Objective:Children below 14 years of age are highly vulnerable to dengue infection and are at a greater risk of developing severe dengue illness.This study aimed to investigate the trends in the burden of dengue fever...Objective:Children below 14 years of age are highly vulnerable to dengue infection and are at a greater risk of developing severe dengue illness.This study aimed to investigate the trends in the burden of dengue fever among children below 14 years of age in China from 1990 to 2021 and to project the disease burden from 2022 to 2035.Methods:Based on the datasets derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021,the following data were collected from dengue-affected children aged ≤14 years in China from 1990 to 2021:number and rate of incident dengue cases,number of prevalent dengue cases,number of deaths due to dengue,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs) lost due to dengue.The trends in disease burden were examined based on average annual percent change(AAPC) and annual percent change,and the burdens were proj ected from 2022 to 2035 by using a Bayesian age-period-cohort model.Results:The incidence and prevalence of dengue fever were increased in children aged ≤ 14 years in China from1990 to 2021(AAPC=5.42 % and 5.44 %,respectively,P <0.001),while the mortality and DALYs rates were reduced(AAPC=-8.21 % and-7.55 %,respectively,P <0.001).The burden was comparable between genders,with numerically lower incidence and prevalence in boys than in girls.The lowest incidence and prevalence and the highest mortality and DALYs rates were observed in children aged <5 years.The incidence and prevalence rates were projected to increase from 2022 to 2035;in contrast,the mortality and DALYs rates were projected to decrease during this period.Conclusions:Although the mortality and DALYs rates of dengue fever decreased significantly in children aged0-14 years in China from 1990 to 2021,the incidence and prevalence increased remarkably.Enhanced surveillance and ample health education programs and preventive interventions are recommended for targeting this high-risk population.展开更多
Background Human behaviors and tumors go hand in hand.The wave of globalization has brought about a global homogenization of human behaviors,which further triggers a potential global human behavior-related cancer burd...Background Human behaviors and tumors go hand in hand.The wave of globalization has brought about a global homogenization of human behaviors,which further triggers a potential global human behavior-related cancer burden(HBRCB)convergence.Methods This study systematically evaluated the global,regional,and national metrics of HBRCBs over the last 30 years using data from the Global Burden of Diseases(GBD)2019 results and the WHO Global Health Observatory(GHO)data repository.Results The results showed the global remission and convergence of HBRCB in the last three decades and the foreseeable future(2020–2044).Overall,HBRCBs are decreasing with the global emphasis on positive dietary habits,safe sex,substance addiction withdrawal,and active physical exercise habits.Globally,from 1990 to 2019,with the development of social development index(SDI)level from 0.511 to 0.651,the HBRCBs had been decreasing from 1507.908 to 1145.344 in age-standardized disability-adjusted life years(ASDALY)and from 61.467 to 49.449 in(age-standardized death rates)ASDR per 100,000 population with changes of−24.04%and−19.55%,respectively.Meanwhile,the variance in HBRCBs among countries and territories generally showed a decreasing or flat trend.The variance of HBRCBs among 204 countries and territories in 2019–2044 decreased from 1495.210 to 449.202 in males and from 214.640 to 78.848 in females for ASDR due to all behavior risks,and from 911,211.676 to 317,233.590 in males and from 146,171.660 to 62,926.660 in females for ASDALY.The global HBRCBs was becoming more uniform due to the globalization of human behaviors.Conclusions This study revealed the significance of addressing HBRCBs as a uniform and continuous issue in future global health promotion.It also demonstrated the potential existence of a chain effect in global health,where globalization leads to human behavior homogenization,which in turn results in HBRCB convergence.Properly measuring the commonalities and individualities among different regions and finding a balance when designing and evaluating HBRCB-related global policies in the global convergence trend of HBRCBs will be major concerns in the future.展开更多
Background:Female fish farmers in coastal Bangladesh face significant reproductive health(RH)challenges due to occupational,nutritional,and sociocultural factors.However,their health burdens have been largely overlook...Background:Female fish farmers in coastal Bangladesh face significant reproductive health(RH)challenges due to occupational,nutritional,and sociocultural factors.However,their health burdens have been largely overlooked in labor and health policies.Objectives:This study aims to investigate the prevalence,severity,determinants,and emotional and relationship consequences of RH morbidities among female fish farmers in Shyamnagar,Satkhira,Bangladesh.Methods:A cross-sectional survey with structured questionnaires was conducted among 297 female fish farmers.Data were supplemented by rural appraisal activities.Descriptive statistics,chi-square tests,Poisson regression,and Structural Equation Modeling were used for analysis.Results:The study found that 59.60%(177/297)of participants suffered from moderate to severe uterine issues,remarkably menstrual irregularities(92.65%,164/177),backache(59.32%,105/177),pelvic and fatigue pain(42.37%,75/177),anemia(28.24%,50/177),with the"21-30"year age group bearing a higher physiological burden with greater relational and emotional disruptions than“31-40”year age group,and“41-50”year age group women.High exposure to occupational chemicals(81.82%,243/297)and lack of personal protective equipment(93.94%,279/297)were key contributors.Access to formal healthcare is limited due to financial hardships(85.86%,255/297),social stigma(51.52%,153/297),and inadequate health services(46.47%,138/297).Structural Equation Modeling results also revealed significant associations among RH morbidities,emotional distress,social isolation,and diminishing well-being.Conclusion:The study highlights the urgent need for integrated health policies addressing reproductive care,occupational safety,and mental health support for female fish farmers in coastal Bangladesh.Addressing these issues will improve their health,well-being,and resilience.展开更多
Background: Cancer diagnosis has been reported in some studies to have a significant psychosocial impact on both the patients and their caregivers. The estimated prevalence of psychosocial distress is between 35% and ...Background: Cancer diagnosis has been reported in some studies to have a significant psychosocial impact on both the patients and their caregivers. The estimated prevalence of psychosocial distress is between 35% and 55%. Commonly encountered psychological issues include and are not limited to fear, anxiety, and emotional distress. Many sources of emotional distress in patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic have been reported to include poorly controlled symptoms arising from a lack of access to symptom control services and treatment. Social distress is associated with social isolation, separation from family and loss of employment. Cancer patients and society have been reported to experience anxiety, despair, and stress due to the COVID-19 restrictions on community movement and hospital appointment rescheduling. The objective of this study was to explore psychosocial distress and social burdens experienced by cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive phenomenological design was employed to describe “lived experiences of patients with Cancer” during the COVID-19 Pandemic. A total of 20 participants with Cancer and COVID-19 positive were purposefully selected and interviewed. Thematic analysis was utilized for data analysis by the use of themes generated from participants’ responses. Findings: Five major themes emerged: fear, self-isolation compliance, anxiety, low income and emotional distress. The findings of the study indicated that participants experienced fear, emotional distress and anxiety when diagnosed with COVID-19. Conclusion: The experiences of psychosocial distress and social burdens were a result of a lack of psychosocial support by both caregivers and health care workers. This study recommends appropriate health education concerning psychosocial support for cancer patients and the need to have appropriate clinical protocols and materials in allaying anxiety and fear in cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.展开更多
In this issue of the Journal of Geriatric Cardiology,Huang et al. have reported the detection of coronary artery disease with electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT),utilizing non-contrast and contrast imaging te... In this issue of the Journal of Geriatric Cardiology,Huang et al. have reported the detection of coronary artery disease with electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT),utilizing non-contrast and contrast imaging techniques (EBCTA) in several subgroups including type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), coronary heart disease, and normal subjects. ……展开更多
