Wing design is a critical factor in the aerodynamic performance of flapping-wing(FW)robots.Inspired by the natural wing structures of insects,bats,and birds,we explored how bio-mimetic wing vein morphologies,combined ...Wing design is a critical factor in the aerodynamic performance of flapping-wing(FW)robots.Inspired by the natural wing structures of insects,bats,and birds,we explored how bio-mimetic wing vein morphologies,combined with a bio-inspired double wing clap-and-fling mechanism,affect thrust generation.This study focused on increasing vertical force and payload capacity.Through systematic experimentation with various vein configurations and structural designs,we developed innovative wings optimized for thrust production.Comprehensive tests were conducted to measure aerodynamic forces,power consumption,and wing kinematics across a range of flapping frequencies.Additionally,wings with different aspect ratios,a key factor in wing design,were fabricated and extensively evaluated.The study also examined the role of bio-inspired vein layouts on wing flexibility,a critical component in improving flight efficiency.Our findings demonstrate that the newly developed wing design led to a 20%increase in thrust,achieving up to 30 g-force(gf).This research sheds light on the clap-and-fling effect and establishes a promising framework for bio-inspired wing design,offering significant improvements in both performance and payload capacity for FW robots.展开更多
Microrobotic systems are emerging as transformative technology for minimally invasive medicine,driven by innovations in actuation mechanisms,advanced fabrication paradigms,and multifunctional system integration.This c...Microrobotic systems are emerging as transformative technology for minimally invasive medicine,driven by innovations in actuation mechanisms,advanced fabrication paradigms,and multifunctional system integration.This comprehensive review analyzes the evolution of microrobotic technologies through three critical dimensions:(1)actuation modalities,including magnetic,optical,acoustic,chemical,and biological actuation,with a focus on the synergistic advantages of hybrid actuation strategies in complex internal physiological environments;(2)Fabrication methods cover technolo-gies such as photolithography,microinjection molding,self-assembly,and 3D printing,emphasizing innovative strategies involving multi-technology integration and collaborative manufacturing of bio/non-bio hybrid materials;(3)Internal phys-iological applications involve disease diagnosis,targeted drug delivery,minimally invasive surgery,tissue engineering,and cell manipulation,highlighting the broad prospects of microrobots in precision medicine.Despite remarkable progress,critical challenges remain,including low actuation efficiency,as seen in acoustic systems,limited biocompatibility,exem-plified by the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide in chemical actuation,delayed clinical translation,and other related challenges that must be addressed to advance the field.展开更多
Strategically coupling nanoparticle hybrids and internal thermosensitive molecular switches establishes an innovative paradigm for constructing micro/nanoscale-reconfigurable robots,facilitating energyefficient CO_(2)...Strategically coupling nanoparticle hybrids and internal thermosensitive molecular switches establishes an innovative paradigm for constructing micro/nanoscale-reconfigurable robots,facilitating energyefficient CO_(2) management in life-support systems of confined space.Here,a micro/nano-reconfigurable robot is constructed from the CO_(2) molecular hunters,temperature-sensitive molecular switch,solar photothermal conversion,and magnetically-driven function engines.The molecular hunters within the molecular extension state can capture 6.19 mmol g^(−1) of CO_(2) to form carbamic acid and ammonium bicarbonate.Interestingly,the molecular switch of the robot activates a molecular curling state that facilitates CO_(2) release through nano-reconfiguration,which is mediated by the temperature-sensitive curling of Pluronic F127 molecular chains during the photothermal desorption.Nano-reconfiguration of robot alters the amino microenvironment,including increasing surface electrostatic potential of the amino group and decreasing overall lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level.This weakened the nucleophilic attack ability of the amino group toward the adsorption product derivatives,thereby inhibiting the side reactions that generate hard-to-decompose urea structures,achieving the lowest regeneration temperature of 55℃ reported to date.The engine of the robot possesses non-contact magnetically-driven micro-reconfiguration capability to achieve efficient photothermal regeneration while avoiding local overheating.Notably,the robot successfully prolonged the survival time of mice in the sealed container by up to 54.61%,effectively addressing the issue of carbon suffocation in confined spaces.This work significantly enhances life-support systems for deep-space exploration,while stimulating innovations in sustainable carbon management technologies for terrestrial extreme environments.展开更多
Most existing path planning approaches rely on discrete expansions or localized heuristics that can lead to extended re-planning,inefficient detours,and limited adaptability to complex obstacle distributions.These iss...Most existing path planning approaches rely on discrete expansions or localized heuristics that can lead to extended re-planning,inefficient detours,and limited adaptability to complex obstacle distributions.These issues are particularly pronounced when navigating cluttered or large-scale environments that demand both global coverage and smooth trajectory generation.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a Wave Water Simulator(WWS)algorithm,leveraging a physically motivated wave equation to achieve inherently smooth,globally consistent path planning.In WWS,wavefront expansions naturally identify safe corridors while seamlessly avoiding local minima,and selective corridor focusing reduces computational overhead in large or dense maps.Comprehensive simulations and real-world validations-encompassing both indoor and outdoor scenarios-demonstrate that WWS reduces path length by 2%-13%compared to conventional methods,while preserving gentle curvature and robust obstacle clearance.Furthermore,WWS requires minimal parameter tuning across diverse domains,underscoring its broad applicability to warehouse robotics,field operations,and autonomous service vehicles.These findings confirm that the proposed wave-based framework not only bridges the gap between local heuristics and global coverage but also sets a promising direction for future extensions toward dynamic obstacle scenarios and multi-agent coordination.展开更多
