ≥ 3 were considered as having nutritional risk.Results CC values were significantly lower in patients with nutritional risk compared to those in patients without nutritional risk [27.00(24.50-31.00) vs.31.00(29.00-33.50], P < 0.001].CC was negatively correlated with age and nutritional risk scores.Logistic regression analysis of nutritional risk revealed that body mass index, albumin level, hemoglobin level, cerebral infarction, neoplasms, and CC(OR, 0.897;95% confidence interval, 0.856-0.941;P < 0.001) were independent impact factors of nutritional risk.Nutritional risk scores increased with a decrease in CC.In men, the best CC cutoff value for predicting nutritional risk according to the NRS-2002 was 29.75 cm.In women, the cutoff value was 28.25 cm.Conclusion CC is a simple, noninvasive, and valid anthropometric measure to predict nutritional risk for hospitalized patients aged ≥ 80 years.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the associations of sarcopenia,handgrip strength and calf circumference with cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults.Methods Totally 2,525 older adults were recruited from the Healthy Agi...Objective To evaluate the associations of sarcopenia,handgrip strength and calf circumference with cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults.Methods Totally 2,525 older adults were recruited from the Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study.Cognitive impairment was assessed by the Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination.Handgrip strength was calculated from the means of the right and left hand values.Calf circumference was measured at the site of maximum circumference of the non-dominant leg.The formula developed by Ishii was used to define sarcopenia.Multiple logistic regression was performed to evaluate the associations of sarcopenia,handgrip strength,and calf circumference with cognitive impairment.Results The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 34.36%.The adjusted odds ratio(OR)for cognitive impairment in individuals with sarcopenia was 2.55[95% confidence interval(95%CI):1.86-3.50].Compared with individuals in the first quartile(Q1)of calf circumference,the adjusted ORs in the second,third,and fourth quartiles(Q_(2),Q_(3),and Q_(4))were 0.75(95% CI:0.58-0.96),0.59(95% CI:0.44-0.79),and 0.62(95% CI:0.45-0.8),respectively.Compared with individuals in Q1 of handgrip strength,the adjusted ORs for Q_(2),Q_(3),and Q_(4) were 0.49(95%CI:0.38-0.62),0.31(95% CI:0.23-0.41),and 0.30(95%CI:0.21-0.44),respectively.Conclusion Sarcopenia,identified by low handgrip strength and low calf circumference,was positively associated with cognitive impairment.展开更多
文摘The current study was undertaken to evaluate the possibility of producing a human pro-insulin transgenic cow by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer （SCNT）. A double selection system, Neomycin resistance （Neo^r） gene and enhanced green fluorescent protein （EGFP） gene linked through an inner ribosomal entry site （IRES） sequence directed by a Cytomegalovirus （CMV） promoter, was used for enrichment and selection of the transgenic cells and preimplantation embryos. Transgenes were introduced into bovine fetal fibroblast cells （BFF） cultured in vitro through electroporation （900 V/cm, 5 ms）. Transgenic bovine fibroblast cells （TBF） were enriched through addition of G418 in culture medium （800 μg/mL）. Before being used as a nuclear donor, the TBF cells were either cultured in normal conditions （10% FBS） or treated with serum starvation （0.5% FBS for 2-4 days） followed by 10 hours recovery for G1 phase synchronization. Transgenic cloned embryos were produced through GFP-expressing cell selection and SCNT. The results were the percentage of blastocyst development following SCNT was lower using TBF than BFF cells （23.2% VS 35.2%, P 〈 0.05）. No difference in the percentage of cloned blastocysts between the two groups of transgenic nuclear donor of normal and starvation cultures were observed （23.2% VS 18.9%, P 〉 0.05）. Two to four GFP-expressing blastocysts were transferred into the uterus of each synchronised recipient. One pregnancy from of seven recipients （21 embryos） was confirmed by rectum palpation 60 days after embryo transfer and one recipient has given birth to a calf at term. PCR and DNA sequencing analysis confirmed that the calf was produced using human proinsulin transgenic animal.
