Excessive levels of Fluoride(F−)and Cadmium(Cd)in drinking groundwater may pose health risks.This study assessed the health risks associated with F−and Cd contamination in rural drinking groundwater sources in Wutai C...Excessive levels of Fluoride(F−)and Cadmium(Cd)in drinking groundwater may pose health risks.This study assessed the health risks associated with F−and Cd contamination in rural drinking groundwater sources in Wutai County,Shanxi Province,China,to support population health protection,water resource management,and environmental decision-making.Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed,and a Human Health Risk Model(HHRA)was applied to evaluate groundwater quality.The results showed that both contents of F−and Cd in groundwater exceeded the Class III limits of China's national groundwater quality standard(GB/T 14848—2024).Fluoride levels met the Class V threshold,with enrichment area mainly located in the east part of the study area.Cadmium levels reached Class IV,with elevated concentrations primarily observed in the western and northwestern regions.Correlation analysis revealed that F−showed weak or no correlation with other measured substances,indicating independent sources.Health risk assessment results indicated that F−poses potential health risks to rural residents,while cadmium,due to its relatively low concentrations,does not currently present a significant health risk.Among different demographic groups,the health risk levels of F−exposure followed the order:Infants>children>adult females>adult males.The findings highlight that fluoride is the primary contributor to health risks associated with groundwater consumption in the study area.Strengthened monitoring and prevention of F−contamination are urgently needed.This research provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of fluoride pollution in groundwater and offers practical guidance for safeguarding drinking water safety in rural China.展开更多
China’s lakes are plagued by cadmium(Cd)pollution.Dissolved organic matter(DOM)significantly regulates Cd(II)transport properties at the sediment-water interface.Understanding the effects of different DOM components ...China’s lakes are plagued by cadmium(Cd)pollution.Dissolved organic matter(DOM)significantly regulates Cd(II)transport properties at the sediment-water interface.Understanding the effects of different DOM components on the transportation properties of Cd(II)at the sediment-water interface is essential.In this study,typical DOM from different sources was selected to study Cd(II)mobility at the sediment-water interface.Results showed that terrestrial-derived DOM(fulvic acids,FA)and autochthonous-derived DOM(α-amylase,B1)inhibit Cd(II)sequestration by sediments(42.5%and 5.8%,respectively),while anthropogenic-derived DOM(sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate,SDBS)increased the Cd(II)adsorption capacity by sediments by 2.8%.Fluorescence quenching coupling with parallel factor analysis(EEM-PARAFAC)was used to characterize different DOM components.The results showed that FA contains three kinds of components(C1,C3:protein-like components,C2:humic-like components);SDBS contains two kinds of components(C1,C2:protein-like components);B1 contains three kinds of components(C1,C2:protein-like components,C3:humic-like components).Three complex reaction modelswere used to characterize the ability of Cd(II)complex with DOM,and it was found that the humic-like component could hardly be complex with Cd(II).Accordingly,humic-like components compete for Cd(II)adsorption sites on the sediment surface and inhibit Cd(II)adsorption fromsediments.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)of the sediment surface before and after Cd(II)addition was analyzed and proved the competitive adsorption theory.This study provides a better understanding of the Cd(II)mobilization behavior at the sediment-water interface and indicates that the input of humic-like DOM will increase the bioavailability of Cd.展开更多
‘Lvbao-701’ is a cultivar of Chinese flowering cabbage(Brassica parachinensis) that exhibits low cadmium(Cd) accumulation and high Cd tolerance.In this study, this cultivar was compared with a high-Cd accumulating c...‘Lvbao-701’ is a cultivar of Chinese flowering cabbage(Brassica parachinensis) that exhibits low cadmium(Cd) accumulation and high Cd tolerance.In this study, this cultivar was compared with a high-Cd accumulating cultivar, ‘Chixin-4’, to characterize the mechanisms influencing Cd accumulation in B. parachinensis. Root cell walls were isolated by dissolving the cytoplasm with an organic solvent, and root Cd and phytochelatin(PC) contents were analyzed. In addition, a PC synthase gene fragment was cloned and expressed under Cd stress conditions. The proportions of Cd bound to root cell walls were higher in the ‘Lvbao-701’ plants(68.32%–76.80%) than in the ‘Chixin-4’ plants(35.36%–54.18%) after exposure to Cd stress. The proportions of Cd bound to root cell walls measured using cell walls isolated with a non-destructive method were higher than those obtained using a conventional method that required grinding and centrifugation. Exposure to Cd stress induced the PC production and resulted in higher PC contents in the ‘Lvbao-701’ plants than in the ‘Chixin-4’ plants. Cloning and expression analysis of a B. parachinensis PC synthase cDNA fragment indicated that PC synthase gene expression was induced by Cd and occurred mainly in the roots of both ‘Lvbao-701’ and ‘Chixin-4’ plants. However, the PC synthase gene expression level was higher in the‘Lvbao-701’ roots than in the ‘Chixin-4’ roots. Therefore, a higher abundance of Cd in the root cell walls of ‘Lvbao-701’ and up-regulated PC production in the roots are probably the main reasons why ‘Lvbao-701’ exhibits lower Cd translocation to the shoots and higher tolerance to Cd than ‘Chixin-4’.展开更多
Several studies have demonstrated that reintroducing crop straw to fields may intensify cadmium(Cd)contamination in agricultural soils.However,the specific effects of long-term straw management practices on Cd concent...Several studies have demonstrated that reintroducing crop straw to fields may intensify cadmium(Cd)contamination in agricultural soils.However,the specific effects of long-term straw management practices on Cd concentration and its bioavailability in soil-rice ecosystems remain unclear.In this context,to explore the influence of straw return(SR)and straw removal(NSR)on Cd accumulation in both soil and rice within a double-cropping system,we conducted a four-year field study.Our research study unveiled that NSR consistently decreased soil Cd concentration and its bioavailability by approximately 16.93%–27.30%and 8.23%–21.05%respectively across both study sites.Conversely,SR resulted in a substantial increase in soil Cd bioavailability,ranging from 38.64%–53.95%.Notably,compared to NSR,SR significantly increased total soil Cd by 5.47%–36.58%and increased Cd content in brown rice by 8.00%–100.24%.Remarkably,after four consecutive years of NSR,brown rice Cd concentration at the Changfeng site compiled with national safety standards(GB 2762–2022).Additionally,returning early rice strawsignificantly raised soil Cd bioavailability for the subsequent crop,more so than late rice straw did for the early rice the following year.The findings suggest that traditional double-cropping cultivation with straw removal can effectively mitigate Cd contamination risks in crops and farmland in Hunan Province.展开更多
Objective:Previous studies have demonstrated that the metals cadmium and arsenic exhibit estrogen-like effects and may influence the occurrence and development of gynecological tumors.This study aims to explore the as...Objective:Previous studies have demonstrated that the metals cadmium and arsenic exhibit estrogen-like effects and may influence the occurrence and development of gynecological tumors.This study aims to explore the association between urinary cadmium and arsenic levels and the prevalence of gynecologic cancers using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES).Methods:Data from female participants in NHANES 2003—2018 were analyzed.Using R software,datasets(DEMO,BMX,etc.)were merged,and complete cases were retained by intersecting row names,yielding a total of 2999 participants.After applying strict exclusion criteria,2802 participants were included:83 with gynecologic cancer(cancer group)and 2719 without(control group).Demographic,reproductive health,and urinary cadmium and arsenic data were collected.Binary Logistic regression models were employed to assess associations between urinary cadmium and arsenic levels and gynecologic cancer risk.Results:High urinary cadmium and arsenic levels were risk factors for gynecologic cancers,with odds ratios(ORs)of 1.623(95%CI 1.217 to 2.166)and 1.003(95%CI 1.001 to 1.005),respectively.After propensity score matching(PSM),the trend remained;cadmium was still a statistically significant risk factor with an OR of 2.182(95%CI 1.343 to 3.545),while arsenic’s association,though not statistically significant,still trended toward risk(OR=1.004,95%CI 0.999 to 1.009).Subgroup analyses showed that both cadmium and arsenic were risk factors for ovarian cancer(OR=1.745,95%CI 1.178 to 2.586 and OR=1.005,95%CI 1.002 to 1.008,respectively);these associations persisted after PSM.Additionally,cadmium increased the risk of endometrial cancer(OR=1.617,95%CI 1.109 to 2.356).Conclusion:Exposure to cadmium and arsenic is associated with an increased risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers.These findings suggest that reducing environmental exposure to heavy metals such as cadmium and arsenic may help prevent certain gynecologic cancers.展开更多
