Calcium (Ca^(2+)) is a key intracellular messenger involved in a variety of cellular functions.Intracellular Ca^(2+)dysregulation drives neuron cell death in multiple degenerative diseases and traumatic conditions.Ret...Calcium (Ca^(2+)) is a key intracellular messenger involved in a variety of cellular functions.Intracellular Ca^(2+)dysregulation drives neuron cell death in multiple degenerative diseases and traumatic conditions.Retinal ganglion cell(RGC) degeneration occurs in blinding diseases such as glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.展开更多
Rationale:This case report describes a couple with recurrent fertilization failure despite undergoing multiple cycles of intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).The principal clinical concern was suspected oocyte activ...Rationale:This case report describes a couple with recurrent fertilization failure despite undergoing multiple cycles of intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).The principal clinical concern was suspected oocyte activation deficiency(OAD),in which fertilization is impeded due to the oocyte’s inability to initiate embryogenesis,commonly attributed to inadequate intracellular calcium(Ca^(2+))release following sperm injection.Patient concerns:The couple repeatedly experienced complete or near-complete fertilization failure in previous ICSI cycles,raising suspicion of an underlying oocyte activation defect.Diagnosis:Based on the repeated absence of fertilization post-ICSI and clinical history,a diagnosis of suspected OAD leading to recurrent ICSI fertilization failure was considered.Interventions:Artificial oocyte activation(AOA)using the calcium ionophore A23187 was performed.After ICSI,unfertilized oocytes were exposed to the ionophore to induce Ca^(2+)influx,simulating physiological calcium oscillations essential for oocyte activation.The efficacy of intervention was evaluated through subsequent embryonic development,morphological grading,and chromosomal integrity.Outcomes:Following AOA treatment,successful oocyte activation occurred,resulting in the formation of high-grade embryos with normal developmental progression.Chromosomal analysis revealed no detectable abnormalities,indicating genomic stability.Lessons:Calcium ionophore–mediated AOA may serve as an effective adjunct in cases of recurrent ICSI failure attributed to OAD.This case highlights the importance of individualized therapeutic strategies in assisted reproduction;however,further research is needed to refine protocols,validate broader clinical efficacy,and assess long-term safety,including potential epigenetic risks.展开更多
Stromal interaction molecules(STIM)s are Ca^(2+)sensors in internal Ca^(2+)stores of the endoplasmic reticulum.They activate the store-operated Ca^(2+)channels,which are the main source of Ca^(2+)entry in non-excitabl...Stromal interaction molecules(STIM)s are Ca^(2+)sensors in internal Ca^(2+)stores of the endoplasmic reticulum.They activate the store-operated Ca^(2+)channels,which are the main source of Ca^(2+)entry in non-excitable cells.Moreover,STIM proteins interact with other Ca^(2+)channel subunits and active transporters,making STIMs an important intermediate molecule in orchestrating a wide variety of Ca^(2+)influxes into excitable cells.Nevertheless,little is known about the role of STIM proteins in brain functioning.Being involved in many signaling pathways,STIMs replenish internal Ca^(2+)stores in neurons and mediate synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability.Ca^(2+)dyshomeostasis is a signature of many pathological conditions of the brain,including neurodegenerative diseases,injuries,stroke,and epilepsy.STIMs play a role in these disturbances not only by supporting abnormal store-operated Ca^(2+)entry but also by regulating Ca^(2+)influx through other channels.Here,we review the present knowledge of STIMs in neurons and their involvement in brain pathology.展开更多
Bay-site carboxyl functionalized perylene diimide derivative 1,7-COOH-PDI-C_(12)(PDI-COOH)was synthesized and distinct enhanced fluorescence was observed through combining with calcium ion(Ca^(2+))in THF/H_(2)O soluti...Bay-site carboxyl functionalized perylene diimide derivative 1,7-COOH-PDI-C_(12)(PDI-COOH)was synthesized and distinct enhanced fluorescence was observed through combining with calcium ion(Ca^(2+))in THF/H_(2)O solution.The assembly and fluorescence behavior of PDI-COOH/Ca^(2+)were studied in detail by changing hydration state with different concentrations.Based on the differences in assembly morphology and stoichiometric ratios of PDICOOH/Ca^(2+),we proposed the fluorescence emission mechanism of PDI-COOH/Ca^(2+)in THF/H_(2)O and THF,respectively.This work reveals a novel strategy of aggregated state fluorescence enhancement and reminds us of the important role of water in molecular fluorescence emission and assembly.展开更多
Guided bone regeneration in the alveolar bone relies on the colonization and differentiation of immune cells within the defect area.The absence of osteoinductive and osteoimmune properties of currently available scaff...Guided bone regeneration in the alveolar bone relies on the colonization and differentiation of immune cells within the defect area.The absence of osteoinductive and osteoimmune properties of currently available scaffolds hinders to achieve optimal repair outcomes in clinical settings.Thus,we aimed to enhance the bone repair ability of polycaprolactone(PCL)scaffolds by incorporating osteoinductive amorphous calcium phosphate(ACP)with immune-regulating zinc ions(ACP(Zn),ACZP),to create a favorable immunomodulatory microenvironment.After one day of co-culture with PCL-ACZP,the spreading area of macrophage cells was significantly higher than that from the original PCL scaffold.Additionally,over 32.1%of macrophages exhibited M2 polarization within three days of co-culture.The PCLACZP/macrophage-conditioned medium significantly boosted osteogenic gene expression in MC3T3-E1 cells.After eight weeks of implantation in a rat femoral condyle defect,the BV/TV from the PCL-ACZP group reached 32.9%,1.4 times of that from the PCL group.Furthermore,the PCL-ACZP-GelMA biphasic module as prepared successfully achieved complete regeneration of three-walled alveolar bone defects in rabbits,resulting in arch-shaped alveolar bone repair and providing greater convenience in the clinical settings.This study showcased the effectiveness of PCL-ACZP-GelMA biphasic module as bioactive scaffolds in the morphological restoration of alveolar bone.展开更多
Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common but potentially devastating disease characterized at onset patho-physiologically by premature activation of digestive enzymes within the pancreas.Despite an abundance of preclinical r...Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common but potentially devastating disease characterized at onset patho-physiologically by premature activation of digestive enzymes within the pancreas.Despite an abundance of preclinical research and,until recently,a series of disappointing clinical trials,no specific disease mod-ifying pharmacological treatment has yet been approved for this condition.Recent novel approaches to understanding the molecular pathogenesis of AP provide us with renewed optimism for translational drug discovery.Although digestive enzyme activation is the hallmark of AP,a critical mechanism that initiates AP is intracellular calcium(Ca2+)overload in pancreatic parenchymal cells,which triggers mitochondrial dysfunction,endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress,and impairs autophagic flux.These processes are piv-otal to the disease and present a range of drug targets,associated with the inflammatory responses that drive local and systemic inflammation in AP.Progress in translation has now been made,targeting the ORAI channel with the inhibitor zegocractin(Auxora)to reduce pancreatic injury and inflammatory re-sponses in human AP.Herein we evaluated potential drug targets for the early treatment of AP,focused on intra-acinar mechanisms of injury central to the onset and severity of AP.Our analysis highlights the opportunities and progress in translating these molecular insights into clinical therapies.展开更多
Magnesium alloy is a promising biodegradable metal material for hard tissue engineering.However,its high corrosion rate limits its application.In our previous study,we biomimetically deposited a calcium carbonate coat...Magnesium alloy is a promising biodegradable metal material for hard tissue engineering.However,its high corrosion rate limits its application.In our previous study,we biomimetically deposited a calcium carbonate coating on the surface of magnesium alloy using siloxane induction.This calcium carbonate coating demonstrated excellent in vitro biocompatibility and provided partial protection for the magnesium alloy substrate.In this study,we further enhanced the corrosion resistance of the calcium carbonate coating by treating it with stearic acid and its derivative,sodium stearate.Electrochemical corrosion tests revealed that the sodium stearate-treated calcium carbonate coating reduced the corrosion rate by two orders of magnitude.Additionally,in vitro biocompatibility assessments showed that while the biocompatibility of the sodium stearate-treated coating was slightly reduced,it remained acceptable compared to the magnesium substrate.This study builds on our previous work and offers a promising reinforcement strategy for degradable magnesium alloys in medical applications.展开更多
