Objective:To evaluate the antioxidant potential of different extract/fractions of Anthocephalus cadamba（A.cadamba）（Roxb.） Miq.（Rubiaceae） and study the tentative identification of their active constituents.Metho...Objective:To evaluate the antioxidant potential of different extract/fractions of Anthocephalus cadamba（A.cadamba）（Roxb.） Miq.（Rubiaceae） and study the tentative identification of their active constituents.Methods:The extract/fractions were screened for antioxidant activity using various in vitro assays viz.DPPH assay,ABTS assay,superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, reducing power assay and plasmid DNA nicking assay.Total phenolic content of extract/fractions was determined by colorimetric method.An ultra-performance LC-electrospray-quadrupoletime of flight mass spectrometry method was used to analyse the active constituents of extract/ fractions of A.cadamba.Results:The ethyl acetate fraction was found to be most active fraction in all the assays as compared to other extract/fractions.The IC<sub>50</sub> value of ethyl acetate fraction （ETAC fraction） was 21.24μg/mL,1.12μg/mL,9.68μg/mL and S7.81μg/mL in DPPH assay, ABTS assay,reducing power assay and superoxide scavenging assay respectively.All the extract/ fractions also showed the potential to protect the plasmid DNA（pBR322） against the attack of hydroxyl radicals generated by Fenton’s reagent.The bioactive compounds were identified by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS,by comparing the mass andλ<sub>max</sub> with literature values.Conclusions:The potential of the extract/fractions to scavenge different free radicals in different systems indicated that they may be useful therapeutic agents for treating radical-related pathologic damage.展开更多
The present study investigated the adaptability and growth of a fast-growing clone (BN1) of N. cadamba planted as short-rotation plantation species in the south subtropical region of China, using 17 sampled sites repr...The present study investigated the adaptability and growth of a fast-growing clone (BN1) of N. cadamba planted as short-rotation plantation species in the south subtropical region of China, using 17 sampled sites representing different environments, planting models and ages, and local weather station temperature records. BN1’s growth characteristics were further compared with the most productive eucalypts planted nearby. The survival of BN1 seedlings raised and transplanted with tissue-culture micro-cuttings was >94.0% in the 1st year, and the percentage of the effective trees with diameter at breast height ( Dbh ) ≥ 8 cm was >71.0% over 30-month old. Most of the sampled sites and trees were susceptible to low-temperature or frost injury in the 1st winter, with average damage index ( Id ) ranging from 0.1 to 2.6. Some sites/trees were infected by caterpillar or borer pests, but the damage was neglectable. The injured trees quickly sprouted out leading shoots and recovered their growing vigor from low temperature or insect damage. Temperature factors were closely related to Id (P °C) with risk of significant frost damage on BN1 trees;one site (No. 9) was not suitable with frequent and heavy cold damage ( Id =2.6 ). BN1 grew extremely fast, with average diameter at breast height ( Dbh ) ranging from 14.5 - 20.3 cm and average tree height ( Ht ) from 12.3 - 16.0 m at 54-month old, and Dbh from 17.8 - 22.7 cm and from 14.4 - 15.9 m at 66-month old, over different sites/soils and planting models. Peak for both Dbh and Ht appeared in the 2nd year, but after 6-year old for average individual tree volume ( Vt ). BN1 was faster in Dbh at most sites but slower in Ht at all sites than eucalypts compared. Some sampled sites of BN1 performed similarly as or obviously better than most productive eucalypts in stock volume (Vs). With properly planting density, tending and rotation, BN1 could be expected to outperform fast-growing eucalypts in terms of Dbh , Vt and Vs, and to produce all diameter grades of timbers if the rotation age is extended beyond 8 to 9 years. Discussion was also given to potential silvicultural models, risks and limitations of planting BN1 and other superior N. cadamba varieties.展开更多