Multi-link cable-driven robots(MCDRs)have potential advantages in confined spaces exploration because of their redundancy and flexibility.Operational space wrench and acceleration capability analysis of MCDRs is impor...Multi-link cable-driven robots(MCDRs)have potential advantages in confined spaces exploration because of their redundancy and flexibility.Operational space wrench and acceleration capability analysis of MCDRs is important for their design,manipulability optimization,and motion planning.However,existing works mainly focus on capability analysis in the joint space.In this paper,we present a zonotope-based iterative method and a simplified capability zonotope to analyze the operational-space wrench and acceleration capability of MCDRs.In the iterative method,the capability generated by some cables can be iteratively added to the initial capability zonotope based on the Minkowski sum.In the simplified zonotope capability representation,a threshold is put forward to reduce redundant vertices and faces with little volume loss.Finally,simulations on a 24 DOFs MCDR are performed to verify the effectiveness of the developed method.The results demonstrate that our iterative algorithm can easily generate the capability zonotope with a few MB ROM,while traditional operational wrench capability evaluation without our iterative algorithm needs 18432 GB ROM.Furthermore,our simplified representation reduces the vertices and faces from 1260 and 2516 to 88 and 172,respectively,but with only 3.3%volume loss,which decreases the constraints of the robot and is conducive to manipulability optimization and motion planning.展开更多
Cable-driven parallel robots(CDPRs) are categorized as a type of parallel manipulators. In CDPRs, flexible cables are used to take the place of rigid links. The particular property of cables provides CDPRs several adv...Cable-driven parallel robots(CDPRs) are categorized as a type of parallel manipulators. In CDPRs, flexible cables are used to take the place of rigid links. The particular property of cables provides CDPRs several advantages, including larger workspaces, higher payload-to-weight ratio and lower manufacturing costs rather than rigid-link robots. In this paper, the history of the development of CDPRs is introduced and several successful latest application cases of CDPRs are presented. The theory development of CDPRs is introduced focusing on design, performance analysis and control theory. Research on CDPRs gains wide attention and is highly motivated by the modern engineering demand for large load capacity and workspace. A number of exciting advances in CDPRs are summarized in this paper since it is proposed in the 1980 s, which points to a fruitful future both in theory and application. In order to meet the increasing requirements of robot in different areas, future steps foresee more in-depth research and extension applications of CDPRs including intelligent control, composite materials, integrated and reconfigurable design.展开更多
The use of space robots(SRs)for on-orbit services(OOSs)has been a hot research topic in recent years.However,the space unstructured environment(i.e.:confined spaces,multiple obstacles,and strong radiation interference...The use of space robots(SRs)for on-orbit services(OOSs)has been a hot research topic in recent years.However,the space unstructured environment(i.e.:confined spaces,multiple obstacles,and strong radiation interference)has greatly restricted the application of SRs.The coupled active-passive multilink cable-driven space robot(CAP-MCDSR)has the characteristics of slim body,flexible movement,and electromechanical separation,which is very suitable for extreme space environments.However,the dynamic and stiffness modeling of CAP-MCDSRs is challenging,due to the complex coupling among the active cables,passive cables,joints,and the end-effector.To deal with these problems,this paper proposes a workspace,stiffness analysis and design optimization method for such type of MCDSRs.Firstly,the multi-coupling kinematics relationships among the joint,cables and the end-effector are established.Based on hybrid series-parallel characteristics,the improved coupled active–passive(CAP)dynamic equation is derived.Then,the maximum workspace,the maximum stiffness,and the minimum cable tension are resolved,among them,the overall stiffness is the superposition of the stiffness produced by the active and the passive cable.Furthermore,the workspace,the stiffness,and the cable tension are analyzed by using the nonlinear optimization method(NOPM).Finally,an 8-DOF CAP-MCDSR experiment system is built to verify the proposed modeling and trajectory tracking methods.The proposed modeling and analysis results are very useful for practical space applications,such as designing a new CAP-MCDSR,or utilizing an existing CAP-MCDSR system.展开更多
Cable-driven parallel robots(CDPRs)use cables instead of the rigid limbs of traditional parallel robots,thus processing a large potential workspace,easy to assemble and disassemble characteristics,and with application...Cable-driven parallel robots(CDPRs)use cables instead of the rigid limbs of traditional parallel robots,thus processing a large potential workspace,easy to assemble and disassemble characteristics,and with applications in numerous fields.However,owing to the influence of cable flexibility and nonlinear friction,model uncertainties are di cult to eliminate from the control design.Hence,in this study,the model uncertainties of CDPRs are first analyzed based on a brief introduction to related research.Control strategies for CDPRs with model uncertainties are then reviewed.The advantages and disadvantages of several control strategies for CDPRS are discussed through traditional control strategies with kinematic and dynamic uncertainties.Compared with these traditional control strategies,deep reinforcement learning and model predictive control have received widespread attention in recent years owing to their model independence and recursive feasibility with constraint limits.A comprehensive review and brief analysis of current advances in these two control strategies for CDPRs with model uncertainties are presented,concluding with discussions regarding development directions.展开更多
