This study aims to examine the challenges and future directions of large-scale wooden construction education at universities in Japan and Finland.It compares the wooden construction curricula at universities and the a...This study aims to examine the challenges and future directions of large-scale wooden construction education at universities in Japan and Finland.It compares the wooden construction curricula at universities and the architectural education initiatives undertaken by firms specializing in large-scale wood construction design in both countries.The target applications for large-scale wooden construction are residential,commercial,and public buildings.Comparing university education revealed many commonalities between the two countries,allowing them to be classified into two types:“seminar-centered”and“lecture-centered”.Japanese universities are categorized by building type and scale for educational purposes.Finnish universities focus their education on the properties and functions of wood.Based on these results,we infer that incorporating both Japan’s architecture-planning-focused education and Finland’s materials-focused education into teaching,using familiar housing buildings as a theme,will lead to the wider adoption of large-scale wooden construction.展开更多
Although the effectiveness of a tuned viscous mass damper(TVMD)as an inerter-based device for vibration control in civil structures has been thoroughly investigated,there is a lack of systematic research regarding the...Although the effectiveness of a tuned viscous mass damper(TVMD)as an inerter-based device for vibration control in civil structures has been thoroughly investigated,there is a lack of systematic research regarding the application of TVMDs for seismic response control of industrial buildings coupled with mechanical equipment.Therefore,this study proposes ungrounded and grounded TVMDs to effectively utilize the mass of the mechanical equipment and fully exploit the capabilities of the inerter element.An optimal design methodology is developed by pursuing the maximum effective damping ratio and seeking the most rational TVMD control scheme.Validation of TVMD control performance is conducted through time-history analysis based on 20 real seismic ground motions recommended by ATC-40,and by providing a barrel mixer industrial building as a real-life numerical example.The results show that both an ungrounded and grounded TVMD can effectively mitigate the seismic response of the primary structure.Compared to the traditional tuned mass damper(TMD),TVMDs can obtain improved control performance for a given equipment mass ratio.Moreover,an ungrounded TVMD and a TMD show similar working mechanisms that tend to release the displacement of equipment to keep their optimal state,whereas equipment displacement for a grounded TVMD should be strictly limited to provide sufficient anti-force.展开更多
https://www. sciencedirect. com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/346/suppl/C Volume346, 1November2025[OA](1)Towards energy flexible commercial buildings:Machine learning approaches,implementation aspects,and future re...https://www. sciencedirect. com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/346/suppl/C Volume346, 1November2025[OA](1)Towards energy flexible commercial buildings:Machine learning approaches,implementation aspects,and future research directions by M. M. A. L. N. Maheepala,Hangxin Li,Dilan Robert,et al,Article116170Abstract:Commercial buildings encounter considerable challenges in predicting and managing energy flexibility,arising from the complexity of their energy systems and the interdependencies among system components and building thermal mass. Nonetheless,the emergence of “smarter buildings” creates significant opportunities for applying machine learning(ML)techniques in energy flexibility.展开更多
Against the background of energy conservation and emission reduction,green construction and intelligent buildings have become an inevitable trend in the transformation of the construction industry.They effectively red...Against the background of energy conservation and emission reduction,green construction and intelligent buildings have become an inevitable trend in the transformation of the construction industry.They effectively reduce environmental damage and pollution caused by construction projects during the construction process,improve the comfort and health of buildings,and are conducive to promoting the sustainable development of China’s construction industry.This paper analyzes the relationship between green construction and intelligent buildings,examines the dilemmas faced by the integrated development of green construction and intelligent buildings,and proposes measures such as optimizing architectural design schemes,advancing technological innovation,improving energy utilization efficiency,actively applying BIM technology,and strengthening building lifecycle management,so as to promote the sustainable development of China’s construction industry.展开更多
