Objective To develop a preliminary subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China’s Hygienic City Initiative and to evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods The initial items of the sc...Objective To develop a preliminary subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China’s Hygienic City Initiative and to evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods The initial items of the scale were determined based on a review of policy documents and consultations with experts. The final items of the scale were confirmed through individual interviews with residents combined with the discretetrend method, critical ratio method, correlation coefficient method, and factor analysis method. Then, the dimensions of the scale were determined using exploratory factor analysis(EFA). The Cronbach’s α coefficient, split-half reliability coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) were used to assess the reliability and validity of the scale.Results A scale containing five dimensions with 22 items was established, including urban lifestyle,governance, basic functions, environmental sanitation, and amenities. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was 0.876, and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.796. The CFA results indicate that each inspection level was within the standard limit.Conclusion The preliminarily subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China’s Hygienic City Initiative demonstrates a high level of reliability and validity. Additional empirical studies should be carried out to further verify the value of the scale in terms of practical application.展开更多
This study examined the influence of the built environment surrounding rail stations on rail transit ridership and its spatiotemporal variations,aiming to enhance rail transit operational efficiency and inform station...This study examined the influence of the built environment surrounding rail stations on rail transit ridership and its spatiotemporal variations,aiming to enhance rail transit operational efficiency and inform station planning and development.Data from 159 metro stations in Nanjing,collected over a 14-d period,were analyzed to identify changes in weekday and weekend ridership patterns.The analysis included explanatory variables grouped into three categories:urban spatial variables,socioeconomic vari-ables,and transit service variables.A geographically and temporally weighted regression(GTWR)model was developed,and its performance was compared with that of ordinary least squares(OLS)and geographically weighted regression(GWR)models.The results demonstrated that the GTWR model outperformed others in analyzing the relationship between rail transit ridership and the built environment.In addition,the coefficients of explanatory variables showed significant variation across spatiotemporal dimensions,revealing distinct patterns.Notably,the influence of commuter flows led to more pronounced temporal heterogeneity in the coefficients observed on weekdays.These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing urban public transportation systems and advancing integrated urban rail development.展开更多
As globalization accelerates,microbial contamination in the built environment poses a major public health challenge.Especially since Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19),microbial sterilization technology has become a ...As globalization accelerates,microbial contamination in the built environment poses a major public health challenge.Especially since Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19),microbial sterilization technology has become a crucial research area for indoor air pollution control in order to create a hygienic and safe built environment.Based on this,the study reviews sterilization technologies in the built environment,focusing on the principles,efficiency and applicability,revealing advantages and limitations,and summarizing current research advances.Despite the efficacy of single sterilization technologies in specific environments,the corresponding side effects still exist.Thus,this review highlights the efficiency of hybrid sterilization technologies,providing an in-depth understanding of the practical application in the built environment.Also,it presents an outlook on the future direction of sterilization technology,including the development of new methods that are more efficient,energy-saving,and targeted to better address microbial contamination in the complex and changing built environment.Overall,this study provides a clear guide for selecting technologies to handle microbial contamination in different building environments in the future,as well as a scientific basis for developing more effective air quality control strategies.展开更多
The effects of the built environment factors on urban vitality have attracted wide attention in the urban planning fields in recent years,but few studies have considered the variables’relative importance and their no...The effects of the built environment factors on urban vitality have attracted wide attention in the urban planning fields in recent years,but few studies have considered the variables’relative importance and their nonlinear effects on urban vitality.Taking a Chinese metropolis—Hangzhou as a case study,this study applied the gradient boosting decision tree(GBDT)model to explore the nonlinear effects of the 5D factors of the urban built environment on urban social vitality and economic vitality and the importance of variables.The results show that the GBDT model has better goodness of fit than the traditional ordinary least squares(OLS)regression in the urban vitality models.The urban built environment plays an important role in affecting urban vitality,while built environment designs witness the most important effect.Specifically,the density of shopping facilities,medical facilities,and road networks are the most important factors affecting urban social vitality,while road network density,destination accessibility,and population density play the most important roles in affecting urban economic vitality.Finally,the urban built environment factors have nonlinear threshold effects on both urban economic and social vitality in Hangzhou,with differing nonlinear response patterns observed between social and economic dimensions.展开更多
This paper explores the association between high-density urban built environments and stroke through the spatial regression model. An empirical study based on the disease data of Wuhan in 2015 shows that high-density ...This paper explores the association between high-density urban built environments and stroke through the spatial regression model. An empirical study based on the disease data of Wuhan in 2015 shows that high-density urban built environments have a significant impact on stroke, and that the city center sees a high prevalence of stroke. Among urban built environment elements, net population density, residential land density, and building density are positively correlated with the risk of stroke, whereas the accessibility of community hospitals, parks, fast-food shops, and bus stops is negatively correlated with it. The mechanism analysis demonstrates that urban built environments have an important impact on stroke through such factors as the natural environment, physical activity, dietary habits, and social capital. Accordingly, the paper proposes that during the healthy city planning process in China, it is essential to reduce net population density and building density and relocate the older adults in city centers. In addition, measures should be taken to improve public service facilities at the block level and to control the risk of stroke in the high-density urban built environment.展开更多
With the rapid technological advancements in recent decades,virtual reality(VR)and augmented reality(AR)technologies have been increasingly adopted to address various challenges in emergency management in the built en...With the rapid technological advancements in recent decades,virtual reality(VR)and augmented reality(AR)technologies have been increasingly adopted to address various challenges in emergency management in the built environments.This paper presents a review of state-of-the-art applications in this rapidly evolving area.A total of 84 relevant articles are identified based on searching in the Web of Science Core Collection and snowballing.These papers are then organized based on a taxonomy developed in this study.Next,a range of VR/AR appli-cations presented in these papers that are aimed to enhance various processes associated with pre-emergency preparedness,responses during emergency and post-emergency recovery are reviewed in detail.The existing VR/AR applications are also described from a human-computer interaction perspective.Finally,current research trends,knowledge gaps and directions for future research are discussed.The findings presented in this paper are expected to provide a synthetic and critical review of state-of-the-art VR/AR applications for emergency management in the built environment and facilitate further advancements in both research and practice in this area.展开更多