Effect of distribution of iron concentrates between pelletized and matrix feed on the preparation of blast furnace burdens from two different kinds of fine iron concentrates (magnetite and hematite) by composite agglo...Effect of distribution of iron concentrates between pelletized and matrix feed on the preparation of blast furnace burdens from two different kinds of fine iron concentrates (magnetite and hematite) by composite agglomeration process (CAP) was explored. It was found that when the mass ratio of iron concentrate A (magnetite) to iron concentrate B (hematite) in the mixed feed was constant, the proportion of iron concentrate A in the pelletized and matrix feed significantly affected the quality of CAP products. Particularly, as the proportion of iron concentrate A in the pelletized feed increased from 0 to 100%, the yield decreased from 82.11% to 79.19% and the tumbler index decreased from 71.33% to 68.27%. The mineralization characterization results indicated that when 100% iron concentrate A was used as the pelletized feed, the crystallization styles of the outer layer and the inner layer of the pellet were different, and a lot of pores exist around hematite and magnetite phases in the pelletized part, with the weak connection of pelletized and matrix part, resulting in poor strength of agglomeration product.展开更多
The reducibility of iron-bearing burdens was emphasized for improving the operation efficiency of blast furnace. The blast furnace operation of charging the burdens with high reducibility has been numerically evaluate...The reducibility of iron-bearing burdens was emphasized for improving the operation efficiency of blast furnace. The blast furnace operation of charging the burdens with high reducibility has been numerically evaluated using a multi-fluid blast furnace model. The effects of reaction rate constants and diffusion coefficients were investigated separately or simultaneously for clarifying the variations of furnace state. According to the model simulation results, in the upper zone, the indirect reduction of the burdens proceeds at a faster rate and the shaft efficiency is enhanced with the improvement under the conditions of interface reaction and intra-particle diffusion. In the lower zone, direct reduction in molten slag is restrained. As a consequence, CO utilization of top gas is enhanced and the ratio of direct reduction is decreased. It is possible to achieve higher energy efficiency of the blast furnace, and this is represented by the improvement in productivity and the decrease in consumption of reducing agent. The use of high-reducibility burdens contributes to a better performance of blast furnace. More efforts are necessary to develop and apply highreducibility sinter and carbon composite agglomerates for practical application at a blast furnace.展开更多
Neurodegenerative diseases account for a large and increasing health and economic burden worldwide.With an increasingly aged population,this burden is set to increase.Optic neuropathies make up a large proportion of n...Neurodegenerative diseases account for a large and increasing health and economic burden worldwide.With an increasingly aged population,this burden is set to increase.Optic neuropathies make up a large proportion of neurodegenerative diseases with glaucoma being highly prevalent.Glaucoma is characterized by the progressive dysfunction and loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons which make up the optic nerve.It is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss and affects an estimated 80 million people.The mammalian central nervous system is non-regenerative and,once lost or injured,retinal ganglion cells cannot regenerate an axon into the optic nerve under basal conditions.Thus,strategies that provide neuroprotection to stressed,dysfunctional,or dying retinal ganglion cells are likely to be of high therapeutic and translational value.Advancing age,genetics,and elevated intraocular pressure are all major risk factors for glaucoma,however,all clinically available glaucoma treatments focus on intraocular pressure management and do not directly address the neurodegenerative component of glaucoma.展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on the study of the Yu et al on psychological distress in patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies.Hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies include hepatocellular carcinoma...In this editorial,we comment on the study of the Yu et al on psychological distress in patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies.Hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies include hepatocellular carcinoma,cholangiocarcinoma,gallbladder cancer and pancreatic cancer.These cancers are among the most aggressive and difficult to treat.Although improvements in surgery,drug treatments and palliative care have led to better survival rates and quality of life,the significant psychological impact on patients remains underrecognized.Anxiety and depression are prevalent at every stage of the disease,from the initial diagnosis to treatment,recurrence and end-of-life care.However,these issues often take a backseat to the urgent need to manage physical symptoms.Mental health challenges can greatly affect how well patients follow treatment plans,recover and their overall outlook.Yu et al explore the causes of psychological distress in hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers,including disease severity,symptom burden,financial stress and fears about life and death.We highlight the importance of regular mental health screenings,psychological support and teamwork in oncology care.By focusing on emotional health alongside physical treatment,doctors can build resilience,improve outcomes and address a frequently ignored aspect of cancer care.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and is the most prominent cause of dementia.In 2019,over 57.4million people were living with AD and other dementia subtypes,a number which is ex...Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and is the most prominent cause of dementia.In 2019,over 57.4million people were living with AD and other dementia subtypes,a number which is expected to increase to over 152.8 million in the next 25years.This ever-increasing burden has resulted in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases rising to one of the top 10 causes of death globally (O'Connell et al.,2024).展开更多
Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations...Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations,and functional implications of RIPK family members across various cancers.Methods:We collected multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and other public databases,including gene expression,copy number variation(CNV),mutation,methylation,tumor mutation burden(TMB),and microsatellite instability(MSI).Differential expression and survival analyses were performed using DESeq2 and Cox proportional hazards models.CNV and mutation data were analyzed with GISTIC2 and Mutect2,and methylation data with the ChAMP package.Correlations with TMB and MSI were assessed using Pearson coefficients,and gene set enrichment analysis was conducted with the MSigDB Hallmark gene sets.Results:RIPK family members show significant differential expression in various cancers,with RIPK1 and RIPK4 frequently altered.Survival analysis reveals heterogeneous impacts on overall survival.CNV and mutation analyses identify high alteration frequencies for RIPK2 and RIPK7,affecting gene expression.RIPK1 and RIPK7 are hypermethylated in several cancers,inversely correlating with RIPK3 expression.RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK5,RIPK6,and RIPK7 correlate positively with TMB,while RIPK3 shows negative correlations in some cancers.MSI analysis indicates associations with DNA mismatch repair.G ene set enrichment analysis highlights immune-related pathway enrichment for RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK3,and RIPK6,and cell proliferation and DNA repair pathways for RIPK4 and RIPK5.RIPK family members showed heterogeneous alterations across cancers:for example,RIPK7 was mutated in up to~15%of u terine c orpus e ndometrial c arcinoma and l ung s quamous c ell c arcinoma cases,and RIPK1 and RIPK7 exhibited frequent promoter hypermethylation in multiple tumor types.Several genes displayed context-dependent associations with overall survival and with TMB/MSI.Conclusion:This pan-cancer analysis of the RIPK family reveals their diverse roles and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.The findings emphasize the importance of RIPK genes in tumorigenesis and suggest context-dependent functions across cancer types.Further studies are needed to explore their mechanisms in cancer development and clinical applications.展开更多
The Chinese Government’s recent economic stimulus measures are attracting much attention because of its plan to increase people’s incomes and alleviate enterprises and residents’ economic burden.