The growing energy demand of buildings, driven by rapid urbanization, poses significant challenges for sustainable urban development. As buildings account for over 40% of global energy consumption, innovative solution...The growing energy demand of buildings, driven by rapid urbanization, poses significant challenges for sustainable urban development. As buildings account for over 40% of global energy consumption, innovative solutions are needed to improve efficiency, resilience, and environmental performance. This paper reviews the integration of Digital Twin (DT) technologies and Machine Learning (ML) for optimizing energy management in smart buildings connected to smart grids. A key enabler of this integration is the Internet of Things (IoT), which provides the sensor networks and real-time data streams that fee/d DT–ML frameworks, enabling accurate monitoring, forecasting, and adaptive control. Through this synergy, DT–ML systems enhance energy prediction, occupant comfort, and automated fault detection, while also supporting broader sustainability goals. The review examines recent advances in DT–ML energy systems, with attention to enabling technologies such as IoT sensor networks, building energy management systems, edge–cloud computing, and advanced analytics. Key challenges including data interoperability, cybersecurity, scalability, and the need for standardized frameworks are critically discussed, along with emerging solutions such as federated learning and blockchain. Special focus is given to human-centric digital twin frameworks that integrate user comfort and behavioral adaptation into energy optimization strategies. The findings suggest that DT–ML integration, enabled by IoT sensor networks, has the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption, lower operational costs, and improve resilience in urban infrastructures. The paper concludes by outlining future research priorities, including decentralized learning models, universal data standards, enhanced privacy protocols, and expanding digital twin applications for distributed renewable energy resources.展开更多
There are limited biosecurity measures directed at preventing airborne transmission of viruses in swine.The effectiveness of dust mitigation strategies such as oil sprinkling,to decrease risk of airborne virus transmi...There are limited biosecurity measures directed at preventing airborne transmission of viruses in swine.The effectiveness of dust mitigation strategies such as oil sprinkling,to decrease risk of airborne virus transmission are unknown.Metagenomics and qPCR for common fecal viruses were used to hunt for a ubiquitous virus to serve as a proxy when evaluating the efficiency of mitigation strategies against airborne viral infectious agents.Air particles were collected from swine buildings using high-volume air samplers.Extracted DNA and RNA were used to perform specific RT-qPCR and qPCR and analyzed by highthroughput sequencing.Porcine astroviruses group 2 were common(from 102 to 105 genomic copies per cubic meter of air or gc/m^(3),93%positivity)while no norovirus genogroup II was recovered from air samples.Porcine torque teno sus virus were detected by qPCR in low concentrations(from 101 to 102 gc/m^(3),47%positivity).Among the identified viral families by metagenomics analysis,Herelleviridae,Microviridae,Myoviridae,Podoviridae,and Siphoviridae were dominant.The phage vB_AviM_AVP of Aerococcus was present in all air samples and a newly designed qPCR revealed between 101 and 105 gc/m^(3) among the samples taken for the present study(97%positivity)and banked samples from5-and 15-year old studies(89%positivity).According to the present study,both the porcine astrovirus group 2 and the phage vB_AviM_AVP of Aerococcus could be proxy for airborne viruses of swine buildings.展开更多
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/337/suppl/C Volume 337,15 June 2025[OA](1)From flexible building to resilient energy communities:A scalable decentralized energy management scheme based o...https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/337/suppl/C Volume 337,15 June 2025[OA](1)From flexible building to resilient energy communities:A scalable decentralized energy management scheme based on collaborative agents by Mohammad Hosseini,Silvia Erba,Ahmad Mazaheri,et al,Article 115651 Abstract:Extreme conditions caused by climate change and other crises call for enhancing the resilience of buildings and urban energy systems.展开更多
This paper reports the recorded structural responses of four 170 m–320 m tall buildings in China to the mainshock of the M 7.9 Myanmar earthquake on March 28,2025.The buildings are located approximately 1200 km–2000...This paper reports the recorded structural responses of four 170 m–320 m tall buildings in China to the mainshock of the M 7.9 Myanmar earthquake on March 28,2025.The buildings are located approximately 1200 km–2000 km away from the epicenter.The following observations are made by preliminary analysis of the data:(1)the base motion of the buildings exhibited significant long-period components in the range of 2 s–10 s;(2)the identified fundamental periods were much larger than the empirical equations in the design codes,suggesting that the empirical equations may be overly conservative;(3)the amplification of floor accelerations was much more significant than code provisions for determining the seismic demands on non-structural elements,possibly attributing to the overly high damping ratios assumed in the design codes;(4)the buildings exhibited large enough equivalent lateral stiffnesses to satisfy the drift limit under frequent earthquakes by the Chinese seismic provisions,and(5)the significant durations of the shaking of the upper floors of the buildings were comparable to those of the base motions.展开更多
The authors regret that the original publication of this paper did not include Jawad Fayaz as a co-author.After further discussions and a thorough review of the research contributions,it was agreed that his significan...The authors regret that the original publication of this paper did not include Jawad Fayaz as a co-author.After further discussions and a thorough review of the research contributions,it was agreed that his significant contributions to the foundational aspects of the research warranted recognition,and he has now been added as a co-author.展开更多