The N-terminal EF-hand calcium-binding proteins 1–3(NECAB1–3) constitute a family of predominantly neuronal proteins characterized by the presence of at least one EF-hand calcium-binding domain and a functionally le...The N-terminal EF-hand calcium-binding proteins 1–3(NECAB1–3) constitute a family of predominantly neuronal proteins characterized by the presence of at least one EF-hand calcium-binding domain and a functionally less well characterized C-terminal antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain. All three family members were initially discovered due to their interactions with other proteins. NECAB1 associates with synaptotagmin-1, a critical neuronal protein involved in membrane trafficking and synaptic vesicle exocytosis. NECAB2 interacts with predominantly striatal G-protein-coupled receptors, while NECAB3 partners with amyloid-β A4 precursor protein-binding family A members 2 and 3, key regulators of amyloid-β production. This demonstrates the capacity of the family for interactions with various classes of proteins. NECAB proteins exhibit distinct subcellular localizations: NECAB1 is found in the nucleus and cytosol, NECAB2 resides in endosomes and the plasma membrane, and NECAB3 is present in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain, an evolutionarily ancient component, is akin to atypical heme oxygenases in prokaryotes but is not wellcharacterized in vertebrates. Prokaryotic antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domains typically form dimers, suggesting that calcium-mediated conformational changes in NECAB proteins may induce antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain dimerization, potentially activating some enzymatic properties. However, the substrate for this enzymatic activity remains uncertain. Alternatively, calcium-mediated conformational changes might influence protein interactions or the subcellular localization of NECAB proteins by controlling the availability of protein–protein interaction domains situated between the EF hands and the antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain. This review summarizes what is known about genomic organization, tissue expression, intracellular localization, interaction partners, and the physiological and pathophysiological role of the NECAB family.展开更多
Calcium ferrite(CF)is recognized as a potential green and efficient functional material because of its advantages of magnetism,electrochemistry,catalysis,and biocompatibility in the fields of materials chemistry,envir...Calcium ferrite(CF)is recognized as a potential green and efficient functional material because of its advantages of magnetism,electrochemistry,catalysis,and biocompatibility in the fields of materials chemistry,environmental engineering,and biomedicine.There-fore,the obtained research results need to be systematically summarized,and new perspectives on CF and its composite materials need to be analyzed.Based on the presented studies of CF and its composite materials,the types and structures of the crystal are summarized.In addition,the current application technologies and theoretical mechanisms with various properties in different fields are elucidated.Moreover,the various preparation methods of CF and its composite materials are elaborated in detail.Most importantly,the advantages and disadvantages of the synthesis methods of CF and its composite materials are discussed,and the existing problems and emerging challenges in practical production are identified.Furthermore,the key future research directions of CF and its composite materials have been prospected from the potential application technologies to provide references for its synthesis and efficient utilization.展开更多
The central nervous system, information integration center of the body, is mainly composed of neurons and glial cells. The neuron is one of the most basic and important structural and functional units of the central n...The central nervous system, information integration center of the body, is mainly composed of neurons and glial cells. The neuron is one of the most basic and important structural and functional units of the central nervous system, with sensory stimulation and excitation conduction functions. Astrocytes and microglia belong to the glial cell family, which is the main source of cytokines and represents the main defense system of the central nervous system. Nerve cells undergo neurotransmission or gliotransmission, which regulates neuronal activity via the ion channels, receptors, or transporters expressed on nerve cell membranes. Ion channels, composed of large transmembrane proteins, play crucial roles in maintaining nerve cell homeostasis. These channels are also important for control of the membrane potential and in the secretion of neurotransmitters. A variety of cellular functions and life activities, including functional regulation of the central nervous system, the generation and conduction of nerve excitation, the occurrence of receptor potential, heart pulsation, smooth muscle peristalsis, skeletal muscle contraction, and hormone secretion, are closely related to ion channels associated with passive transmembrane transport. Two types of ion channels in the central nervous system, potassium channels and calcium channels, are closely related to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. Accordingly, various drugs that can affect these ion channels have been explored deeply to provide new directions for the treatment of these neurological disorders. In this review, we focus on the functions of potassium and calcium ion channels in different nerve cells and their involvement in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression, epilepsy, autism, and rare disorders. We also describe several clinical drugs that target potassium or calcium channels in nerve cells and could be used to treat these disorders. We concluded that there are few clinical drugs that can improve the pathology these diseases by acting on potassium or calcium ions. Although a few novel ion-channelspecific modulators have been discovered, meaningful therapies have largely not yet been realized. The lack of target-specific drugs, their requirement to cross the blood–brain barrier, and their exact underlying mechanisms all need further attention. This review aims to explain the urgent problems that need research progress and provide comprehensive information aiming to arouse the research community's interest in the development of ion channel-targeting drugs and the identification of new therapeutic targets for that can increase the cure rate of nervous system diseases and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions in other systems.展开更多
A simplified CaO-V_(2)O_(5)-MnO_(2) system was established to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the transformation behavior of vanadates.The results demonstrated dynamic transformations between calcium vana...A simplified CaO-V_(2)O_(5)-MnO_(2) system was established to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the transformation behavior of vanadates.The results demonstrated dynamic transformations between calcium vanadate and manganese vanadate as n(CaO)/n(V_(2)O_(5))/n(MnO_(2))ratios and roasting temperatures varied.When MnO_(2) was incrementally added with n(CaO)/n(V_(2)O_(5))of 2,some Ca_(2)V_(2)O_(7) converted to Mn_(2)V_(2)O_(7).The mass of vanadium as calcium vanadate consistently exceeded that as manganese vanadate.Conversely,when CaO was gradually added with n(MnO_(2))/n(V_(2)O_(5))of 2,Mn_(2)V_(2)O_(7) tended to transform into Ca_(2)V_(2)O_(7) and Ca3V2O8.The affinity of vanadium for calcium was higher compared that of vanadium for manganese.The specific type of calcium vanadate formed depended on both n(CaO)/n(V_(2)O_(5))/n(MnO_(2))values and roasting temperatures,while manganese vanadate remained predominantly as Mn_(2)V_(2)O_(7).The influence of roasting temperature on the conversion between calcium vanadate and manganese vanadate was minimal.At n(CaO)/n(V_(2)O_(5))/n(MnO_(2))of 2/1/2 and temperatures ranging from 650 to 850°C,the mass ratio of vanadium present as calcium vanadate to manganese vanadate stabilized at approximately 2.展开更多
