Level soil bunds (LSB) and stone bunds (SB) have been widely implemented in the Bokole watershed since 2000 through support of the World Food Program (WFP). However, the performance of them against the target of the s...Level soil bunds (LSB) and stone bunds (SB) have been widely implemented in the Bokole watershed since 2000 through support of the World Food Program (WFP). However, the performance of them against the target of the structure has not been studied. This study analyzed the effect of LSB and SB on selected soil properties, when compared with nonterraced cropland. The Bokole watershed was divided into two units. From upper watershed, three croplands with LSB (aged 4, 6, and 9 years) and three nonterraced croplands each adjacent to one of the LSB were selected. Similarly, in lower watershed, SB aged 4, 6, and 8 years and three nonterraced croplands each adjacent to one of the SB were selected. From each cropland with LSB and SB, three composite soil samples (rep licates) were collected systematically in X designed rectangular plot. From each nonterraced cropland, three composite soil samples (replicates) were collected in X designed square plot. A total of 36 soil samples were analyzed for Soil Organic Carbon (SOC), Total Nitrogen (TN), Available Phosphorus (AP), Available Potassium (AK), pH, and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) following standard laboratory procedures. Most soil parameters were not significantly different in cropland with LSB and SB compared to nonterraced. However, in LSB aged 4 years and SB aged 6 years AP and pH were significantly less than their adjacent-nonterraced cropland. In SB aged 8 years, SOC, AP, AK, and pH were also significantly less than adjacent-nonterraced cropland. Past erosion, and past land uses are likely factors contributed to the observed result. It was inferred that the mean con tribution of LSB and SB alone for crop production with regard to analyzed soil parameters was not significant in the considered sites. Additional soil fertility management practices should be incorporated for better effect.展开更多
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important cash crop in Honduras. The availability of inexpensive irrigation in the study area (Flores, La Villa de San Antonio, Comayagua) encourages rice farmers to neglect prescribed met...Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important cash crop in Honduras. The availability of inexpensive irrigation in the study area (Flores, La Villa de San Antonio, Comayagua) encourages rice farmers to neglect prescribed methods of soil and water conservation, such land leveling, puddling, and soil bunds. This study looked at the effect of failure to mitigate water loss on sloping fields. Soil moisture (Volumetric Water Content) was measured using a soil moisture probe after the termination of the first irrigation within the tillering/vegetative, panicle emergence/flowering, post-flowering/pre-maturation and maturation stages. Yield data were obtained by harvesting on 1 m2 plots in each soil moisture testing site. Data analyses looked at the relationship between yield and slope, soil moisture, farmers, and toposequential position along transects. Toposequential position influenced yields more than slope and soil moisture was not a significant predictor of yields. Irrigation politics, high water inputs, and land tenure were proposed as the major reasons for this result.展开更多
Based on the analysis of biological and non-biological factors in ecotourism development of the Bund,strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and challenges of its ecotourism development were explored from the perspectives ...Based on the analysis of biological and non-biological factors in ecotourism development of the Bund,strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and challenges of its ecotourism development were explored from the perspectives of resource,location,tourist source and policy,and suggestions were given to further promote ecotourism development of the Bund.展开更多
A study was conducted in 2007/2008 at Absela locality, Banja Shikudad District of the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia to evaluate the effects of soil bunds stabilized with vetiver grass （IT. zizanioides） an...A study was conducted in 2007/2008 at Absela locality, Banja Shikudad District of the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia to evaluate the effects of soil bunds stabilized with vetiver grass （IT. zizanioides） and tree lucerne （C. palmensis） on soil physical and chemical properties, bund height, inter-terrace slope and barley （Hordeum vulgare L.） yield. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA） and mean values for the treatments were separated using Duncan＇s Multiple Range Test. Results indicated that the non-conserved fields had significantly （p 〈 0.05） lower organic carbon and was found to contain 66% less OM from the average of the conserved treatment. 