Two new transition-metal coordination polymers,{[Cd(oba)(L)_(2)]·H_(2)O}_n(1)and[Cd(4-nph)(L)_(2)]_n(2)(H_(2)oba=4,4'-oxydibenzoic acid,4-H_(2)nph=4-nitrophthalic acid,L=2,2'-biimidazole),were successfull...Two new transition-metal coordination polymers,{[Cd(oba)(L)_(2)]·H_(2)O}_n(1)and[Cd(4-nph)(L)_(2)]_n(2)(H_(2)oba=4,4'-oxydibenzoic acid,4-H_(2)nph=4-nitrophthalic acid,L=2,2'-biimidazole),were successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized structurally by IR spectroscopy,elemental analyses,single-crystal X-ray diffraction,powder X-ray diffraction,and thermogravimetric analysis.The results of single-crystal X-ray diffraction show that complex 1 presents a 1D zigzag chain structure and further extends to a 2D network through N—H…O hydrogen bonds andπ-πstacking interactions.Meanwhile,complex 2 has a zero-dimensional structure and also extends to form a 2D network through N—H…O hydrogen bonds andπ-πstacking interactions.In addition,both 1and 2 exhibited luminescent properties in the solid state.Furthermore,quantum chemical calculations were carried out on the"molecular fragments"extracted from the crystal structures of 1 and 2 using the PBE0/LANL2DZ method constructed by the Gaussian 16 program.The calculated values signify a significant covalent interaction between the coordination atoms and the Cd(Ⅱ)ions.CCDC:2332173,1;2332176,2.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd),a highly toxic heavy metal,represents a major global environmental threat due to its widespread dispersion through anthropogenic activities.Environmental Cd contamination poses significant risks to living ...Cadmium(Cd),a highly toxic heavy metal,represents a major global environmental threat due to its widespread dispersion through anthropogenic activities.Environmental Cd contamination poses significant risks to living organisms,including humans,animals,and plants.Certain plant species have evolved Cd hyperaccumulating capabilities to adapt to high-Cd habitats,playing critical roles in phytoremediation strategies.Here we review the biodiversity and biogeography of Cd hyperaccumulators,the underlying mechanisms of Cd uptake and accumulation,and the ecological impacts of hyperaccumulation.Themajor points are the following:twenty-fourCd hyperaccumulator species have been documented,with shoot Cd concentrations ranging from 170-9000 mg⋅kg−1;core mechanisms involve root uptake by metal transporters(e.g.,heavy-metal ATPases,and natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins),ligand-facilitated translocation via organic acids and phytochelatins,andABCtransporter-mediated vacuolar sequestration.Cd hyperaccumulators exert complex effects on rhizosphere microbiota,herbivores,and neighboring plant communities.Future research priorities should focus on the functional characterization of Cd transporters and regulatory genes,and comprehensive assessments of the ecological consequences of Cd accumulation in plants.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd)is a common environmental heavy metal pollutant known for its toxic effects on various plants and animals.Cd contamination also poses a threat to Pardosa pseudoannulata,a predator in rice paddies.Results in...Cadmium(Cd)is a common environmental heavy metal pollutant known for its toxic effects on various plants and animals.Cd contamination also poses a threat to Pardosa pseudoannulata,a predator in rice paddies.Results indicate that Cd pollution significantly reduced the levels of Metallothionein,phenoloxidase,and Ca^(2+).Furthermore,through metabolomics and 16S rDNA sequencing,alterations in the gut microbiota and immune-related metabolites of P.pseudoannulata were identified.The abundance of harmful bacteria such as Staphylococcus increased significantly,while levels of l-Tyrosine,glutathione disulfide,l-Dopa,among others,decreasedmarkedly.Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant associations between various gut microbes and immune-related metabolites,suggesting that Cd may alter the immune system of P.pseudoannulata by modulating its gut microbiota.展开更多
Due to the discharge of industrialwastewater,urban domestic sewage,and intensive marine aquaculture tailwater,nitrate(NO_(3)^(−))pollution has emerged as a significant issue in offshore waters.Nitrate pollution affect...Due to the discharge of industrialwastewater,urban domestic sewage,and intensive marine aquaculture tailwater,nitrate(NO_(3)^(−))pollution has emerged as a significant issue in offshore waters.Nitrate pollution affects aquatic life and may interact with other pollutants,leading to comprehensive toxicity.Cadmium(Cd^(2+))is the most widespread metal contaminant,adversely affecting aquatic life in the coastal waters of China.Despite this,few studies have focused on the synergistic toxicity of NO_(3)^(−)and Cd^(2+)in marine organisms.This study conducted a 30-day exposure experiment on marine Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)to explore the synergistic toxicity of NO_(3)^(−)and Cd^(2+).Our results demonstrated that the exposure to Cd^(2+)alone induced slight histopathological changes in the liver.However,malformations such as hepatic vacuolar degeneration and sinusoid dilatationwere exacerbated under co-exposure.Moreover,co-exposure induced the downregulation of antioxidants and the upregulation of the product malonaldehyde(MDA)from lipid peroxidation,indicating potent oxidative stress in the liver.The increased mRNA expression of IL-8,TNF-α,and IL-1β,along with the decreased expression level of TGF-β,indicated a synergistic inflammatory response in the organisms.Furthermore,the co-exposure led to an abnormal expression of P53,caspase-3,caspase-9,Bcl-2,and Bax,and disturbed the apoptosis in the liver through TUNEL staining analysis.Overall,our results imply that co-exposure synergistically affects inflammation,redox status,and apoptosis in flounders.Therefore,the findings from this study provide valuable perspectives on the ecological risk assessment of marine teleosts co-exposure to NO_(3)^(−)and Cd^(2+).展开更多
Background:Cadmium(Cd)exposure disrupts bone microstructure and elevates osteoporosis risk,warranting innovative functional food development to alleviate its toxic effects.This study evaluated the protective effects o...Background:Cadmium(Cd)exposure disrupts bone microstructure and elevates osteoporosis risk,warranting innovative functional food development to alleviate its toxic effects.This study evaluated the protective effects of calcium(Ca)and chlorogenic acid(CGA)against Cd-induced bone damage,intestinal injury,and gut microbiota dysbiosis in rats.Methods:Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to four groups:control(Con),Cd-exposed(Cd),Cd+calcium gluconate(Ca),and Cd+CGA(CGA).Eight weeks after the experiment,histopathological analyses of bone and intestinal tissues,Cd content measurements,and gut microbiota composition assessments were conducted.Concurrently,serum superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity was determined.Results:Cd exposure significantly increased serum SOD levels and bone Cd levels(P<0.05),which was significantly attenuated under Ca and CGA interventions,with CGA showing superior efficacy(P<0.05).Histological analysis revealed Cd-induced trabecular resorption and adipocyte proliferation in bone,which were ameliorated by both interventions.CGA administration significantly improved intestinal morphological parameters(villous height,crypt depth)and reduced Chiu scores(P<0.05),whereas Ca had limited impact.Gut microbiota analysis indicated Cd exposure induced microbial dysbiosis,characterized by elevatedα-diversity indices(Chao1 and Shannon),which Ca partially stabilized by enriching beneficial taxa(e.g.,Lactobacillaceae).Conversely,CGA reduced microbial diversity but enhanced barrier-related metabolic pathways(e.g.,nucleotide biosynthesis).Both Ca and CGA interventions effectively reduced Proteobacteria abundance and partially restored the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes(F/B)ratio,However,genus-level responses diverged significantly:Ca specifically enriched Blautia;CGA,in contrast,promoted Bifidobacterium and Oscillospira.Conclusion:Ca and CGA differentially protect against Cd toxicity.Integrating Ca-fortified foods(via competitive inhibition of Cd absorption)with CGA-rich extracts(via antioxidant activity and microbiota modulation)may provide dual-targeted functional formulations for Cd-exposed populations.展开更多