Filtration is a prevalent treatment modality in the domain of wastewater management.Depending on the materials and properties of the filtration media,filtration can be classified into four main categories:microfiltrat...Filtration is a prevalent treatment modality in the domain of wastewater management.Depending on the materials and properties of the filtration media,filtration can be classified into four main categories:microfiltration,ultrafiltration,nanofiltration,and reverse osmosis.The present study focuses on the preparation of a novel porous CaCO_(3)microfiltration membrane,which is based on the microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation(MICP)biomineralization process.Initially,CaCO_(3) crystal particles with urease activity are prepared by controlling the MICP mineralization process.Secondary microbial mineralization is used to cement the loose calcium carbonate particles,forming a continuous porous solid CaCO_(3)membrane with certain mechanical strength.Filtration tests on bacterial cells,extracellular proteins,and polysaccharides show that the MICP-driven porous CaCO_(3) membrane effectively removes Escherichia coli,Brachybacterium sp.,and activated sludge,with removal rates of 99.998%,99.983%,and 99.996%,respectively.Compared to conventional filter paper,this porous CaCO_(3) membrane demonstrates superior capability in removing extracellular polymers(EPS).Furthermore,the CaCO_(3) microfiltration membrane prepared using the MICP process also exhibits ideal pore space,non-blocking characteristics,and high permeability.展开更多
Calcium ions(Ca^(2+))and manganese ions(Mn^(2+))are essential for sustaining life activities and are key monitoring indicators in drinking water.Developing highly sensitive,selective,and portable detection methods for...Calcium ions(Ca^(2+))and manganese ions(Mn^(2+))are essential for sustaining life activities and are key monitoring indicators in drinking water.Developing highly sensitive,selective,and portable detection methods for Ca^(2+)and Mn^(2+)is significant for water quality monitoring and human health.In this paper,blue fluorescent Ti3C2 MXene-based quantum dots(MQDs,λ_(em)=445 nm)are prepared using Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene as the precursor.Through the chelation effect of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA),a blue and red dual-emission fluorescent probe,MQDs-EDTA-Eu^(3+)-DPA,was constructed.Herein,dipicolinic acid(DPA)acts as an absorbing ligand and significantly enhances the red fluorescence of europium ions(Eu^(3+))at 616 nm through the“antenna effect”.The blue fluorescence of MQDs serves as an internal reference signal.High concentrations of Ca^(2+)can quench the red fluorescence of Eu^(3+)-DPA;Mn^(2+)can be excited to emit purple fluorescence at 380 nm after coordinating with DPA,red fluorescence of Eu^(3+)-DPA serves as the internal reference signal.Based on the above two fluorescence intensity changes,ratiometric fluorescence detection methods for Ca^(2+)and Mn^(2+)are established.The fluorescence intensity ratio(IF_(616)/IF_(445))exhibits a linear relationship with Ca^(2+)in the range of 35-120μmol/L,with a detection limit of 5.98μmol/L.The fluorescence intensity ratio(IF_(380)/IF_(616))shows good linearity with Mn^(2+)in the range of 0-14μmol/L,with a detection limit of 28.6 nmol/L.This method was successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of Ca^(2+)and Mn^(2+)in commercially available mineral water(Nongfu Spring,Ganten,and Evergrande),with recovery rates of 80.6%-117%and relative standard deviations(RSD)of 0.76%-4.6%.Additionally,by preparing MQD-based fluorescent test strips,visual detections of Ca^(2+)and Mn^(2+)are achieved.This work demonstrates the application potential of MQDs in the field of visual fluorescence sensing of ions in water quality.展开更多
Al_(2)O_(3)and MgO serve as the primary gangue components in sintered ores,and they are critical for the formation of CaO-Fe_(2)O_(3)-xAl_(2)O_(3)(wt%,C-F-xA)and CaO-Fe_(2)O_(3)-xM gO(wt%,C-F-xM)systems,respectively.I...Al_(2)O_(3)and MgO serve as the primary gangue components in sintered ores,and they are critical for the formation of CaO-Fe_(2)O_(3)-xAl_(2)O_(3)(wt%,C-F-xA)and CaO-Fe_(2)O_(3)-xM gO(wt%,C-F-xM)systems,respectively.In this study,a nonisothermal crystallization thermodynamics behavior of C-F-xA and C-F-xM systems was examined using differential scanning calorimetry,and a phase identification and microstructure analysis for C-F-xA and C-F-xM systems were carried out by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.Results showed that in C-F-2A and C-F-2M systems,the increased cooling rates promoted the precipitation of CaFe_(2)O_(4)(CF)but inhibited the formation of Ca_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5)(C2F).In addition,C-F-2A system exhibited a lower theoretical initial crystallization temperature(1566 K)compared to the C-F system(1578 K).This temperature further decreases to 1554 K and 1528 K in the C-F-4A and C-F-8A systems,respectively.However,in C-F-xM system,the increased MgO content raised the crystallization temperature.This is because that the enhanced precipitation of MF(a spinel phase mainly comprised Fe_(3)O_(4)and MgFe_(2)O_(4))and C2F phases suppressed the CF precipitation reaction.In kinetic calculations,the Ozawa method revealed the apparent activation energies of the C-F-2A and C-F-2M systems.Malek's method revealed that the crystallization process in C-F-2A system initially followed a logarithmic law(lnαor lnα2),later transitioning to a reaction order law((1-α)-1or(1-α)^(-1/2),n=2/3)or the lnα2function of the exponential law.In C-F-2M system,it consistently followed the sequencef(α)=(1-α)^(2)(αis the crystallization conversion rate;n is the Avrami constant;?(α)is the differential equations for the model function of C_(2)F and CF crystallization processes).展开更多
The possible application of magnesium(Mg)in glaucoma surgical treatment has been investigated in our previous work.In this paper,the degradation behavior and biocompatibility of Mg coated with hydroxyapatite(HA)and di...The possible application of magnesium(Mg)in glaucoma surgical treatment has been investigated in our previous work.In this paper,the degradation behavior and biocompatibility of Mg coated with hydroxyapatite(HA)and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate(DCPD)in eye environment were evaluated,and uncoated Mg was used for comparison.It was found that uniform corrosion occurred macroscopically to the coated Mg samples in sodium lactate ringer’s injection(SLRI)as well as in the rabbit eyes.In micro-scale,the corrosion was characterized by local cracking and pitting primarily.Mg and calcium(Ca)were incorporated into the surface corrosion products and a multi-layer structure was formed.Compared to other samples,HA-coated Mg slowed down dramatically the alkalinity of the solution and the ion release of the sample,and exhibited the lowest corrosion rate in SLRI,which was about 0.22 mm/a.In terms of biocompatibility,fibroblasts demonstrated high viability in the HA-coated and DCPD-coated Mg groups(p<0.05)in vitro.In vivo,HA-coated Mg was found to show lower inflammatory response and fibrosis than the other groups did,as indicated by hematoxylin-eosin and immunofluorescence staining.During the degrading process of HA-coated Mg in the rabbits’eyes,no inflammation was found in the anterior chamber,lens,and vitreous body.HA-coated Mg was fully biodegraded fifteen weeks post-operation,and the scleral drainage channel(SDC)was formed without obvious scarring.It is concluded that HA-coated Mg implantation is a promising adjunctive procedure to improve the success rate of trabeculectomy.Statement of significance:Magnesium(Mg)has shown to be a potential biomaterial for ophthalmic implants in our previous work.However,inflammatory response resulted from the low corrosion resistance of Mg is a major concern.It is shown here that Mg coated with different calcium phosphates can improve these properties in varying degrees and keep the scleral drainage channel unobstructed and unscarred.Based on our in vitro and in vivo studies,HA-coated Mg exhibited a better degradation behavior and excellent biocompatibility.The scleral drainage channel still exists and aqueous humor flows out smoothly after the full degradation of the implant.It is concluded that HA-coated Mg is a promising biomaterial to increase the therapeutic efficiency of trabeculectomy for glaucoma.展开更多