Built environments,occupants,and microbiomes constitute a system of ecosystems with extensive interactions that impact one another.Understanding the interactions between these systems is essential to develop strategie...Built environments,occupants,and microbiomes constitute a system of ecosystems with extensive interactions that impact one another.Understanding the interactions between these systems is essential to develop strategies for effective management of the built environment and its inhabitants to enhance public health and well-being.Numerous studies have been conducted to characterize the microbiomes of the built environment.This review summarizes current progress in understanding the interactions between attributes of built environments and occupant behaviors that shape the structure and dynamics of indoor microbial communities.In addition,this review also discusses the challenges and future research needs in the field of microbiomes of the built environment that necessitate research beyond the basic characterization of microbiomes in order to gain an understanding of the causal mechanisms between the built environment,occupants,and microbiomes,which will provide a knowledge base for the development of transformative intervention strategies toward healthy built environments.The pressing need to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments highlights the urgency and significance of understanding the complex interactions between the built environment,occupants,and microbiomes,which is the focus of this review.展开更多
t This paper aims to characterize the varied urban settings community-based elderly care facilities are located,and examine whether characteristics of urban built environments influence the number of older people atte...t This paper aims to characterize the varied urban settings community-based elderly care facilities are located,and examine whether characteristics of urban built environments influence the number of older people attending care facilities for multiple services.The dataset incorporates 108 cases of community-based elderly care facilities and usage records from over 17000 users collected in the Chinese city of Nanjing.A network-based approach was employed to comprehensively describe urban built environments surrounding care facilities with a series of metrics on street morphology and land-uses.It was found that urban built environments significantly influenced the number of users attending care facilities.Facilities having more users tended to locate in places with more shops and stores,on major arterial streets of the city,or inside large housing estates in the outer city.Moreover,urban factors performed differently in affecting users of different services as services accepting spontaneous users were more likely to be influenced by street morphology.This study revealed specific urban factors facilitating older people’s usage of care resources.It also generated practical implications regarding the strategies for the planning of spatial locations and service provision to improve the utilization of community-based elderly care.展开更多
Previous studies have extensively explored the critical influence of the built environment on land values,but the non-linear relationship has yet to be fully revealed.This study aims to uncover the non-linear relation...Previous studies have extensively explored the critical influence of the built environment on land values,but the non-linear relationship has yet to be fully revealed.This study aims to uncover the non-linear relationship between land values and the five built environment dimensions using machine learning algorithms and Shapley Additive ex Planation(SHAP).The results highlight that the Gradient Boost Decision Tree (GBDT) outperforms e Xtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost),Ordinary Least Squares (OLS),and Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) in land value estimation,exhibiting higher R^(2) and lower Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE).The results illustrate that density and destination accessibility are the dominant factors,contributing 32.48%and37.38%to land value variation,respectively.We observed that the top three factors affecting land values are the built-floor area ratio,the number of floors and the number of restaurants.Additionally,the results revealed the non-linear relationship between the built environment and land values,suggesting that maintaining built environment features at optimal thresholds may increase land values.Neglecting interaction effects may lead to bias in determining relationships between land values and the built environment.This study contributes to the literature by providing non-linear and threshold identification evidence in land value determinants,offering valuable insights for urban planners and real estate managers.展开更多
China is experiencing rapid population aging.The one contributing factor affecting senior citizens’lives is the disconnect between the built environment in urban and rural areas and the behavioral preferences of olde...China is experiencing rapid population aging.The one contributing factor affecting senior citizens’lives is the disconnect between the built environment in urban and rural areas and the behavioral preferences of older adults.However,research on the relation between the built environment and the behavior of older individuals has been limited.Thus,this paper uses the most recent health tracking data on factors influencing aging in China released in 2020(China Senior Health Survey Tracking Survey).Applying traditional regression,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression,and two decision tree optimization models from machine learning,a comprehensive comparative study is carried out to investigate the correlation between the built environment and the physical activity,dietary habits,and social interactions of older age groups.The findings reveal that built environment variables most significantly impact physical activity,accounting for 52.525%,followed by social interaction behaviors at 50.202%and dietary intake at 47.991%.Furthermore,the authors identify population density and greenness rate as the built environment factors having considerable effects on the behavior of older adults.Thus,this study establishes a theoretical foundation for developing age-friendly community environments for older adults.展开更多
Road traffic crashes are becoming thorny issues being faced worldwide.Traffic crashes are spatiotemporal events and the research on the spatiotemporal patterns and variation trends of traffic crashes has been carried ...Road traffic crashes are becoming thorny issues being faced worldwide.Traffic crashes are spatiotemporal events and the research on the spatiotemporal patterns and variation trends of traffic crashes has been carried out.However,the impact of built environment on traffic crash spatiotemporal trends has not received much attention.Moreover,the spatial non-stationarity between the variation trends of traffic crashes and their influencing factors is usually neglected.To make up for the lack of analysis of built environment factors influencing spatiotemporal hotspot trends in traffic crashes,this paper proposed a method of“ST-GWLR”for analyzing the influence of built environment factors on spatiotemporal hotspot trends of traffic crashes by combining the spatiotemporal hotspot trend analysis and Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression(GWLR)modeling methods.Firstly,the traffic crash spatiotemporal hotspot trends were explored using the space-time cube model,hotspot analysis,and Mann-Kendall trend test.Then,the GWLR was introduced to capture the spatial non-stationarity neglected by the classic Global Logistic Regression(GLR)model,to improve the accuracy of the model estimation.GWLR model is used for the first time to analyze the significant local correlation between the traffic crash spatiotemporal hotspot trends and the built environment factors,to accurately and effectively identify the built environment factors that have significant influences on the hotspot trends of traffic crashes.The performance of the GWLR models and GLR models was examined and compared sufficiently.The results showed that the proposed ST-GWLR,which captured spatial non-stationarity,performed better than the classic GLR combined with spatiotemporal analysis,and improved the prediction accuracy of the models by 14.9%,13.9%,and 15.1%,respectively.There were significant local correlations between intensifying hotspots and persistent hotspots of traffic crashes and the built environment factors.The findings of this paper have positive implications for traffic safety management and urban built environment planning.展开更多