Heavy metal pollution has become a pervasive environmental issue affecting numerous regions worldwide.Recently,there has been significant attention given to the application of nano-enabled technologies with the purpos...Heavy metal pollution has become a pervasive environmental issue affecting numerous regions worldwide.Recently,there has been significant attention given to the application of nano-enabled technologies with the purpose of enhancing plant development and alleviating heavy metal stress.This study aimed to illustrate the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)to enhance the morphological traits of D.huoshenense exposed to cadmium(Cd)stress.The chemical structure and elemental composition of the ZnO-NPs were characterised by a series of analytical methods,including X-ray diffraction,UV-Vis spectrometry,XPS,andTEM.Plant samples usedwere collected at 0,5,and 15 days in order to assess physiological and biochemical parameters under different Cd treatments.ZnONPs administered in pot experiments have been shown to enhance plant proliferation through the modulation of Cd enrichment levels.The results revealed that ZnO-NPs enhanced plant growth by increasing soluble sugars and proline levels,enhancing activities of antioxidant enzymes(SOD,POD,CAT,APX)and reducing electrolyte leakage(EL)and malondialdehyde(MDA)content.Furthermore,ZnO-NPs enhanced the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration,stomatal conductance,and chlorophyll content in leaves subjected to Cd stress at the 10-day sampling stage.Exogenous ZnO-NPs significantly elevated the expression of genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis,potentially facilitating the accumulation of medicinal compounds to mitigate Cd stress.Taken together,these findings provide a novel perspective on the strategies employed by medicinal plants in response to Cd.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd)contamination is amajor environmental stressor that adversely affects crop germination and early development.This study assessed the impact of increasing Cd concentrations(0.125 to 1 g/L)on seed germination...Cadmium(Cd)contamination is amajor environmental stressor that adversely affects crop germination and early development.This study assessed the impact of increasing Cd concentrations(0.125 to 1 g/L)on seed germination and early seedling growth in three bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)cultivars:Achtar,Lina,and Snina.The results revealed a clear dose-dependent inhibitory effect of Cd.Germination percentage(GP)significantly declined with increasing Cd levels,while mean germination time was progressively delayed,particularly at higher concentrations.Vigor index(VI)also showed significant reductions,reflecting compromised seedling establishment.Morphological traits,especially shoot and root lengths,were negatively affected,with root systems exhibiting greater sensitivity.Growth inhibition indices indicated a stronger suppression in roots than in shoots,and tolerance index(TI)values demonstrated clear intervarietal differences,with Achtar displaying the highest tolerance and Lina the greatest susceptibility.Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships among GP,VI,TI,and seedling length,and negative correlations with shoot and root growth inhibition.Principal component analysis further supported these patterns,effectively separating cultivar responses across treatments.Overall,this study highlights the phytotoxic effects of Cd on early wheat development and underscores the role of genetic variability in determining cultivar tolerance to heavy metal stress.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd^(2+))exhibits pronounced phytotoxicity and poses significant risks to human health through bioaccumulation in agricultural products.This study investigates the mitigative effects of foliar-applied nano-moly...Cadmium(Cd^(2+))exhibits pronounced phytotoxicity and poses significant risks to human health through bioaccumulation in agricultural products.This study investigates the mitigative effects of foliar-applied nano-molybdenum particles(MoNPs)on Cd accumulation and growth rates in rice(Oryza sativa).Our findings demonstrate that MoNPs application effectively alleviates Cd-induced root growth suppression and reduces Cd deposition in root cell walls,through MoNPs-mediated attenuation of Cd-induced elevation of pectin content.Through cross-sectional analysis combined with ROS-specific fluorescent probes revealed a spatial pattern of Cd-induced H_(2)O_(2)accumulation,with strongest signals observed in the apoplastic regions of root elongation and maturation zones,with minimal accumulation in meristematic regions.This oxidative burst was significantly mitigated by MoNPs treatment,which enhanced plasma membrane(PM)-localized respiratory burst oxidase homolog(RBOH)activity via transcriptional upregulation of OsRBOH genes.Furthermore,foliar MoNPs application activated the ascorbate–glutathione(ASA-GSH)cycle through selective upregulation of OsAPXs and OsGRs,enhancing cellular capacity for H_(2)O_(2)detoxification.These coordinated mechanisms collectively suggest that MoNPs treatment offers dual protection against Cd toxicity by 1)reducing Cd bioavailability in plant tissues and 2)counteracting Cd-induced oxidative damage,thereby effectively ameliorating root growth inhibition under Cd stress.展开更多
Plant invasion poses a serious environmental challenge to freshwater ecosystems. Heavy metal pollution and nutrient enrichment, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), are two additional critical environmental i...Plant invasion poses a serious environmental challenge to freshwater ecosystems. Heavy metal pollution and nutrient enrichment, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), are two additional critical environmental issues known to influence the growth of invasive plants. Notably, the N/P ratio in the environments is often inconstant;however, whether these variations can cause differential responses in invasive plants remains underexplored, despite its crucial importance for understanding plant invasiveness. In this study, we examined the effects of different N/P ratios (4:1, 16:1, 32:1, 64:1) on the growth of a widespread invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides in cadmium (Cd) polluted water, while maintaining either a constant N concentration (2 mmol L^(−1)) or a constant P concentration (0.5 mmol L^(−1)). Two control treatments were also included: one without Cd, N, or P, and another with Cd but without N or P. The addition of N and P did not mitigate the inhibitory effects of Cd on A. philoxeroides growth nor did it enhance its tolerance. However, under conditions of constant N concentration, the N/P ratio of 4:1 significantly increased both the main stem length and the number of nodes in A. philoxeroides under Cd stress, potentially enhancing its expansion and clonal growth. Our results suggest that A. philoxeroides exhibits greater sensitivity to variations in the N/P ratio when N concentration is held constant, compared to when P concentration is constant in Cd polluted water. This study investigated the effects of varying N/P ratios on invasive plants under Cd pollution, which has been underexplored in previous research. The findings provide an experimental basis for controlling and preventing the spread of invasive plants in freshwater systems polluted with Cd and experiencing eutrophication.展开更多
Cadmium accumulation in seafood has become a major concern for human health.Recently,there has been an increasing focus on the potential risks associated with food-borne fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)that are formed dur...Cadmium accumulation in seafood has become a major concern for human health.Recently,there has been an increasing focus on the potential risks associated with food-borne fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)that are formed during the thermal processing of seafood.The co-occurrence of cadmium and CDs from cooked seafood become a common phenomenon and co-exposure of them to human has been an inevitable route during long-term seafood consuming.In addition,it has been widely recognized that CDs can be used as nanocarriers for metal ion chelation for their transport into organisms,thereby,they could influence the bioavailability of metal ion.While there have been numerous studies on the toxic effects of cadmium or CDs,none have explored the combined toxicity of food-borne CDs from clams(CCDs)and Cd^(2+).In this study,we investigated the single or co-exposure(combined exposure)of Cd^(2+)and CCDs on PC12 cells to investigate the combined toxicity of them.Our analysis of cell viability revealed that CCDs significantly augmented the cytotoxicity induced by Cd^(2+).More in-depth metabolomics and lipidomics investigation indicated that the combined exposure of Cd^(2+)and CCDs led to significant metabolic disorders,causing an antagonistic effect on energy metabolism,and a synergistic effect on amino acids and lipids metabolism.The disturbance in metabolomics and lipidomics was further supported by the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species following co-exposure.These findings provide new evidence that support the enhanced cytotoxicity of Cd^(2+)by the CCDs derived from the thermal processing of clams.This study also declares the necessary that prioritize the investigation of the potential impact of other thermal processing hazards originating from heat-processed foods on the toxicity of heavy metal ions.