In this study,terrestrial laser scanning(TLS)is used to collect building data after the M_(s) 7.0 magnitude earthquake in Lushan,Sichuan,China in 2013 for analysis and research.The analysis focuses on extracting the t...In this study,terrestrial laser scanning(TLS)is used to collect building data after the M_(s) 7.0 magnitude earthquake in Lushan,Sichuan,China in 2013 for analysis and research.The analysis focuses on extracting the tilt and deformation of masonry buildings that are difficult to identify through visual inspection in basically intact,slightly damaged and moderately damaged masonry buildings,to solve the problem of ambiguous identification of damage.A quantitative analysis of the determination indexes of the degree of earthquake damage was carried out,and the numerical characteristics parameters such as the curvature of the wall point cloud proximity,angle,contour of the fitted plane of the point cloud,verticality(flatness)of the wall,standard deviation of the profile and angle of the profile were established to determine the degree of earthquake damage to buildings based on LiDAR data.The development of quantitative determination indexes for the degree of earthquake damage of buildings in this study has important application value for LiDAR data in the identification and extraction of earthquake damage information and damage level determination.展开更多
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/342/suppl/C Volume 342,1 September 2025[OA](1)Experimental validation of neural network-based prediction of natural ventilation bulk airflow rate by Jo ao...https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/342/suppl/C Volume 342,1 September 2025[OA](1)Experimental validation of neural network-based prediction of natural ventilation bulk airflow rate by Jo ao Carlos Sim oes,Guilherme Carrilho da Graca,Article115871Abstract:To fully exploit natural ventilation(NV)as an energysaving strategy in mixed-mode buildings,accurate real-time prediction of NV airflow rates is essential.Current approaches for NV airflow rates prediction often rely heavily on expertise knowledge and computationally demanding methods such as Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)as well as expensive and complex direct airflow measurements.展开更多
The seismic intensity is generally high in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region of China.The seismic performance of the new prefabricated modular pressurized buildings used to solve the plateau response is insufficient.To...The seismic intensity is generally high in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region of China.The seismic performance of the new prefabricated modular pressurized buildings used to solve the plateau response is insufficient.To solve this problem,the small friction pendulum bearing(FPB)isolation design is proposed for modular pressurized buildings.Firstly,a simplified model of cross-truss support for the pressurized module is proposed to simplify the modeling and calculation of the pressurized buildings.The reasonability of the simplified model is verified by comparing the refined finite element model.Subsequently,according to the FPB design process for modular pressurized buildings,a small FPB for isolation is provided for a two-story modular pressurized building under 8-degree fortification earthquakes.Lastly,the seismic effectiveness and constructional feasibility of the isolation structure are verified compared with the non-isolated structure using dynamic time-history analysis.The study results show that the size of FPBs for modular pressurized buildings should consider both displacement and dimension requirements to weigh seismic isolation performance and installation feasibility,respectively.When adopting FPBs,the response of the structure is significantly reduced,and the seismic isolation effect is obvious.The proposed construction process can improve the seismic resilience of the prefabricated modular pressurized buildings by replacing post-earthquake damaged components quickly.It provides ideas for the seismic isolation design of the prefabricated modular pressurized buildings in high seismic intensity areas.展开更多
The outdoor landscape design of medical buildings affects the healthcare experience of patients and the work environment of medical staff.Therapeutic landscapes contribute to the recovery of patients and provide a com...The outdoor landscape design of medical buildings affects the healthcare experience of patients and the work environment of medical staff.Therapeutic landscapes contribute to the recovery of patients and provide a comfortable,convenient,and safe outdoor space for both patients and healthcare professionals.This article analyzes the concept,classification,design necessity,and smart enhancement methods of therapeutic landscapes.By combining the case study of the wellness landscape design of the Fifth People’s Hospital of Chongqing,it derives insights into therapeutic landscape design,such as the rational use of natural elements,the construction of pedestrian space systems,the arrangement of specialized botanical gardens,the integration of multiple therapies,and the application of smart technologies.The aim is to promote the development of therapeutic outdoor landscape design for medical buildings.展开更多
The energy retrofit of public buildings is an effective strategy to achieve carbon neutrality goals,with educational buildings representing a significant proportion of this sector.This paper presents an in-depth analy...The energy retrofit of public buildings is an effective strategy to achieve carbon neutrality goals,with educational buildings representing a significant proportion of this sector.This paper presents an in-depth analysis of energy retrofitting policies for educational buildings and examines the design case of the“Plus Energy School”demonstration project in Rostock,Germany.The study reveals innovative approaches in several key areas:overall layout optimization,creation of climate buffer zones,enhancement of building envelope performance,ventilation and heating system design,integration of diverse renewable energy sources,and formulation of energy balance schemes with corresponding calculations.The