好题精选。阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。The cafeteria was noisy as I slid into my seat, my lunch box resting unopened on the table. My fingers rested on the lid—inside lay my...好题精选。阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。The cafeteria was noisy as I slid into my seat, my lunch box resting unopened on the table. My fingers rested on the lid—inside lay my grandmother's bamboo chopsticks. A quick look around confirmed my fear: everyone else held forks and knives here.展开更多
High-fat diets affect male reproduction and sexual function.Therefore,we evaluated the effects of prolonged resveratrol administration on the metabolic,sperm,and testicular parameters of rats fed a cafeteria diet.Male...High-fat diets affect male reproduction and sexual function.Therefore,we evaluated the effects of prolonged resveratrol administration on the metabolic,sperm,and testicular parameters of rats fed a cafeteria diet.Male Wistar rats were divided at weaning into control(Cv n=20)and cafeteria(CAF,n=16)groups.At 3 months,half of them were given daily supplementations of resveratrol(C-R,n=10;CAF-R,n=8)at a dosage of 30 mg kg-1 body mass for 2 months.Animals were killed at 5 months of age,and blood,spermatozoa,and testes were collected for further analysis.Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.The CAF diet promoted hyperglycemia(P<0.0001),and treatment with resveratrol reversed this condition(P<0.0001).The CAF diet reduced sperm viability and motility,while resveratrol improved these parameters(F<0.05).Regarding testicular morphology,the height of the seminiferous epithelium was reduced in the CAF group compared with that of the C group(P=0.0007).Spermatogenic cell proliferation was also reduced in the CAF group compared with that of the C group.However,the CAF-R showed an increase in cell proliferation rate compared with that of the untreated CAF group(P=0.0024).Although it did not modify body mass,the consumption of a CAF diet promoted hyperglycemia,adverse testicular morphology remodeling,and abnormal sperm,which were attenuated by treatment with resveratrol,thus suggesting a protective effect of this antioxidant on spermatogenesis.展开更多
Diet plays a major role in the body physiology and metabolism. The quantity, nature and stability of the macronutrients present in the diet have a major impact on the composition of gut microbiota. Gut microbiota play...Diet plays a major role in the body physiology and metabolism. The quantity, nature and stability of the macronutrients present in the diet have a major impact on the composition of gut microbiota. Gut microbiota plays a major role in the body metabolism and leads to obese or lean phenotype. Bacteriodetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria are the major microbes that inhabit in the region of the gut. We made an attempt to study the effects of Cafeteria (CAF) diets and normal chow diets on diet consumption, weight gain, metabolism and composition of gut microbiota in fecal and cecum samples from three weeks old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n = 18/group) using 16S rDNA high throughput sequencing. Results revealed that distinctive diet based phenotypical changes were observed in some of the Cafeteria diet fed rats. Interestingly, some weight gain resistant (WGR) animals in Cafeteria diet fed groups show similar trend like that of control normal chow fed rats. Fecal microbiome analysis indicates that the ratio of Bacteriodetes is higher than the Firmicutes in cecum samples of Cafeteria diet fed rats whereas no significant difference is found in fecal samples of Cafeteria diet fed rats and as well as in control rats. Further analysis of other taxa at the level of family and genus of microbial abundance are also discussed. Our study suggests that contribution of gut microbiota towards obesity is not at the phylum level, and microbiome composition even at the level of species or strain may exert impact on the metabolism of the Cafeteria diet.展开更多
Gut microbiota plays a major role in regulating the host metabolism and immune system. However, the structure of microbiome population is altered constantly by diverse factors including diet and environment. In partic...Gut microbiota plays a major role in regulating the host metabolism and immune system. However, the structure of microbiome population is altered constantly by diverse factors including diet and environment. In particular, the gut microbiome dynamics is influenced by diet composition and their associated metabolites. Many studies in the recent past reported on diet induced dysbiosis in the gut microbiome, the modulating ratio between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes plays a central role in maintaining the microbiome diversity in the gut and their abundance regulates obese conditions. Although there are several reports on gut microbial dysbiosis (Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes) at phylum level but only few of them highlight at the genera level. In the present study, we focused more on the impact of cafeteria diet (CAF) with respect to the gut microbiome richness at the genera level in SD rats. Three weeks old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed with normal chow diet and cafeteria diet (CAF). After 10 weeks, serum, tissue samples (small intestine and cecum), cecum fecal and fecal pellet were collected. Biochemical analysis from serum, Gene expression analysis of pro-inflammatory markers from tissues and microbiome analysis from fecal samples were analysed. CAF diet fed rat in the present