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd)contamination in agricultural soils poses severe threats to human health and ecosystem integrity.While biochar is recognized for its ability to immobilize heavy metals,the impact of plant-derived low molecu...Cadmium(Cd)contamination in agricultural soils poses severe threats to human health and ecosystem integrity.While biochar is recognized for its ability to immobilize heavy metals,the impact of plant-derived low molecular weight organic acids(LMWOAs),such as citric acid(CA),on this process remains unclear.This study shows that CA and biochar synergistically immobilize Cd in alkaline soil from extensively polluted southeastern Hubei,China.Soils were amended with maize stover biochar at rates of 0,0.5%,1%,and 2%(W/W),with or without CA addition(1 mmol/L),and incubated for 80 days.Results show that biochar significantly reduced bioavailable Cd,with a 2%application decreasing extractable Cd by 26.84%.Unexpectedly,CA alone increased Cd mobility by 9.38%;however,when combined with high-dose biochar,CA and biochar synergistically enhanced Cd immobilization,reducing bioavailable Cd by 27.40%.Advanced analytical techniques,including BCR sequential extraction,X-ray diffraction,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,confirmed that the interaction between biochar and CA altered Cd speciation,promoting its stabilization.This study is the first to show that CA and biochar synergistically immobilize Cd in alkaline soils,disproving the idea that LMWOAs hinder biochar's metal remediation.Our findings show that biochar can prevent or even harness LMWOAs'activating effects on Cd,indicating its great potential for sustainable Cd remediation in alkaline soils.This study improves our understanding of biochar-soil interactions in organic acids and gives new scientific bases for enhancing heavy metal-contaminated soil remediation procedures.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd)and arsenic(As)co-contamination has threatened rice production and food safety.It is challenging to mitigate Cd and As contamination in rice simultaneously due to their opposite geochemical behaviors.Mg-loa...Cadmium(Cd)and arsenic(As)co-contamination has threatened rice production and food safety.It is challenging to mitigate Cd and As contamination in rice simultaneously due to their opposite geochemical behaviors.Mg-loaded biochar with outstanding adsorption capacity for As and Cd was used for the first time to remediate Cd/As contaminated paddy soils.In addition,the effect of zero-valent iron(ZVI)on grain As speciation accumulation in alkaline paddy soils was first investigated.The effect of rice straw biochar(SC),magnesiumloaded rice straw biochar(Mg/SC),and ZVI on concentrations of Cd and As speciation in soil porewater and their accumulation in rice tissueswas investigated in a pot experiment.Addition of SC,Mg/SC and ZVI to soil reduced Cd concentrations in rice grain by 46.1%,90.3%and 100%,and inorganic As(iAs)by 35.4%,33.1%and 29.1%,respectively,and reduced Cd concentrations in porewater by 74.3%,96.5%and 96.2%,respectively.Reductions of 51.6%and 87.7%in porewater iAs concentrationswere observed with Mg/SC and ZVI amendments,but notwith SC.Dimethylarsinic acid(DMA)concentrations in porewater and grain increased by a factor of 4.9 and 3.3,respectively,with ZVI amendment.The three amendments affected grain concentrations of iAs,DMA and Cd mainly by modulating their translocation within plant and the levels of As(Ⅲ),silicon,dissolved organic carbon,iron or Cd in porewater.All three amendments(SC,Mg/SC and ZVI)have the potential to simultaneously mitigate Cd and iAs accumulation in rice grain,although the pathways are different.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd)accumulation in rice grains is a complex quantitative trait.To elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying Cd accumulation,a genome-wide association study(GWAS)was conducted over two years using Ting's ...Cadmium(Cd)accumulation in rice grains is a complex quantitative trait.To elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying Cd accumulation,a genome-wide association study(GWAS)was conducted over two years using Ting's core collection,which consists of 150 rice landraces and more than 5.1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).In this study,a total of 148 SNPs were identified as significantly associated with Cd accumulation in grains.Additionally,six previously cloned genes related to Cd accumulation,i.e.,Os Cd1,Os NRAMP5,Os SRK,Os HMA1,CAL1,and Os PCS2,were detected.Moreover,four novel candidate regions were identified over the two-year period.Based on these findings,a novel gene named Os ABCG2,encoding an ABCG(WBC)transporter localized to the plasma membrane,was selected for further analysis.展开更多
Even in small concentrations,toxic metals like lead,cadmium,and mercury are dangerous to the environment and human health.Environmental monitoring depends on precisely identifying these heavy metals,particularly cadmi...Even in small concentrations,toxic metals like lead,cadmium,and mercury are dangerous to the environment and human health.Environmental monitoring depends on precisely identifying these heavy metals,particularly cadmium ions(Cd(Ⅱ)).In this study,we present a novel screen-printed carbon electrode(SPCE)modified with single crystallineα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nano-hexagons that functions as a sensor for detecting Cd(Ⅱ).The performance of the fabricated sensor was thoroughly assessed and compared with unmodified SPCE using the voltammetric method.The crystalline structure of the synthesizedα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nano-hexagons was confirmed through XRD,and surface analysis revealed an average diameter and thickness of 86 nm and 9 nm,respectively.Theα-Fe_(2)O_(3)modified SPCE yields a 7-fold enhanced response(at pH 5.0 vs.Ag/AgCl)to Cd(Ⅱ)than bare SPCE.The modified electrode effectively detects Cd(Ⅱ)with a linear response range of up to 333.0μmol/L and a detection limit of 0.65 nmol/L under ideal circumstances.This newly fabricated sensor offers significant potential for environmental monitoring applications by providing outstanding practicality,anti-interference ability,and repeatability for detecting Cd(Ⅱ)in water samples.展开更多
Silicon （Si） offers beneficial effect on plants under cadmium （Cd） stress such as promoting plant growth and increasing resistance to heavy metal toxicity. In this study, a pot experiment was performed to study th...Silicon （Si） offers beneficial effect on plants under cadmium （Cd） stress such as promoting plant growth and increasing resistance to heavy metal toxicity. In this study, a pot experiment was performed to study the role of Si in alleviating Cd toxicity in tobacco （Nicotiana tabacurn L.） plants on a yellow soil taken from Guiyang, China. Nine treatments consisting of three concentrations of Cd （0, 1, and 5 mg kg^-1） together with three Si levels （0, 1, and 4 g kg^-1） were established. Plant growth parameters, Cd concentration, and the malondialdehyde （MDA）, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents were determined 100 d after transplanting of tobacco seedlings. Application of exogenous Si enhanced the growth of tobacco plants under Cd stress. When 5 mg kg^-1 Cd was added, Si addition at 1 and 4 g kg^-1 increased root, stem, and leaf biomass by 26.1%-43.3%, 33.7% 43.8%, and 50.8% 69.9%, respectively, compared to $i addition at 0 g kg^-1. With Si application, the transfer factor of Cd in tobacco from root to shoot under both 1 and 5 mg kg^-1 Cd treatments decreased by 21%. The MDA contents in the Si-treated tobacco plants declined by 5.5% 17.1% compared to those in the non-Si-treated plants, indicating a higher Cd tolerance. Silicon application also increased the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents by 33.9% 41% and 25.8%-47.3% compared to the Cd only treatments. Therefore, it could be concluded that Si application can alleviate Cd toxicity to tobacco by decreasing Cd partitioning in the shoots and MDA levels and by increasing chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, thereby contributing to lowering the potential health risks of Cd contamination.展开更多
基金supported by the Northeast Geological Science and Technology Innovation Center of China Geological Survey(Grant NO.QCJJ2022-43)the Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Project(Grant Nos.DD20230470,DD20230508)the National Groundwater Monitoring Network Operation and Maintenance Program(Grant No.DD20251300109).