holistic theory and methodology of this energy strategy synergy offer valuable insights for the retrofitting of existing educational buildings in China.The project successfully transformed two aging school buildings into a single“plus energy”facility through coordinated architectural and technological interventions.Notable features include the compact redesign reducing the form factor from 0.38 to 0.21,the implementation of climate buffer zones maintaining 15℃without active heating,and the integration of photovoltaic panels and wind turbines.The combination of district heating with an Organic Rankine Cycle(ORC)system further optimized energy utilization.Post-retrofit calculations demonstrate a two-thirds reduction in annual unit energy consumption,with the building generating an energy surplus.This case study provides a comprehensive framework for achieving high energy performance in educational building retrofits,offering valuable lessons for similar initiatives in China and globally.The paper concludes by discussing the potential for widespread application of these strategies in China’s existing educational buildings,considering the country’s vast building stock and increasing energy efficiency requirements.展开更多
With the gradual deepening of aging,the barrier-free design of outdoor spaces in healthcare and wellness buildings is crucial to the quality of life for the elderly in their later years.The mountainous terrain of Chon...With the gradual deepening of aging,the barrier-free design of outdoor spaces in healthcare and wellness buildings is crucial to the quality of life for the elderly in their later years.The mountainous terrain of Chongqing poses higher requirements for barrier-free design.This paper analyzes the barrier-free needs of the elderly,systematically reviews the current status of barrier-free design in Chongqing’s healthcare and wellness buildings,and proposes targeted smart strategy suggestions from four aspects:barrier-free transportation space,activity space,landscape sketches,and place spirit,combining regional characteristics.These suggestions aim to improve and enhance the quality of the elderly care environment in Chongqing.展开更多
The green retrofit of existing public buildings is a necessary choice to promote energy conservation,emission reduction,and sustainable development goals in the construction industry,and to advance the implementation ...The green retrofit of existing public buildings is a necessary choice to promote energy conservation,emission reduction,and sustainable development goals in the construction industry,and to advance the implementation of the national"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality"strategy.The effective governance of green retrofit projects for existing public buildings essentially involves a dynamic process of repeated strategic interactions among key stakeholders.From the perspective of project governance,this study clarifies the game-theoretic relationship between ESCO and owners under government guidance,and constructs an evolutionary game model involving the government,ESCO,and owners.The study explores the strategic choices of the core stakeholders in the green retrofit projects of existing public buildings.The aim is to lay a foundation for research on the decision-making coordination and implementation mechanisms between ESCO and owners,thus promoting the efficient and healthy development of green retrofit projects for existing public buildings.展开更多
In the management of land resources and the protection of cultivated land,the law enforcement of land satellite images is often used as one of the main means.In recent years,the policies and regulations of the law enf...In the management of land resources and the protection of cultivated land,the law enforcement of land satellite images is often used as one of the main means.In recent years,the policies and regulations of the law enforcement of land satellite images have become more and more strict and been adjusted increasingly frequently,playing a decisive role in preventing excessive non-agricultural and non-food urbanization.In the process of the law enforcement,the extraction of suspected illegal buildings is the most important and time-consuming content.Compared with the traditional deep learning model,fully convolutional networks(FCN)has a great advantage in remote sensing image processing because its input images are not limited by size,and both convolution and deconvolution are independent of the overall size of images.In this paper,an intelligent extraction model of suspected illegal buildings from land satellite images based on deep learning FCN was built.Kaiyuan City,Yunnan Province was taken as an example.The verification results show that the global accuracy of this model was 86.6%in the process of building extraction,and mean intersection over union(mIoU)was 73.6%.This study can provide reference for the extraction of suspected illegal buildings in the law enforcement work of land satellite images,and reduce the tedious manual operation to a certain extent.展开更多
To improve the seismic performance of unrein-forced masonry(URM)buildings in the Himalayan re-gions,including Western China,India,Nepal,and Paki-stan,a low-cost bonded scrap tire rubber isolator(BSTRI)is proposed,and ...To improve the seismic performance of unrein-forced masonry(URM)buildings in the Himalayan re-gions,including Western China,India,Nepal,and Paki-stan,a low-cost bonded scrap tire rubber isolator(BSTRI)is proposed,and a series of vertical compression and horizontal shear tests are conducted.Incremental dynamic analyses are conducted for five types of BSTRI-supported URM buildings subjected to 22 far-field and 28 near-field earthquake ground motions.The resulting fragility curves and probability of damage curves are presented and utilized to evaluate the damage states of these buildings.The results show that in the base-isolated(BI)URM buildings under seismic ground motion at a peak ground acceleration(PGA)of 1.102g,the probability of exceeding the collapse prevention threshold is less than 25%under far-field earthquake ground motions and 31%under near-field earthquake ground motions.Furthermore,the maximum average vulnerability index for the BI-URM buildings,which are designed to withstand rare earthquakes with 9°(PGA=0.632g),is 40.87%for far-field earthquake ground motions and 41.83%for near-field earthquake ground motions.Therefore,the adoption of BSTRIs can significantly reduce the collapse probability of URM buildings.展开更多