YAN Cailing lives on the Loess Plateau in northwestern China. In spite of her lightheartedness and cheer, she actually leads an uneasy life. At 37,she has three children. When she was small, her family lived a hard li...YAN Cailing lives on the Loess Plateau in northwestern China. In spite of her lightheartedness and cheer, she actually leads an uneasy life. At 37,she has three children. When she was small, her family lived a hard life. Her parents couldn’t afford tuition fees for all their six daughters. She went to school without textbooks, always having to listen attentively to insure she would remember the teacher’s lessons. In winter, she wore thin clothes and ragged shoes. Even when both her feet were frostbitten, she still continued to go to school. In 1974, Yan Cailing was admitted to a senior high school but then failed to pass展开更多
Background:Data on the incidence,mortality,and other burden of oral cancer as well as their secular trends are necessary to provide policy-makers with the information needed to allocate resources appropriately.The pur...Background:Data on the incidence,mortality,and other burden of oral cancer as well as their secular trends are necessary to provide policy-makers with the information needed to allocate resources appropriately.The purpose of this study was to use the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2017 results to estimate the incidence,mortality,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)for oral cancer from 1990 to 2017.Methods:We collected detailed data on oral cancer from 1990 to 2017 from the GBD 2017.The global incidence,mortality,and DALYs attributable to oral cancer as well as the corresponding age-standardized rates(ASRs)were calculated.The estimated annual percentage changes in the ASRs of incidence(ASRI)and mortality(ASRM)and age-standardized DALYs of oral cancer were also calculated according to regions and countries to quantify the secular trends in these rates.Results:We tracked the incidence,mortality,and DALYs of oral cancer in 195 countries/territories over 28 years.Globally,the incidence,mortality,and DALYs of oral cancer increased by about 1.0-fold from 1990 to 2017.The ASRI of oral cancer showed a similar trend,increasing from 4.41 to 4.84 per 100,000 person-years during the study period.The ASRM remained approximately stable at about 2.4 per 100,000 from 1990 to 2017,as did the age-standardized DALYs,at about 64.0 per 100,000 person-years.ASRI was highest in Pakistan(27.03/100,000,95%CI=22.13-32.75/100,000),followed by Taiwan China,and lowest in Iraq(0.96/100,000,95%CI=0.86-1.06/100,000).ASRM was highest in Pakistan(16.85/100,000,95%CI=13.92-20.17/100,000)and lowest in Kuwait(0.51/100,000,95%CI=0.45-0.58/100,000).Conclusions:The ASRI of oral cancer has increased slightly worldwide,while the ASRM and age-standardized DALY have remained stable.However,these characteristics vary between countries,suggesting that current prevention strategies should be reoriented,and much more targeted and specific strategies should be established in some countries to forestall the increase in oral cancer.展开更多
The environmental burdens of Chinese copper production have been identified and quantified in the context of typical technologies, materials supplies and environmental emissions by a life cycle approach. Primary and s...The environmental burdens of Chinese copper production have been identified and quantified in the context of typical technologies, materials supplies and environmental emissions by a life cycle approach. Primary and secondary copper production using copper ores and scraps, respectively, were analyzed in detail. The flash and bath smelting approaches and the recycling of copper scraps were selected as representative copper production processes. A quantitative analysis was also conducted to assess the influence of material transport distance in copper production. Life cycle assessment （LCA） results showed that resources depletion and human health contribute significantly to environmental burdens in Chinese copper production. In addition, the secondary copper production has dramatically lower environmental burdens than the primary production. There is no obvious distinction in overall environmental burdens in primary copper production by flash or bath smelting approach. However, resources depletion is lower and the damage to human health is higher for flash smelting approach. Ecosystem quality damage is slight for both approaches. Environ- mental burdens from the mining stage contribute most in all life cycle stages in primary copper production. In secondary copper production, the electrolytic refining stage dominates. Based on the life cycle assessment results, some suggestions for improving environmental performance were proposed to meet the sustainable development of Chinese copper industry.展开更多
Background:Respiratory cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide,but its statistics vary between the East and West.This study aimed to estimate the burdens of tracheal,bronchus,and lung(TBL)cancer...Background:Respiratory cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide,but its statistics vary between the East and West.This study aimed to estimate the burdens of tracheal,bronchus,and lung(TBL)cancer and larynx cancer and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2019 in Asia,and at regional and national levels.Methods:This research evaluated the incidence,mortality,years lived with disability,years of life lost,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)for respiratory tract cancers using the Global Burden of Diseases,Injuries,and Risk Factors Study(GBD)2019 database.Age-standardized rates were calculated for TBL cancer from 1990 to 2019,adjusted for smoking and socio-demographic index(SDI).Deaths from TBL cancer and larynx cancer attributable to each risk factor were estimated for 33 Asian countries.Results:The age-standardized incidence and death rates for TBL cancer in Asia declined from 2010 to 2019,while the incidence rate of larynx cancer increased.Smoking was the leading specific risk factor for deaths from both TBL and larynx cancers.The burden of TBL cancer in Asian countries was influenced by SDI and smoking,particularly among males in Central Asia.Deaths,DALYs,and incidences of larynx cancer in East Asia had not changed significantly over the past 30 years,but showed slight downward trends in males and both sexes combined,and an upward trend in females in recent years.Conclusions:The past decade saw increases in numbers of incident cases and deaths from TBL cancer and larynx cancer in Asia.SDI and smoking were the main factors influencing the disease burden of TBL cancer in Asian countries.This study highlights the need for tailored cancer control programs to address the burden of respiratory tract cancers in different Asian countries.展开更多