文摘Excessive levels of Fluoride(F−)and Cadmium(Cd)in drinking groundwater may pose health risks.This study assessed the health risks associated with F−and Cd contamination in rural drinking groundwater sources in Wutai County,Shanxi Province,China,to support population health protection,water resource management,and environmental decision-making.Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed,and a Human Health Risk Model(HHRA)was applied to evaluate groundwater quality.The results showed that both contents of F−and Cd in groundwater exceeded the Class III limits of China's national groundwater quality standard(GB/T 14848—2024).Fluoride levels met the Class V threshold,with enrichment area mainly located in the east part of the study area.Cadmium levels reached Class IV,with elevated concentrations primarily observed in the western and northwestern regions.Correlation analysis revealed that F−showed weak or no correlation with other measured substances,indicating independent sources.Health risk assessment results indicated that F−poses potential health risks to rural residents,while cadmium,due to its relatively low concentrations,does not currently present a significant health risk.Among different demographic groups,the health risk levels of F−exposure followed the order:Infants>children>adult females>adult males.The findings highlight that fluoride is the primary contributor to health risks associated with groundwater consumption in the study area.Strengthened monitoring and prevention of F−contamination are urgently needed.This research provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of fluoride pollution in groundwater and offers practical guidance for safeguarding drinking water safety in rural China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42307524,and 51879103).
文摘China’s lakes are plagued by cadmium(Cd)pollution.Dissolved organic matter(DOM)significantly regulates Cd(II)transport properties at the sediment-water interface.Understanding the effects of different DOM components on the transportation properties of Cd(II)at the sediment-water interface is essential.In this study,typical DOM from different sources was selected to study Cd(II)mobility at the sediment-water interface.Results showed that terrestrial-derived DOM(fulvic acids,FA)and autochthonous-derived DOM(α-amylase,B1)inhibit Cd(II)sequestration by sediments(42.5%and 5.8%,respectively),while anthropogenic-derived DOM(sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate,SDBS)increased the Cd(II)adsorption capacity by sediments by 2.8%.Fluorescence quenching coupling with parallel factor analysis(EEM-PARAFAC)was used to characterize different DOM components.The results showed that FA contains three kinds of components(C1,C3:protein-like components,C2:humic-like components);SDBS contains two kinds of components(C1,C2:protein-like components);B1 contains three kinds of components(C1,C2:protein-like components,C3:humic-like components).Three complex reaction modelswere used to characterize the ability of Cd(II)complex with DOM,and it was found that the humic-like component could hardly be complex with Cd(II).Accordingly,humic-like components compete for Cd(II)adsorption sites on the sediment surface and inhibit Cd(II)adsorption fromsediments.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)of the sediment surface before and after Cd(II)addition was analyzed and proved the competitive adsorption theory.This study provides a better understanding of the Cd(II)mobilization behavior at the sediment-water interface and indicates that the input of humic-like DOM will increase the bioavailability of Cd.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41371308),the Science and Technology Supporting Project of China(No.2015-BAD05B05)the Research Project of the Education Department of Guangdong Province,China(No.2013-CXZDA007).
文摘‘Lvbao-701’ is a cultivar of Chinese flowering cabbage(Brassica parachinensis) that exhibits low cadmium(Cd) accumulation and high Cd tolerance.In this study, this cultivar was compared with a high-Cd accumulating cultivar, ‘Chixin-4’, to characterize the mechanisms influencing Cd accumulation in B. parachinensis. Root cell walls were isolated by dissolving the cytoplasm with an organic solvent, and root Cd and phytochelatin(PC) contents were analyzed. In addition, a PC synthase gene fragment was cloned and expressed under Cd stress conditions. The proportions of Cd bound to root cell walls were higher in the ‘Lvbao-701’ plants(68.32%–76.80%) than in the ‘Chixin-4’ plants(35.36%–54.18%) after exposure to Cd stress. The proportions of Cd bound to root cell walls measured using cell walls isolated with a non-destructive method were higher than those obtained using a conventional method that required grinding and centrifugation. Exposure to Cd stress induced the PC production and resulted in higher PC contents in the ‘Lvbao-701’ plants than in the ‘Chixin-4’ plants. Cloning and expression analysis of a B. parachinensis PC synthase cDNA fragment indicated that PC synthase gene expression was induced by Cd and occurred mainly in the roots of both ‘Lvbao-701’ and ‘Chixin-4’ plants. However, the PC synthase gene expression level was higher in the‘Lvbao-701’ roots than in the ‘Chixin-4’ roots. Therefore, a higher abundance of Cd in the root cell walls of ‘Lvbao-701’ and up-regulated PC production in the roots are probably the main reasons why ‘Lvbao-701’ exhibits lower Cd translocation to the shoots and higher tolerance to Cd than ‘Chixin-4’.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20A20108)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFD1700102)the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province(No.2022NK2014).
文摘Several studies have demonstrated that reintroducing crop straw to fields may intensify cadmium(Cd)contamination in agricultural soils.However,the specific effects of long-term straw management practices on Cd concentration and its bioavailability in soil-rice ecosystems remain unclear.In this context,to explore the influence of straw return(SR)and straw removal(NSR)on Cd accumulation in both soil and rice within a double-cropping system,we conducted a four-year field study.Our research study unveiled that NSR consistently decreased soil Cd concentration and its bioavailability by approximately 16.93%–27.30%and 8.23%–21.05%respectively across both study sites.Conversely,SR resulted in a substantial increase in soil Cd bioavailability,ranging from 38.64%–53.95%.Notably,compared to NSR,SR significantly increased total soil Cd by 5.47%–36.58%and increased Cd content in brown rice by 8.00%–100.24%.Remarkably,after four consecutive years of NSR,brown rice Cd concentration at the Changfeng site compiled with national safety standards(GB 2762–2022).Additionally,returning early rice strawsignificantly raised soil Cd bioavailability for the subsequent crop,more so than late rice straw did for the early rice the following year.The findings suggest that traditional double-cropping cultivation with straw removal can effectively mitigate Cd contamination risks in crops and farmland in Hunan Province.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(2020SK2073).
文摘Objective:Previous studies have demonstrated that the metals cadmium and arsenic exhibit estrogen-like effects and may influence the occurrence and development of gynecological tumors.This study aims to explore the association between urinary cadmium and arsenic levels and the prevalence of gynecologic cancers using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES).Methods:Data from female participants in NHANES 2003—2018 were analyzed.Using R software,datasets(DEMO,BMX,etc.)were merged,and complete cases were retained by intersecting row names,yielding a total of 2999 participants.After applying strict exclusion criteria,2802 participants were included:83 with gynecologic cancer(cancer group)and 2719 without(control group).Demographic,reproductive health,and urinary cadmium and arsenic data were collected.Binary Logistic regression models were employed to assess associations between urinary cadmium and arsenic levels and gynecologic cancer risk.Results:High urinary cadmium and arsenic levels were risk factors for gynecologic cancers,with odds ratios(ORs)of 1.623(95%CI 1.217 to 2.166)and 1.003(95%CI 1.001 to 1.005),respectively.After propensity score matching(PSM),the trend remained;cadmium was still a statistically significant risk factor with an OR of 2.182(95%CI 1.343 to 3.545),while arsenic’s association,though not statistically significant,still trended toward risk(OR=1.004,95%CI 0.999 to 1.009).Subgroup analyses showed that both cadmium and arsenic were risk factors for ovarian cancer(OR=1.745,95%CI 1.178 to 2.586 and OR=1.005,95%CI 1.002 to 1.008,respectively);these associations persisted after PSM.Additionally,cadmium increased the risk of endometrial cancer(OR=1.617,95%CI 1.109 to 2.356).Conclusion:Exposure to cadmium and arsenic is associated with an increased risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers.These findings suggest that reducing environmental exposure to heavy metals such as cadmium and arsenic may help prevent certain gynecologic cancers.