文摘Calf spleen extract(CSE) has been clinically used as an adjuvant agent in malignant tumor therapy.It can improve the physical status of patients.However,its mechanism of action remains relatively unclear.In this study,we investigated the effect of CSE on leucopenia in mice and on promyelocytic leukemia cells(HL60).CSE in 10 mL/kg(2.5 mg bioactive polypeptides and 190μg ribose/mL) significantly increased leukocyte numbers in leucopenia mice.The effect on neutrophil numbers,among all leukocytes,was the most evident.CSE stimulated the proliferation of bone marrow cells in vitro and decreased the GM-CSF level in serum.In addition,CSE significantly reduced the viability of HL60 cells,decreased the production of lactate and adenosine triphosphate(ATP) of these cells.CSE induced the apoptosis and S-phase arrest in HL60 cells.In conclusion,CSE can enhance leukocyte numbers,which may be attributed to its direct stimulatory effect on bone marrow cells.CSE is an inhibitor of promyelocytic leukemia cell viability,which may be attributed to the induction of the apoptosis,the arrest of cell cycle and the inhibition of the glycolysis of cells.
文摘目的 探讨亚洲人骨质疏松自我筛查工具(osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asians,OSTA)和小腿围对老年肌少症的筛查价值。方法 采用横断面研究,纳入2021年1月至2023年12月在南京医科大学附属老年医院(江苏省老年病医院)老年医学科长期随访管理的60~99岁患者950例,收集其一般临床资料,计算OSTA指数,评估肌少症。采用独立样本的非参数检验、受试者工作特征曲线、总符合率和Kappa值进行统计分析。结果 (1)本研究对象肌少症患病率:男性为35.50%,女性为33.86%。80~99岁组肌少症比例显著高于60~79岁组(P<0.001),且OSTA指数、小腿围、四肢骨骼肌指数、握力、步速均更低(P<0.001);(2) OSTA高风险组肌少症患病率:男性为81.18%,女性为53.95%。小腿围低于界值组患病率:男性为64.20%,女性为55.77%;(3) 60~79岁组OSTA指数的AUC高于小腿围(男性:0.929 vs 0.885;女性:0.863 vs 0.856),在80~99岁组中优势更明显(男性:0.906 vs 0.816;女性:0.839 vs 0.816)。小腿围最佳筛查阈值:男性为33.5 cm,女性为32.5 cm。80~99岁组中小腿围的AUC低于60~79岁组(男性:0.816 vs 0.885;女性:0.816 vs 0.856);(4)各组OSTA指数的肌少症筛查总符合率(77.78%~85.88%)及Kappa值(0.460~0.648)均高于小腿围(72.22%~84.18%,Kappa=0.378~0.597)。(5)两者联合筛查时,串联法符合率提升至82.05%~91.53%(Kappa=0.524~0.734),并联法敏感度达0.952~0.982。结论OSTA指数对高龄老年肌少症筛查效能优于小腿围,两者联合使用可进一步提升符合率。
基金funded by the Collaborative Innovation Task of the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program in Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution of CAAS
文摘Calves are the reserve forces for dairy cattle. Scientific rearing strategy of calves is the basis of efficient cattle breeding. However, many problems exist in current rearing systems of calves and restrict the sustainable development of dairy cattle in China. The absence of basic research is the most highlighted problem among them. Recent researches on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood biochemical indices and rumen development in calves were summarized in this paper. Additionally, the optimal levels of energy and protein in milk replacer and starter diets for calves were indicated, and limiting amino acids for calves fed different diets were discussed. A variety of additives, such as acidifiers, probiotics and polysaccharides, are regarded as promising alternatives to antibiotics to reduce disease in calves. Dietary supplementations of these additives have positive effects on growth and health of calves. However, studies on the nutrition of vitamins and minerals in calves have been seldom done, and deserve our further researches. To sum up, the postnatal period is one of the most critical “windows” for rumen manipulation and epigenetic regulation. Any changes from environments, especially early nutrition, may produce long-term effects on growth, health and milk yields in adult cattle.