9-year old sole soil bund, the 9-year old soil bund stabilized with tree lucerne, the 9-year old soil bund stabilized with vetiver, and the 6-year old soil bund stabilized with tree lucerne had 71.20, 68.56, 52.30, and 36.12%, respectively higher percent OM than the control treatment. The trend was similar for total nitrogen. The non-conserved treatment had a higher bulk density when compared to the conserved fields. Fields with soil bunds stabilized with vetiver grass had the highest bund height and the lowest inter-terrace slope than fields treated with the rest of remaining conservation measures. Barley grain yields were significantly （P 〈 0.05） greater in both the soil accumulation and loss zones of the conserved fields than the non-conserved （control） treatment. Practicing soil conservation measures and curtailing causes of land degradation could improve the soil physical and chemical properties thereby increase land productivity of the conserved land.展开更多
During the last 20 years, land use in Kuwait was remarkably changed in various forms. Such changes resulted in positively constructive, as well as, adversely destructive impacts on the local environment and ecology. I...During the last 20 years, land use in Kuwait was remarkably changed in various forms. Such changes resulted in positively constructive, as well as, adversely destructive impacts on the local environment and ecology. In 1993-1994, a buffer zone of 15 km wide and more than 200 km long was established between Iraq and Kuwait. This allowed the restoration of biodiversity, enhancement of ecological conditions and stabilization of fragile soils. In 1991, long bund walls were constructed along the Saudi-Kuwaiti borders by Saudi Arabia and in 1993-1994, a ground trench was dug along the Iraqi-Kuwaiti borders by Kuwait. Bund walls are piles of excavated soils, 2-3 m high, 3-5 m wide and several tens of kilometers length. Constructing 1 km length of a bund wall required 2,500-3,000 m3 （1,000 m length x 5 m average width x 0.5 m depth） amount of soil, which disturbed a groundcover strip of an average area of 10,000 m2 （1,000 m length x 10 m average width）. Border trenches are ground hollows 2-3 m deep, 3-5 m wide and 220 km long. The amount of excavated soil from digging 1 km long trench ranged from 6,000-8,000 m3. Field work indicated that 1 km long of trench had disturbed a groundcover of an average area of 12,000 m2 （1,000 m length ~ 12 m average width）. Such man-induced land features are closely related to land degradation processes, as they were of adverse environmental impacts on soil, surface hydrologic conditions and natural vegetation. The main objective of this study is to assess the immediate and long term impacts of the introduced land use forms in selected areas in Kuwait, such as Wadi AI Batin （Western part of Kuwait）. To achieve such an objective, intensive field program was designed and implemented and the collected data and available information were analyzed and interpreted.展开更多
Based on investigation and literature collation,the evaluation factors of regional characteristic landscape along the commercial pedestrian street were extracted,and the evaluation system of regional characteristic la...Based on investigation and literature collation,the evaluation factors of regional characteristic landscape along the commercial pedestrian street were extracted,and the evaluation system of regional characteristic landscape along the commercial pedestrian street was established by the AHP method.The regional characteristic landscape along the commercial pedestrian street is the first-level index,including four secondary indexes of regional characteristics of road landscape,regional characteristics of plant landscape,regional characteristics of architecture and sketch,and spatial landscape experience,as well as 17 three-level indicators such as road environment landscape coordination,uniqueness of road markers and road landscape recognizability.The reliability of the evaluation system of the regional characteristic landscape along the commercial pedestrian street in Dongpo Bund was proved.The importance sequence of road landscape level,spatial landscape experience,landscape visual effect and plant landscape characteristics in the regional characteristic landscape was obtained,and it is closely related to users’ satisfaction.According to the problems found in the survey,suggestions on the transformation of the regional characteristic landscape along the commercial pedestrian street in Dongpo Bund were put forward to provide reference for the transformation and improvement of regional characteristic landscape along similar urban commercial pedestrian streets.展开更多
In 1993, the Shanghai Municipal Government put forward a plan to resume the financial function of the Shanghai Bund which was called "the Far-East Wall Street" in the past. It evoked repercussions all over t...In 1993, the Shanghai Municipal Government put forward a plan to resume the financial function of the Shanghai Bund which was called "the Far-East Wall Street" in the past. It evoked repercussions all over the international finance circles. Personnel from the Chinese and foreign financial institutions have come here to make investigation one after another. Those overseas investors formerly engaged in financial business in the Bund think展开更多