A clean environment with low carbon emissions is the goal of research on the development of green and sustainable buildings that use bio-sourced materials in conjunction with solar energy to create more sustainable ci...A clean environment with low carbon emissions is the goal of research on the development of green and sustainable buildings that use bio-sourced materials in conjunction with solar energy to create more sustainable cities.This is particularly true in Africa,where there aren’t many studies on the topic.The current study suggests a 90 m^(2) model of a sustainable building in a dry climate that is movable to address the issue of housing in remote areas,ensures comfort in harsh weather conditions,uses solar renewable resources—which are plentiful in Africa—uses biosourced materials,and examines how these materials relate to temperature and humidity control while emitting minimal carbon emissions.In order to solve the topic under consideration,the work is split into two sections:numerical and experimental approaches.Using TRNSYS and Revit,the suggested prototype building is examined numerically to examine the impact of orientation,envelope composition made of bio-sourced materials,and carbon emissions.Through a hygrothermal investigation,experiments are conducted to evaluate this prototype’s effectiveness.Furthermore,an examination of the photovoltaic system’s production,consumption,and several scenarios used tomaximize battery life is included in the paper.Because the biosourcedmaterial achieves a thermal transmittance of 0.15(W.m^(-2).K^(-1)),the results demonstrate an intriguing finding in terms of comfort.This value satisfies the requirements of passive building,energy autonomy of the dwelling,and injection in-network with an annual value of 15,757 kWh.Additionally,compared to the literature,the heating needs ratio is 6.38(kWh/m^(2).an)and the cooling needs ratio is 49(kWh/m^(2).an),both of which are good values.According to international norms,the inside temperature doesn’t go above 26℃,and the humidity level is within a comfortable range.展开更多
This study aims to examine the factors influencing the use of public parks among the elderly in Bangkok,Thai-land,amidst shifting demographics.As of mid-2024,seniors aged 60 and older accounted for 20.70%of Thailand’...This study aims to examine the factors influencing the use of public parks among the elderly in Bangkok,Thai-land,amidst shifting demographics.As of mid-2024,seniors aged 60 and older accounted for 20.70%of Thailand’s total population.With an annual growth rate of 4.89%,the country is steadily advancing toward becoming a super-aged society.The elderly population increasingly seeks not only senior-friendly housing but also accessible and inclusive public parks or spaces.Parks play a vital role in promoting the health,well-being,and social engagement of elderly individuals.This research explores the relationship between public park use and various independent variables,including public use behavior characteristics and factors associated with the use of public spaces.These factors are categorized into ac-cessibility attributes,diversity attributes,seating arrangement attributes,temperature and weather attributes,aesthetic attributes,safety attributes,and social interaction attributes.Data were collected from 299 respondents,who were asked to rate 25 questions on a 5-point Likert scale,addressing aspects related to their preferences and choices for using public parks.A binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the factors impacting elderly individuals’use of public parks in Bangkok.The results indicate that public park use behavior characteristics,along with accessibility,diversity,seating arrangements,aesthetics,safety,and social interaction attributes,significantly influence the use of public parks by elderly individuals.These findings provide valuable insights for public policymakers and park designers,offering recommendations on how to design and develop public parks that better cater to the needs of Bangkok’s aging popu-lation.展开更多
With the global economy increasingly dependent on innovation,urban discourse has shifted to consider what kinds of spatial designs may best nurture innovation.We examined the relationship between the built environment...With the global economy increasingly dependent on innovation,urban discourse has shifted to consider what kinds of spatial designs may best nurture innovation.We examined the relationship between the built environment and the spatial heterogeneity of regional innovation productivity(RIP)using the example of China's Pearl River Delta(PRD).Based on a spatial database of 522546 patent data from 2017,this study proposed an innovation-based built environment framework with the following five aspects:healthy en-vironment,daily interaction,mixed land use,commuting convenience,and technology atmosphere.Combining negative binomial regression and Geodetector to examine the impact of the built environment on RIP,the results show that the spatial distribution of innovation productivity in the PRD region is extremely uneven.The negative binomial regression results show that the built environment has a significant impact on the spatial differentiation of RIP,and,specifically,that healthy environment,mixed land use,commuting convenience,and technology atmosphere all demonstrate significant positive impacts.Meanwhile,the Geodetector results show that the built environment factor impacts the spatial heterogeneity of RIP to varying degrees,with technology atmosphere demonstrating the greatest impact intensity.We conclude that as regional development discourse shifts focus to the knowledge and innovation economy,the innovation-oriented design and updating of built environments will become extremely important to policymakers.展开更多
This study applies multi-source datasets(i.e.,Baidu Heat Map data,points of interest(POIs)data,and floor area and land use data)and geographically and temporally weighted regression(GTWR)models to elaborate the spatio...This study applies multi-source datasets(i.e.,Baidu Heat Map data,points of interest(POIs)data,and floor area and land use data)and geographically and temporally weighted regression(GTWR)models to elaborate the spatiotemporal relationships between the built environment and urban vibrancy on both weekdays and weekends,using Guangzhou City as a case.First,we verified the spatially and temporally nonstationary nature of the built environment correlates,which have been largely ignored in previous studies based on local regression techniques.The spatially and temporally heterogeneous effects of the built environment on urban vibrancy are then presented and visualized,based on the GTWR results.We found that the elasticity of location(i.e.,distance),land use mix(i.e.,diversity),building intensity and numbers of POIs with various functions(i.e.,density)are different across time(2-h intervals within a day)and space(grids),due to people’s everyday lifestyle,time-space constraints,and geographical context(e.g.,spatial structure).The findings highlight the importance of a better understanding of the local geography on the spatiotemporal relationships for urban planners and local governments so as to put forward decision-making support for fostering and maintaining urban vibrancy.展开更多
Background: In recent years, a number of initiatives aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles in health-friendly environments have been implemented.The purpose of this review is to synthesize initiatives conducted in Can...Background: In recent years, a number of initiatives aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles in health-friendly environments have been implemented.The purpose of this review is to synthesize initiatives conducted in Canada and documented in publications for the period 1995–2015 in order to gain a better understanding of their objectives and impacts.Methods: A systematic review of Canadian initiatives published over the past 20 years was conducted from multiple databases(i.e., Scopus,SPORTDiscus, Pub Med, Academic search complete, Reseausante.com, Cairn, and Erudit). In total, 264 publications were identified and retained for the final analysis based on 5 criteria:(1) publication between 1995 and 2015,(2) online availability,(3) research conducted in Canada,(4) main topic related to environments favorable to healthy lifestyles(EFHL), and(5) publication in French or English.Results: A sharp increase in the number of studies on EFHL was observed between 2010 and 2015(57%). Two major lifestyle components—physical activity and nutrition—and 2 environmental aspects—neighborhood and built environment—were the elements most frequently examined regarding adults(48%), young people(34%), and seniors(9%), using quantitative(60%) and qualitative(18%) methods. Furthermore, the analysis reveals a greater focus on the municipal(53%) than the national or provincial levels(31%).Conclusion: This work is a first map of Canadian studies related to EFHL. It clarifies the definition of EFHL and classifies its components. As well,it documents the issues raised, the research methods employed, and the role of stakeholders, while outlining a new research agenda that includes dimensions of EFHL formerly neglected by researchers, namely, political and sociocultural spheres of action.? 2018 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).展开更多