study developed obesity with increased body weight, few of them developed the resistance to weight gain (WGR) and these animal shows significantly increased abundance of Bacteriodetes-Prevotella compared to obese animals. This study suggests that detailed research needed to address the contribution of microbiota abundance at the genera level. We further explored the influence of diet induced microbiota changes on immune response;increase in Bacteroidetes leads to increased LPS and this in turn elicit immune reaction in the gut. Moreover, variation in gut microbiota also affects the gut barrier function (Tight junction proteins) and increase metabolic endotoxemia that leads to activation of innate immune system and low-grade inflammation. Further studies on these lines targeting the microbiota changes in the gut at the genera level is warranted to gain more knowledge.展开更多
Because linseed oil may influence maternal and fetal metabolisms, we investigated its role in the modulation of lipid metabolism in cafeteria diet-induced obese rats and their offspring. Female Wistar rats were fed co...Because linseed oil may influence maternal and fetal metabolisms, we investigated its role in the modulation of lipid metabolism in cafeteria diet-induced obese rats and their offspring. Female Wistar rats were fed control or cafeteria food, which were either supplemented or not supplemented with linseed oil （5%） for I month before and during gestation. At parturition, serum and tissue lipids and enzyme activities were analyzed. Cafeteria diet induced adverse metabolic alterations in both mothers and offspring. Linseed oil improved metabolic status. In conclusion, linseed oil displayed health benefits by modulating tissue enzyme activities in both obese mothers and their newborns.展开更多
Recently,museums across China have begun operating cafeterias,and“grabbing a bite at the museum”has become a trend among young people.Whether it's having a 22yuan($3)meal with a combination of meat and vegetable...Recently,museums across China have begun operating cafeterias,and“grabbing a bite at the museum”has become a trend among young people.Whether it's having a 22yuan($3)meal with a combination of meat and vegetables at the Liaoning Provincial Museum in Shenyang,ordering a bowl of beef noodles at the Hubei Provincial Museum in Wuhan,or savoring authentic shaomai(steamed dumplings with a savory meat filling)at the Inner Mongolia Museum in Hohhot,visitors today are no longer satisfied with just“seeing artifacts.”They now consider the canteens must-visit destination in museums.展开更多
Cafeteria diet is known to induce excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS),oxidative stress(OS),and inflammation that could cause metabolic changes and liver diseases.Bergamottin(BGM)is a natural furanocoumarin tha...Cafeteria diet is known to induce excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS),oxidative stress(OS),and inflammation that could cause metabolic changes and liver diseases.Bergamottin(BGM)is a natural furanocoumarin that is known to have various biological activities.The present study,for the first time,assessed the reducing effect of BGM on the development of liver damage in cafeteria diet fed mice.48 male C57BL/6 mice were fed an experimental diets diet for 16 weeks and BGM(0.05 mg/kg and 0.22 mg/kg)was administered for the last four weeks.The serum samples and liver homogenates were assessed for markers of ERS,OS,and inflammation.Also,histopathological analyzes were performed.This study demonstrated that the CAF diet caused metabolic changes,ERS,OS,and inflammation in serum and liver tissue.However,BGM exerts anti-oxidant,anti-ER stress anti-inflammatory effects in CAF-induced liver damage.Therefore,BGM may potentially be a novel therapeutic compound to ameliorate liver damage.展开更多
文摘好题精选。阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。The cafeteria was noisy as I slid into my seat, my lunch box resting unopened on the table. My fingers rested on the lid—inside lay my grandmother's bamboo chopsticks. A quick look around confirmed my fear: everyone else held forks and knives here.
文摘High-fat diets affect male reproduction and sexual function.Therefore,we evaluated the effects of prolonged resveratrol administration on the metabolic,sperm,and testicular parameters of rats fed a cafeteria diet.Male Wistar rats were divided at weaning into control(Cv n=20)and cafeteria(CAF,n=16)groups.At 3 months,half of them were given daily supplementations of resveratrol(C-R,n=10;CAF-R,n=8)at a dosage of 30 mg kg-1 body mass for 2 months.Animals were killed at 5 months of age,and blood,spermatozoa,and testes were collected for further analysis.Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.The CAF diet promoted hyperglycemia(P<0.0001),and treatment with resveratrol reversed this condition(P<0.0001).The CAF diet reduced sperm viability and motility,while resveratrol improved these parameters(F<0.05).Regarding testicular morphology,the height of the seminiferous epithelium was reduced in the CAF group compared with that of the C group(P=0.0007).Spermatogenic cell proliferation was also reduced in the CAF group compared with that of the C group.However,the CAF-R showed an increase in cell proliferation rate compared with that of the untreated CAF group(P=0.0024).Although it did not modify body mass,the consumption of a CAF diet promoted hyperglycemia,adverse testicular morphology remodeling,and abnormal sperm,which were attenuated by treatment with resveratrol,thus suggesting a protective effect of this antioxidant on spermatogenesis.