Die Grundlagen des Attischen Seebundes wurden zwischen Herbst 478 und Frühjahr 477 v. Chr. gelegt, als zwischen den attischen und ionischen St?dtevereinigungen zum Zwecke der Verteidigung gegen die von den Perser...Die Grundlagen des Attischen Seebundes wurden zwischen Herbst 478 und Frühjahr 477 v. Chr. gelegt, als zwischen den attischen und ionischen St?dtevereinigungen zum Zwecke der Verteidigung gegen die von den Persern geführten Angriffe ein展开更多
The former HSBC Building,today occupied by Shanghai Pudong Development Bank,is one of the largest iconic buildings on the Bund in Shanghai.Designed by Palmer&Turner in the neoclassic style,the building was complet...The former HSBC Building,today occupied by Shanghai Pudong Development Bank,is one of the largest iconic buildings on the Bund in Shanghai.Designed by Palmer&Turner in the neoclassic style,the building was completed in 1923.Restoration of the interior of the Chinese Banking Hall,located within the southwestern corner of the building,is now underway.This rectangular room features four columns in the centre and stucco decoration on parts of the walls;the ceiling originally had a distinctive,vibrantly colourful design in a bold mix of Western and Chinese styles.The only extant documentation of the banking hall’s original decoration includes black-and-white photographs and a short,written description.Today,all the plaster surfaces are covered over with several layers of white and cream-coloured paint fnishes.A preliminary analysis of the hall’s decorative fnishes was conducted to determine the colours,paint materials,and condition of the original paint layers.The investigation revealed that in some sections,the original paint was very brittle.Restoration by exposing the fnishes in the entire room(removing the modern layers covering the original one)did not appear feasible.This article investigates the results of the following:assessing the condition of the paint materials;identifying the signifcance of the decorations;the challenges facing the room’s conservation;and potential conservation options for the room’s decoration.展开更多
At the end of the 20th century,Swiss architect Pascal Amphoux wandered through the alleyways of Shanghai and wrote:"To foreig ners,Shanghai is famous for its skyscrapers along the Bund.Yet when we step into the c...At the end of the 20th century,Swiss architect Pascal Amphoux wandered through the alleyways of Shanghai and wrote:"To foreig ners,Shanghai is famous for its skyscrapers along the Bund.Yet when we step into the city and encounter its endLess labyrinth of lilongs(Lanes,alleyways),we inevitabLy realize that this is,in truth,a living museum of 20th-century architecture."展开更多
Huangpu District,Hongkou District,from Broadway Mansions to East Yan'an Road Intersection The Bund stretches more than 1,000 meters along the bank of the Hua ngpu River,a nd houses dozens of historic buildings dis...Huangpu District,Hongkou District,from Broadway Mansions to East Yan'an Road Intersection The Bund stretches more than 1,000 meters along the bank of the Hua ngpu River,a nd houses dozens of historic buildings displaying various architectural styles,including verandas,neo-classicaL,Gothic Revival,Art Deco and many other styles.Being the richest collection of modern architecture in Chin a,it is a vivid miniature of modern architectural history and is reputed as the"City ParLour"of Shanghai.展开更多
Land degradation is a major challenge limiting crop production in Ethiopia. Integrated soil and water conservation is widely applied as a means to reverse the trend and increase productivity. This study investigated t...Land degradation is a major challenge limiting crop production in Ethiopia. Integrated soil and water conservation is widely applied as a means to reverse the trend and increase productivity. This study investigated the effects of such integrated approaches at two sites, Jeldu and Diga, inWestern Ethiopia. A split plot design with physical soil and water conservation in the main plots and agronomic practices in the sub plots was employed. Maize (Zea mays L.) followed by groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) at Diga, and wheat (Triticum aestivum) followed by faba bean (Vicia faba L.) were the test crops. Surface soils were sampled before sowing and after the crop harvest, and analyzed for selected parameters. Soil moisture content during the growing period was also monitored. The use of soil bund increased soil moisture content, and significantly (P < 0.05) increased days to flowering and maturity, kernel weight and harvest index, grain yield of the test crops, with the exception of maize. The improved agronomic practices (intercropping, fertilization and row planting) significantly (P < 0.05) increased grain yield of all the test crops. The effect of the treatments on soil parameters may require longer time to be evident. Although the increase in crop yield due to soil bund and the improved agronomic practices is eminent, economic analysis is necessary before recommending the widespread use of the improved options.展开更多