Background: Built environments that are designed to provide accessible, attractive, and convenient locales promote regular physical activity(PA).Norway has great variability in its geographic, natural, and built envir...Background: Built environments that are designed to provide accessible, attractive, and convenient locales promote regular physical activity(PA).Norway has great variability in its geographic, natural, and built environment features. Urban areas have well-developed built environment features, whereas the rural areas are less walkable and this may influence the mode of transport. In general, active transport is more common in urban centers. Further, public transportation is more developed in urban areas, whereas motorized transport may be more widespread in the rural areas. Despite this, in Sogn & Fjordane, a rural county in western Norway, high PA levels are frequently observed. Thus, the aims of this study were to(1) explore perceived built environment features and characterize their associations with objectively measured PA levels in Norwegian adults and(2) explore the differences in these correlates between Sogn & Fjordane and the rest of Norway.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants used questionnaires to rate perceptions of their built environments, and their PA was objectively measured for 7 consecutive days using the Acti Graph GT1 M accelerometer. There were 972 Norwegian adults who were included in the study. The average age was 46.9 ± 6.5 years and 43.8% of participants were men. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression.Results: Total PA and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) were both associated with perceived walkability, the community perception score, and active transport for commuting(all p ≤ 0.004). We also observed geographic-area-specific associations: the community perception score was negatively associated with total PA and MVPA in the rest of Norway(p ≤ 0.012) but not in Sogn & Fjordane. Public transport for commuting was positively associated with MVPA in Sogn & Fjordane(p = 0.03) but not in the rest of Norway.Conclusion: Total PA level and MVPA were associated with built environment factors, such as perceptions of community, perceived walkability,and engaging in active transport for commuting. Geographic differences in the PA correlates were observed, and thus, locally customized environmental population approaches aimed at increasing PA levels may be essential complements to individual behavior and lifestyle strategies.Further, objective measures of Norwegian built environments, such as geographic information system data, and validated walk-and bike-scores would advance the field.展开更多
Promoting active travel behavior and decreasing transport-related carbon dioxide （CO2） emissions have become a priority in many Chinese cities experiencing rapid urban sprawl and greater automobile dependence. Howev...Promoting active travel behavior and decreasing transport-related carbon dioxide （CO2） emissions have become a priority in many Chinese cities experiencing rapid urban sprawl and greater automobile dependence. However, there are few studies that holistically examine the physical and social factors associated with travel CO2 emissions. Using a survey of 1525 shoppers conducted in Shenyang, China, this study estimated shopping-related travel CO2 emissions and examined how the built environment and individual socioeconomic characteristics contribute to shopping travel behavior and associated C02 emissions. We found that, firstly, private car trips generate nearly eight times more carbon emissions than shopping trips using public transport, on average. Second, there was sig- nificant spatial autocorrelation with CO2 emissions per trip, and the highest carbon emissions were clustered in the inner suburbs and between the first and second circumferential roads. Third, shopping travel CO2 emissions per trip were negatively correlated with sev- eral built environment features including population density, the quantity of public transport stations, road density, and shop density. They were also found to be significantly related to the individual socio-eeonomic characteristics of car ownership, employment status, and education level using a multinomial logistic regression model. These empirical findings have important policy implications, assisting in the development of measures that contribute to the sustainability of urban transportation and meet carbon mitigation targets.展开更多
Objective To assess the subjective perception of residents on the built environment in hygienic cities and its relation to the self-rated health(SRH)status of residents,providing a basis for a better promotion on cons...Objective To assess the subjective perception of residents on the built environment in hygienic cities and its relation to the self-rated health(SRH)status of residents,providing a basis for a better promotion on construction of health-supportive environments.Methods The online survey was adopted with the respondents recruited from residents living in Chaoyang District of Beijing in January 2021.With SRH level as the dependent variable,two-category logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the impact of the built environment in hygienic cities on the SRH status of residents.Results A total of 1,357 respondents were enrolled in this study.After controlling confounding factors,four aspects in the built environment in hygienic cities were detected remarkable influences on the SRH level of residents,including enough green space in the living area[odds ratio(OR)=1.395,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.055–1.845],clean and hygienic living environment(OR=1.472,95%CI:1.107–1.956),residents’confidence in drinking water safety in the living area(OR=1.856,95%CI:1.354–2.544)and residents’confidence in food safety in the living area(OR=1.405,95%CI:1.027–1.921).Conclusion Regarding city construction,the government should focus more on the subjective perception of residents on built environments to build a supportive environment benefiting the health of residents.展开更多
Researchers have been trying to identify the contributory factors behind pedestrian crash occurrences through studies at both microscopic and macroscopic levels.However,built environment-related factors have primarily...Researchers have been trying to identify the contributory factors behind pedestrian crash occurrences through studies at both microscopic and macroscopic levels.However,built environment-related factors have primarily been examined in developed countries,resulting in a limited understanding of the phenomenon in the context of developing countries.Methodologically,these studies mostly used global regression models,which failed to incorporate spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity.Additionally,some of these studies applied spatial regression models randomly without following a comprehensive logical framework behind their selections.Our study aimed to develop a comprehensive spatial regression modeling framework to examine the relationships between pedestrian crash occurrences and the built environment at the macroscopic level in a megacity,Dhaka,the capital of a developing country:Bangladesh.Using secondary pedestrian crash data,the study applied one global non-spatial model,two global spatial regression models,and two local spatial regression models following a comprehensive spatial regression modeling framework.The factors which significantly contributed to pedestrian crash occurrences in Dhaka were employed person density,mixed and recreational land use density,primary road density,major intersection density,and share of non-motorized modes.Except for the last factor,all the other ones were positively related to pedestrian crash density.Among the five models used in this study,the multiscale geographically weighted regression(MGWR)performed the best as it calibrated each local relationship with a distant spatial scale parameter.The findings and recommendations presented in this study would be useful for reducing pedestrian crashes and choosing the appropriate modeling technique for crash analysis.展开更多
基金supported by Operation Project of Public Health Emergency Response Mechanism of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention [131031001000150001]FIDELIS-Hubei Program [No. 2004-fid-4-034]。
文摘Objective To develop a preliminary subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China’s Hygienic City Initiative and to evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods The initial items of the scale were determined based on a review of policy documents and consultations with experts. The final items of the scale were confirmed through individual interviews with residents combined with the discretetrend method, critical ratio method, correlation coefficient method, and factor analysis method. Then, the dimensions of the scale were determined using exploratory factor analysis(EFA). The Cronbach’s α coefficient, split-half reliability coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) were used to assess the reliability and validity of the scale.Results A scale containing five dimensions with 22 items was established, including urban lifestyle,governance, basic functions, environmental sanitation, and amenities. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was 0.876, and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.796. The CFA results indicate that each inspection level was within the standard limit.Conclusion The preliminarily subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China’s Hygienic City Initiative demonstrates a high level of reliability and validity. Additional empirical studies should be carried out to further verify the value of the scale in terms of practical application.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3800201).