Driven by the goal of carbon neutrality,prefabricated buildings,as an important form of green construction,have become a key focus in the study of lifecycle carbon footprint management.Based on this,this paper starts ...Driven by the goal of carbon neutrality,prefabricated buildings,as an important form of green construction,have become a key focus in the study of lifecycle carbon footprint management.Based on this,this paper starts from the perspective of carbon footprint and combines the digital and visual advantages of BIM technology to construct a green evaluation system for prefabricated buildings.It explores the carbon emissions in each stage of the building and proposes corresponding improvement measures,aiming to provide necessary references for the low-carbon transformation of prefabricated buildings.展开更多
This paper will report on the development of a prototype of actively controlled facade module,which is capable of adapting its solar transmittance to changeable solar gains.Hence this new facade offers additional feat...This paper will report on the development of a prototype of actively controlled facade module,which is capable of adapting its solar transmittance to changeable solar gains.Hence this new facade offers additional features with respect to the most popular currently used glass facades,which have fixed solar transmittance indeed.The novel technology is made possible by the creation of an additional 1.5-mm-thick sliding shielding liquid,which flows internally,in order to dynamically adapt the window’s solar transmittance.As compared with competitive technologies,this shielding system has low manufacturing costs,is durable,is completely reversible and always transparent,irrespective of its transmittance state.Specifically,the manufacture of a full-size window prototype and the engineering of the window was carried out;moreover,glass pane bending when subject to hydrostatic pressure was eventually assessed.All this information has been used to set up the industrial process needed for its manufacturing.展开更多
基金supported by the Sugiyama Jogakuen University’s School Research Fund.
文摘This study aims to examine the challenges and future directions of large-scale wooden construction education at universities in Japan and Finland.It compares the wooden construction curricula at universities and the architectural education initiatives undertaken by firms specializing in large-scale wood construction design in both countries.The target applications for large-scale wooden construction are residential,commercial,and public buildings.Comparing university education revealed many commonalities between the two countries,allowing them to be classified into two types:“seminar-centered”and“lecture-centered”.Japanese universities are categorized by building type and scale for educational purposes.Finnish universities focus their education on the properties and functions of wood.Based on these results,we infer that incorporating both Japan’s architecture-planning-focused education and Finland’s materials-focused education into teaching,using familiar housing buildings as a theme,will lead to the wider adoption of large-scale wooden construction.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.52408327 and 52278306Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province,China under Grant No.2022SK2096+3 种基金Science and Technology Progress and Innovation Project of the Department of Transportation of Hunan Province,China under Grant No.201912Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China under Grant No.2024JJ6198Scientific Research Project of the Education Department of Hunan Province,China under Grant No.25A0645Emergency Management Science and Technology Project of the Emergency Management Department of Hunan Province,China under Grant No.yjtkjxm_202406。
文摘Although the effectiveness of a tuned viscous mass damper(TVMD)as an inerter-based device for vibration control in civil structures has been thoroughly investigated,there is a lack of systematic research regarding the application of TVMDs for seismic response control of industrial buildings coupled with mechanical equipment.Therefore,this study proposes ungrounded and grounded TVMDs to effectively utilize the mass of the mechanical equipment and fully exploit the capabilities of the inerter element.An optimal design methodology is developed by pursuing the maximum effective damping ratio and seeking the most rational TVMD control scheme.Validation of TVMD control performance is conducted through time-history analysis based on 20 real seismic ground motions recommended by ATC-40,and by providing a barrel mixer industrial building as a real-life numerical example.The results show that both an ungrounded and grounded TVMD can effectively mitigate the seismic response of the primary structure.Compared to the traditional tuned mass damper(TMD),TVMDs can obtain improved control performance for a given equipment mass ratio.Moreover,an ungrounded TVMD and a TMD show similar working mechanisms that tend to release the displacement of equipment to keep their optimal state,whereas equipment displacement for a grounded TVMD should be strictly limited to provide sufficient anti-force.