Shanghai’s modern architectural heritage in the 19^(th) and early 20^(th) centuries is an essential aspect of modern Chinese architectural history because of its outstanding characteristics and well-preserved conditi...Shanghai’s modern architectural heritage in the 19^(th) and early 20^(th) centuries is an essential aspect of modern Chinese architectural history because of its outstanding characteristics and well-preserved conditions.Modern Shanghai architecture was transformed by the importation of Western structural technologies and materials in addition to their forms and institutions.After 100 years of development since 1843,there were over 100 important buildings in the Bund area by 1943.These buildings were built in different periods using the best available structural technologies.This study focuses on the technological dimension of modern Shanghai architecture.Based on an architectural survey and a literature investigation of the Bund buildings,this study explores the evolution of modern structural technologies in Shanghai by analysing the Bund buildings’key structural factors.The influences of the localisation and implementation of Western architecture’s building technologies in Shanghai were also analysed,including time of importation,characteristics and integration of local craftsmanship and materials.This study focuses on the method and analyses of architectural technology history from not only technological and historical perspectives,but also a social sciences perspective.展开更多
The highly anticipated Waldorf Astoria Shanghai on the Bund recently announced the first of its two buildings,the Waldorf Astoria Club,will open this summer.Located on the celebrated Bund in Shanghai,the Waldorf Astor...The highly anticipated Waldorf Astoria Shanghai on the Bund recently announced the first of its two buildings,the Waldorf Astoria Club,will open this summer.Located on the celebrated Bund in Shanghai,the Waldorf Astoria Club occupies the same spot as the former Shanghai展开更多
Before I came to Shanghai,I used to think the Bund was just a long I corridor alongside the Huangpu River facing the city’s central business district of Lujiazui in Pudong New Area.After checking the
TODAY’s Shanghai is changing greatly day by day, year by year. I was quite astonished by these changes when I was there recently on assignment for our newspaper. The International Hotel had been the most modern build...TODAY’s Shanghai is changing greatly day by day, year by year. I was quite astonished by these changes when I was there recently on assignment for our newspaper. The International Hotel had been the most modern building in the city ten years ago, but now it looked just so-so among the crowd of new buildings. The inner ring road has been built above countless shops and alleys. The Huangpu and Yangpu bridges have added to the elegance of this southern city, making it even more grand and beautiful. And a vast communications network has changed the face of the Bund entirely. Many Shanghai residents, who left for coastal cities when the policy of reform展开更多
文摘Level soil bunds (LSB) and stone bunds (SB) have been widely implemented in the Bokole watershed since 2000 through support of the World Food Program (WFP). However, the performance of them against the target of the structure has not been studied. This study analyzed the effect of LSB and SB on selected soil properties, when compared with nonterraced cropland. The Bokole watershed was divided into two units. From upper watershed, three croplands with LSB (aged 4, 6, and 9 years) and three nonterraced croplands each adjacent to one of the LSB were selected. Similarly, in lower watershed, SB aged 4, 6, and 8 years and three nonterraced croplands each adjacent to one of the SB were selected. From each cropland with LSB and SB, three composite soil samples (rep licates) were collected systematically in X designed rectangular plot. From each nonterraced cropland, three composite soil samples (replicates) were collected in X designed square plot. A total of 36 soil samples were analyzed for Soil Organic Carbon (SOC), Total Nitrogen (TN), Available Phosphorus (AP), Available Potassium (AK), pH, and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) following standard laboratory procedures. Most soil parameters were not significantly different in cropland with LSB and SB compared to nonterraced. However, in LSB aged 4 years and SB aged 6 years AP and pH were significantly less than their adjacent-nonterraced cropland. In SB aged 8 years, SOC, AP, AK, and pH were also significantly less than adjacent-nonterraced cropland. Past erosion, and past land uses are likely factors contributed to the observed result. It was inferred that the mean con tribution of LSB and SB alone for crop production with regard to analyzed soil parameters was not significant in the considered sites. Additional soil fertility management practices should be incorporated for better effect.