Background Vector-borne parasitic infectious diseases associated with poverty(referred to as vb-pIDP),such as malaria,leishmaniasis,lymphatic filariasis,African trypanosomiasis,Chagas disease,and onchocerciasis,are hi...Background Vector-borne parasitic infectious diseases associated with poverty(referred to as vb-pIDP),such as malaria,leishmaniasis,lymphatic filariasis,African trypanosomiasis,Chagas disease,and onchocerciasis,are highly prevalent in many regions around the world.This study aims to characterize the recent burdens of and changes in these vb-pIDP globally and provide a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of geographical and temporal trends.Methods Data on the prevalence and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)of the vb-pIDP were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease,Injuries,and Risk Factors Study(GBD)2021 for 21 geographical regions and 204 countries worldwide,from 1990-2021.The age-standardized prevalence rate and DALYs rate by age,sex,and sociode-mographic index(SDI)were calculated to quantify temporal trends.Correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the age-standardized rate and the SDI.Results Over the past 30 years,the age-standardized prevalence rate and DALYs rate of these vb-pIDP have gener-ally decreased,with some fluctuations.The distribution of vb-pIDP globally is highly distinctive.Except for Chagas disease,the age-standardized prevalence rate and DALYs rate of other vb-pIDP were highest in low-SDI regions by 2021.Malaria had the highest age-standardized prevalence rate(2336.8 per 100,000 population,95%UI:2122.9,2612.2 per 100,000 population)and age-standardized DALYs rate(806.0 per 100,000 population,95%UI:318.9,1570.2 per 100,000 population)among these six vb-pIDP globally.Moreover,significant declines in the age-standardized prevalence rate and DALYs rate have been observed in association with an increase in the SDI.Globally,0.14%of DALYs related to malaria are attributed to child underweight,and 0.08%of DALYs related to malaria are attributed to child stunting.Conclusions The age-standardized prevalence rate and DALY rates for the vb-pIDP showed pronounced decreas-ing trends from 1990-2021.However,the vb-pIDP burden remains a substantial challenge for vector-borne infec-tious disease control globally and requires effective control strategies and healthcare systems.The findings provide scientific evidence for designing targeted health interventions and contribute to improving the prevention and con-trol of infectious diseases.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Intimate partner violence(IPV)represents a significant global public health concern.What is added by this report?The burden of HIV/AIDS related to IPV demonstrated an upw...Summary What is already known about this topic?Intimate partner violence(IPV)represents a significant global public health concern.What is added by this report?The burden of HIV/AIDS related to IPV demonstrated an upward trend from 1990 to 2019,exhibiting an annual growth of 4.66%in age-standardized death rates(ASDR)and 4.42%in age-standardized disabilityadjusted life years(DALYs)rates.Notably,the age groups 30–34 and 50–54 experienced a higher IPV burden compared to other age groups.What are the implications for public health practice?There is a pressing need for public health policymakers to develop efficacious interventions aimed at bolstering the surveillance and prevention of IPV targeted at women in China.展开更多
Purpose:Traumatic brain injury(TBI),currently a major global public health problem,imposes a significant economic burden on society and families.We aimed to quantify and predict the incidence and severity of TBI by an...Purpose:Traumatic brain injury(TBI),currently a major global public health problem,imposes a significant economic burden on society and families.We aimed to quantify and predict the incidence and severity of TBI by analyzing its incidence,prevalence,and years lived with disability(YLDs).The epidemiological changes in TBI from 1990 to 2019 were described and updated to provide a reference for developing prevention,treatment,and incidence-reducing measures for TBI.Methods:A secondary analysis was performed on the incidence,prevalence,and YLDs of TBI by sex,age group,and region(n=21,204 countries and territories)between 1990 and 2019 using the Global Burden of Diseases,Injuries,and Risk Factors Study 2019.Proportions in the age-standardized incidence rate due to underlying causes of TBI and proportions of minor and moderate or severe TBI were also reported.Results:In 2019,there were 27.16 million(95%uncertainty intervals(UI):23.36-31.42)new cases of TBI worldwide,with age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates of 346 per 100,000 population(95%UI:298-401)and 599 per 100,000 population(95%UI:573-627),respectively.From 1990 to 2019,there were no significant trends in global age-standardized incidence(estimated annual percentage changes:-0.11%,95%UI:-0.18%--0.04%)or prevalence(estimated annual percentage changes:0.01%,95%UI:-0.04%-0.06%).TBI caused 7.08 million(95%UI:5.00-9.59)YLDs in 2019,with age-standardized rates of 86.5 per 100,000 population(95%UI:61.1-117.2).In 2019,the countries with higher incidence rates were mainly distributed in Central Europe,Eastern Europe,and Australia.The 2019 global age-standardized incidence rate was higher in males than in females.The 2019 global incidence of moderate and severe TBI was 182.7 per 100,000 population,accounting for 52.8%of all TBI,with falls and road traffic injuries being the main causes in most regions.Conclusions:The incidence of moderate and severe TBI was slightly higher in 2019,and TBI still accounts for a significant portion of the global injury burden.The likelihood of moderate to severe TBI and the trend of major injury under each injury cause from 1990 to 2019 and the characteristics of injury mechanisms in each age group are presented,providing a basis for further research on injury causes in each age group and the future establishment of corresponding policies and protective measures.展开更多
Sustainability is a leading trend in the context of food production.Additionally,consumers increasingly demand safer and less-processed products.Among the different technologies used to maintain the quality and extend...Sustainability is a leading trend in the context of food production.Additionally,consumers increasingly demand safer and less-processed products.Among the different technologies used to maintain the quality and extend the shelf-life of fresh and minimally-processed food,natural antimicrobial agents offer a promising strategy to replace conventional compounds.In this regard,phage lytic proteins or lysins,such as endolysins and virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolases(VAPGHs),have been proposed as a viable option for the avoidance and elimination of undesirable bacteria within the food production chain.Even when applied exogenously,these proteins can degrade the bacterial cell wall maintaining their lytic activity.This feature,alongside their modular structure,which can be exploited for bioengineering,provides significant biotechnological potential.However,despite the promising properties of lysins,the main obstacle for their commercialization is the limited legal information regulating their use.This challenge underscores the need to navigate complex regulatory pathways.The primary objective of this review is to address this crucial gap and summarize the many prospective applications of endolysins during the different stages of food production.By doing so,we aim to provide clarity and insight into the regulatory challenges that must be overcome for the successful utilization of lysins.展开更多
基金the Military Program for Clinical Cultivation Specialty and Chinese Preventive Medicine Association.