文摘This study examined the influence of the built environment surrounding rail stations on rail transit ridership and its spatiotemporal variations,aiming to enhance rail transit operational efficiency and inform station planning and development.Data from 159 metro stations in Nanjing,collected over a 14-d period,were analyzed to identify changes in weekday and weekend ridership patterns.The analysis included explanatory variables grouped into three categories:urban spatial variables,socioeconomic vari-ables,and transit service variables.A geographically and temporally weighted regression(GTWR)model was developed,and its performance was compared with that of ordinary least squares(OLS)and geographically weighted regression(GWR)models.The results demonstrated that the GTWR model outperformed others in analyzing the relationship between rail transit ridership and the built environment.In addition,the coefficients of explanatory variables showed significant variation across spatiotemporal dimensions,revealing distinct patterns.Notably,the influence of commuter flows led to more pronounced temporal heterogeneity in the coefficients observed on weekdays.These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing urban public transportation systems and advancing integrated urban rail development.
文摘As globalization accelerates,microbial contamination in the built environment poses a major public health challenge.Especially since Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19),microbial sterilization technology has become a crucial research area for indoor air pollution control in order to create a hygienic and safe built environment.Based on this,the study reviews sterilization technologies in the built environment,focusing on the principles,efficiency and applicability,revealing advantages and limitations,and summarizing current research advances.Despite the efficacy of single sterilization technologies in specific environments,the corresponding side effects still exist.Thus,this review highlights the efficiency of hybrid sterilization technologies,providing an in-depth understanding of the practical application in the built environment.Also,it presents an outlook on the future direction of sterilization technology,including the development of new methods that are more efficient,energy-saving,and targeted to better address microbial contamination in the complex and changing built environment.Overall,this study provides a clear guide for selecting technologies to handle microbial contamination in different building environments in the future,as well as a scientific basis for developing more effective air quality control strategies.
基金National Social Science Foundation of China,No.20FJLB025National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42471207,No.42471203Zhejiang Province Philosophy and Social Science Planning,Zhijiang Youth Special Project,24ZJQN118Y。
文摘The effects of the built environment factors on urban vitality have attracted wide attention in the urban planning fields in recent years,but few studies have considered the variables’relative importance and their nonlinear effects on urban vitality.Taking a Chinese metropolis—Hangzhou as a case study,this study applied the gradient boosting decision tree(GBDT)model to explore the nonlinear effects of the 5D factors of the urban built environment on urban social vitality and economic vitality and the importance of variables.The results show that the GBDT model has better goodness of fit than the traditional ordinary least squares(OLS)regression in the urban vitality models.The urban built environment plays an important role in affecting urban vitality,while built environment designs witness the most important effect.Specifically,the density of shopping facilities,medical facilities,and road networks are the most important factors affecting urban social vitality,while road network density,destination accessibility,and population density play the most important roles in affecting urban economic vitality.Finally,the urban built environment factors have nonlinear threshold effects on both urban economic and social vitality in Hangzhou,with differing nonlinear response patterns observed between social and economic dimensions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41971179,41422103,41771167)the Youth Fund for the Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education(No.17YJC840045)。
文摘This paper explores the association between high-density urban built environments and stroke through the spatial regression model. An empirical study based on the disease data of Wuhan in 2015 shows that high-density urban built environments have a significant impact on stroke, and that the city center sees a high prevalence of stroke. Among urban built environment elements, net population density, residential land density, and building density are positively correlated with the risk of stroke, whereas the accessibility of community hospitals, parks, fast-food shops, and bus stops is negatively correlated with it. The mechanism analysis demonstrates that urban built environments have an important impact on stroke through such factors as the natural environment, physical activity, dietary habits, and social capital. Accordingly, the paper proposes that during the healthy city planning process in China, it is essential to reduce net population density and building density and relocate the older adults in city centers. In addition, measures should be taken to improve public service facilities at the block level and to control the risk of stroke in the high-density urban built environment.
基金This material is based on work supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2017YFC0803300the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant No.71603145+1 种基金the Humanities and Social Sciences Fund of the Ministry of Educa-tion of China(MOE)under Grant No.16YJC630052The authors are grateful for the support of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(MOST),NSFC and MOE.
文摘With the rapid technological advancements in recent decades,virtual reality(VR)and augmented reality(AR)technologies have been increasingly adopted to address various challenges in emergency management in the built environments.This paper presents a review of state-of-the-art applications in this rapidly evolving area.A total of 84 relevant articles are identified based on searching in the Web of Science Core Collection and snowballing.These papers are then organized based on a taxonomy developed in this study.Next,a range of VR/AR appli-cations presented in these papers that are aimed to enhance various processes associated with pre-emergency preparedness,responses during emergency and post-emergency recovery are reviewed in detail.The existing VR/AR applications are also described from a human-computer interaction perspective.Finally,current research trends,knowledge gaps and directions for future research are discussed.The findings presented in this paper are expected to provide a synthetic and critical review of state-of-the-art VR/AR applications for emergency management in the built environment and facilitate further advancements in both research and practice in this area.