文摘https://www. sciencedirect. com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/346/suppl/C Volume346, 1November2025[OA](1)Towards energy flexible commercial buildings:Machine learning approaches,implementation aspects,and future research directions by M. M. A. L. N. Maheepala,Hangxin Li,Dilan Robert,et al,Article116170Abstract:Commercial buildings encounter considerable challenges in predicting and managing energy flexibility,arising from the complexity of their energy systems and the interdependencies among system components and building thermal mass. Nonetheless,the emergence of “smarter buildings” creates significant opportunities for applying machine learning(ML)techniques in energy flexibility.
文摘Against the background of energy conservation and emission reduction,green construction and intelligent buildings have become an inevitable trend in the transformation of the construction industry.They effectively reduce environmental damage and pollution caused by construction projects during the construction process,improve the comfort and health of buildings,and are conducive to promoting the sustainable development of China’s construction industry.This paper analyzes the relationship between green construction and intelligent buildings,examines the dilemmas faced by the integrated development of green construction and intelligent buildings,and proposes measures such as optimizing architectural design schemes,advancing technological innovation,improving energy utilization efficiency,actively applying BIM technology,and strengthening building lifecycle management,so as to promote the sustainable development of China’s construction industry.
文摘The growing energy demand of buildings, driven by rapid urbanization, poses significant challenges for sustainable urban development. As buildings account for over 40% of global energy consumption, innovative solutions are needed to improve efficiency, resilience, and environmental performance. This paper reviews the integration of Digital Twin (DT) technologies and Machine Learning (ML) for optimizing energy management in smart buildings connected to smart grids. A key enabler of this integration is the Internet of Things (IoT), which provides the sensor networks and real-time data streams that fee/d DT–ML frameworks, enabling accurate monitoring, forecasting, and adaptive control. Through this synergy, DT–ML systems enhance energy prediction, occupant comfort, and automated fault detection, while also supporting broader sustainability goals. The review examines recent advances in DT–ML energy systems, with attention to enabling technologies such as IoT sensor networks, building energy management systems, edge–cloud computing, and advanced analytics. Key challenges including data interoperability, cybersecurity, scalability, and the need for standardized frameworks are critically discussed, along with emerging solutions such as federated learning and blockchain. Special focus is given to human-centric digital twin frameworks that integrate user comfort and behavioral adaptation into energy optimization strategies. The findings suggest that DT–ML integration, enabled by IoT sensor networks, has the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption, lower operational costs, and improve resilience in urban infrastructures. The paper concludes by outlining future research priorities, including decentralized learning models, universal data standards, enhanced privacy protocols, and expanding digital twin applications for distributed renewable energy resources.
文摘There are limited biosecurity measures directed at preventing airborne transmission of viruses in swine.The effectiveness of dust mitigation strategies such as oil sprinkling,to decrease risk of airborne virus transmission are unknown.Metagenomics and qPCR for common fecal viruses were used to hunt for a ubiquitous virus to serve as a proxy when evaluating the efficiency of mitigation strategies against airborne viral infectious agents.Air particles were collected from swine buildings using high-volume air samplers.Extracted DNA and RNA were used to perform specific RT-qPCR and qPCR and analyzed by highthroughput sequencing.Porcine astroviruses group 2 were common(from 102 to 105 genomic copies per cubic meter of air or gc/m^(3),93%positivity)while no norovirus genogroup II was recovered from air samples.Porcine torque teno sus virus were detected by qPCR in low concentrations(from 101 to 102 gc/m^(3),47%positivity).Among the identified viral families by metagenomics analysis,Herelleviridae,Microviridae,Myoviridae,Podoviridae,and Siphoviridae were dominant.The phage vB_AviM_AVP of Aerococcus was present in all air samples and a newly designed qPCR revealed between 101 and 105 gc/m^(3) among the samples taken for the present study(97%positivity)and banked samples from5-and 15-year old studies(89%positivity).According to the present study,both the porcine astrovirus group 2 and the phage vB_AviM_AVP of Aerococcus could be proxy for airborne viruses of swine buildings.