文摘Objective:Children below 14 years of age are highly vulnerable to dengue infection and are at a greater risk of developing severe dengue illness.This study aimed to investigate the trends in the burden of dengue fever among children below 14 years of age in China from 1990 to 2021 and to project the disease burden from 2022 to 2035.Methods:Based on the datasets derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021,the following data were collected from dengue-affected children aged ≤14 years in China from 1990 to 2021:number and rate of incident dengue cases,number of prevalent dengue cases,number of deaths due to dengue,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs) lost due to dengue.The trends in disease burden were examined based on average annual percent change(AAPC) and annual percent change,and the burdens were proj ected from 2022 to 2035 by using a Bayesian age-period-cohort model.Results:The incidence and prevalence of dengue fever were increased in children aged ≤ 14 years in China from1990 to 2021(AAPC=5.42 % and 5.44 %,respectively,P <0.001),while the mortality and DALYs rates were reduced(AAPC=-8.21 % and-7.55 %,respectively,P <0.001).The burden was comparable between genders,with numerically lower incidence and prevalence in boys than in girls.The lowest incidence and prevalence and the highest mortality and DALYs rates were observed in children aged <5 years.The incidence and prevalence rates were projected to increase from 2022 to 2035;in contrast,the mortality and DALYs rates were projected to decrease during this period.Conclusions:Although the mortality and DALYs rates of dengue fever decreased significantly in children aged0-14 years in China from 1990 to 2021,the incidence and prevalence increased remarkably.Enhanced surveillance and ample health education programs and preventive interventions are recommended for targeting this high-risk population.
基金supported by the Development Center for Medical Science and Technology National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China(WA2021RW27).
文摘Background Human behaviors and tumors go hand in hand.The wave of globalization has brought about a global homogenization of human behaviors,which further triggers a potential global human behavior-related cancer burden(HBRCB)convergence.Methods This study systematically evaluated the global,regional,and national metrics of HBRCBs over the last 30 years using data from the Global Burden of Diseases(GBD)2019 results and the WHO Global Health Observatory(GHO)data repository.Results The results showed the global remission and convergence of HBRCB in the last three decades and the foreseeable future(2020–2044).Overall,HBRCBs are decreasing with the global emphasis on positive dietary habits,safe sex,substance addiction withdrawal,and active physical exercise habits.Globally,from 1990 to 2019,with the development of social development index(SDI)level from 0.511 to 0.651,the HBRCBs had been decreasing from 1507.908 to 1145.344 in age-standardized disability-adjusted life years(ASDALY)and from 61.467 to 49.449 in(age-standardized death rates)ASDR per 100,000 population with changes of−24.04%and−19.55%,respectively.Meanwhile,the variance in HBRCBs among countries and territories generally showed a decreasing or flat trend.The variance of HBRCBs among 204 countries and territories in 2019–2044 decreased from 1495.210 to 449.202 in males and from 214.640 to 78.848 in females for ASDR due to all behavior risks,and from 911,211.676 to 317,233.590 in males and from 146,171.660 to 62,926.660 in females for ASDALY.The global HBRCBs was becoming more uniform due to the globalization of human behaviors.Conclusions This study revealed the significance of addressing HBRCBs as a uniform and continuous issue in future global health promotion.It also demonstrated the potential existence of a chain effect in global health,where globalization leads to human behavior homogenization,which in turn results in HBRCB convergence.Properly measuring the commonalities and individualities among different regions and finding a balance when designing and evaluating HBRCB-related global policies in the global convergence trend of HBRCBs will be major concerns in the future.
文摘Background:Female fish farmers in coastal Bangladesh face significant reproductive health(RH)challenges due to occupational,nutritional,and sociocultural factors.However,their health burdens have been largely overlooked in labor and health policies.Objectives:This study aims to investigate the prevalence,severity,determinants,and emotional and relationship consequences of RH morbidities among female fish farmers in Shyamnagar,Satkhira,Bangladesh.Methods:A cross-sectional survey with structured questionnaires was conducted among 297 female fish farmers.Data were supplemented by rural appraisal activities.Descriptive statistics,chi-square tests,Poisson regression,and Structural Equation Modeling were used for analysis.Results:The study found that 59.60%(177/297)of participants suffered from moderate to severe uterine issues,remarkably menstrual irregularities(92.65%,164/177),backache(59.32%,105/177),pelvic and fatigue pain(42.37%,75/177),anemia(28.24%,50/177),with the"21-30"year age group bearing a higher physiological burden with greater relational and emotional disruptions than“31-40”year age group,and“41-50”year age group women.High exposure to occupational chemicals(81.82%,243/297)and lack of personal protective equipment(93.94%,279/297)were key contributors.Access to formal healthcare is limited due to financial hardships(85.86%,255/297),social stigma(51.52%,153/297),and inadequate health services(46.47%,138/297).Structural Equation Modeling results also revealed significant associations among RH morbidities,emotional distress,social isolation,and diminishing well-being.Conclusion:The study highlights the urgent need for integrated health policies addressing reproductive care,occupational safety,and mental health support for female fish farmers in coastal Bangladesh.Addressing these issues will improve their health,well-being,and resilience.