Wireless millirobots engineered to infiltrate intricate vascular networks within living organisms,particularly within constricted and confined spaces,hold immense promise for the future of medical treatments.However,w...Wireless millirobots engineered to infiltrate intricate vascular networks within living organisms,particularly within constricted and confined spaces,hold immense promise for the future of medical treatments.However,with their multifaceted and intricate designs,some robots often grapple with motion and functionality issues when confronted with tight spaces characterized by small cross-sectional dimensions.In this study,drawing inspiration from the high aspect ratio and undulating swimming patterns of snakes,a millimeter-scale,snake-like robot was designed and fabricated via a combination of extrusion-based four-dimensional(4D)printing and magnetic-responsive intelligent functional inks.A sophisticated motion control strategy was also developed,which enables the robots to perform various dynamic movements,such as undulating swimming,precise turns,graceful circular motions,and coordinated cluster movements,under diverse magnetic field variations.As a potential application,the snake robot can navigate and release drugs in a model coronary intervention vessel with tortuous channels and fluid filling.The novel design and promising applications of this snake robot are invaluable tools in future medical surgeries and interventions.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To propose an automatic acupuncture robot system for performing acupuncture operations.METHODS:The acupuncture robot system consists of three components:automatic acupoint localization,acupuncture manipulati...OBJECTIVE:To propose an automatic acupuncture robot system for performing acupuncture operations.METHODS:The acupuncture robot system consists of three components:automatic acupoint localization,acupuncture manipulations,and De Qi sensation detection.The OptiTrack motion capture system is used to locate acupoints,which are then translated into coordinates in the robot control system.A flexible collaborative robot with an intelligent gripper is then used to perform acupuncture manipulations with high precision.In addition,a De Qi sensation detection system is proposed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture.To verify the stability of the designed acupuncture robot,acupoints'coordinates localized by the acupuncture robot are compared with the Gold Standard labeled by a professional acupuncturist using significant level tests.RESULTS:Through repeated experiments for eight acupoints,the acupuncture robot achieved a positioning error within 3.3 mm,which is within the allowable range of needle extraction and acupoint insertion.During needle insertion,the robot arm followed the prescribed trajectory with a mean deviation distance of 0.02 mm and a deviation angle of less than 0.15°.The results of the lifting thrusting operation in the Xingzhen process show that the mean acupuncture depth error of the designed acupuncture robot is approximately 2 mm,which is within the recommended depth range for the Xingzhen operation.In addition,the average detection accuracy of the De Qi keywords is 94.52%,which meets the requirements of acupuncture effect testing for different dialects.CONCLUSION:The proposed acupuncture robot system streamlines the acupuncture process,increases efficiency,and reduces practitioner fatigue,while also allowing for the quantification of acupuncture manipulations and evaluation of therapeutic effects.The development of an acupuncture robot system has the potential to revolutionize low back pain treatment and improve patient outcomes.展开更多
The advent of parametric design has resulted in a marked increase in the complexity of building.Unfortunately,traditional construction methods make it difficult to meet the needs.Therefore,construction robots have bec...The advent of parametric design has resulted in a marked increase in the complexity of building.Unfortunately,traditional construction methods make it difficult to meet the needs.Therefore,construction robots have become a pivotal production tool in this context.Since the arm span of a single robot usually does not exceed 3 meters,it is not competent for producing large-scale building components.Accordingly,the extension of the robot,s working range is often achieved by external axes.Nevertheless,the coupling control of external axes and robots and their kinematic solution have become key challenges.The primary technical difficulties include customized construction robots,automatic solutions for external axes,fixed axis joints,and specific motion mode control.This paper proposes solutions to these difficulties,introduces the relevant basic concepts and algorithms in detail,and encapsulates these robotics principles and algorithm processes into the Grasshopper plug-in commonly used by architects to form the FURobot software platform.This platform effectively solves the above problems,lowers the threshold for architects,and improves production efficiency.The effectiveness of the algorithm and software in this paper is verified through simulation experiments.展开更多
This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the current research landscape in the field of soft actuation technology applied to bio-inspired soft robots. In sharp contrast to their conventional rigid counterp...This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the current research landscape in the field of soft actuation technology applied to bio-inspired soft robots. In sharp contrast to their conventional rigid counterparts, bio-inspired soft robots are primarily constructed from flexible materials, conferring upon them remarkable adaptability and flexibility to execute a multitude of tasks in complex environments. However, the classification of their driving technology poses a significant challenge owing to the diverse array of employed driving mechanisms and materials. Here, we classify several common soft actuation methods from the perspectives of the sources of motion in bio-inspired soft robots and their bio-inspired objects, effectively filling the classification system of soft robots, especially bio-inspired soft robots. Then, we summarize the driving principles and structures of various common driving methods from the perspective of bionics, and discuss the latest developments in the field of soft robot actuation from the perspective of driving modalities and methodologies. We then discuss the application directions of bio-inspired soft robots and the latest developments in each direction. Finally, after an in-depth review of various soft bio-inspired robot driving technologies in recent years, we summarize the issues and challenges encountered in the advancement of soft robot actuation technology.展开更多
Due to the small size,active mobility,and intrinsic softness,miniature soft robots hold promising po-tentials in reaching the deep region inside living bodies otherwise inaccessible with compelling agility,adaptabilit...Due to the small size,active mobility,and intrinsic softness,miniature soft robots hold promising po-tentials in reaching the deep region inside living bodies otherwise inaccessible with compelling agility,adaptability and safety.Various materials and actuation strategies have been developed for creating soft robots,among which,ferromagnetic soft materials that self-actuate in response to external magnetic fields have attracted worldwide attention due to their remote controllability and excellent compatibil-ity with biological tissues.This review presents comprehensive and systematic research advancements in the design,fabrication,and applications of ferromagnetic soft materials for miniature robots,providing in-sights into their potential use in biomedical fields and beyond.The programming strategies of ferromag-netic soft materials are summarized and classified,including mold-assisted programming,3D printing-assisted programming,microassembly-assisted programming,and magnetization reprogramming.Each approach possesses unique advantages in manipulating the magnetic responsiveness of ferromagnetic soft materials to achieve outstanding actuation and deformation performances.We then discuss the biomedi-cal applications of ferromagnetic soft material-based soft robots(e.g.,minimally invasive surgery,targeted delivery,and tissue engineering),highlighting their potentials in revolutionizing biomedical technologies.This review also points out the current challenges and provides insights into future research directions,which we hope can serve as a useful reference for the development of next-generation adaptive miniature robots.展开更多