文摘https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/337/suppl/C Volume 337,15 June 2025[OA](1)From flexible building to resilient energy communities:A scalable decentralized energy management scheme based on collaborative agents by Mohammad Hosseini,Silvia Erba,Ahmad Mazaheri,et al,Article 115651 Abstract:Extreme conditions caused by climate change and other crises call for enhancing the resilience of buildings and urban energy systems.
基金the Key Science and Technology Project of the Ministry of Emergency Management of the People’s Republic of China(2024EMST040403)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFC3012802)the Scientific Research Fund from Institute of Seismology,CEA and National Institute of Natural Hazards,Ministry of Emergency Management of China(IS202216317).
文摘This paper reports the recorded structural responses of four 170 m–320 m tall buildings in China to the mainshock of the M 7.9 Myanmar earthquake on March 28,2025.The buildings are located approximately 1200 km–2000 km away from the epicenter.The following observations are made by preliminary analysis of the data:(1)the base motion of the buildings exhibited significant long-period components in the range of 2 s–10 s;(2)the identified fundamental periods were much larger than the empirical equations in the design codes,suggesting that the empirical equations may be overly conservative;(3)the amplification of floor accelerations was much more significant than code provisions for determining the seismic demands on non-structural elements,possibly attributing to the overly high damping ratios assumed in the design codes;(4)the buildings exhibited large enough equivalent lateral stiffnesses to satisfy the drift limit under frequent earthquakes by the Chinese seismic provisions,and(5)the significant durations of the shaking of the upper floors of the buildings were comparable to those of the base motions.
文摘The authors regret that the original publication of this paper did not include Jawad Fayaz as a co-author.After further discussions and a thorough review of the research contributions,it was agreed that his significant contributions to the foundational aspects of the research warranted recognition,and he has now been added as a co-author.
基金Earthquake Science and Technology Program of Hebei Province under Grant Nos.DZ2021120300001,DZ2024083000001,DZ2024112400016 and DZ2025092800001。
文摘In this study,terrestrial laser scanning(TLS)is used to collect building data after the M_(s) 7.0 magnitude earthquake in Lushan,Sichuan,China in 2013 for analysis and research.The analysis focuses on extracting the tilt and deformation of masonry buildings that are difficult to identify through visual inspection in basically intact,slightly damaged and moderately damaged masonry buildings,to solve the problem of ambiguous identification of damage.A quantitative analysis of the determination indexes of the degree of earthquake damage was carried out,and the numerical characteristics parameters such as the curvature of the wall point cloud proximity,angle,contour of the fitted plane of the point cloud,verticality(flatness)of the wall,standard deviation of the profile and angle of the profile were established to determine the degree of earthquake damage to buildings based on LiDAR data.The development of quantitative determination indexes for the degree of earthquake damage of buildings in this study has important application value for LiDAR data in the identification and extraction of earthquake damage information and damage level determination.
文摘https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/342/suppl/C Volume 342,1 September 2025[OA](1)Experimental validation of neural network-based prediction of natural ventilation bulk airflow rate by Jo ao Carlos Sim oes,Guilherme Carrilho da Graca,Article115871Abstract:To fully exploit natural ventilation(NV)as an energysaving strategy in mixed-mode buildings,accurate real-time prediction of NV airflow rates is essential.Current approaches for NV airflow rates prediction often rely heavily on expertise knowledge and computationally demanding methods such as Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)as well as expensive and complex direct airflow measurements.