Objective:Several therapeutic modalities for the prevention of calcium oxalate(CaOx)stones have been studied,but only a select few of these modalities have been incorporated into the American Urological Association gu...Objective:Several therapeutic modalities for the prevention of calcium oxalate(CaOx)stones have been studied,but only a select few of these modalities have been incorporated into the American Urological Association guidelines.Our study aimed to organize and interrogate existing research that may be promising for CaOx prevention.Methods:A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and Embase from inception to November 16,2022.Our study population included adults with or without a history of CaOx kidney stones.Studies in which patients were treated with pharmacotherapies,herbal supplements,or uncategorized research chemicals that are not included in the current American Urological Association guidelines for preventing CaOx stones were included.Nonoriginal research was excluded.Results:Out of the 6155 identified articles,38 were included in the final analysis.The five distinct categories of interventions for stone prevention were“medications”,“herbal supplements”,“food and macronutrients”,“micronutrients”,and“enzymes and probiotics”.Modalities that were found to reduce known urinary risk factors were tolvaptan,cranberry juice,magnesium citrate,oxalate-degrading enzyme ALLN-177,and malic acid.Prophylaxis that reduced stone formation were sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors,eicosapentaenoic acid,ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-disphosphonate.Therapies that reduced urinary risk factors and stone formation were Phyllanthus niruri,rice bran,and magnesium hydroxide.Conclusion:Several of the identified therapies may provide prophylactic benefits for CaOx stone formation and may be useful for inclusion in guidelines for kidney stone prevention.展开更多
Stemming from the high costs and environmental pollution associated with the use of sodium sulfide in the separation and extraction processes of molybdenum bismuth ore,calcium hypochlorite was introduced as a substitu...Stemming from the high costs and environmental pollution associated with the use of sodium sulfide in the separation and extraction processes of molybdenum bismuth ore,calcium hypochlorite was introduced as a substitute to facilitate the cleaner production of low-grade molybdenum bismuth ore in this study.The effects of calcium hypochlorite on molybdenite,bismuthinite,and pyrite were investigated through micro-flotation,flotation kinetics,batch flotation,Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectra,scanning electron microscopy energy dispersion spectra(SEM-EDS),and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectra(ICP-OES).The flotation tests results showed that calcium hypochlorite could selectively depress bismuthinite and pyrite.In comparison to sodium sulfide,calcium hypochlorite not only improved the flotation indicators for molybdenum and bismuth concentrates but also reduced the dosage of flotation reagents.Moreover,the chemical oxygen demand(COD)of tailings wastewater significantly decreased when using calcium hypochlorite as a depressant.Mechanism research revealed that the use of calcium hypochlorite as a depressant led to BiOCl precipitation on bismuthinite,which hindered the attachment of the collector.In summary,calcium hypochlorite serves as a more efficient and environmentally friendly depressant compared to sodium sulfide in the industrial production processes of low-grade molybdenum bismuth ore.展开更多
Background:Cadmium(Cd)exposure disrupts bone microstructure and elevates osteoporosis risk,warranting innovative functional food development to alleviate its toxic effects.This study evaluated the protective effects o...Background:Cadmium(Cd)exposure disrupts bone microstructure and elevates osteoporosis risk,warranting innovative functional food development to alleviate its toxic effects.This study evaluated the protective effects of calcium(Ca)and chlorogenic acid(CGA)against Cd-induced bone damage,intestinal injury,and gut microbiota dysbiosis in rats.Methods:Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to four groups:control(Con),Cd-exposed(Cd),Cd+calcium gluconate(Ca),and Cd+CGA(CGA).Eight weeks after the experiment,histopathological analyses of bone and intestinal tissues,Cd content measurements,and gut microbiota composition assessments were conducted.Concurrently,serum superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity was determined.Results:Cd exposure significantly increased serum SOD levels and bone Cd levels(P<0.05),which was significantly attenuated under Ca and CGA interventions,with CGA showing superior efficacy(P<0.05).Histological analysis revealed Cd-induced trabecular resorption and adipocyte proliferation in bone,which were ameliorated by both interventions.CGA administration significantly improved intestinal morphological parameters(villous height,crypt depth)and reduced Chiu scores(P<0.05),whereas Ca had limited impact.Gut microbiota analysis indicated Cd exposure induced microbial dysbiosis,characterized by elevatedα-diversity indices(Chao1 and Shannon),which Ca partially stabilized by enriching beneficial taxa(e.g.,Lactobacillaceae).Conversely,CGA reduced microbial diversity but enhanced barrier-related metabolic pathways(e.g.,nucleotide biosynthesis).Both Ca and CGA interventions effectively reduced Proteobacteria abundance and partially restored the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes(F/B)ratio,However,genus-level responses diverged significantly:Ca specifically enriched Blautia;CGA,in contrast,promoted Bifidobacterium and Oscillospira.Conclusion:Ca and CGA differentially protect against Cd toxicity.Integrating Ca-fortified foods(via competitive inhibition of Cd absorption)with CGA-rich extracts(via antioxidant activity and microbiota modulation)may provide dual-targeted functional formulations for Cd-exposed populations.展开更多
In plant factory with artificial lighting,precise regulation of environmental and nutritional factors is essential to optimize both growth and quality of leafy vegetables.This study systematically evaluated the combin...In plant factory with artificial lighting,precise regulation of environmental and nutritional factors is essential to optimize both growth and quality of leafy vegetables.This study systematically evaluated the combined effects of light intensity(150,200,250μmol/(m^(2⋅)s))and calciumsupply in the nutrient solution(0.5,1.0,1.5 mmol/L)on lettuce morphology,photosynthesis,quality indices,and tipburn incidence.Elevating light from150 to 200μmol/(m^(2)⋅s)significantly enhanced leaf number,area,photosynthetic rate,biomass,and foliar calcium.These gains plateaued at 250μmol/(m^(2)⋅s),where tipburn incidence surged to 76.5%.Photosynthetic pigments progressively rose with light intensity.Calcium supply showed limited morphological influence but proved critical under high light(250μmol/(m^(2)⋅s)):increasing calcium to 1.5 mmol/L significantly boosted vitamin C and soluble sugars while reducing nitrate accumulation and suppressing tipburn to 12.8%.Elevated calcium also partially compensated for growth and quality limitations under low light through compensatory effects.Results demonstrated light intensity as the dominant factor governing morphogenesis and photosynthetic capacity,these findings establish that coordinated optimization of light and calcium inputs is crucial for simultaneously improving lettuce yield,nutritional quality,and marketability in controlled environments.This study provides both theoretical insights and practical guidance for efficient and safe leafy vegetable cultivation in controlled environments.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a prevalent metabolic disorder.Despite the availability of numerous pharmacotherapies,a range of adverse reactions,including hypoglycemia,gastrointestinal discomfort,and lactic acidosi...Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a prevalent metabolic disorder.Despite the availability of numerous pharmacotherapies,a range of adverse reactions,including hypoglycemia,gastrointestinal discomfort,and lactic acidosis,limits their patient applicability and long-term application.Therefore,it is necessary to screen novel therapeutic drugs for T2DM treatment that have high efficacy but few adverse effects.AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)stands out as one of the most powerful targets for T2DM treatment.It can be activated through energysensing or calcium signaling.Medications that activate AMPK through the energy-sensing mechanism exhibit remarkable potency,but they are accompanied by lactic acidosis,carrying an alarmingly high mortality rate.Interestingly,medications that activate AMPK through calcium signaling,such as gliclazide,seldom induce lactic acidosis.However,the efficacy of gliclazide is much lower than metformin.Therefore,it is necessary to explore targets that activate AMPK via calcium signaling to avoid lactic acidosis while maintaining high potency.Ion channels are the main controller of intracellular calcium flow.Specific agonists and inhibitors targeting ion channels have been reported to activate AMPK.In this review,we will summarize the structure and function of calcium-permeable ion channels and discuss the potential of targeting these calcium channels for T2DM treatment.展开更多
文摘Calcium (Ca^(2+)) is a key intracellular messenger involved in a variety of cellular functions.Intracellular Ca^(2+)dysregulation drives neuron cell death in multiple degenerative diseases and traumatic conditions.Retinal ganglion cell(RGC) degeneration occurs in blinding diseases such as glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.