文摘Two new transition-metal coordination polymers,{[Cd(oba)(L)_(2)]·H_(2)O}_n(1)and[Cd(4-nph)(L)_(2)]_n(2)(H_(2)oba=4,4'-oxydibenzoic acid,4-H_(2)nph=4-nitrophthalic acid,L=2,2'-biimidazole),were successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized structurally by IR spectroscopy,elemental analyses,single-crystal X-ray diffraction,powder X-ray diffraction,and thermogravimetric analysis.The results of single-crystal X-ray diffraction show that complex 1 presents a 1D zigzag chain structure and further extends to a 2D network through N—H…O hydrogen bonds andπ-πstacking interactions.Meanwhile,complex 2 has a zero-dimensional structure and also extends to form a 2D network through N—H…O hydrogen bonds andπ-πstacking interactions.In addition,both 1and 2 exhibited luminescent properties in the solid state.Furthermore,quantum chemical calculations were carried out on the"molecular fragments"extracted from the crystal structures of 1 and 2 using the PBE0/LANL2DZ method constructed by the Gaussian 16 program.The calculated values signify a significant covalent interaction between the coordination atoms and the Cd(Ⅱ)ions.CCDC:2332173,1;2332176,2.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Major Program of Hubei Province(2024BBA002)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province,China(No.2023BBB065 and No.2024EBA010).
文摘Cadmium(Cd),a highly toxic heavy metal,represents a major global environmental threat due to its widespread dispersion through anthropogenic activities.Environmental Cd contamination poses significant risks to living organisms,including humans,animals,and plants.Certain plant species have evolved Cd hyperaccumulating capabilities to adapt to high-Cd habitats,playing critical roles in phytoremediation strategies.Here we review the biodiversity and biogeography of Cd hyperaccumulators,the underlying mechanisms of Cd uptake and accumulation,and the ecological impacts of hyperaccumulation.Themajor points are the following:twenty-fourCd hyperaccumulator species have been documented,with shoot Cd concentrations ranging from 170-9000 mg⋅kg−1;core mechanisms involve root uptake by metal transporters(e.g.,heavy-metal ATPases,and natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins),ligand-facilitated translocation via organic acids and phytochelatins,andABCtransporter-mediated vacuolar sequestration.Cd hyperaccumulators exert complex effects on rhizosphere microbiota,herbivores,and neighboring plant communities.Future research priorities should focus on the functional characterization of Cd transporters and regulatory genes,and comprehensive assessments of the ecological consequences of Cd accumulation in plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42277280)the Research Foundation of the Education Bureau of Hunan Province,China(Nos.21A0048 and 22A0059)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(No.2022JJ50168).
文摘Cadmium(Cd)is a common environmental heavy metal pollutant known for its toxic effects on various plants and animals.Cd contamination also poses a threat to Pardosa pseudoannulata,a predator in rice paddies.Results indicate that Cd pollution significantly reduced the levels of Metallothionein,phenoloxidase,and Ca^(2+).Furthermore,through metabolomics and 16S rDNA sequencing,alterations in the gut microbiota and immune-related metabolites of P.pseudoannulata were identified.The abundance of harmful bacteria such as Staphylococcus increased significantly,while levels of l-Tyrosine,glutathione disulfide,l-Dopa,among others,decreasedmarkedly.Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant associations between various gut microbes and immune-related metabolites,suggesting that Cd may alter the immune system of P.pseudoannulata by modulating its gut microbiota.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32202963)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20220681)+3 种基金the Doctoral Program of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Jiangsu Province(No.JSSCBS20221625)the Scientific Research Foundation Program of Jiangsu Ocean University(No.KQ22009)the Undergraduate Innovation&Entrepreneurship Training Program of Jiangsu Province,China(No.SY202411641631001)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX2023-112).
文摘Due to the discharge of industrialwastewater,urban domestic sewage,and intensive marine aquaculture tailwater,nitrate(NO_(3)^(−))pollution has emerged as a significant issue in offshore waters.Nitrate pollution affects aquatic life and may interact with other pollutants,leading to comprehensive toxicity.Cadmium(Cd^(2+))is the most widespread metal contaminant,adversely affecting aquatic life in the coastal waters of China.Despite this,few studies have focused on the synergistic toxicity of NO_(3)^(−)and Cd^(2+)in marine organisms.This study conducted a 30-day exposure experiment on marine Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)to explore the synergistic toxicity of NO_(3)^(−)and Cd^(2+).Our results demonstrated that the exposure to Cd^(2+)alone induced slight histopathological changes in the liver.However,malformations such as hepatic vacuolar degeneration and sinusoid dilatationwere exacerbated under co-exposure.Moreover,co-exposure induced the downregulation of antioxidants and the upregulation of the product malonaldehyde(MDA)from lipid peroxidation,indicating potent oxidative stress in the liver.The increased mRNA expression of IL-8,TNF-α,and IL-1β,along with the decreased expression level of TGF-β,indicated a synergistic inflammatory response in the organisms.Furthermore,the co-exposure led to an abnormal expression of P53,caspase-3,caspase-9,Bcl-2,and Bax,and disturbed the apoptosis in the liver through TUNEL staining analysis.Overall,our results imply that co-exposure synergistically affects inflammation,redox status,and apoptosis in flounders.Therefore,the findings from this study provide valuable perspectives on the ecological risk assessment of marine teleosts co-exposure to NO_(3)^(−)and Cd^(2+).
基金supported by Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)(Qiankeheji-ZK[2021]General 497)Guizhou Health and Wellness Commission Science and Technology Fund Project(2024-247)Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Academic Seedling Program(Guizhou Kehe Academic Seedling[2023]-35),The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Institutional Research Grants(GZEYK[2020-34]).
文摘Background:Cadmium(Cd)exposure disrupts bone microstructure and elevates osteoporosis risk,warranting innovative functional food development to alleviate its toxic effects.This study evaluated the protective effects of calcium(Ca)and chlorogenic acid(CGA)against Cd-induced bone damage,intestinal injury,and gut microbiota dysbiosis in rats.Methods:Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to four groups:control(Con),Cd-exposed(Cd),Cd+calcium gluconate(Ca),and Cd+CGA(CGA).Eight weeks after the experiment,histopathological analyses of bone and intestinal tissues,Cd content measurements,and gut microbiota composition assessments were conducted.Concurrently,serum superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity was determined.Results:Cd exposure significantly increased serum SOD levels and bone Cd levels(P<0.05),which was significantly attenuated under Ca and CGA interventions,with CGA showing superior efficacy(P<0.05).Histological analysis revealed Cd-induced trabecular resorption and adipocyte proliferation in bone,which were ameliorated by both interventions.CGA administration significantly improved intestinal morphological parameters(villous height,crypt depth)and reduced Chiu scores(P<0.05),whereas Ca had limited impact.Gut microbiota analysis indicated Cd exposure induced microbial dysbiosis,characterized by elevatedα-diversity indices(Chao1 and Shannon),which Ca partially stabilized by enriching beneficial taxa(e.g.,Lactobacillaceae).Conversely,CGA reduced microbial diversity but enhanced barrier-related metabolic pathways(e.g.,nucleotide biosynthesis).Both Ca and CGA interventions effectively reduced Proteobacteria abundance and partially restored the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes(F/B)ratio,However,genus-level responses diverged significantly:Ca specifically enriched Blautia;CGA,in contrast,promoted Bifidobacterium and Oscillospira.Conclusion:Ca and CGA differentially protect against Cd toxicity.Integrating Ca-fortified foods(via competitive inhibition of Cd absorption)with CGA-rich extracts(via antioxidant activity and microbiota modulation)may provide dual-targeted functional formulations for Cd-exposed populations.