The proliferation of robot accounts on social media platforms has posed a significant negative impact,necessitating robust measures to counter network anomalies and safeguard content integrity.Social robot detection h...The proliferation of robot accounts on social media platforms has posed a significant negative impact,necessitating robust measures to counter network anomalies and safeguard content integrity.Social robot detection has emerged as a pivotal yet intricate task,aimed at mitigating the dissemination of misleading information.While graphbased approaches have attained remarkable performance in this realm,they grapple with a fundamental limitation:the homogeneity assumption in graph convolution allows social robots to stealthily evade detection by mingling with genuine human profiles.To unravel this challenge and thwart the camouflage tactics,this work proposed an innovative social robot detection framework based on enhanced HOmogeneity and Random Forest(HORFBot).At the core of HORFBot lies a homogeneous graph enhancement strategy,intricately woven with edge-removal techniques,tometiculously dissect the graph intomultiple revealing subgraphs.Subsequently,leveraging the power of contrastive learning,the proposed methodology meticulously trains multiple graph convolutional networks,each honed to discern nuances within these tailored subgraphs.The culminating stage involves the fusion of these feature-rich base classifiers,harmoniously aggregating their insights to produce a comprehensive detection outcome.Extensive experiments on three social robot detection datasets have shown that this method effectively improves the accuracy of social robot detection and outperforms comparative methods.展开更多
Extensively studied since the early nineties,cable-driven robots have attracted the growing interest of the industrial and scientific community due to their desirable and peculiar attributes.In particular,underconstra...Extensively studied since the early nineties,cable-driven robots have attracted the growing interest of the industrial and scientific community due to their desirable and peculiar attributes.In particular,underconstrained and planar cable robots can find application in several fields,and specifically,in the packaging industry.The planning of dynamically feasible trajectories(i.e.,trajectories along which cable slackness and excessive tensions are avoided) is particularly challenging when dealing with such a topology of cable robots,which rely on gravity to maintain their cables in tension.This paper,after stressing the current relevance of cable robots,presents an extension and a generalization of a model-based method developed to translate typical cable tension bilateral bounds into intuitive limits on the velocity and acceleration of the robot end effector along a prescribed path.Such a new formulation of the method is based on a parametric expression of cable tensions.The computed kinematic limits can then be incorporated into any trajectory planning algorithm.The method is developed with reference to a hybrid multi-body cable robot topology which can be functionally advantageous but worsen the problem of keeping feasible tensions in the cables both in static and dynamic conditions.The definition of statically feasible workspace is also introduced to identify the positions where static equilibrium can be maintained with feasible tensions.Finally,some aspects related to the practical implementation of the method are discussed.展开更多
Cable-driven soft robots exhibit complex deformations,making state estimation challenging.Hence,this paper develops a multi-sensor fusion approach using a gradient descent strategy to estimate the weighting coefficien...Cable-driven soft robots exhibit complex deformations,making state estimation challenging.Hence,this paper develops a multi-sensor fusion approach using a gradient descent strategy to estimate the weighting coefficients.These coefficients combine measurements from proprioceptive sensors,such as resistive flex sensors,to determine the bending angle.Additionally,the fusion strategy adopted provides robust state estimates,overcoming mismatches between the flex sensors and soft robot dimensions.Furthermore,a nonlinear differentiator is introduced to filter the differentiated sensor signals to address noise and irrational values generated by the Analog-to-Digital Converter.A rational polynomial equation is also introduced to compensate for temperature drift exhibited by the resistive flex sensors,which affect the accuracy of state estimation and control.The processed multi-sensor data is then utilized in an improved PD controller for closed-loop control of the soft robot.The controller incorporates the nonlinear differentiator and drift compensation,enhancing tracking performance.Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the integrated approach,demonstrating improved tracking accuracy and robustness compared to traditional PD controllers.展开更多
基金Nguyen Tat Thanh University,Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam for supporting this study。
文摘Wing design is a critical factor in the aerodynamic performance of flapping-wing(FW)robots.Inspired by the natural wing structures of insects,bats,and birds,we explored how bio-mimetic wing vein morphologies,combined with a bio-inspired double wing clap-and-fling mechanism,affect thrust generation.This study focused on increasing vertical force and payload capacity.Through systematic experimentation with various vein configurations and structural designs,we developed innovative wings optimized for thrust production.Comprehensive tests were conducted to measure aerodynamic forces,power consumption,and wing kinematics across a range of flapping frequencies.Additionally,wings with different aspect ratios,a key factor in wing design,were fabricated and extensively evaluated.The study also examined the role of bio-inspired vein layouts on wing flexibility,a critical component in improving flight efficiency.Our findings demonstrate that the newly developed wing design led to a 20%increase in thrust,achieving up to 30 g-force(gf).This research sheds light on the clap-and-fling effect and establishes a promising framework for bio-inspired wing design,offering significant improvements in both performance and payload capacity for FW robots.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61903157)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Robotics(Grand No.2024-O08).