文摘Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important cash crop in Honduras. The availability of inexpensive irrigation in the study area (Flores, La Villa de San Antonio, Comayagua) encourages rice farmers to neglect prescribed methods of soil and water conservation, such land leveling, puddling, and soil bunds. This study looked at the effect of failure to mitigate water loss on sloping fields. Soil moisture (Volumetric Water Content) was measured using a soil moisture probe after the termination of the first irrigation within the tillering/vegetative, panicle emergence/flowering, post-flowering/pre-maturation and maturation stages. Yield data were obtained by harvesting on 1 m2 plots in each soil moisture testing site. Data analyses looked at the relationship between yield and slope, soil moisture, farmers, and toposequential position along transects. Toposequential position influenced yields more than slope and soil moisture was not a significant predictor of yields. Irrigation politics, high water inputs, and land tenure were proposed as the major reasons for this result.
文摘Based on the analysis of biological and non-biological factors in ecotourism development of the Bund,strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and challenges of its ecotourism development were explored from the perspectives of resource,location,tourist source and policy,and suggestions were given to further promote ecotourism development of the Bund.
文摘A study was conducted in 2007/2008 at Absela locality, Banja Shikudad District of the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia to evaluate the effects of soil bunds stabilized with vetiver grass （IT. zizanioides） and tree lucerne （C. palmensis） on soil physical and chemical properties, bund height, inter-terrace slope and barley （Hordeum vulgare L.） yield. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA） and mean values for the treatments were separated using Duncan＇s Multiple Range Test. Results indicated that the non-conserved fields had significantly （p 〈 0.05） lower organic carbon and was found to contain 66% less OM from the average of the conserved treatment. 9-year old sole soil bund, the 9-year old soil bund stabilized with tree lucerne, the 9-year old soil bund stabilized with vetiver, and the 6-year old soil bund stabilized with tree lucerne had 71.20, 68.56, 52.30, and 36.12%, respectively higher percent OM than the control treatment. The trend was similar for total nitrogen. The non-conserved treatment had a higher bulk density when compared to the conserved fields. Fields with soil bunds stabilized with vetiver grass had the highest bund height and the lowest inter-terrace slope than fields treated with the rest of remaining conservation measures. Barley grain yields were significantly （P 〈 0.05） greater in both the soil accumulation and loss zones of the conserved fields than the non-conserved （control） treatment. Practicing soil conservation measures and curtailing causes of land degradation could improve the soil physical and chemical properties thereby increase land productivity of the conserved land.