文摘Background: Cancer diagnosis has been reported in some studies to have a significant psychosocial impact on both the patients and their caregivers. The estimated prevalence of psychosocial distress is between 35% and 55%. Commonly encountered psychological issues include and are not limited to fear, anxiety, and emotional distress. Many sources of emotional distress in patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic have been reported to include poorly controlled symptoms arising from a lack of access to symptom control services and treatment. Social distress is associated with social isolation, separation from family and loss of employment. Cancer patients and society have been reported to experience anxiety, despair, and stress due to the COVID-19 restrictions on community movement and hospital appointment rescheduling. The objective of this study was to explore psychosocial distress and social burdens experienced by cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive phenomenological design was employed to describe “lived experiences of patients with Cancer” during the COVID-19 Pandemic. A total of 20 participants with Cancer and COVID-19 positive were purposefully selected and interviewed. Thematic analysis was utilized for data analysis by the use of themes generated from participants’ responses. Findings: Five major themes emerged: fear, self-isolation compliance, anxiety, low income and emotional distress. The findings of the study indicated that participants experienced fear, emotional distress and anxiety when diagnosed with COVID-19. Conclusion: The experiences of psychosocial distress and social burdens were a result of a lack of psychosocial support by both caregivers and health care workers. This study recommends appropriate health education concerning psychosocial support for cancer patients and the need to have appropriate clinical protocols and materials in allaying anxiety and fear in cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
文摘 In this issue of the Journal of Geriatric Cardiology,Huang et al. have reported the detection of coronary artery disease with electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT),utilizing non-contrast and contrast imaging techniques (EBCTA) in several subgroups including type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), coronary heart disease, and normal subjects. ……
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant U1960114,51774337,and U1660206the Open Sharing Fund for the Large-scale Instruments and Equipments of Central South University under Grant CSUZC201905the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University under Grant 2018zzts220.
文摘Effect of distribution of iron concentrates between pelletized and matrix feed on the preparation of blast furnace burdens from two different kinds of fine iron concentrates (magnetite and hematite) by composite agglomeration process (CAP) was explored. It was found that when the mass ratio of iron concentrate A (magnetite) to iron concentrate B (hematite) in the mixed feed was constant, the proportion of iron concentrate A in the pelletized and matrix feed significantly affected the quality of CAP products. Particularly, as the proportion of iron concentrate A in the pelletized feed increased from 0 to 100%, the yield decreased from 82.11% to 79.19% and the tumbler index decreased from 71.33% to 68.27%. The mineralization characterization results indicated that when 100% iron concentrate A was used as the pelletized feed, the crystallization styles of the outer layer and the inner layer of the pellet were different, and a lot of pores exist around hematite and magnetite phases in the pelletized part, with the weak connection of pelletized and matrix part, resulting in poor strength of agglomeration product.
文摘The reducibility of iron-bearing burdens was emphasized for improving the operation efficiency of blast furnace. The blast furnace operation of charging the burdens with high reducibility has been numerically evaluated using a multi-fluid blast furnace model. The effects of reaction rate constants and diffusion coefficients were investigated separately or simultaneously for clarifying the variations of furnace state. According to the model simulation results, in the upper zone, the indirect reduction of the burdens proceeds at a faster rate and the shaft efficiency is enhanced with the improvement under the conditions of interface reaction and intra-particle diffusion. In the lower zone, direct reduction in molten slag is restrained. As a consequence, CO utilization of top gas is enhanced and the ratio of direct reduction is decreased. It is possible to achieve higher energy efficiency of the blast furnace, and this is represented by the improvement in productivity and the decrease in consumption of reducing agent. The use of high-reducibility burdens contributes to a better performance of blast furnace. More efforts are necessary to develop and apply highreducibility sinter and carbon composite agglomerates for practical application at a blast furnace.
基金supported by St.Erik Eye Hospital philanthropic donations,Vetenskapsrådet 2022-00799(to PAW).
文摘Neurodegenerative diseases account for a large and increasing health and economic burden worldwide.With an increasingly aged population,this burden is set to increase.Optic neuropathies make up a large proportion of neurodegenerative diseases with glaucoma being highly prevalent.Glaucoma is characterized by the progressive dysfunction and loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons which make up the optic nerve.It is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss and affects an estimated 80 million people.The mammalian central nervous system is non-regenerative and,once lost or injured,retinal ganglion cells cannot regenerate an axon into the optic nerve under basal conditions.Thus,strategies that provide neuroprotection to stressed,dysfunctional,or dying retinal ganglion cells are likely to be of high therapeutic and translational value.Advancing age,genetics,and elevated intraocular pressure are all major risk factors for glaucoma,however,all clinically available glaucoma treatments focus on intraocular pressure management and do not directly address the neurodegenerative component of glaucoma.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the study of the Yu et al on psychological distress in patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies.Hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies include hepatocellular carcinoma,cholangiocarcinoma,gallbladder cancer and pancreatic cancer.These cancers are among the most aggressive and difficult to treat.Although improvements in surgery,drug treatments and palliative care have led to better survival rates and quality of life,the significant psychological impact on patients remains underrecognized.Anxiety and depression are prevalent at every stage of the disease,from the initial diagnosis to treatment,recurrence and end-of-life care.However,these issues often take a backseat to the urgent need to manage physical symptoms.Mental health challenges can greatly affect how well patients follow treatment plans,recover and their overall outlook.Yu et al explore the causes of psychological distress in hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers,including disease severity,symptom burden,financial stress and fears about life and death.We highlight the importance of regular mental health screenings,psychological support and teamwork in oncology care.By focusing on emotional health alongside physical treatment,doctors can build resilience,improve outcomes and address a frequently ignored aspect of cancer care.
文摘Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and is the most prominent cause of dementia.In 2019,over 57.4million people were living with AD and other dementia subtypes,a number which is expected to increase to over 152.8 million in the next 25years.This ever-increasing burden has resulted in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases rising to one of the top 10 causes of death globally (O'Connell et al.,2024).
基金supported by grants from the Tianjin Health Technology Project(Grant no.2022QN106).