This study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing the diet of broilers with Neolamarckia cadamba leaf extract(NCLE)on meat quality by evaluating antioxidant parameters and the expression of genes in the p38 mitog...This study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing the diet of broilers with Neolamarckia cadamba leaf extract(NCLE)on meat quality by evaluating antioxidant parameters and the expression of genes in the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant responsive element(p38 MAPK/Nrf2/ARE)signaling pathway,coupled with LC-MS-based metabolomic analysis.A total of 480 one-day-old male broilers were randomly allocated to four treatment groups-a control(CON)group,which was fed a basal diet,and three NCLE treatment groups,which were fed the basal diet sup-plemented with 100,200,or 400 mg/kg NCLE(N1,N2,and N3 groups,respectively)for 42 d.Compared with the CON group,meat quality was improved in the N2 and N3 groups,as evidenced by the higher pH45min(P<0.05)and lower shear force(P<0.05)in breast muscle(BM)and lower drip loss at 48 h(P<0.05)in leg muscle(LM).Moreover,BM antioxidant capacity was significantly enhanced in the N3 group,characterized by an increase in the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),the concentrations of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and catalase(CAT),and the relative mRNA expression of p38 MAPK,extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2),c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK),Nrf2,CAT,and GSH-Px(P<0.05).Similarly,LM in the N3 group displayed higher T-AOC,increased GSH-Px and CAT concentrations,reduced malonaldehyde contents(P<0.05),and upregulation of the relative mRNA levels of JNK,Nrf2,heme oxygenase,CAT,and superoxide dismutase(SOD)(P<0.05).Metabolomics analysis revealed that D-arabinono-1,4-lactone and lyso-PAF C-16-d4 were negatively correlated with shear force and cooking loss(P<0.05)and displayed increased abundance in BM of the N3 group.L-Serine levels were upregulated while D-fructose 1,6-diphosphate contents were downregulated in the three NCLE groups.Finally,the differential metabolites in both BM and LM were involved in amino acid metabolism pathways.Our results indicated that NCLE supplementation improved meat quality by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities,promoting the expression of genes in the p38 MAPK/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway,and regulating amino acid metabolism.The optimal NCLE concentration was found to be 400 mg/kg.展开更多
Phytochemical investigation on the leaves ofNeolamarckia cadamba led to the isolation of four new indole al- kaloids, spirocadambine （1）, dehydraisodihydrocadambine （2）, nitrocadambines A and B （3 and 4）. The st...Phytochemical investigation on the leaves ofNeolamarckia cadamba led to the isolation of four new indole al- kaloids, spirocadambine （1）, dehydraisodihydrocadambine （2）, nitrocadambines A and B （3 and 4）. The structures and relative configurations were established by 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Spirocadambine （1） represents a new type of screw ring containing indole glucoalkaloids.展开更多
基金UGC(DRS-SAP),New Delhi for providing financial assistance
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antioxidant potential of different extract/fractions of Anthocephalus cadamba（A.cadamba）（Roxb.） Miq.（Rubiaceae） and study the tentative identification of their active constituents.Methods:The extract/fractions were screened for antioxidant activity using various in vitro assays viz.DPPH assay,ABTS assay,superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, reducing power assay and plasmid DNA nicking assay.Total phenolic content of extract/fractions was determined by colorimetric method.An ultra-performance LC-electrospray-quadrupoletime of flight mass spectrometry method was used to analyse the active constituents of extract/ fractions of A.cadamba.Results:The ethyl acetate fraction was found to be most active fraction in all the assays as compared to other extract/fractions.The IC<sub>50</sub> value of ethyl acetate fraction （ETAC fraction） was 21.24μg/mL,1.12μg/mL,9.68μg/mL and S7.81μg/mL in DPPH assay, ABTS assay,reducing power assay and superoxide scavenging assay respectively.All the extract/ fractions also showed the potential to protect the plasmid DNA（pBR322） against the attack of hydroxyl radicals generated by Fenton’s reagent.The bioactive compounds were identified by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS,by comparing the mass andλ<sub>max</sub> with literature values.Conclusions:The potential of the extract/fractions to scavenge different free radicals in different systems indicated that they may be useful therapeutic agents for treating radical-related pathologic damage.