基金This work is partly supported by US National Science Foundation(Award No.1952140 and 2026719).Any opinions,findings recommendations,and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors,and do not necessarily reflect the views of US National Science Foundation.
文摘Built environments,occupants,and microbiomes constitute a system of ecosystems with extensive interactions that impact one another.Understanding the interactions between these systems is essential to develop strategies for effective management of the built environment and its inhabitants to enhance public health and well-being.Numerous studies have been conducted to characterize the microbiomes of the built environment.This review summarizes current progress in understanding the interactions between attributes of built environments and occupant behaviors that shape the structure and dynamics of indoor microbial communities.In addition,this review also discusses the challenges and future research needs in the field of microbiomes of the built environment that necessitate research beyond the basic characterization of microbiomes in order to gain an understanding of the causal mechanisms between the built environment,occupants,and microbiomes,which will provide a knowledge base for the development of transformative intervention strategies toward healthy built environments.The pressing need to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments highlights the urgency and significance of understanding the complex interactions between the built environment,occupants,and microbiomes,which is the focus of this review.
基金supported by the China Scholarship Council(Grant No.201806090302).
文摘t This paper aims to characterize the varied urban settings community-based elderly care facilities are located,and examine whether characteristics of urban built environments influence the number of older people attending care facilities for multiple services.The dataset incorporates 108 cases of community-based elderly care facilities and usage records from over 17000 users collected in the Chinese city of Nanjing.A network-based approach was employed to comprehensively describe urban built environments surrounding care facilities with a series of metrics on street morphology and land-uses.It was found that urban built environments significantly influenced the number of users attending care facilities.Facilities having more users tended to locate in places with more shops and stores,on major arterial streets of the city,or inside large housing estates in the outer city.Moreover,urban factors performed differently in affecting users of different services as services accepting spontaneous users were more likely to be influenced by street morphology.This study revealed specific urban factors facilitating older people’s usage of care resources.It also generated practical implications regarding the strategies for the planning of spatial locations and service provision to improve the utilization of community-based elderly care.
文摘Previous studies have extensively explored the critical influence of the built environment on land values,but the non-linear relationship has yet to be fully revealed.This study aims to uncover the non-linear relationship between land values and the five built environment dimensions using machine learning algorithms and Shapley Additive ex Planation(SHAP).The results highlight that the Gradient Boost Decision Tree (GBDT) outperforms e Xtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost),Ordinary Least Squares (OLS),and Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) in land value estimation,exhibiting higher R^(2) and lower Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE).The results illustrate that density and destination accessibility are the dominant factors,contributing 32.48%and37.38%to land value variation,respectively.We observed that the top three factors affecting land values are the built-floor area ratio,the number of floors and the number of restaurants.Additionally,the results revealed the non-linear relationship between the built environment and land values,suggesting that maintaining built environment features at optimal thresholds may increase land values.Neglecting interaction effects may lead to bias in determining relationships between land values and the built environment.This study contributes to the literature by providing non-linear and threshold identification evidence in land value determinants,offering valuable insights for urban planners and real estate managers.
基金supported by the Special Funds for Cultivation of Guangdong College Students’Scientific and Technological Innovation(“Climbing Program”Special Funds)[Grant No.pdjh2024a053]National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for Undergraduate[Grant No.S202310559083].
文摘China is experiencing rapid population aging.The one contributing factor affecting senior citizens’lives is the disconnect between the built environment in urban and rural areas and the behavioral preferences of older adults.However,research on the relation between the built environment and the behavior of older individuals has been limited.Thus,this paper uses the most recent health tracking data on factors influencing aging in China released in 2020(China Senior Health Survey Tracking Survey).Applying traditional regression,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression,and two decision tree optimization models from machine learning,a comprehensive comparative study is carried out to investigate the correlation between the built environment and the physical activity,dietary habits,and social interactions of older age groups.The findings reveal that built environment variables most significantly impact physical activity,accounting for 52.525%,followed by social interaction behaviors at 50.202%and dietary intake at 47.991%.Furthermore,the authors identify population density and greenness rate as the built environment factors having considerable effects on the behavior of older adults.Thus,this study establishes a theoretical foundation for developing age-friendly community environments for older adults.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 42101449,42090012 and 61825103]the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China[grant numbers 2022CFB773 and 2020CFA001]+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province,China[grant number 2022BAA048]the Chutian Scholar Program of Hubei Provincethe Yellow Crane Talent Scheme.
文摘Road traffic crashes are becoming thorny issues being faced worldwide.Traffic crashes are spatiotemporal events and the research on the spatiotemporal patterns and variation trends of traffic crashes has been carried out.However,the impact of built environment on traffic crash spatiotemporal trends has not received much attention.Moreover,the spatial non-stationarity between the variation trends of traffic crashes and their influencing factors is usually neglected.To make up for the lack of analysis of built environment factors influencing spatiotemporal hotspot trends in traffic crashes,this paper proposed a method of“ST-GWLR”for analyzing the influence of built environment factors on spatiotemporal hotspot trends of traffic crashes by combining the spatiotemporal hotspot trend analysis and Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression(GWLR)modeling methods.Firstly,the traffic crash spatiotemporal hotspot trends were explored using the space-time cube model,hotspot analysis,and Mann-Kendall trend test.Then,the GWLR was introduced to capture the spatial non-stationarity neglected by the classic Global Logistic Regression(GLR)model,to improve the accuracy of the model estimation.GWLR model is used for the first time to analyze the significant local correlation between the traffic crash spatiotemporal hotspot trends and the built environment factors,to accurately and effectively identify the built environment factors that have significant influences on the hotspot trends of traffic crashes.The performance of the GWLR models and GLR models was examined and compared sufficiently.The results showed that the proposed ST-GWLR,which captured spatial non-stationarity,performed better than the classic GLR combined with spatiotemporal analysis,and improved the prediction accuracy of the models by 14.9%,13.9%,and 15.1%,respectively.There were significant local correlations between intensifying hotspots and persistent hotspots of traffic crashes and the built environment factors.The findings of this paper have positive implications for traffic safety management and urban built environment planning.
