Many database applications currently deal with objects in a metric space.Examples of such objects include unstructured multimedia objects and points of interest(POIs)in a road network.The M-tree is a dynamic index str...Many database applications currently deal with objects in a metric space.Examples of such objects include unstructured multimedia objects and points of interest(POIs)in a road network.The M-tree is a dynamic index structure that facilitates an efficient search for objects in a metric space.Studies have been conducted on the bulk loading of large datasets in an M-tree.However,because previous algorithms involve excessive distance computations and disk accesses,they perform poorly in terms of their index construction and search capability.This study proposes two efficient M-tree bulk loading algorithms.Our algorithms minimize the number of distance computations and disk accesses using FastMap and a space-filling curve,thereby significantly improving the index construction and search performance.Our second algorithm is an extension of the first,and it incorporates a partitioning clustering technique and flexible node architecture to further improve the search performance.Through the use of various synthetic and real-world datasets,the experimental results demonstrated that our algorithms improved the index construction performance by up to three orders of magnitude and the search performance by up to 20.3 times over the previous algorithm.展开更多
Cell engineering is transitioning from“making cells express products”to“directly manufacturing functional structures inside cells.”This perspective outlines two-photon polymerization(TPP)-based direct writing of p...Cell engineering is transitioning from“making cells express products”to“directly manufacturing functional structures inside cells.”This perspective outlines two-photon polymerization(TPP)-based direct writing of polymerizable biocompatible materials to enable programmable micron-scale three-dimensional(3 D)functional architectures within living cells,thereby overcoming the limitations of simple endocytosis or phagocytosis.We highlight scalable workflows that couple bulk intracellular loading of biocompatible photoresists with automated TPP writing,and discuss how end ogenous proteins,biocompatible monomers,or biomate rials can be incorporated into these platforms as crosslinking elements to mitigate immune rejection and toxicity.This paradigm elevates the cell from a mere reaction vessel to an active factory,with direct implications for in vivo sensing,tracking,and precision drug delivery.However,key challenges remain,including establishing standardized material libraries,implementing autofocus and pose-adaptive control,and co-designing device architectures together with cellular functions.We anticipate that“intracellular 3 D printing”will provide a novel interface between synthetic biology and micro/nano-fabrication.展开更多
基金the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF,www.nrf.re.kr)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT,www.msit.go.kr)(No.2018R1A2B6009188)(received by W.-K.Loh).
文摘Many database applications currently deal with objects in a metric space.Examples of such objects include unstructured multimedia objects and points of interest(POIs)in a road network.The M-tree is a dynamic index structure that facilitates an efficient search for objects in a metric space.Studies have been conducted on the bulk loading of large datasets in an M-tree.However,because previous algorithms involve excessive distance computations and disk accesses,they perform poorly in terms of their index construction and search capability.This study proposes two efficient M-tree bulk loading algorithms.Our algorithms minimize the number of distance computations and disk accesses using FastMap and a space-filling curve,thereby significantly improving the index construction and search performance.Our second algorithm is an extension of the first,and it incorporates a partitioning clustering technique and flexible node architecture to further improve the search performance.Through the use of various synthetic and real-world datasets,the experimental results demonstrated that our algorithms improved the index construction performance by up to three orders of magnitude and the search performance by up to 20.3 times over the previous algorithm.
基金the funding from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFB4607701)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LZ25E050001)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52275294)State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing(No.HPMKF202412)Zhejiang Province’s 2025‘Pioneer Leading Swan+X’Science and Technology Program(No.2025C02122).
文摘Cell engineering is transitioning from“making cells express products”to“directly manufacturing functional structures inside cells.”This perspective outlines two-photon polymerization(TPP)-based direct writing of polymerizable biocompatible materials to enable programmable micron-scale three-dimensional(3 D)functional architectures within living cells,thereby overcoming the limitations of simple endocytosis or phagocytosis.We highlight scalable workflows that couple bulk intracellular loading of biocompatible photoresists with automated TPP writing,and discuss how end ogenous proteins,biocompatible monomers,or biomate rials can be incorporated into these platforms as crosslinking elements to mitigate immune rejection and toxicity.This paradigm elevates the cell from a mere reaction vessel to an active factory,with direct implications for in vivo sensing,tracking,and precision drug delivery.However,key challenges remain,including establishing standardized material libraries,implementing autofocus and pose-adaptive control,and co-designing device architectures together with cellular functions.We anticipate that“intracellular 3 D printing”will provide a novel interface between synthetic biology and micro/nano-fabrication.