文摘Microrobotic systems are emerging as transformative technology for minimally invasive medicine,driven by innovations in actuation mechanisms,advanced fabrication paradigms,and multifunctional system integration.This comprehensive review analyzes the evolution of microrobotic technologies through three critical dimensions:(1)actuation modalities,including magnetic,optical,acoustic,chemical,and biological actuation,with a focus on the synergistic advantages of hybrid actuation strategies in complex internal physiological environments;(2)Fabrication methods cover technolo-gies such as photolithography,microinjection molding,self-assembly,and 3D printing,emphasizing innovative strategies involving multi-technology integration and collaborative manufacturing of bio/non-bio hybrid materials;(3)Internal phys-iological applications involve disease diagnosis,targeted drug delivery,minimally invasive surgery,tissue engineering,and cell manipulation,highlighting the broad prospects of microrobots in precision medicine.Despite remarkable progress,critical challenges remain,including low actuation efficiency,as seen in acoustic systems,limited biocompatibility,exem-plified by the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide in chemical actuation,delayed clinical translation,and other related challenges that must be addressed to advance the field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22168008,22378085)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2024GXNSFDA010053)+1 种基金the Technology Development Project of Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd(202100039)Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(YCBZ2024065).
文摘Strategically coupling nanoparticle hybrids and internal thermosensitive molecular switches establishes an innovative paradigm for constructing micro/nanoscale-reconfigurable robots,facilitating energyefficient CO_(2) management in life-support systems of confined space.Here,a micro/nano-reconfigurable robot is constructed from the CO_(2) molecular hunters,temperature-sensitive molecular switch,solar photothermal conversion,and magnetically-driven function engines.The molecular hunters within the molecular extension state can capture 6.19 mmol g^(−1) of CO_(2) to form carbamic acid and ammonium bicarbonate.Interestingly,the molecular switch of the robot activates a molecular curling state that facilitates CO_(2) release through nano-reconfiguration,which is mediated by the temperature-sensitive curling of Pluronic F127 molecular chains during the photothermal desorption.Nano-reconfiguration of robot alters the amino microenvironment,including increasing surface electrostatic potential of the amino group and decreasing overall lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level.This weakened the nucleophilic attack ability of the amino group toward the adsorption product derivatives,thereby inhibiting the side reactions that generate hard-to-decompose urea structures,achieving the lowest regeneration temperature of 55℃ reported to date.The engine of the robot possesses non-contact magnetically-driven micro-reconfiguration capability to achieve efficient photothermal regeneration while avoiding local overheating.Notably,the robot successfully prolonged the survival time of mice in the sealed container by up to 54.61%,effectively addressing the issue of carbon suffocation in confined spaces.This work significantly enhances life-support systems for deep-space exploration,while stimulating innovations in sustainable carbon management technologies for terrestrial extreme environments.
文摘Most existing path planning approaches rely on discrete expansions or localized heuristics that can lead to extended re-planning,inefficient detours,and limited adaptability to complex obstacle distributions.These issues are particularly pronounced when navigating cluttered or large-scale environments that demand both global coverage and smooth trajectory generation.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a Wave Water Simulator(WWS)algorithm,leveraging a physically motivated wave equation to achieve inherently smooth,globally consistent path planning.In WWS,wavefront expansions naturally identify safe corridors while seamlessly avoiding local minima,and selective corridor focusing reduces computational overhead in large or dense maps.Comprehensive simulations and real-world validations-encompassing both indoor and outdoor scenarios-demonstrate that WWS reduces path length by 2%-13%compared to conventional methods,while preserving gentle curvature and robust obstacle clearance.Furthermore,WWS requires minimal parameter tuning across diverse domains,underscoring its broad applicability to warehouse robotics,field operations,and autonomous service vehicles.These findings confirm that the proposed wave-based framework not only bridges the gap between local heuristics and global coverage but also sets a promising direction for future extensions toward dynamic obstacle scenarios and multi-agent coordination.