文摘Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations,and functional implications of RIPK family members across various cancers.Methods:We collected multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and other public databases,including gene expression,copy number variation(CNV),mutation,methylation,tumor mutation burden(TMB),and microsatellite instability(MSI).Differential expression and survival analyses were performed using DESeq2 and Cox proportional hazards models.CNV and mutation data were analyzed with GISTIC2 and Mutect2,and methylation data with the ChAMP package.Correlations with TMB and MSI were assessed using Pearson coefficients,and gene set enrichment analysis was conducted with the MSigDB Hallmark gene sets.Results:RIPK family members show significant differential expression in various cancers,with RIPK1 and RIPK4 frequently altered.Survival analysis reveals heterogeneous impacts on overall survival.CNV and mutation analyses identify high alteration frequencies for RIPK2 and RIPK7,affecting gene expression.RIPK1 and RIPK7 are hypermethylated in several cancers,inversely correlating with RIPK3 expression.RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK5,RIPK6,and RIPK7 correlate positively with TMB,while RIPK3 shows negative correlations in some cancers.MSI analysis indicates associations with DNA mismatch repair.G ene set enrichment analysis highlights immune-related pathway enrichment for RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK3,and RIPK6,and cell proliferation and DNA repair pathways for RIPK4 and RIPK5.RIPK family members showed heterogeneous alterations across cancers:for example,RIPK7 was mutated in up to~15%of u terine c orpus e ndometrial c arcinoma and l ung s quamous c ell c arcinoma cases,and RIPK1 and RIPK7 exhibited frequent promoter hypermethylation in multiple tumor types.Several genes displayed context-dependent associations with overall survival and with TMB/MSI.Conclusion:This pan-cancer analysis of the RIPK family reveals their diverse roles and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.The findings emphasize the importance of RIPK genes in tumorigenesis and suggest context-dependent functions across cancer types.Further studies are needed to explore their mechanisms in cancer development and clinical applications.
文摘The Chinese Government’s recent economic stimulus measures are attracting much attention because of its plan to increase people’s incomes and alleviate enterprises and residents’ economic burden.
文摘YAN Cailing lives on the Loess Plateau in northwestern China. In spite of her lightheartedness and cheer, she actually leads an uneasy life. At 37,she has three children. When she was small, her family lived a hard life. Her parents couldn’t afford tuition fees for all their six daughters. She went to school without textbooks, always having to listen attentively to insure she would remember the teacher’s lessons. In winter, she wore thin clothes and ragged shoes. Even when both her feet were frostbitten, she still continued to go to school. In 1974, Yan Cailing was admitted to a senior high school but then failed to pass
基金This study was supported by The Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(ZH2018QNA08)(Zhang Zhiyuan)Academician Workstation Scientific Research Fund(2019)+2 种基金The SHIPM-mu fund No.JC201902 from the Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine,Ninth People’s Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineThe Shanghai Anticancer Association Eyas Project(SACA-CY1B06)the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.16BGL183).
文摘Background:Data on the incidence,mortality,and other burden of oral cancer as well as their secular trends are necessary to provide policy-makers with the information needed to allocate resources appropriately.The purpose of this study was to use the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2017 results to estimate the incidence,mortality,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)for oral cancer from 1990 to 2017.Methods:We collected detailed data on oral cancer from 1990 to 2017 from the GBD 2017.The global incidence,mortality,and DALYs attributable to oral cancer as well as the corresponding age-standardized rates(ASRs)were calculated.The estimated annual percentage changes in the ASRs of incidence(ASRI)and mortality(ASRM)and age-standardized DALYs of oral cancer were also calculated according to regions and countries to quantify the secular trends in these rates.Results:We tracked the incidence,mortality,and DALYs of oral cancer in 195 countries/territories over 28 years.Globally,the incidence,mortality,and DALYs of oral cancer increased by about 1.0-fold from 1990 to 2017.The ASRI of oral cancer showed a similar trend,increasing from 4.41 to 4.84 per 100,000 person-years during the study period.The ASRM remained approximately stable at about 2.4 per 100,000 from 1990 to 2017,as did the age-standardized DALYs,at about 64.0 per 100,000 person-years.ASRI was highest in Pakistan(27.03/100,000,95%CI=22.13-32.75/100,000),followed by Taiwan China,and lowest in Iraq(0.96/100,000,95%CI=0.86-1.06/100,000).ASRM was highest in Pakistan(16.85/100,000,95%CI=13.92-20.17/100,000)and lowest in Kuwait(0.51/100,000,95%CI=0.45-0.58/100,000).Conclusions:The ASRI of oral cancer has increased slightly worldwide,while the ASRM and age-standardized DALY have remained stable.However,these characteristics vary between countries,suggesting that current prevention strategies should be reoriented,and much more targeted and specific strategies should be established in some countries to forestall the increase in oral cancer.
基金This research was supported financially by the Key Project （No.71033005） from National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The environmental burdens of Chinese copper production have been identified and quantified in the context of typical technologies, materials supplies and environmental emissions by a life cycle approach. Primary and secondary copper production using copper ores and scraps, respectively, were analyzed in detail. The flash and bath smelting approaches and the recycling of copper scraps were selected as representative copper production processes. A quantitative analysis was also conducted to assess the influence of material transport distance in copper production. Life cycle assessment （LCA） results showed that resources depletion and human health contribute significantly to environmental burdens in Chinese copper production. In addition, the secondary copper production has dramatically lower environmental burdens than the primary production. There is no obvious distinction in overall environmental burdens in primary copper production by flash or bath smelting approach. However, resources depletion is lower and the damage to human health is higher for flash smelting approach. Ecosystem quality damage is slight for both approaches. Environ- mental burdens from the mining stage contribute most in all life cycle stages in primary copper production. In secondary copper production, the electrolytic refining stage dominates. Based on the life cycle assessment results, some suggestions for improving environmental performance were proposed to meet the sustainable development of Chinese copper industry.
文摘Background:Respiratory cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide,but its statistics vary between the East and West.This study aimed to estimate the burdens of tracheal,bronchus,and lung(TBL)cancer and larynx cancer and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2019 in Asia,and at regional and national levels.Methods:This research evaluated the incidence,mortality,years lived with disability,years of life lost,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)for respiratory tract cancers using the Global Burden of Diseases,Injuries,and Risk Factors Study(GBD)2019 database.Age-standardized rates were calculated for TBL cancer from 1990 to 2019,adjusted for smoking and socio-demographic index(SDI).Deaths from TBL cancer and larynx cancer attributable to each risk factor were estimated for 33 Asian countries.Results:The age-standardized incidence and death rates for TBL cancer in Asia declined from 2010 to 2019,while the incidence rate of larynx cancer increased.Smoking was the leading specific risk factor for deaths from both TBL and larynx cancers.The burden of TBL cancer in Asian countries was influenced by SDI and smoking,particularly among males in Central Asia.Deaths,DALYs,and incidences of larynx cancer in East Asia had not changed significantly over the past 30 years,but showed slight downward trends in males and both sexes combined,and an upward trend in females in recent years.Conclusions:The past decade saw increases in numbers of incident cases and deaths from TBL cancer and larynx cancer in Asia.SDI and smoking were the main factors influencing the disease burden of TBL cancer in Asian countries.This study highlights the need for tailored cancer control programs to address the burden of respiratory tract cancers in different Asian countries.