文摘Diet plays a major role in the body physiology and metabolism. The quantity, nature and stability of the macronutrients present in the diet have a major impact on the composition of gut microbiota. Gut microbiota plays a major role in the body metabolism and leads to obese or lean phenotype. Bacteriodetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria are the major microbes that inhabit in the region of the gut. We made an attempt to study the effects of Cafeteria (CAF) diets and normal chow diets on diet consumption, weight gain, metabolism and composition of gut microbiota in fecal and cecum samples from three weeks old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n = 18/group) using 16S rDNA high throughput sequencing. Results revealed that distinctive diet based phenotypical changes were observed in some of the Cafeteria diet fed rats. Interestingly, some weight gain resistant (WGR) animals in Cafeteria diet fed groups show similar trend like that of control normal chow fed rats. Fecal microbiome analysis indicates that the ratio of Bacteriodetes is higher than the Firmicutes in cecum samples of Cafeteria diet fed rats whereas no significant difference is found in fecal samples of Cafeteria diet fed rats and as well as in control rats. Further analysis of other taxa at the level of family and genus of microbial abundance are also discussed. Our study suggests that contribution of gut microbiota towards obesity is not at the phylum level, and microbiome composition even at the level of species or strain may exert impact on the metabolism of the Cafeteria diet.
文摘Gut microbiota plays a major role in regulating the host metabolism and immune system. However, the structure of microbiome population is altered constantly by diverse factors including diet and environment. In particular, the gut microbiome dynamics is influenced by diet composition and their associated metabolites. Many studies in the recent past reported on diet induced dysbiosis in the gut microbiome, the modulating ratio between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes plays a central role in maintaining the microbiome diversity in the gut and their abundance regulates obese conditions. Although there are several reports on gut microbial dysbiosis (Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes) at phylum level but only few of them highlight at the genera level. In the present study, we focused more on the impact of cafeteria diet (CAF) with respect to the gut microbiome richness at the genera level in SD rats. Three weeks old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed with normal chow diet and cafeteria diet (CAF). After 10 weeks, serum, tissue samples (small intestine and cecum), cecum fecal and fecal pellet were collected. Biochemical analysis from serum, Gene expression analysis of pro-inflammatory markers from tissues and microbiome analysis from fecal samples were analysed. CAF diet fed rat in the present study developed obesity with increased body weight, few of them developed the resistance to weight gain (WGR) and these animal shows significantly increased abundance of Bacteriodetes-Prevotella compared to obese animals. This study suggests that detailed research needed to address the contribution of microbiota abundance at the genera level. We further explored the influence of diet induced microbiota changes on immune response;increase in Bacteroidetes leads to increased LPS and this in turn elicit immune reaction in the gut. Moreover, variation in gut microbiota also affects the gut barrier function (Tight junction proteins) and increase metabolic endotoxemia that leads to activation of innate immune system and low-grade inflammation. Further studies on these lines targeting the microbiota changes in the gut at the genera level is warranted to gain more knowledge.
基金supported by the French Foreign Office(International Research Extension Grant TASSILI 08MDU723)the Algerian Research Project(PNR,2011)
文摘Because linseed oil may influence maternal and fetal metabolisms, we investigated its role in the modulation of lipid metabolism in cafeteria diet-induced obese rats and their offspring. Female Wistar rats were fed control or cafeteria food, which were either supplemented or not supplemented with linseed oil （5%） for I month before and during gestation. At parturition, serum and tissue lipids and enzyme activities were analyzed. Cafeteria diet induced adverse metabolic alterations in both mothers and offspring. Linseed oil improved metabolic status. In conclusion, linseed oil displayed health benefits by modulating tissue enzyme activities in both obese mothers and their newborns.
文摘Recently,museums across China have begun operating cafeterias,and“grabbing a bite at the museum”has become a trend among young people.Whether it's having a 22yuan($3)meal with a combination of meat and vegetables at the Liaoning Provincial Museum in Shenyang,ordering a bowl of beef noodles at the Hubei Provincial Museum in Wuhan,or savoring authentic shaomai(steamed dumplings with a savory meat filling)at the Inner Mongolia Museum in Hohhot,visitors today are no longer satisfied with just“seeing artifacts.”They now consider the canteens must-visit destination in museums.
基金This work was supported by Office of Scientific Research Projects of Karadeniz Technical University under Project number:TDK-2021-9315.
文摘Cafeteria diet is known to induce excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS),oxidative stress(OS),and inflammation that could cause metabolic changes and liver diseases.Bergamottin(BGM)is a natural furanocoumarin that is known to have various biological activities.The present study,for the first time,assessed the reducing effect of BGM on the development of liver damage in cafeteria diet fed mice.48 male C57BL/6 mice were fed an experimental diets diet for 16 weeks and BGM(0.05 mg/kg and 0.22 mg/kg)was administered for the last four weeks.The serum samples and liver homogenates were assessed for markers of ERS,OS,and inflammation.Also,histopathological analyzes were performed.This study demonstrated that the CAF diet caused metabolic changes,ERS,OS,and inflammation in serum and liver tissue.However,BGM exerts anti-oxidant,anti-ER stress anti-inflammatory effects in CAF-induced liver damage.Therefore,BGM may potentially be a novel therapeutic compound to ameliorate liver damage.