文摘During the last 20 years, land use in Kuwait was remarkably changed in various forms. Such changes resulted in positively constructive, as well as, adversely destructive impacts on the local environment and ecology. In 1993-1994, a buffer zone of 15 km wide and more than 200 km long was established between Iraq and Kuwait. This allowed the restoration of biodiversity, enhancement of ecological conditions and stabilization of fragile soils. In 1991, long bund walls were constructed along the Saudi-Kuwaiti borders by Saudi Arabia and in 1993-1994, a ground trench was dug along the Iraqi-Kuwaiti borders by Kuwait. Bund walls are piles of excavated soils, 2-3 m high, 3-5 m wide and several tens of kilometers length. Constructing 1 km length of a bund wall required 2,500-3,000 m3 （1,000 m length x 5 m average width x 0.5 m depth） amount of soil, which disturbed a groundcover strip of an average area of 10,000 m2 （1,000 m length x 10 m average width）. Border trenches are ground hollows 2-3 m deep, 3-5 m wide and 220 km long. The amount of excavated soil from digging 1 km long trench ranged from 6,000-8,000 m3. Field work indicated that 1 km long of trench had disturbed a groundcover of an average area of 12,000 m2 （1,000 m length ~ 12 m average width）. Such man-induced land features are closely related to land degradation processes, as they were of adverse environmental impacts on soil, surface hydrologic conditions and natural vegetation. The main objective of this study is to assess the immediate and long term impacts of the introduced land use forms in selected areas in Kuwait, such as Wadi AI Batin （Western part of Kuwait）. To achieve such an objective, intensive field program was designed and implemented and the collected data and available information were analyzed and interpreted.
基金Sponsored by Project of Handan Federation of Social Sciences (2020063)。
文摘Based on investigation and literature collation,the evaluation factors of regional characteristic landscape along the commercial pedestrian street were extracted,and the evaluation system of regional characteristic landscape along the commercial pedestrian street was established by the AHP method.The regional characteristic landscape along the commercial pedestrian street is the first-level index,including four secondary indexes of regional characteristics of road landscape,regional characteristics of plant landscape,regional characteristics of architecture and sketch,and spatial landscape experience,as well as 17 three-level indicators such as road environment landscape coordination,uniqueness of road markers and road landscape recognizability.The reliability of the evaluation system of the regional characteristic landscape along the commercial pedestrian street in Dongpo Bund was proved.The importance sequence of road landscape level,spatial landscape experience,landscape visual effect and plant landscape characteristics in the regional characteristic landscape was obtained,and it is closely related to users’ satisfaction.According to the problems found in the survey,suggestions on the transformation of the regional characteristic landscape along the commercial pedestrian street in Dongpo Bund were put forward to provide reference for the transformation and improvement of regional characteristic landscape along similar urban commercial pedestrian streets.
文摘In 1993, the Shanghai Municipal Government put forward a plan to resume the financial function of the Shanghai Bund which was called "the Far-East Wall Street" in the past. It evoked repercussions all over the international finance circles. Personnel from the Chinese and foreign financial institutions have come here to make investigation one after another. Those overseas investors formerly engaged in financial business in the Bund think
文摘Die Grundlagen des Attischen Seebundes wurden zwischen Herbst 478 und Frühjahr 477 v. Chr. gelegt, als zwischen den attischen und ionischen St?dtevereinigungen zum Zwecke der Verteidigung gegen die von den Persern geführten Angriffe ein
文摘The former HSBC Building,today occupied by Shanghai Pudong Development Bank,is one of the largest iconic buildings on the Bund in Shanghai.Designed by Palmer&Turner in the neoclassic style,the building was completed in 1923.Restoration of the interior of the Chinese Banking Hall,located within the southwestern corner of the building,is now underway.This rectangular room features four columns in the centre and stucco decoration on parts of the walls;the ceiling originally had a distinctive,vibrantly colourful design in a bold mix of Western and Chinese styles.The only extant documentation of the banking hall’s original decoration includes black-and-white photographs and a short,written description.Today,all the plaster surfaces are covered over with several layers of white and cream-coloured paint fnishes.A preliminary analysis of the hall’s decorative fnishes was conducted to determine the colours,paint materials,and condition of the original paint layers.The investigation revealed that in some sections,the original paint was very brittle.Restoration by exposing the fnishes in the entire room(removing the modern layers covering the original one)did not appear feasible.This article investigates the results of the following:assessing the condition of the paint materials;identifying the signifcance of the decorations;the challenges facing the room’s conservation;and potential conservation options for the room’s decoration.