基金the China National Key R&D Program(Grant No.2019YFB1311204)the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Scientific and Technological Innovation Funds。
文摘Multi-link cable-driven robots(MCDRs)have potential advantages in confined spaces exploration because of their redundancy and flexibility.Operational space wrench and acceleration capability analysis of MCDRs is important for their design,manipulability optimization,and motion planning.However,existing works mainly focus on capability analysis in the joint space.In this paper,we present a zonotope-based iterative method and a simplified capability zonotope to analyze the operational-space wrench and acceleration capability of MCDRs.In the iterative method,the capability generated by some cables can be iteratively added to the initial capability zonotope based on the Minkowski sum.In the simplified zonotope capability representation,a threshold is put forward to reduce redundant vertices and faces with little volume loss.Finally,simulations on a 24 DOFs MCDR are performed to verify the effectiveness of the developed method.The results demonstrate that our iterative algorithm can easily generate the capability zonotope with a few MB ROM,while traditional operational wrench capability evaluation without our iterative algorithm needs 18432 GB ROM.Furthermore,our simplified representation reduces the vertices and faces from 1260 and 2516 to 88 and 172,respectively,but with only 3.3%volume loss,which decreases the constraints of the robot and is conducive to manipulability optimization and motion planning.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51605126,51575150,91748109)
文摘Cable-driven parallel robots(CDPRs) are categorized as a type of parallel manipulators. In CDPRs, flexible cables are used to take the place of rigid links. The particular property of cables provides CDPRs several advantages, including larger workspaces, higher payload-to-weight ratio and lower manufacturing costs rather than rigid-link robots. In this paper, the history of the development of CDPRs is introduced and several successful latest application cases of CDPRs are presented. The theory development of CDPRs is introduced focusing on design, performance analysis and control theory. Research on CDPRs gains wide attention and is highly motivated by the modern engineering demand for large load capacity and workspace. A number of exciting advances in CDPRs are summarized in this paper since it is proposed in the 1980 s, which points to a fruitful future both in theory and application. In order to meet the increasing requirements of robot in different areas, future steps foresee more in-depth research and extension applications of CDPRs including intelligent control, composite materials, integrated and reconfigurable design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62103454)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2020B1111010001)+3 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2019A1515110680)the Shenzhen Municipal Basic Research Project for Natural Science Foundation(No.JCYJ20190806143408992)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2021qntd08)Sun Yat-sen University。
文摘The use of space robots(SRs)for on-orbit services(OOSs)has been a hot research topic in recent years.However,the space unstructured environment(i.e.:confined spaces,multiple obstacles,and strong radiation interference)has greatly restricted the application of SRs.The coupled active-passive multilink cable-driven space robot(CAP-MCDSR)has the characteristics of slim body,flexible movement,and electromechanical separation,which is very suitable for extreme space environments.However,the dynamic and stiffness modeling of CAP-MCDSRs is challenging,due to the complex coupling among the active cables,passive cables,joints,and the end-effector.To deal with these problems,this paper proposes a workspace,stiffness analysis and design optimization method for such type of MCDSRs.Firstly,the multi-coupling kinematics relationships among the joint,cables and the end-effector are established.Based on hybrid series-parallel characteristics,the improved coupled active–passive(CAP)dynamic equation is derived.Then,the maximum workspace,the maximum stiffness,and the minimum cable tension are resolved,among them,the overall stiffness is the superposition of the stiffness produced by the active and the passive cable.Furthermore,the workspace,the stiffness,and the cable tension are analyzed by using the nonlinear optimization method(NOPM).Finally,an 8-DOF CAP-MCDSR experiment system is built to verify the proposed modeling and trajectory tracking methods.The proposed modeling and analysis results are very useful for practical space applications,such as designing a new CAP-MCDSR,or utilizing an existing CAP-MCDSR system.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51525504)。
文摘Cable-driven parallel robots(CDPRs)use cables instead of the rigid limbs of traditional parallel robots,thus processing a large potential workspace,easy to assemble and disassemble characteristics,and with applications in numerous fields.However,owing to the influence of cable flexibility and nonlinear friction,model uncertainties are di cult to eliminate from the control design.Hence,in this study,the model uncertainties of CDPRs are first analyzed based on a brief introduction to related research.Control strategies for CDPRs with model uncertainties are then reviewed.The advantages and disadvantages of several control strategies for CDPRS are discussed through traditional control strategies with kinematic and dynamic uncertainties.Compared with these traditional control strategies,deep reinforcement learning and model predictive control have received widespread attention in recent years owing to their model independence and recursive feasibility with constraint limits.A comprehensive review and brief analysis of current advances in these two control strategies for CDPRs with model uncertainties are presented,concluding with discussions regarding development directions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52105421 and 52373050)the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.2022A1515011621)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou,China(Nos.202102080330 and 2024A04J6446)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(No.22qntd0101).