基金supported by the Open Fund of Anhui Engineering Research Center for Ecoagriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine(WXZR202318)High-level Talents Research Initiation Fund of West Anhui University(WGKQ2022025)+3 种基金Quality Engineering Project of West Anhui University(wxxy2024011)Quality Engineering Project of Anhui Province(2024zybj032)Development of Big Data Integration and Analysis Platform for Traditional Chinese Medicine Genomics(0045025050)Anhui Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(S202510376030).
文摘Heavy metal pollution has become a pervasive environmental issue affecting numerous regions worldwide.Recently,there has been significant attention given to the application of nano-enabled technologies with the purpose of enhancing plant development and alleviating heavy metal stress.This study aimed to illustrate the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)to enhance the morphological traits of D.huoshenense exposed to cadmium(Cd)stress.The chemical structure and elemental composition of the ZnO-NPs were characterised by a series of analytical methods,including X-ray diffraction,UV-Vis spectrometry,XPS,andTEM.Plant samples usedwere collected at 0,5,and 15 days in order to assess physiological and biochemical parameters under different Cd treatments.ZnONPs administered in pot experiments have been shown to enhance plant proliferation through the modulation of Cd enrichment levels.The results revealed that ZnO-NPs enhanced plant growth by increasing soluble sugars and proline levels,enhancing activities of antioxidant enzymes(SOD,POD,CAT,APX)and reducing electrolyte leakage(EL)and malondialdehyde(MDA)content.Furthermore,ZnO-NPs enhanced the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration,stomatal conductance,and chlorophyll content in leaves subjected to Cd stress at the 10-day sampling stage.Exogenous ZnO-NPs significantly elevated the expression of genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis,potentially facilitating the accumulation of medicinal compounds to mitigate Cd stress.Taken together,these findings provide a novel perspective on the strategies employed by medicinal plants in response to Cd.
文摘Cadmium(Cd)contamination is amajor environmental stressor that adversely affects crop germination and early development.This study assessed the impact of increasing Cd concentrations(0.125 to 1 g/L)on seed germination and early seedling growth in three bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)cultivars:Achtar,Lina,and Snina.The results revealed a clear dose-dependent inhibitory effect of Cd.Germination percentage(GP)significantly declined with increasing Cd levels,while mean germination time was progressively delayed,particularly at higher concentrations.Vigor index(VI)also showed significant reductions,reflecting compromised seedling establishment.Morphological traits,especially shoot and root lengths,were negatively affected,with root systems exhibiting greater sensitivity.Growth inhibition indices indicated a stronger suppression in roots than in shoots,and tolerance index(TI)values demonstrated clear intervarietal differences,with Achtar displaying the highest tolerance and Lina the greatest susceptibility.Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships among GP,VI,TI,and seedling length,and negative correlations with shoot and root growth inhibition.Principal component analysis further supported these patterns,effectively separating cultivar responses across treatments.Overall,this study highlights the phytotoxic effects of Cd on early wheat development and underscores the role of genetic variability in determining cultivar tolerance to heavy metal stress.
基金funding support,including the National Natural Science Foundation of China(W2421108,42377042,32402672)the Basic and Applied Research Foundation of Guangdong province(2023A1515110151,2024A1515140040)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024 M750949)the Science and Technology Innovation Strategy Fund of Guangdong province(pdjh2024a390).
文摘Cadmium(Cd^(2+))exhibits pronounced phytotoxicity and poses significant risks to human health through bioaccumulation in agricultural products.This study investigates the mitigative effects of foliar-applied nano-molybdenum particles(MoNPs)on Cd accumulation and growth rates in rice(Oryza sativa).Our findings demonstrate that MoNPs application effectively alleviates Cd-induced root growth suppression and reduces Cd deposition in root cell walls,through MoNPs-mediated attenuation of Cd-induced elevation of pectin content.Through cross-sectional analysis combined with ROS-specific fluorescent probes revealed a spatial pattern of Cd-induced H_(2)O_(2)accumulation,with strongest signals observed in the apoplastic regions of root elongation and maturation zones,with minimal accumulation in meristematic regions.This oxidative burst was significantly mitigated by MoNPs treatment,which enhanced plasma membrane(PM)-localized respiratory burst oxidase homolog(RBOH)activity via transcriptional upregulation of OsRBOH genes.Furthermore,foliar MoNPs application activated the ascorbate–glutathione(ASA-GSH)cycle through selective upregulation of OsAPXs and OsGRs,enhancing cellular capacity for H_(2)O_(2)detoxification.These coordinated mechanisms collectively suggest that MoNPs treatment offers dual protection against Cd toxicity by 1)reducing Cd bioavailability in plant tissues and 2)counteracting Cd-induced oxidative damage,thereby effectively ameliorating root growth inhibition under Cd stress.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32101264)the Science and Technology Research and Development Project of Handan(Grant 23422304086)the National College Student Innovation Training Project of China(Grant No.202410103013).
文摘Plant invasion poses a serious environmental challenge to freshwater ecosystems. Heavy metal pollution and nutrient enrichment, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), are two additional critical environmental issues known to influence the growth of invasive plants. Notably, the N/P ratio in the environments is often inconstant;however, whether these variations can cause differential responses in invasive plants remains underexplored, despite its crucial importance for understanding plant invasiveness. In this study, we examined the effects of different N/P ratios (4:1, 16:1, 32:1, 64:1) on the growth of a widespread invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides in cadmium (Cd) polluted water, while maintaining either a constant N concentration (2 mmol L^(−1)) or a constant P concentration (0.5 mmol L^(−1)). Two control treatments were also included: one without Cd, N, or P, and another with Cd but without N or P. The addition of N and P did not mitigate the inhibitory effects of Cd on A. philoxeroides growth nor did it enhance its tolerance. However, under conditions of constant N concentration, the N/P ratio of 4:1 significantly increased both the main stem length and the number of nodes in A. philoxeroides under Cd stress, potentially enhancing its expansion and clonal growth. Our results suggest that A. philoxeroides exhibits greater sensitivity to variations in the N/P ratio when N concentration is held constant, compared to when P concentration is constant in Cd polluted water. This study investigated the effects of varying N/P ratios on invasive plants under Cd pollution, which has been underexplored in previous research. The findings provide an experimental basis for controlling and preventing the spread of invasive plants in freshwater systems polluted with Cd and experiencing eutrophication.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2017YFC1600702)the Central Funds Guiding the Local Science and Technology Development of China(2020JH6/10500002).