文摘At the end of the 20th century,Swiss architect Pascal Amphoux wandered through the alleyways of Shanghai and wrote:"To foreig ners,Shanghai is famous for its skyscrapers along the Bund.Yet when we step into the city and encounter its endLess labyrinth of lilongs(Lanes,alleyways),we inevitabLy realize that this is,in truth,a living museum of 20th-century architecture."
文摘Huangpu District,Hongkou District,from Broadway Mansions to East Yan'an Road Intersection The Bund stretches more than 1,000 meters along the bank of the Hua ngpu River,a nd houses dozens of historic buildings displaying various architectural styles,including verandas,neo-classicaL,Gothic Revival,Art Deco and many other styles.Being the richest collection of modern architecture in Chin a,it is a vivid miniature of modern architectural history and is reputed as the"City ParLour"of Shanghai.
文摘Land degradation is a major challenge limiting crop production in Ethiopia. Integrated soil and water conservation is widely applied as a means to reverse the trend and increase productivity. This study investigated the effects of such integrated approaches at two sites, Jeldu and Diga, inWestern Ethiopia. A split plot design with physical soil and water conservation in the main plots and agronomic practices in the sub plots was employed. Maize (Zea mays L.) followed by groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) at Diga, and wheat (Triticum aestivum) followed by faba bean (Vicia faba L.) were the test crops. Surface soils were sampled before sowing and after the crop harvest, and analyzed for selected parameters. Soil moisture content during the growing period was also monitored. The use of soil bund increased soil moisture content, and significantly (P < 0.05) increased days to flowering and maturity, kernel weight and harvest index, grain yield of the test crops, with the exception of maize. The improved agronomic practices (intercropping, fertilization and row planting) significantly (P < 0.05) increased grain yield of all the test crops. The effect of the treatments on soil parameters may require longer time to be evident. Although the increase in crop yield due to soil bund and the improved agronomic practices is eminent, economic analysis is necessary before recommending the widespread use of the improved options.
文摘Shanghai’s modern architectural heritage in the 19^(th) and early 20^(th) centuries is an essential aspect of modern Chinese architectural history because of its outstanding characteristics and well-preserved conditions.Modern Shanghai architecture was transformed by the importation of Western structural technologies and materials in addition to their forms and institutions.After 100 years of development since 1843,there were over 100 important buildings in the Bund area by 1943.These buildings were built in different periods using the best available structural technologies.This study focuses on the technological dimension of modern Shanghai architecture.Based on an architectural survey and a literature investigation of the Bund buildings,this study explores the evolution of modern structural technologies in Shanghai by analysing the Bund buildings’key structural factors.The influences of the localisation and implementation of Western architecture’s building technologies in Shanghai were also analysed,including time of importation,characteristics and integration of local craftsmanship and materials.This study focuses on the method and analyses of architectural technology history from not only technological and historical perspectives,but also a social sciences perspective.
文摘The highly anticipated Waldorf Astoria Shanghai on the Bund recently announced the first of its two buildings,the Waldorf Astoria Club,will open this summer.Located on the celebrated Bund in Shanghai,the Waldorf Astoria Club occupies the same spot as the former Shanghai
文摘Before I came to Shanghai,I used to think the Bund was just a long I corridor alongside the Huangpu River facing the city’s central business district of Lujiazui in Pudong New Area.After checking the
文摘TODAY’s Shanghai is changing greatly day by day, year by year. I was quite astonished by these changes when I was there recently on assignment for our newspaper. The International Hotel had been the most modern building in the city ten years ago, but now it looked just so-so among the crowd of new buildings. The inner ring road has been built above countless shops and alleys. The Huangpu and Yangpu bridges have added to the elegance of this southern city, making it even more grand and beautiful. And a vast communications network has changed the face of the Bund entirely. Many Shanghai residents, who left for coastal cities when the policy of reform