文摘The present study investigated the adaptability and growth of a fast-growing clone (BN1) of N. cadamba planted as short-rotation plantation species in the south subtropical region of China, using 17 sampled sites representing different environments, planting models and ages, and local weather station temperature records. BN1’s growth characteristics were further compared with the most productive eucalypts planted nearby. The survival of BN1 seedlings raised and transplanted with tissue-culture micro-cuttings was >94.0% in the 1st year, and the percentage of the effective trees with diameter at breast height ( Dbh ) ≥ 8 cm was >71.0% over 30-month old. Most of the sampled sites and trees were susceptible to low-temperature or frost injury in the 1st winter, with average damage index ( Id ) ranging from 0.1 to 2.6. Some sites/trees were infected by caterpillar or borer pests, but the damage was neglectable. The injured trees quickly sprouted out leading shoots and recovered their growing vigor from low temperature or insect damage. Temperature factors were closely related to Id (P °C) with risk of significant frost damage on BN1 trees;one site (No. 9) was not suitable with frequent and heavy cold damage ( Id =2.6 ). BN1 grew extremely fast, with average diameter at breast height ( Dbh ) ranging from 14.5 - 20.3 cm and average tree height ( Ht ) from 12.3 - 16.0 m at 54-month old, and Dbh from 17.8 - 22.7 cm and from 14.4 - 15.9 m at 66-month old, over different sites/soils and planting models. Peak for both Dbh and Ht appeared in the 2nd year, but after 6-year old for average individual tree volume ( Vt ). BN1 was faster in Dbh at most sites but slower in Ht at all sites than eucalypts compared. Some sampled sites of BN1 performed similarly as or obviously better than most productive eucalypts in stock volume (Vs). With properly planting density, tending and rotation, BN1 could be expected to outperform fast-growing eucalypts in terms of Dbh , Vt and Vs, and to produce all diameter grades of timbers if the rotation age is extended beyond 8 to 9 years. Discussion was also given to potential silvicultural models, risks and limitations of planting BN1 and other superior N. cadamba varieties.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0111000)the central government guides local funds for science and technology development–basic research projects with free exploration(2022ZY0152)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.202106TD).
文摘This study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing the diet of broilers with Neolamarckia cadamba leaf extract(NCLE)on meat quality by evaluating antioxidant parameters and the expression of genes in the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant responsive element(p38 MAPK/Nrf2/ARE)signaling pathway,coupled with LC-MS-based metabolomic analysis.A total of 480 one-day-old male broilers were randomly allocated to four treatment groups-a control(CON)group,which was fed a basal diet,and three NCLE treatment groups,which were fed the basal diet sup-plemented with 100,200,or 400 mg/kg NCLE(N1,N2,and N3 groups,respectively)for 42 d.Compared with the CON group,meat quality was improved in the N2 and N3 groups,as evidenced by the higher pH45min(P<0.05)and lower shear force(P<0.05)in breast muscle(BM)and lower drip loss at 48 h(P<0.05)in leg muscle(LM).Moreover,BM antioxidant capacity was significantly enhanced in the N3 group,characterized by an increase in the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),the concentrations of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and catalase(CAT),and the relative mRNA expression of p38 MAPK,extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2),c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK),Nrf2,CAT,and GSH-Px(P<0.05).Similarly,LM in the N3 group displayed higher T-AOC,increased GSH-Px and CAT concentrations,reduced malonaldehyde contents(P<0.05),and upregulation of the relative mRNA levels of JNK,Nrf2,heme oxygenase,CAT,and superoxide dismutase(SOD)(P<0.05).Metabolomics analysis revealed that D-arabinono-1,4-lactone and lyso-PAF C-16-d4 were negatively correlated with shear force and cooking loss(P<0.05)and displayed increased abundance in BM of the N3 group.L-Serine levels were upregulated while D-fructose 1,6-diphosphate contents were downregulated in the three NCLE groups.Finally,the differential metabolites in both BM and LM were involved in amino acid metabolism pathways.Our results indicated that NCLE supplementation improved meat quality by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities,promoting the expression of genes in the p38 MAPK/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway,and regulating amino acid metabolism.The optimal NCLE concentration was found to be 400 mg/kg.
文摘Phytochemical investigation on the leaves ofNeolamarckia cadamba led to the isolation of four new indole al- kaloids, spirocadambine （1）, dehydraisodihydrocadambine （2）, nitrocadambines A and B （3 and 4）. The structures and relative configurations were established by 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Spirocadambine （1） represents a new type of screw ring containing indole glucoalkaloids.