文摘Rationale:This case report describes a couple with recurrent fertilization failure despite undergoing multiple cycles of intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).The principal clinical concern was suspected oocyte activation deficiency(OAD),in which fertilization is impeded due to the oocyte’s inability to initiate embryogenesis,commonly attributed to inadequate intracellular calcium(Ca^(2+))release following sperm injection.Patient concerns:The couple repeatedly experienced complete or near-complete fertilization failure in previous ICSI cycles,raising suspicion of an underlying oocyte activation defect.Diagnosis:Based on the repeated absence of fertilization post-ICSI and clinical history,a diagnosis of suspected OAD leading to recurrent ICSI fertilization failure was considered.Interventions:Artificial oocyte activation(AOA)using the calcium ionophore A23187 was performed.After ICSI,unfertilized oocytes were exposed to the ionophore to induce Ca^(2+)influx,simulating physiological calcium oscillations essential for oocyte activation.The efficacy of intervention was evaluated through subsequent embryonic development,morphological grading,and chromosomal integrity.Outcomes:Following AOA treatment,successful oocyte activation occurred,resulting in the formation of high-grade embryos with normal developmental progression.Chromosomal analysis revealed no detectable abnormalities,indicating genomic stability.Lessons:Calcium ionophore–mediated AOA may serve as an effective adjunct in cases of recurrent ICSI failure attributed to OAD.This case highlights the importance of individualized therapeutic strategies in assisted reproduction;however,further research is needed to refine protocols,validate broader clinical efficacy,and assess long-term safety,including potential epigenetic risks.
基金supported by grants from the Russian Science Foundation(23-44-00054)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32261133525).
文摘Stromal interaction molecules(STIM)s are Ca^(2+)sensors in internal Ca^(2+)stores of the endoplasmic reticulum.They activate the store-operated Ca^(2+)channels,which are the main source of Ca^(2+)entry in non-excitable cells.Moreover,STIM proteins interact with other Ca^(2+)channel subunits and active transporters,making STIMs an important intermediate molecule in orchestrating a wide variety of Ca^(2+)influxes into excitable cells.Nevertheless,little is known about the role of STIM proteins in brain functioning.Being involved in many signaling pathways,STIMs replenish internal Ca^(2+)stores in neurons and mediate synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability.Ca^(2+)dyshomeostasis is a signature of many pathological conditions of the brain,including neurodegenerative diseases,injuries,stroke,and epilepsy.STIMs play a role in these disturbances not only by supporting abnormal store-operated Ca^(2+)entry but also by regulating Ca^(2+)influx through other channels.Here,we review the present knowledge of STIMs in neurons and their involvement in brain pathology.
文摘Bay-site carboxyl functionalized perylene diimide derivative 1,7-COOH-PDI-C_(12)(PDI-COOH)was synthesized and distinct enhanced fluorescence was observed through combining with calcium ion(Ca^(2+))in THF/H_(2)O solution.The assembly and fluorescence behavior of PDI-COOH/Ca^(2+)were studied in detail by changing hydration state with different concentrations.Based on the differences in assembly morphology and stoichiometric ratios of PDICOOH/Ca^(2+),we proposed the fluorescence emission mechanism of PDI-COOH/Ca^(2+)in THF/H_(2)O and THF,respectively.This work reveals a novel strategy of aggregated state fluorescence enhancement and reminds us of the important role of water in molecular fluorescence emission and assembly.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82203680 and 52273278)the Natural Scientific Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.2021-MS-176)+1 种基金Shenyang Bureau of Science and Technology(No.RC230527)the Central Guidance Funding for Local Scientific and Techno-logical Development in Liaoning(No.2023JH6/100100029).
文摘Guided bone regeneration in the alveolar bone relies on the colonization and differentiation of immune cells within the defect area.The absence of osteoinductive and osteoimmune properties of currently available scaffolds hinders to achieve optimal repair outcomes in clinical settings.Thus,we aimed to enhance the bone repair ability of polycaprolactone(PCL)scaffolds by incorporating osteoinductive amorphous calcium phosphate(ACP)with immune-regulating zinc ions(ACP(Zn),ACZP),to create a favorable immunomodulatory microenvironment.After one day of co-culture with PCL-ACZP,the spreading area of macrophage cells was significantly higher than that from the original PCL scaffold.Additionally,over 32.1%of macrophages exhibited M2 polarization within three days of co-culture.The PCLACZP/macrophage-conditioned medium significantly boosted osteogenic gene expression in MC3T3-E1 cells.After eight weeks of implantation in a rat femoral condyle defect,the BV/TV from the PCL-ACZP group reached 32.9%,1.4 times of that from the PCL group.Furthermore,the PCL-ACZP-GelMA biphasic module as prepared successfully achieved complete regeneration of three-walled alveolar bone defects in rabbits,resulting in arch-shaped alveolar bone repair and providing greater convenience in the clinical settings.This study showcased the effectiveness of PCL-ACZP-GelMA biphasic module as bioactive scaffolds in the morphological restoration of alveolar bone.
基金supported by grants from the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(82122010 and 82070659)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-E-003)+1 种基金the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Science(2022-I2M-1-004)an NIHR Senior Investigator Award。
文摘Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common but potentially devastating disease characterized at onset patho-physiologically by premature activation of digestive enzymes within the pancreas.Despite an abundance of preclinical research and,until recently,a series of disappointing clinical trials,no specific disease mod-ifying pharmacological treatment has yet been approved for this condition.Recent novel approaches to understanding the molecular pathogenesis of AP provide us with renewed optimism for translational drug discovery.Although digestive enzyme activation is the hallmark of AP,a critical mechanism that initiates AP is intracellular calcium(Ca2+)overload in pancreatic parenchymal cells,which triggers mitochondrial dysfunction,endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress,and impairs autophagic flux.These processes are piv-otal to the disease and present a range of drug targets,associated with the inflammatory responses that drive local and systemic inflammation in AP.Progress in translation has now been made,targeting the ORAI channel with the inhibitor zegocractin(Auxora)to reduce pancreatic injury and inflammatory re-sponses in human AP.Herein we evaluated potential drug targets for the early treatment of AP,focused on intra-acinar mechanisms of injury central to the onset and severity of AP.Our analysis highlights the opportunities and progress in translating these molecular insights into clinical therapies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52205310)the TUA research funding,UmeåUniversity/Region Västerbotten,Sweden(RV-937838)+1 种基金the Kempe foundation(JCSMK22-0122)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021QE263).