文摘A clean environment with low carbon emissions is the goal of research on the development of green and sustainable buildings that use bio-sourced materials in conjunction with solar energy to create more sustainable cities.This is particularly true in Africa,where there aren’t many studies on the topic.The current study suggests a 90 m^(2) model of a sustainable building in a dry climate that is movable to address the issue of housing in remote areas,ensures comfort in harsh weather conditions,uses solar renewable resources—which are plentiful in Africa—uses biosourced materials,and examines how these materials relate to temperature and humidity control while emitting minimal carbon emissions.In order to solve the topic under consideration,the work is split into two sections:numerical and experimental approaches.Using TRNSYS and Revit,the suggested prototype building is examined numerically to examine the impact of orientation,envelope composition made of bio-sourced materials,and carbon emissions.Through a hygrothermal investigation,experiments are conducted to evaluate this prototype’s effectiveness.Furthermore,an examination of the photovoltaic system’s production,consumption,and several scenarios used tomaximize battery life is included in the paper.Because the biosourcedmaterial achieves a thermal transmittance of 0.15(W.m^(-2).K^(-1)),the results demonstrate an intriguing finding in terms of comfort.This value satisfies the requirements of passive building,energy autonomy of the dwelling,and injection in-network with an annual value of 15,757 kWh.Additionally,compared to the literature,the heating needs ratio is 6.38(kWh/m^(2).an)and the cooling needs ratio is 49(kWh/m^(2).an),both of which are good values.According to international norms,the inside temperature doesn’t go above 26℃,and the humidity level is within a comfortable range.
文摘This study aims to examine the factors influencing the use of public parks among the elderly in Bangkok,Thai-land,amidst shifting demographics.As of mid-2024,seniors aged 60 and older accounted for 20.70%of Thailand’s total population.With an annual growth rate of 4.89%,the country is steadily advancing toward becoming a super-aged society.The elderly population increasingly seeks not only senior-friendly housing but also accessible and inclusive public parks or spaces.Parks play a vital role in promoting the health,well-being,and social engagement of elderly individuals.This research explores the relationship between public park use and various independent variables,including public use behavior characteristics and factors associated with the use of public spaces.These factors are categorized into ac-cessibility attributes,diversity attributes,seating arrangement attributes,temperature and weather attributes,aesthetic attributes,safety attributes,and social interaction attributes.Data were collected from 299 respondents,who were asked to rate 25 questions on a 5-point Likert scale,addressing aspects related to their preferences and choices for using public parks.A binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the factors impacting elderly individuals’use of public parks in Bangkok.The results indicate that public park use behavior characteristics,along with accessibility,diversity,seating arrangements,aesthetics,safety,and social interaction attributes,significantly influence the use of public parks by elderly individuals.These findings provide valuable insights for public policymakers and park designers,offering recommendations on how to design and develop public parks that better cater to the needs of Bangkok’s aging popu-lation.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41871150)GDAS7 Project of Science and Technology Development(No.2021GDASYL-20210103004)+2 种基金National Key Research and Development Program(No.2019YFB2103-101)Special Construction Project of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Strategic Research Institute(No.2020GDA-SYL-20200201001)Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)(No.GML2019ZD0301)。
文摘With the global economy increasingly dependent on innovation,urban discourse has shifted to consider what kinds of spatial designs may best nurture innovation.We examined the relationship between the built environment and the spatial heterogeneity of regional innovation productivity(RIP)using the example of China's Pearl River Delta(PRD).Based on a spatial database of 522546 patent data from 2017,this study proposed an innovation-based built environment framework with the following five aspects:healthy en-vironment,daily interaction,mixed land use,commuting convenience,and technology atmosphere.Combining negative binomial regression and Geodetector to examine the impact of the built environment on RIP,the results show that the spatial distribution of innovation productivity in the PRD region is extremely uneven.The negative binomial regression results show that the built environment has a significant impact on the spatial differentiation of RIP,and,specifically,that healthy environment,mixed land use,commuting convenience,and technology atmosphere all demonstrate significant positive impacts.Meanwhile,the Geodetector results show that the built environment factor impacts the spatial heterogeneity of RIP to varying degrees,with technology atmosphere demonstrating the greatest impact intensity.We conclude that as regional development discourse shifts focus to the knowledge and innovation economy,the innovation-oriented design and updating of built environments will become extremely important to policymakers.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41901191,41930646)Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(No.311020017)。
文摘This study applies multi-source datasets(i.e.,Baidu Heat Map data,points of interest(POIs)data,and floor area and land use data)and geographically and temporally weighted regression(GTWR)models to elaborate the spatiotemporal relationships between the built environment and urban vibrancy on both weekdays and weekends,using Guangzhou City as a case.First,we verified the spatially and temporally nonstationary nature of the built environment correlates,which have been largely ignored in previous studies based on local regression techniques.The spatially and temporally heterogeneous effects of the built environment on urban vibrancy are then presented and visualized,based on the GTWR results.We found that the elasticity of location(i.e.,distance),land use mix(i.e.,diversity),building intensity and numbers of POIs with various functions(i.e.,density)are different across time(2-h intervals within a day)and space(grids),due to people’s everyday lifestyle,time-space constraints,and geographical context(e.g.,spatial structure).The findings highlight the importance of a better understanding of the local geography on the spatiotemporal relationships for urban planners and local governments so as to put forward decision-making support for fostering and maintaining urban vibrancy.