文摘Wireless millirobots engineered to infiltrate intricate vascular networks within living organisms,particularly within constricted and confined spaces,hold immense promise for the future of medical treatments.However,with their multifaceted and intricate designs,some robots often grapple with motion and functionality issues when confronted with tight spaces characterized by small cross-sectional dimensions.In this study,drawing inspiration from the high aspect ratio and undulating swimming patterns of snakes,a millimeter-scale,snake-like robot was designed and fabricated via a combination of extrusion-based four-dimensional(4D)printing and magnetic-responsive intelligent functional inks.A sophisticated motion control strategy was also developed,which enables the robots to perform various dynamic movements,such as undulating swimming,precise turns,graceful circular motions,and coordinated cluster movements,under diverse magnetic field variations.As a potential application,the snake robot can navigate and release drugs in a model coronary intervention vessel with tortuous channels and fluid filling.The novel design and promising applications of this snake robot are invaluable tools in future medical surgeries and interventions.
基金Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Project of National Key R&D Program of China:The construction of the theoretical system of Traditional Chinese Medicine nonpharmacological therapy based on body surface stimulation(2023YFC3502704)Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Program Project:Research and Development of Chinese Medicine Intelligent Tongue Diagnosis Equipment for Digestive System Chinese Medicine Advantageous Diseases(2023YFS0327)+2 种基金Research and Development of Chinese Medicine Intelligent Detection System for Intestinal Functions(2024YFFK0044)Research and Application of Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Program for Herpes Zoster Treated by Shu Pai Fire Acupuncture(2024YFFK0089)Major Research and Development Project of The China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Innovation:Construction and application of the theoretical research mode of Traditional Chinese Medicine diagnosis and treatment of modern diseases(CI2021A00104)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To propose an automatic acupuncture robot system for performing acupuncture operations.METHODS:The acupuncture robot system consists of three components:automatic acupoint localization,acupuncture manipulations,and De Qi sensation detection.The OptiTrack motion capture system is used to locate acupoints,which are then translated into coordinates in the robot control system.A flexible collaborative robot with an intelligent gripper is then used to perform acupuncture manipulations with high precision.In addition,a De Qi sensation detection system is proposed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture.To verify the stability of the designed acupuncture robot,acupoints'coordinates localized by the acupuncture robot are compared with the Gold Standard labeled by a professional acupuncturist using significant level tests.RESULTS:Through repeated experiments for eight acupoints,the acupuncture robot achieved a positioning error within 3.3 mm,which is within the allowable range of needle extraction and acupoint insertion.During needle insertion,the robot arm followed the prescribed trajectory with a mean deviation distance of 0.02 mm and a deviation angle of less than 0.15°.The results of the lifting thrusting operation in the Xingzhen process show that the mean acupuncture depth error of the designed acupuncture robot is approximately 2 mm,which is within the recommended depth range for the Xingzhen operation.In addition,the average detection accuracy of the De Qi keywords is 94.52%,which meets the requirements of acupuncture effect testing for different dialects.CONCLUSION:The proposed acupuncture robot system streamlines the acupuncture process,increases efficiency,and reduces practitioner fatigue,while also allowing for the quantification of acupuncture manipulations and evaluation of therapeutic effects.The development of an acupuncture robot system has the potential to revolutionize low back pain treatment and improve patient outcomes.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2023YFC3806900,2022YFE0141400)。
文摘The advent of parametric design has resulted in a marked increase in the complexity of building.Unfortunately,traditional construction methods make it difficult to meet the needs.Therefore,construction robots have become a pivotal production tool in this context.Since the arm span of a single robot usually does not exceed 3 meters,it is not competent for producing large-scale building components.Accordingly,the extension of the robot,s working range is often achieved by external axes.Nevertheless,the coupling control of external axes and robots and their kinematic solution have become key challenges.The primary technical difficulties include customized construction robots,automatic solutions for external axes,fixed axis joints,and specific motion mode control.This paper proposes solutions to these difficulties,introduces the relevant basic concepts and algorithms in detail,and encapsulates these robotics principles and algorithm processes into the Grasshopper plug-in commonly used by architects to form the FURobot software platform.This platform effectively solves the above problems,lowers the threshold for architects,and improves production efficiency.The effectiveness of the algorithm and software in this paper is verified through simulation experiments.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2024JBMC011)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2024Z0560M5001).
文摘This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the current research landscape in the field of soft actuation technology applied to bio-inspired soft robots. In sharp contrast to their conventional rigid counterparts, bio-inspired soft robots are primarily constructed from flexible materials, conferring upon them remarkable adaptability and flexibility to execute a multitude of tasks in complex environments. However, the classification of their driving technology poses a significant challenge owing to the diverse array of employed driving mechanisms and materials. Here, we classify several common soft actuation methods from the perspectives of the sources of motion in bio-inspired soft robots and their bio-inspired objects, effectively filling the classification system of soft robots, especially bio-inspired soft robots. Then, we summarize the driving principles and structures of various common driving methods from the perspective of bionics, and discuss the latest developments in the field of soft robot actuation from the perspective of driving modalities and methodologies. We then discuss the application directions of bio-inspired soft robots and the latest developments in each direction. Finally, after an in-depth review of various soft bio-inspired robot driving technologies in recent years, we summarize the issues and challenges encountered in the advancement of soft robot actuation technology.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFE0208700)National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(No.92163109 and 52072095)+7 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.RCJC20231211090000001,GXWD20231129101105001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52205590)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20220834)the Start-up Research Fund of Southeast University(No.RF1028623098)the State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems(HIT)(No.SKLRS-2024-KF-11)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52202348)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515011491)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Nos.GXWD20220818224716001,KJZD20231023100302006).