文摘Magnesium alloy is a promising biodegradable metal material for hard tissue engineering.However,its high corrosion rate limits its application.In our previous study,we biomimetically deposited a calcium carbonate coating on the surface of magnesium alloy using siloxane induction.This calcium carbonate coating demonstrated excellent in vitro biocompatibility and provided partial protection for the magnesium alloy substrate.In this study,we further enhanced the corrosion resistance of the calcium carbonate coating by treating it with stearic acid and its derivative,sodium stearate.Electrochemical corrosion tests revealed that the sodium stearate-treated calcium carbonate coating reduced the corrosion rate by two orders of magnitude.Additionally,in vitro biocompatibility assessments showed that while the biocompatibility of the sodium stearate-treated coating was slightly reduced,it remained acceptable compared to the magnesium substrate.This study builds on our previous work and offers a promising reinforcement strategy for degradable magnesium alloys in medical applications.
基金supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (ME1922/14-1) to AM。
文摘The N-terminal EF-hand calcium-binding proteins 1–3(NECAB1–3) constitute a family of predominantly neuronal proteins characterized by the presence of at least one EF-hand calcium-binding domain and a functionally less well characterized C-terminal antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain. All three family members were initially discovered due to their interactions with other proteins. NECAB1 associates with synaptotagmin-1, a critical neuronal protein involved in membrane trafficking and synaptic vesicle exocytosis. NECAB2 interacts with predominantly striatal G-protein-coupled receptors, while NECAB3 partners with amyloid-β A4 precursor protein-binding family A members 2 and 3, key regulators of amyloid-β production. This demonstrates the capacity of the family for interactions with various classes of proteins. NECAB proteins exhibit distinct subcellular localizations: NECAB1 is found in the nucleus and cytosol, NECAB2 resides in endosomes and the plasma membrane, and NECAB3 is present in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain, an evolutionarily ancient component, is akin to atypical heme oxygenases in prokaryotes but is not wellcharacterized in vertebrates. Prokaryotic antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domains typically form dimers, suggesting that calcium-mediated conformational changes in NECAB proteins may induce antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain dimerization, potentially activating some enzymatic properties. However, the substrate for this enzymatic activity remains uncertain. Alternatively, calcium-mediated conformational changes might influence protein interactions or the subcellular localization of NECAB proteins by controlling the availability of protein–protein interaction domains situated between the EF hands and the antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain. This review summarizes what is known about genomic organization, tissue expression, intracellular localization, interaction partners, and the physiological and pathophysiological role of the NECAB family.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51574105)the Science and Technology Program of Hebei Province,China(No.23564101D)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(No.E2021209147)the Key Research Project of North China University of Science and Technology(No.ZD-ST-202308)the Postgraduate Innovation Funding Project of Hebei Province,China(No.CXZZBS2024135).
文摘Calcium ferrite(CF)is recognized as a potential green and efficient functional material because of its advantages of magnetism,electrochemistry,catalysis,and biocompatibility in the fields of materials chemistry,environmental engineering,and biomedicine.There-fore,the obtained research results need to be systematically summarized,and new perspectives on CF and its composite materials need to be analyzed.Based on the presented studies of CF and its composite materials,the types and structures of the crystal are summarized.In addition,the current application technologies and theoretical mechanisms with various properties in different fields are elucidated.Moreover,the various preparation methods of CF and its composite materials are elaborated in detail.Most importantly,the advantages and disadvantages of the synthesis methods of CF and its composite materials are discussed,and the existing problems and emerging challenges in practical production are identified.Furthermore,the key future research directions of CF and its composite materials have been prospected from the potential application technologies to provide references for its synthesis and efficient utilization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81901098(to TC),82201668(to HL)Fujian Provincial Health Technology Project,No.2021QNA072(to HL)。
文摘The central nervous system, information integration center of the body, is mainly composed of neurons and glial cells. The neuron is one of the most basic and important structural and functional units of the central nervous system, with sensory stimulation and excitation conduction functions. Astrocytes and microglia belong to the glial cell family, which is the main source of cytokines and represents the main defense system of the central nervous system. Nerve cells undergo neurotransmission or gliotransmission, which regulates neuronal activity via the ion channels, receptors, or transporters expressed on nerve cell membranes. Ion channels, composed of large transmembrane proteins, play crucial roles in maintaining nerve cell homeostasis. These channels are also important for control of the membrane potential and in the secretion of neurotransmitters. A variety of cellular functions and life activities, including functional regulation of the central nervous system, the generation and conduction of nerve excitation, the occurrence of receptor potential, heart pulsation, smooth muscle peristalsis, skeletal muscle contraction, and hormone secretion, are closely related to ion channels associated with passive transmembrane transport. Two types of ion channels in the central nervous system, potassium channels and calcium channels, are closely related to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. Accordingly, various drugs that can affect these ion channels have been explored deeply to provide new directions for the treatment of these neurological disorders. In this review, we focus on the functions of potassium and calcium ion channels in different nerve cells and their involvement in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression, epilepsy, autism, and rare disorders. We also describe several clinical drugs that target potassium or calcium channels in nerve cells and could be used to treat these disorders. We concluded that there are few clinical drugs that can improve the pathology these diseases by acting on potassium or calcium ions. Although a few novel ion-channelspecific modulators have been discovered, meaningful therapies have largely not yet been realized. The lack of target-specific drugs, their requirement to cross the blood–brain barrier, and their exact underlying mechanisms all need further attention. This review aims to explain the urgent problems that need research progress and provide comprehensive information aiming to arouse the research community's interest in the development of ion channel-targeting drugs and the identification of new therapeutic targets for that can increase the cure rate of nervous system diseases and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions in other systems.
基金finally supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52204309,52174277,52374300)。
文摘A simplified CaO-V_(2)O_(5)-MnO_(2) system was established to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the transformation behavior of vanadates.The results demonstrated dynamic transformations between calcium vanadate and manganese vanadate as n(CaO)/n(V_(2)O_(5))/n(MnO_(2))ratios and roasting temperatures varied.When MnO_(2) was incrementally added with n(CaO)/n(V_(2)O_(5))of 2,some Ca_(2)V_(2)O_(7) converted to Mn_(2)V_(2)O_(7).The mass of vanadium as calcium vanadate consistently exceeded that as manganese vanadate.Conversely,when CaO was gradually added with n(MnO_(2))/n(V_(2)O_(5))of 2,Mn_(2)V_(2)O_(7) tended to transform into Ca_(2)V_(2)O_(7) and Ca3V2O8.The affinity of vanadium for calcium was higher compared that of vanadium for manganese.The specific type of calcium vanadate formed depended on both n(CaO)/n(V_(2)O_(5))/n(MnO_(2))values and roasting temperatures,while manganese vanadate remained predominantly as Mn_(2)V_(2)O_(7).The influence of roasting temperature on the conversion between calcium vanadate and manganese vanadate was minimal.At n(CaO)/n(V_(2)O_(5))/n(MnO_(2))of 2/1/2 and temperatures ranging from 650 to 850°C,the mass ratio of vanadium present as calcium vanadate to manganese vanadate stabilized at approximately 2.
基金Jiangsu Province Key Project of Research and Development Plan(No.BE2020676)Nantong Science and Technology Project(No.MS22021006)。
文摘Filtration is a prevalent treatment modality in the domain of wastewater management.Depending on the materials and properties of the filtration media,filtration can be classified into four main categories:microfiltration,ultrafiltration,nanofiltration,and reverse osmosis.The present study focuses on the preparation of a novel porous CaCO_(3)microfiltration membrane,which is based on the microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation(MICP)biomineralization process.Initially,CaCO_(3) crystal particles with urease activity are prepared by controlling the MICP mineralization process.Secondary microbial mineralization is used to cement the loose calcium carbonate particles,forming a continuous porous solid CaCO_(3)membrane with certain mechanical strength.Filtration tests on bacterial cells,extracellular proteins,and polysaccharides show that the MICP-driven porous CaCO_(3) membrane effectively removes Escherichia coli,Brachybacterium sp.,and activated sludge,with removal rates of 99.998%,99.983%,and 99.996%,respectively.Compared to conventional filter paper,this porous CaCO_(3) membrane demonstrates superior capability in removing extracellular polymers(EPS).Furthermore,the CaCO_(3) microfiltration membrane prepared using the MICP process also exhibits ideal pore space,non-blocking characteristics,and high permeability.