基金supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants no.2015–67015-23219 and 2016–68006-24634 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture
文摘Background: Marbling, or intramuscular fat, is an important factor contributing to the palatability of beef. Vitamin A, through its active metabolite, retinoic acid, promotes the formation of new fat cells(adipogenesis). As intramuscular adipogenesis is active during the neonatal stage, we hypothesized that vitamin A administration during the neonatal stage would enhance intramuscular adipogenesis and marbling.Methods: Angus steer calves(n = 30), in a completely randomized design, were randomly allotted to three treatment groups at birth, receiving 0, 150,000, or 300,000 IU of vitamin A at both birth and one month of age.A biopsy of the biceps femoris muscle was collected at two months of age. After weaning at 210 d of age, steers were fed a backgrounding diet in a feedlot until 308 d of age, when they were transitioned to a high concentrate finishing diet and implanted with trenbolone/estradiol/tylosin mixture. Steers were harvested at an average of 438 d of age. All diets were formulated to meet nutrient requirements.Results: Weaning weight and weight during the backgrounding phase were linearly increased(P < 0.05) by vitamin A level, though no difference in body weight was observed at harvest. Intramuscular fat of steers at 308 d of age, measured by ultrasound, quadratically increased(P < 0.05) with vitamin A level from 4.0±0.26 % to 4.9±0.26 %.Similarly, carcass marbling score in the ribeye quadratically increased(P < 0.05).Conclusion: Administration of vitamin A at birth increased weaning weight and enhanced marbling fat development.Thus, vitamin A administration provides a practical method for increasing marbling and early growth of beef cattle.
文摘Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether low calf circumference(CC) could predict nutritional risk and the cutoff values of CC for predicting nutritional risk in hospitalized patients aged ≥ 80 years.Methods A total of 1,234 consecutive patients aged ≥ 80 years were enrolled in this study.On admission, demographic data, CC, and laboratory parameters were obtained.Patients with Nutritional Risk Screening 2002(NRS-2002) total score ≥ 3 were considered as having nutritional risk.Results CC values were significantly lower in patients with nutritional risk compared to those in patients without nutritional risk [27.00(24.50-31.00) vs.31.00(29.00-33.50], P < 0.001].CC was negatively correlated with age and nutritional risk scores.Logistic regression analysis of nutritional risk revealed that body mass index, albumin level, hemoglobin level, cerebral infarction, neoplasms, and CC(OR, 0.897;95% confidence interval, 0.856-0.941;P < 0.001) were independent impact factors of nutritional risk.Nutritional risk scores increased with a decrease in CC.In men, the best CC cutoff value for predicting nutritional risk according to the NRS-2002 was 29.75 cm.In women, the cutoff value was 28.25 cm.Conclusion CC is a simple, noninvasive, and valid anthropometric measure to predict nutritional risk for hospitalized patients aged ≥ 80 years.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[82025030,81941023,81872707,81273160 and 81573247]National Science and Technology Planning Project[2018YFC2000300]NIH/NIA P30AG028716。
文摘Objective To evaluate the associations of sarcopenia,handgrip strength and calf circumference with cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults.Methods Totally 2,525 older adults were recruited from the Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study.Cognitive impairment was assessed by the Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination.Handgrip strength was calculated from the means of the right and left hand values.Calf circumference was measured at the site of maximum circumference of the non-dominant leg.The formula developed by Ishii was used to define sarcopenia.Multiple logistic regression was performed to evaluate the associations of sarcopenia,handgrip strength,and calf circumference with cognitive impairment.Results The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 34.36%.The adjusted odds ratio(OR)for cognitive impairment in individuals with sarcopenia was 2.55[95% confidence interval(95%CI):1.86-3.50].Compared with individuals in the first quartile(Q1)of calf circumference,the adjusted ORs in the second,third,and fourth quartiles(Q_(2),Q_(3),and Q_(4))were 0.75(95% CI:0.58-0.96),0.59(95% CI:0.44-0.79),and 0.62(95% CI:0.45-0.8),respectively.Compared with individuals in Q1 of handgrip strength,the adjusted ORs for Q_(2),Q_(3),and Q_(4) were 0.49(95%CI:0.38-0.62),0.31(95% CI:0.23-0.41),and 0.30(95%CI:0.21-0.44),respectively.Conclusion Sarcopenia,identified by low handgrip strength and low calf circumference,was positively associated with cognitive impairment.