文摘Cadmium accumulation in seafood has become a major concern for human health.Recently,there has been an increasing focus on the potential risks associated with food-borne fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)that are formed during the thermal processing of seafood.The co-occurrence of cadmium and CDs from cooked seafood become a common phenomenon and co-exposure of them to human has been an inevitable route during long-term seafood consuming.In addition,it has been widely recognized that CDs can be used as nanocarriers for metal ion chelation for their transport into organisms,thereby,they could influence the bioavailability of metal ion.While there have been numerous studies on the toxic effects of cadmium or CDs,none have explored the combined toxicity of food-borne CDs from clams(CCDs)and Cd^(2+).In this study,we investigated the single or co-exposure(combined exposure)of Cd^(2+)and CCDs on PC12 cells to investigate the combined toxicity of them.Our analysis of cell viability revealed that CCDs significantly augmented the cytotoxicity induced by Cd^(2+).More in-depth metabolomics and lipidomics investigation indicated that the combined exposure of Cd^(2+)and CCDs led to significant metabolic disorders,causing an antagonistic effect on energy metabolism,and a synergistic effect on amino acids and lipids metabolism.The disturbance in metabolomics and lipidomics was further supported by the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species following co-exposure.These findings provide new evidence that support the enhanced cytotoxicity of Cd^(2+)by the CCDs derived from the thermal processing of clams.This study also declares the necessary that prioritize the investigation of the potential impact of other thermal processing hazards originating from heat-processed foods on the toxicity of heavy metal ions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21A20237)。
文摘Cadmium(Cd)contamination in agricultural soils poses severe threats to human health and ecosystem integrity.While biochar is recognized for its ability to immobilize heavy metals,the impact of plant-derived low molecular weight organic acids(LMWOAs),such as citric acid(CA),on this process remains unclear.This study shows that CA and biochar synergistically immobilize Cd in alkaline soil from extensively polluted southeastern Hubei,China.Soils were amended with maize stover biochar at rates of 0,0.5%,1%,and 2%(W/W),with or without CA addition(1 mmol/L),and incubated for 80 days.Results show that biochar significantly reduced bioavailable Cd,with a 2%application decreasing extractable Cd by 26.84%.Unexpectedly,CA alone increased Cd mobility by 9.38%;however,when combined with high-dose biochar,CA and biochar synergistically enhanced Cd immobilization,reducing bioavailable Cd by 27.40%.Advanced analytical techniques,including BCR sequential extraction,X-ray diffraction,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,confirmed that the interaction between biochar and CA altered Cd speciation,promoting its stabilization.This study is the first to show that CA and biochar synergistically immobilize Cd in alkaline soils,disproving the idea that LMWOAs hinder biochar's metal remediation.Our findings show that biochar can prevent or even harness LMWOAs'activating effects on Cd,indicating its great potential for sustainable Cd remediation in alkaline soils.This study improves our understanding of biochar-soil interactions in organic acids and gives new scientific bases for enhancing heavy metal-contaminated soil remediation procedures.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC1809205)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.8232029)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41501336).
文摘Cadmium(Cd)and arsenic(As)co-contamination has threatened rice production and food safety.It is challenging to mitigate Cd and As contamination in rice simultaneously due to their opposite geochemical behaviors.Mg-loaded biochar with outstanding adsorption capacity for As and Cd was used for the first time to remediate Cd/As contaminated paddy soils.In addition,the effect of zero-valent iron(ZVI)on grain As speciation accumulation in alkaline paddy soils was first investigated.The effect of rice straw biochar(SC),magnesiumloaded rice straw biochar(Mg/SC),and ZVI on concentrations of Cd and As speciation in soil porewater and their accumulation in rice tissueswas investigated in a pot experiment.Addition of SC,Mg/SC and ZVI to soil reduced Cd concentrations in rice grain by 46.1%,90.3%and 100%,and inorganic As(iAs)by 35.4%,33.1%and 29.1%,respectively,and reduced Cd concentrations in porewater by 74.3%,96.5%and 96.2%,respectively.Reductions of 51.6%and 87.7%in porewater iAs concentrationswere observed with Mg/SC and ZVI amendments,but notwith SC.Dimethylarsinic acid(DMA)concentrations in porewater and grain increased by a factor of 4.9 and 3.3,respectively,with ZVI amendment.The three amendments affected grain concentrations of iAs,DMA and Cd mainly by modulating their translocation within plant and the levels of As(Ⅲ),silicon,dissolved organic carbon,iron or Cd in porewater.All three amendments(SC,Mg/SC and ZVI)have the potential to simultaneously mitigate Cd and iAs accumulation in rice grain,although the pathways are different.
基金supported by the Earmarked Fund for the R&D Program of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2023C02014)the‘Three Rural and Nine Parties’Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2025SNJF045)+3 种基金the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund,China(Grant No.ZDYF2022XDNY256)the Innovational Fund for Scientific and Technological Personnel of Hainan Province,China(Grant No.KJRC2023B24)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32472207)the Nanfan Special Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant Nos.YBXM2436 and YBXM2326)。
文摘Cadmium(Cd)accumulation in rice grains is a complex quantitative trait.To elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying Cd accumulation,a genome-wide association study(GWAS)was conducted over two years using Ting's core collection,which consists of 150 rice landraces and more than 5.1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).In this study,a total of 148 SNPs were identified as significantly associated with Cd accumulation in grains.Additionally,six previously cloned genes related to Cd accumulation,i.e.,Os Cd1,Os NRAMP5,Os SRK,Os HMA1,CAL1,and Os PCS2,were detected.Moreover,four novel candidate regions were identified over the two-year period.Based on these findings,a novel gene named Os ABCG2,encoding an ABCG(WBC)transporter localized to the plasma membrane,was selected for further analysis.
文摘Even in small concentrations,toxic metals like lead,cadmium,and mercury are dangerous to the environment and human health.Environmental monitoring depends on precisely identifying these heavy metals,particularly cadmium ions(Cd(Ⅱ)).In this study,we present a novel screen-printed carbon electrode(SPCE)modified with single crystallineα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nano-hexagons that functions as a sensor for detecting Cd(Ⅱ).The performance of the fabricated sensor was thoroughly assessed and compared with unmodified SPCE using the voltammetric method.The crystalline structure of the synthesizedα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nano-hexagons was confirmed through XRD,and surface analysis revealed an average diameter and thickness of 86 nm and 9 nm,respectively.Theα-Fe_(2)O_(3)modified SPCE yields a 7-fold enhanced response(at pH 5.0 vs.Ag/AgCl)to Cd(Ⅱ)than bare SPCE.The modified electrode effectively detects Cd(Ⅱ)with a linear response range of up to 333.0μmol/L and a detection limit of 0.65 nmol/L under ideal circumstances.This newly fabricated sensor offers significant potential for environmental monitoring applications by providing outstanding practicality,anti-interference ability,and repeatability for detecting Cd(Ⅱ)in water samples.
基金the Enterprises and Institutions Entrusted Projects of Guizhou Province, China (No. 700377111206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31760133)
文摘Silicon （Si） offers beneficial effect on plants under cadmium （Cd） stress such as promoting plant growth and increasing resistance to heavy metal toxicity. In this study, a pot experiment was performed to study the role of Si in alleviating Cd toxicity in tobacco （Nicotiana tabacurn L.） plants on a yellow soil taken from Guiyang, China. Nine treatments consisting of three concentrations of Cd （0, 1, and 5 mg kg^-1） together with three Si levels （0, 1, and 4 g kg^-1） were established. Plant growth parameters, Cd concentration, and the malondialdehyde （MDA）, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents were determined 100 d after transplanting of tobacco seedlings. Application of exogenous Si enhanced the growth of tobacco plants under Cd stress. When 5 mg kg^-1 Cd was added, Si addition at 1 and 4 g kg^-1 increased root, stem, and leaf biomass by 26.1%-43.3%, 33.7% 43.8%, and 50.8% 69.9%, respectively, compared to $i addition at 0 g kg^-1. With Si application, the transfer factor of Cd in tobacco from root to shoot under both 1 and 5 mg kg^-1 Cd treatments decreased by 21%. The MDA contents in the Si-treated tobacco plants declined by 5.5% 17.1% compared to those in the non-Si-treated plants, indicating a higher Cd tolerance. Silicon application also increased the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents by 33.9% 41% and 25.8%-47.3% compared to the Cd only treatments. Therefore, it could be concluded that Si application can alleviate Cd toxicity to tobacco by decreasing Cd partitioning in the shoots and MDA levels and by increasing chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, thereby contributing to lowering the potential health risks of Cd contamination.