基金The Tertiary Education Scientific Research Project of the Guangzhou Municipal Education Bureau(2024312227)Innovative and Entrepreneurial Projects of Guangzhou University Students(202411078014)+2 种基金Guangzhou University Open Sharing Fund for Instruments and Equipment(2025)National Major Scientific Research Instrument Development Project(22227804)Sub-subject of the National Key Research Project(2023YFB3210100)。
文摘Calcium ions(Ca^(2+))and manganese ions(Mn^(2+))are essential for sustaining life activities and are key monitoring indicators in drinking water.Developing highly sensitive,selective,and portable detection methods for Ca^(2+)and Mn^(2+)is significant for water quality monitoring and human health.In this paper,blue fluorescent Ti3C2 MXene-based quantum dots(MQDs,λ_(em)=445 nm)are prepared using Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene as the precursor.Through the chelation effect of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA),a blue and red dual-emission fluorescent probe,MQDs-EDTA-Eu^(3+)-DPA,was constructed.Herein,dipicolinic acid(DPA)acts as an absorbing ligand and significantly enhances the red fluorescence of europium ions(Eu^(3+))at 616 nm through the“antenna effect”.The blue fluorescence of MQDs serves as an internal reference signal.High concentrations of Ca^(2+)can quench the red fluorescence of Eu^(3+)-DPA;Mn^(2+)can be excited to emit purple fluorescence at 380 nm after coordinating with DPA,red fluorescence of Eu^(3+)-DPA serves as the internal reference signal.Based on the above two fluorescence intensity changes,ratiometric fluorescence detection methods for Ca^(2+)and Mn^(2+)are established.The fluorescence intensity ratio(IF_(616)/IF_(445))exhibits a linear relationship with Ca^(2+)in the range of 35-120μmol/L,with a detection limit of 5.98μmol/L.The fluorescence intensity ratio(IF_(380)/IF_(616))shows good linearity with Mn^(2+)in the range of 0-14μmol/L,with a detection limit of 28.6 nmol/L.This method was successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of Ca^(2+)and Mn^(2+)in commercially available mineral water(Nongfu Spring,Ganten,and Evergrande),with recovery rates of 80.6%-117%and relative standard deviations(RSD)of 0.76%-4.6%.Additionally,by preparing MQD-based fluorescent test strips,visual detections of Ca^(2+)and Mn^(2+)are achieved.This work demonstrates the application potential of MQDs in the field of visual fluorescence sensing of ions in water quality.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52204331 and 52374315)the Major Industrial Innovation Plan of Anhui Provincial Development and the Reform Commission,China(No.AHZDCYCX-LSDT2023-01)。
文摘Al_(2)O_(3)and MgO serve as the primary gangue components in sintered ores,and they are critical for the formation of CaO-Fe_(2)O_(3)-xAl_(2)O_(3)(wt%,C-F-xA)and CaO-Fe_(2)O_(3)-xM gO(wt%,C-F-xM)systems,respectively.In this study,a nonisothermal crystallization thermodynamics behavior of C-F-xA and C-F-xM systems was examined using differential scanning calorimetry,and a phase identification and microstructure analysis for C-F-xA and C-F-xM systems were carried out by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.Results showed that in C-F-2A and C-F-2M systems,the increased cooling rates promoted the precipitation of CaFe_(2)O_(4)(CF)but inhibited the formation of Ca_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5)(C2F).In addition,C-F-2A system exhibited a lower theoretical initial crystallization temperature(1566 K)compared to the C-F system(1578 K).This temperature further decreases to 1554 K and 1528 K in the C-F-4A and C-F-8A systems,respectively.However,in C-F-xM system,the increased MgO content raised the crystallization temperature.This is because that the enhanced precipitation of MF(a spinel phase mainly comprised Fe_(3)O_(4)and MgFe_(2)O_(4))and C2F phases suppressed the CF precipitation reaction.In kinetic calculations,the Ozawa method revealed the apparent activation energies of the C-F-2A and C-F-2M systems.Malek's method revealed that the crystallization process in C-F-2A system initially followed a logarithmic law(lnαor lnα2),later transitioning to a reaction order law((1-α)-1or(1-α)^(-1/2),n=2/3)or the lnα2function of the exponential law.In C-F-2M system,it consistently followed the sequencef(α)=(1-α)^(2)(αis the crystallization conversion rate;n is the Avrami constant;?(α)is the differential equations for the model function of C_(2)F and CF crystallization processes).
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(Grant No.csts2018jcyjAX0016)Funded by the Senior Medical Talents Program of Chongqing for Young and Middle-aged.
文摘The possible application of magnesium(Mg)in glaucoma surgical treatment has been investigated in our previous work.In this paper,the degradation behavior and biocompatibility of Mg coated with hydroxyapatite(HA)and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate(DCPD)in eye environment were evaluated,and uncoated Mg was used for comparison.It was found that uniform corrosion occurred macroscopically to the coated Mg samples in sodium lactate ringer’s injection(SLRI)as well as in the rabbit eyes.In micro-scale,the corrosion was characterized by local cracking and pitting primarily.Mg and calcium(Ca)were incorporated into the surface corrosion products and a multi-layer structure was formed.Compared to other samples,HA-coated Mg slowed down dramatically the alkalinity of the solution and the ion release of the sample,and exhibited the lowest corrosion rate in SLRI,which was about 0.22 mm/a.In terms of biocompatibility,fibroblasts demonstrated high viability in the HA-coated and DCPD-coated Mg groups(p<0.05)in vitro.In vivo,HA-coated Mg was found to show lower inflammatory response and fibrosis than the other groups did,as indicated by hematoxylin-eosin and immunofluorescence staining.During the degrading process of HA-coated Mg in the rabbits’eyes,no inflammation was found in the anterior chamber,lens,and vitreous body.HA-coated Mg was fully biodegraded fifteen weeks post-operation,and the scleral drainage channel(SDC)was formed without obvious scarring.It is concluded that HA-coated Mg implantation is a promising adjunctive procedure to improve the success rate of trabeculectomy.Statement of significance:Magnesium(Mg)has shown to be a potential biomaterial for ophthalmic implants in our previous work.However,inflammatory response resulted from the low corrosion resistance of Mg is a major concern.It is shown here that Mg coated with different calcium phosphates can improve these properties in varying degrees and keep the scleral drainage channel unobstructed and unscarred.Based on our in vitro and in vivo studies,HA-coated Mg exhibited a better degradation behavior and excellent biocompatibility.The scleral drainage channel still exists and aqueous humor flows out smoothly after the full degradation of the implant.It is concluded that HA-coated Mg is a promising biomaterial to increase the therapeutic efficiency of trabeculectomy for glaucoma.