基金The project is partially supported by the International Joint Laboratory on Tropical Diseases Control in Greater Mekong(no.21410750200)from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality.
文摘Background Vector-borne parasitic infectious diseases associated with poverty(referred to as vb-pIDP),such as malaria,leishmaniasis,lymphatic filariasis,African trypanosomiasis,Chagas disease,and onchocerciasis,are highly prevalent in many regions around the world.This study aims to characterize the recent burdens of and changes in these vb-pIDP globally and provide a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of geographical and temporal trends.Methods Data on the prevalence and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)of the vb-pIDP were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease,Injuries,and Risk Factors Study(GBD)2021 for 21 geographical regions and 204 countries worldwide,from 1990-2021.The age-standardized prevalence rate and DALYs rate by age,sex,and sociode-mographic index(SDI)were calculated to quantify temporal trends.Correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the age-standardized rate and the SDI.Results Over the past 30 years,the age-standardized prevalence rate and DALYs rate of these vb-pIDP have gener-ally decreased,with some fluctuations.The distribution of vb-pIDP globally is highly distinctive.Except for Chagas disease,the age-standardized prevalence rate and DALYs rate of other vb-pIDP were highest in low-SDI regions by 2021.Malaria had the highest age-standardized prevalence rate(2336.8 per 100,000 population,95%UI:2122.9,2612.2 per 100,000 population)and age-standardized DALYs rate(806.0 per 100,000 population,95%UI:318.9,1570.2 per 100,000 population)among these six vb-pIDP globally.Moreover,significant declines in the age-standardized prevalence rate and DALYs rate have been observed in association with an increase in the SDI.Globally,0.14%of DALYs related to malaria are attributed to child underweight,and 0.08%of DALYs related to malaria are attributed to child stunting.Conclusions The age-standardized prevalence rate and DALY rates for the vb-pIDP showed pronounced decreas-ing trends from 1990-2021.However,the vb-pIDP burden remains a substantial challenge for vector-borne infec-tious disease control globally and requires effective control strategies and healthcare systems.The findings provide scientific evidence for designing targeted health interventions and contribute to improving the prevention and con-trol of infectious diseases.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China International/Regional Research Collaboration Project(72061137001).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Intimate partner violence(IPV)represents a significant global public health concern.What is added by this report?The burden of HIV/AIDS related to IPV demonstrated an upward trend from 1990 to 2019,exhibiting an annual growth of 4.66%in age-standardized death rates(ASDR)and 4.42%in age-standardized disabilityadjusted life years(DALYs)rates.Notably,the age groups 30–34 and 50–54 experienced a higher IPV burden compared to other age groups.What are the implications for public health practice?There is a pressing need for public health policymakers to develop efficacious interventions aimed at bolstering the surveillance and prevention of IPV targeted at women in China.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82260254,82060245)the Technology Project of Guizhou Province(20204Y149)+2 种基金the Technology Project of Guizhou Province(2021047)the Excellent Young Talents Training Program of the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University(rc220220923)the High-level innovative talents of Guizhou Province(GCC 2023081)。
文摘Purpose:Traumatic brain injury(TBI),currently a major global public health problem,imposes a significant economic burden on society and families.We aimed to quantify and predict the incidence and severity of TBI by analyzing its incidence,prevalence,and years lived with disability(YLDs).The epidemiological changes in TBI from 1990 to 2019 were described and updated to provide a reference for developing prevention,treatment,and incidence-reducing measures for TBI.Methods:A secondary analysis was performed on the incidence,prevalence,and YLDs of TBI by sex,age group,and region(n=21,204 countries and territories)between 1990 and 2019 using the Global Burden of Diseases,Injuries,and Risk Factors Study 2019.Proportions in the age-standardized incidence rate due to underlying causes of TBI and proportions of minor and moderate or severe TBI were also reported.Results:In 2019,there were 27.16 million(95%uncertainty intervals(UI):23.36-31.42)new cases of TBI worldwide,with age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates of 346 per 100,000 population(95%UI:298-401)and 599 per 100,000 population(95%UI:573-627),respectively.From 1990 to 2019,there were no significant trends in global age-standardized incidence(estimated annual percentage changes:-0.11%,95%UI:-0.18%--0.04%)or prevalence(estimated annual percentage changes:0.01%,95%UI:-0.04%-0.06%).TBI caused 7.08 million(95%UI:5.00-9.59)YLDs in 2019,with age-standardized rates of 86.5 per 100,000 population(95%UI:61.1-117.2).In 2019,the countries with higher incidence rates were mainly distributed in Central Europe,Eastern Europe,and Australia.The 2019 global age-standardized incidence rate was higher in males than in females.The 2019 global incidence of moderate and severe TBI was 182.7 per 100,000 population,accounting for 52.8%of all TBI,with falls and road traffic injuries being the main causes in most regions.Conclusions:The incidence of moderate and severe TBI was slightly higher in 2019,and TBI still accounts for a significant portion of the global injury burden.The likelihood of moderate to severe TBI and the trend of major injury under each injury cause from 1990 to 2019 and the characteristics of injury mechanisms in each age group are presented,providing a basis for further research on injury causes in each age group and the future establishment of corresponding policies and protective measures.
基金funded by grants PID2019-105311RB-I00(MICIU/AEI/FEDER,UE,Spain)to P.García and A.RodríguezAYUD/2021/52120(Program of Science,Technology and Innovation 2021-2023 and FEDER EU,Principado de Asturias,Spain)。
文摘Sustainability is a leading trend in the context of food production.Additionally,consumers increasingly demand safer and less-processed products.Among the different technologies used to maintain the quality and extend the shelf-life of fresh and minimally-processed food,natural antimicrobial agents offer a promising strategy to replace conventional compounds.In this regard,phage lytic proteins or lysins,such as endolysins and virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolases(VAPGHs),have been proposed as a viable option for the avoidance and elimination of undesirable bacteria within the food production chain.Even when applied exogenously,these proteins can degrade the bacterial cell wall maintaining their lytic activity.This feature,alongside their modular structure,which can be exploited for bioengineering,provides significant biotechnological potential.However,despite the promising properties of lysins,the main obstacle for their commercialization is the limited legal information regulating their use.This challenge underscores the need to navigate complex regulatory pathways.The primary objective of this review is to address this crucial gap and summarize the many prospective applications of endolysins during the different stages of food production.By doing so,we aim to provide clarity and insight into the regulatory challenges that must be overcome for the successful utilization of lysins.