文摘Background: In recent years, a number of initiatives aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles in health-friendly environments have been implemented.The purpose of this review is to synthesize initiatives conducted in Canada and documented in publications for the period 1995–2015 in order to gain a better understanding of their objectives and impacts.Methods: A systematic review of Canadian initiatives published over the past 20 years was conducted from multiple databases(i.e., Scopus,SPORTDiscus, Pub Med, Academic search complete, Reseausante.com, Cairn, and Erudit). In total, 264 publications were identified and retained for the final analysis based on 5 criteria:(1) publication between 1995 and 2015,(2) online availability,(3) research conducted in Canada,(4) main topic related to environments favorable to healthy lifestyles(EFHL), and(5) publication in French or English.Results: A sharp increase in the number of studies on EFHL was observed between 2010 and 2015(57%). Two major lifestyle components—physical activity and nutrition—and 2 environmental aspects—neighborhood and built environment—were the elements most frequently examined regarding adults(48%), young people(34%), and seniors(9%), using quantitative(60%) and qualitative(18%) methods. Furthermore, the analysis reveals a greater focus on the municipal(53%) than the national or provincial levels(31%).Conclusion: This work is a first map of Canadian studies related to EFHL. It clarifies the definition of EFHL and classifies its components. As well,it documents the issues raised, the research methods employed, and the role of stakeholders, while outlining a new research agenda that includes dimensions of EFHL formerly neglected by researchers, namely, political and sociocultural spheres of action.? 2018 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
基金supported by the Sogn & Fjordane County Council, Sparebanken Vest–Visjon Vest, the Norwegian Directorate of Health, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, and Sogn & Fjordane University College
文摘Background: Built environments that are designed to provide accessible, attractive, and convenient locales promote regular physical activity(PA).Norway has great variability in its geographic, natural, and built environment features. Urban areas have well-developed built environment features, whereas the rural areas are less walkable and this may influence the mode of transport. In general, active transport is more common in urban centers. Further, public transportation is more developed in urban areas, whereas motorized transport may be more widespread in the rural areas. Despite this, in Sogn & Fjordane, a rural county in western Norway, high PA levels are frequently observed. Thus, the aims of this study were to(1) explore perceived built environment features and characterize their associations with objectively measured PA levels in Norwegian adults and(2) explore the differences in these correlates between Sogn & Fjordane and the rest of Norway.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants used questionnaires to rate perceptions of their built environments, and their PA was objectively measured for 7 consecutive days using the Acti Graph GT1 M accelerometer. There were 972 Norwegian adults who were included in the study. The average age was 46.9 ± 6.5 years and 43.8% of participants were men. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression.Results: Total PA and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) were both associated with perceived walkability, the community perception score, and active transport for commuting(all p ≤ 0.004). We also observed geographic-area-specific associations: the community perception score was negatively associated with total PA and MVPA in the rest of Norway(p ≤ 0.012) but not in Sogn & Fjordane. Public transport for commuting was positively associated with MVPA in Sogn & Fjordane(p = 0.03) but not in the rest of Norway.Conclusion: Total PA level and MVPA were associated with built environment factors, such as perceptions of community, perceived walkability,and engaging in active transport for commuting. Geographic differences in the PA correlates were observed, and thus, locally customized environmental population approaches aimed at increasing PA levels may be essential complements to individual behavior and lifestyle strategies.Further, objective measures of Norwegian built environments, such as geographic information system data, and validated walk-and bike-scores would advance the field.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41201159,41571152,41401478,41201160,41001076)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KSZD-EW-Z-021-03,KZZD-EW-06-03)
文摘Promoting active travel behavior and decreasing transport-related carbon dioxide （CO2） emissions have become a priority in many Chinese cities experiencing rapid urban sprawl and greater automobile dependence. However, there are few studies that holistically examine the physical and social factors associated with travel CO2 emissions. Using a survey of 1525 shoppers conducted in Shenyang, China, this study estimated shopping-related travel CO2 emissions and examined how the built environment and individual socioeconomic characteristics contribute to shopping travel behavior and associated C02 emissions. We found that, firstly, private car trips generate nearly eight times more carbon emissions than shopping trips using public transport, on average. Second, there was sig- nificant spatial autocorrelation with CO2 emissions per trip, and the highest carbon emissions were clustered in the inner suburbs and between the first and second circumferential roads. Third, shopping travel CO2 emissions per trip were negatively correlated with sev- eral built environment features including population density, the quantity of public transport stations, road density, and shop density. They were also found to be significantly related to the individual socio-eeonomic characteristics of car ownership, employment status, and education level using a multinomial logistic regression model. These empirical findings have important policy implications, assisting in the development of measures that contribute to the sustainability of urban transportation and meet carbon mitigation targets.
基金Operation Project of Public Health Emergency Response Mechanism of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention[131031001000150001]。
文摘Objective To assess the subjective perception of residents on the built environment in hygienic cities and its relation to the self-rated health(SRH)status of residents,providing a basis for a better promotion on construction of health-supportive environments.Methods The online survey was adopted with the respondents recruited from residents living in Chaoyang District of Beijing in January 2021.With SRH level as the dependent variable,two-category logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the impact of the built environment in hygienic cities on the SRH status of residents.Results A total of 1,357 respondents were enrolled in this study.After controlling confounding factors,four aspects in the built environment in hygienic cities were detected remarkable influences on the SRH level of residents,including enough green space in the living area[odds ratio(OR)=1.395,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.055–1.845],clean and hygienic living environment(OR=1.472,95%CI:1.107–1.956),residents’confidence in drinking water safety in the living area(OR=1.856,95%CI:1.354–2.544)and residents’confidence in food safety in the living area(OR=1.405,95%CI:1.027–1.921).Conclusion Regarding city construction,the government should focus more on the subjective perception of residents on built environments to build a supportive environment benefiting the health of residents.
基金This research is funded by Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology(BUET).
文摘Researchers have been trying to identify the contributory factors behind pedestrian crash occurrences through studies at both microscopic and macroscopic levels.However,built environment-related factors have primarily been examined in developed countries,resulting in a limited understanding of the phenomenon in the context of developing countries.Methodologically,these studies mostly used global regression models,which failed to incorporate spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity.Additionally,some of these studies applied spatial regression models randomly without following a comprehensive logical framework behind their selections.Our study aimed to develop a comprehensive spatial regression modeling framework to examine the relationships between pedestrian crash occurrences and the built environment at the macroscopic level in a megacity,Dhaka,the capital of a developing country:Bangladesh.Using secondary pedestrian crash data,the study applied one global non-spatial model,two global spatial regression models,and two local spatial regression models following a comprehensive spatial regression modeling framework.The factors which significantly contributed to pedestrian crash occurrences in Dhaka were employed person density,mixed and recreational land use density,primary road density,major intersection density,and share of non-motorized modes.Except for the last factor,all the other ones were positively related to pedestrian crash density.Among the five models used in this study,the multiscale geographically weighted regression(MGWR)performed the best as it calibrated each local relationship with a distant spatial scale parameter.The findings and recommendations presented in this study would be useful for reducing pedestrian crashes and choosing the appropriate modeling technique for crash analysis.