文摘Objective:Several therapeutic modalities for the prevention of calcium oxalate(CaOx)stones have been studied,but only a select few of these modalities have been incorporated into the American Urological Association guidelines.Our study aimed to organize and interrogate existing research that may be promising for CaOx prevention.Methods:A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and Embase from inception to November 16,2022.Our study population included adults with or without a history of CaOx kidney stones.Studies in which patients were treated with pharmacotherapies,herbal supplements,or uncategorized research chemicals that are not included in the current American Urological Association guidelines for preventing CaOx stones were included.Nonoriginal research was excluded.Results:Out of the 6155 identified articles,38 were included in the final analysis.The five distinct categories of interventions for stone prevention were“medications”,“herbal supplements”,“food and macronutrients”,“micronutrients”,and“enzymes and probiotics”.Modalities that were found to reduce known urinary risk factors were tolvaptan,cranberry juice,magnesium citrate,oxalate-degrading enzyme ALLN-177,and malic acid.Prophylaxis that reduced stone formation were sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors,eicosapentaenoic acid,ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-disphosphonate.Therapies that reduced urinary risk factors and stone formation were Phyllanthus niruri,rice bran,and magnesium hydroxide.Conclusion:Several of the identified therapies may provide prophylactic benefits for CaOx stone formation and may be useful for inclusion in guidelines for kidney stone prevention.
基金Projects(2022YFC2904504-4,2019YFC0408300)supported by the National Key R&D Program of ChinaProject(HB202302)supported by the Open Foundation of State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control,China+1 种基金Project(51634009)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(B14034)supported by the National“111”Project,China。
文摘Stemming from the high costs and environmental pollution associated with the use of sodium sulfide in the separation and extraction processes of molybdenum bismuth ore,calcium hypochlorite was introduced as a substitute to facilitate the cleaner production of low-grade molybdenum bismuth ore in this study.The effects of calcium hypochlorite on molybdenite,bismuthinite,and pyrite were investigated through micro-flotation,flotation kinetics,batch flotation,Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectra,scanning electron microscopy energy dispersion spectra(SEM-EDS),and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectra(ICP-OES).The flotation tests results showed that calcium hypochlorite could selectively depress bismuthinite and pyrite.In comparison to sodium sulfide,calcium hypochlorite not only improved the flotation indicators for molybdenum and bismuth concentrates but also reduced the dosage of flotation reagents.Moreover,the chemical oxygen demand(COD)of tailings wastewater significantly decreased when using calcium hypochlorite as a depressant.Mechanism research revealed that the use of calcium hypochlorite as a depressant led to BiOCl precipitation on bismuthinite,which hindered the attachment of the collector.In summary,calcium hypochlorite serves as a more efficient and environmentally friendly depressant compared to sodium sulfide in the industrial production processes of low-grade molybdenum bismuth ore.
基金supported by Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)(Qiankeheji-ZK[2021]General 497)Guizhou Health and Wellness Commission Science and Technology Fund Project(2024-247)Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Academic Seedling Program(Guizhou Kehe Academic Seedling[2023]-35),The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Institutional Research Grants(GZEYK[2020-34]).
文摘Background:Cadmium(Cd)exposure disrupts bone microstructure and elevates osteoporosis risk,warranting innovative functional food development to alleviate its toxic effects.This study evaluated the protective effects of calcium(Ca)and chlorogenic acid(CGA)against Cd-induced bone damage,intestinal injury,and gut microbiota dysbiosis in rats.Methods:Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to four groups:control(Con),Cd-exposed(Cd),Cd+calcium gluconate(Ca),and Cd+CGA(CGA).Eight weeks after the experiment,histopathological analyses of bone and intestinal tissues,Cd content measurements,and gut microbiota composition assessments were conducted.Concurrently,serum superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity was determined.Results:Cd exposure significantly increased serum SOD levels and bone Cd levels(P<0.05),which was significantly attenuated under Ca and CGA interventions,with CGA showing superior efficacy(P<0.05).Histological analysis revealed Cd-induced trabecular resorption and adipocyte proliferation in bone,which were ameliorated by both interventions.CGA administration significantly improved intestinal morphological parameters(villous height,crypt depth)and reduced Chiu scores(P<0.05),whereas Ca had limited impact.Gut microbiota analysis indicated Cd exposure induced microbial dysbiosis,characterized by elevatedα-diversity indices(Chao1 and Shannon),which Ca partially stabilized by enriching beneficial taxa(e.g.,Lactobacillaceae).Conversely,CGA reduced microbial diversity but enhanced barrier-related metabolic pathways(e.g.,nucleotide biosynthesis).Both Ca and CGA interventions effectively reduced Proteobacteria abundance and partially restored the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes(F/B)ratio,However,genus-level responses diverged significantly:Ca specifically enriched Blautia;CGA,in contrast,promoted Bifidobacterium and Oscillospira.Conclusion:Ca and CGA differentially protect against Cd toxicity.Integrating Ca-fortified foods(via competitive inhibition of Cd absorption)with CGA-rich extracts(via antioxidant activity and microbiota modulation)may provide dual-targeted functional formulations for Cd-exposed populations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.42307428)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD-2023-87)+3 种基金the Key Laboratory of Desert–Oasis Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation,MOARAF,(project no.xjnkywdzc-2025002-01-03)the National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement of China(KFKT202507)the Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province(project no.2024ZHNY03)the Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,China(project no.2024ZJUGP002).
文摘In plant factory with artificial lighting,precise regulation of environmental and nutritional factors is essential to optimize both growth and quality of leafy vegetables.This study systematically evaluated the combined effects of light intensity(150,200,250μmol/(m^(2⋅)s))and calciumsupply in the nutrient solution(0.5,1.0,1.5 mmol/L)on lettuce morphology,photosynthesis,quality indices,and tipburn incidence.Elevating light from150 to 200μmol/(m^(2)⋅s)significantly enhanced leaf number,area,photosynthetic rate,biomass,and foliar calcium.These gains plateaued at 250μmol/(m^(2)⋅s),where tipburn incidence surged to 76.5%.Photosynthetic pigments progressively rose with light intensity.Calcium supply showed limited morphological influence but proved critical under high light(250μmol/(m^(2)⋅s)):increasing calcium to 1.5 mmol/L significantly boosted vitamin C and soluble sugars while reducing nitrate accumulation and suppressing tipburn to 12.8%.Elevated calcium also partially compensated for growth and quality limitations under low light through compensatory effects.Results demonstrated light intensity as the dominant factor governing morphogenesis and photosynthetic capacity,these findings establish that coordinated optimization of light and calcium inputs is crucial for simultaneously improving lettuce yield,nutritional quality,and marketability in controlled environments.This study provides both theoretical insights and practical guidance for efficient and safe leafy vegetable cultivation in controlled environments.
基金Supported by Calygene Biotechnology Inc.,No.XT[2016]008@。
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a prevalent metabolic disorder.Despite the availability of numerous pharmacotherapies,a range of adverse reactions,including hypoglycemia,gastrointestinal discomfort,and lactic acidosis,limits their patient applicability and long-term application.Therefore,it is necessary to screen novel therapeutic drugs for T2DM treatment that have high efficacy but few adverse effects.AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)stands out as one of the most powerful targets for T2DM treatment.It can be activated through energysensing or calcium signaling.Medications that activate AMPK through the energy-sensing mechanism exhibit remarkable potency,but they are accompanied by lactic acidosis,carrying an alarmingly high mortality rate.Interestingly,medications that activate AMPK through calcium signaling,such as gliclazide,seldom induce lactic acidosis.However,the efficacy of gliclazide is much lower than metformin.Therefore,it is necessary to explore targets that activate AMPK via calcium signaling to avoid lactic acidosis while maintaining high potency.Ion channels are the main controller of intracellular calcium flow.Specific agonists and inhibitors targeting ion channels have been reported to activate AMPK.In this review,we will summarize the structure and function of calcium-permeable ion channels and discuss the potential of targeting these calcium channels for T2DM treatment.