文摘Due to the small size,active mobility,and intrinsic softness,miniature soft robots hold promising po-tentials in reaching the deep region inside living bodies otherwise inaccessible with compelling agility,adaptability and safety.Various materials and actuation strategies have been developed for creating soft robots,among which,ferromagnetic soft materials that self-actuate in response to external magnetic fields have attracted worldwide attention due to their remote controllability and excellent compatibil-ity with biological tissues.This review presents comprehensive and systematic research advancements in the design,fabrication,and applications of ferromagnetic soft materials for miniature robots,providing in-sights into their potential use in biomedical fields and beyond.The programming strategies of ferromag-netic soft materials are summarized and classified,including mold-assisted programming,3D printing-assisted programming,microassembly-assisted programming,and magnetization reprogramming.Each approach possesses unique advantages in manipulating the magnetic responsiveness of ferromagnetic soft materials to achieve outstanding actuation and deformation performances.We then discuss the biomedi-cal applications of ferromagnetic soft material-based soft robots(e.g.,minimally invasive surgery,targeted delivery,and tissue engineering),highlighting their potentials in revolutionizing biomedical technologies.This review also points out the current challenges and provides insights into future research directions,which we hope can serve as a useful reference for the development of next-generation adaptive miniature robots.
基金Funds for the Central Universities(grant number CUC24SG018).
文摘The proliferation of robot accounts on social media platforms has posed a significant negative impact,necessitating robust measures to counter network anomalies and safeguard content integrity.Social robot detection has emerged as a pivotal yet intricate task,aimed at mitigating the dissemination of misleading information.While graphbased approaches have attained remarkable performance in this realm,they grapple with a fundamental limitation:the homogeneity assumption in graph convolution allows social robots to stealthily evade detection by mingling with genuine human profiles.To unravel this challenge and thwart the camouflage tactics,this work proposed an innovative social robot detection framework based on enhanced HOmogeneity and Random Forest(HORFBot).At the core of HORFBot lies a homogeneous graph enhancement strategy,intricately woven with edge-removal techniques,tometiculously dissect the graph intomultiple revealing subgraphs.Subsequently,leveraging the power of contrastive learning,the proposed methodology meticulously trains multiple graph convolutional networks,each honed to discern nuances within these tailored subgraphs.The culminating stage involves the fusion of these feature-rich base classifiers,harmoniously aggregating their insights to produce a comprehensive detection outcome.Extensive experiments on three social robot detection datasets have shown that this method effectively improves the accuracy of social robot detection and outperforms comparative methods.
基金supported by the Universita degli Studi di Padova under Grant No.CPDA088355/08
文摘Extensively studied since the early nineties,cable-driven robots have attracted the growing interest of the industrial and scientific community due to their desirable and peculiar attributes.In particular,underconstrained and planar cable robots can find application in several fields,and specifically,in the packaging industry.The planning of dynamically feasible trajectories(i.e.,trajectories along which cable slackness and excessive tensions are avoided) is particularly challenging when dealing with such a topology of cable robots,which rely on gravity to maintain their cables in tension.This paper,after stressing the current relevance of cable robots,presents an extension and a generalization of a model-based method developed to translate typical cable tension bilateral bounds into intuitive limits on the velocity and acceleration of the robot end effector along a prescribed path.Such a new formulation of the method is based on a parametric expression of cable tensions.The computed kinematic limits can then be incorporated into any trajectory planning algorithm.The method is developed with reference to a hybrid multi-body cable robot topology which can be functionally advantageous but worsen the problem of keeping feasible tensions in the cables both in static and dynamic conditions.The definition of statically feasible workspace is also introduced to identify the positions where static equilibrium can be maintained with feasible tensions.Finally,some aspects related to the practical implementation of the method are discussed.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62103039,62073030)the Joint Fund of Ministry of Education for Equipment Pre-Research(8091B03032303).
文摘Cable-driven soft robots exhibit complex deformations,making state estimation challenging.Hence,this paper develops a multi-sensor fusion approach using a gradient descent strategy to estimate the weighting coefficients.These coefficients combine measurements from proprioceptive sensors,such as resistive flex sensors,to determine the bending angle.Additionally,the fusion strategy adopted provides robust state estimates,overcoming mismatches between the flex sensors and soft robot dimensions.Furthermore,a nonlinear differentiator is introduced to filter the differentiated sensor signals to address noise and irrational values generated by the Analog-to-Digital Converter.A rational polynomial equation is also introduced to compensate for temperature drift exhibited by the resistive flex sensors,which affect the accuracy of state estimation and control.The processed multi-sensor data is then utilized in an improved PD controller for closed-loop control of the soft robot.The controller incorporates the nonlinear differentiator and drift compensation,enhancing tracking performance.Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the integrated approach,demonstrating improved tracking accuracy and robustness compared to traditional PD controllers.