基金supported by Technology Research and Development Program of China Construction Advanced Technology Research Institute(Grant No.XJY-2024-16)。
文摘The seismic intensity is generally high in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region of China.The seismic performance of the new prefabricated modular pressurized buildings used to solve the plateau response is insufficient.To solve this problem,the small friction pendulum bearing(FPB)isolation design is proposed for modular pressurized buildings.Firstly,a simplified model of cross-truss support for the pressurized module is proposed to simplify the modeling and calculation of the pressurized buildings.The reasonability of the simplified model is verified by comparing the refined finite element model.Subsequently,according to the FPB design process for modular pressurized buildings,a small FPB for isolation is provided for a two-story modular pressurized building under 8-degree fortification earthquakes.Lastly,the seismic effectiveness and constructional feasibility of the isolation structure are verified compared with the non-isolated structure using dynamic time-history analysis.The study results show that the size of FPBs for modular pressurized buildings should consider both displacement and dimension requirements to weigh seismic isolation performance and installation feasibility,respectively.When adopting FPBs,the response of the structure is significantly reduced,and the seismic isolation effect is obvious.The proposed construction process can improve the seismic resilience of the prefabricated modular pressurized buildings by replacing post-earthquake damaged components quickly.It provides ideas for the seismic isolation design of the prefabricated modular pressurized buildings in high seismic intensity areas.
基金Research Fund Projects of Chongqing Institute of Engineering:Research on the Intelligent Design of Indoor and Outdoor Spaces for Chongqing’s“Integrated Medical and Elderly Care”Health and Wellness Buildings in the Context of Digitization(Project No.:2023xsky01)Research on Spatial Syntax Parameters and Combination Patterns of Urban and Rural Community Elderly Care Centers from a Multi-Dimensional Perspective(Project No.:2024XZKY003)2024 Curriculum Ideological and Political Demonstration Course Construction Project of Chongqing Institute of Engineering,“Residential Landscape Design”(Project No.:KC20240006)。
文摘The outdoor landscape design of medical buildings affects the healthcare experience of patients and the work environment of medical staff.Therapeutic landscapes contribute to the recovery of patients and provide a comfortable,convenient,and safe outdoor space for both patients and healthcare professionals.This article analyzes the concept,classification,design necessity,and smart enhancement methods of therapeutic landscapes.By combining the case study of the wellness landscape design of the Fifth People’s Hospital of Chongqing,it derives insights into therapeutic landscape design,such as the rational use of natural elements,the construction of pedestrian space systems,the arrangement of specialized botanical gardens,the integration of multiple therapies,and the application of smart technologies.The aim is to promote the development of therapeutic outdoor landscape design for medical buildings.
文摘The energy retrofit of public buildings is an effective strategy to achieve carbon neutrality goals,with educational buildings representing a significant proportion of this sector.This paper presents an in-depth analysis of energy retrofitting policies for educational buildings and examines the design case of the“Plus Energy School”demonstration project in Rostock,Germany.The study reveals innovative approaches in several key areas:overall layout optimization,creation of climate buffer zones,enhancement of building envelope performance,ventilation and heating system design,integration of diverse renewable energy sources,and formulation of energy balance schemes with corresponding calculations.The holistic theory and methodology of this energy strategy synergy offer valuable insights for the retrofitting of existing educational buildings in China.The project successfully transformed two aging school buildings into a single“plus energy”facility through coordinated architectural and technological interventions.Notable features include the compact redesign reducing the form factor from 0.38 to 0.21,the implementation of climate buffer zones maintaining 15℃without active heating,and the integration of photovoltaic panels and wind turbines.The combination of district heating with an Organic Rankine Cycle(ORC)system further optimized energy utilization.Post-retrofit calculations demonstrate a two-thirds reduction in annual unit energy consumption,with the building generating an energy surplus.This case study provides a comprehensive framework for achieving high energy performance in educational building retrofits,offering valuable lessons for similar initiatives in China and globally.The paper concludes by discussing the potential for widespread application of these strategies in China’s existing educational buildings,considering the country’s vast building stock and increasing energy efficiency requirements.
基金Research Fund Projects of Chongqing Institute of Engineering:Research on the Intelligent Design of Indoor and Outdoor Spaces for Chongqing’s“Integrated Medical and Elderly Care”Health and Wellness Buildings in the Context of Digitization(2023xsky01)Research on Spatial Syntax Parameters and Combination Patterns of Urban and Rural Community Elderly Care Centers from a Multi-Dimensional Perspective(2024XZKY003)Funding support:2024 Curriculum Ideological and Political Demonstration Course Construction Project of Chongqing Institute of Engineering,“Residential Landscape Design”(Project Number:KC20240006)。
文摘With the gradual deepening of aging,the barrier-free design of outdoor spaces in healthcare and wellness buildings is crucial to the quality of life for the elderly in their later years.The mountainous terrain of Chongqing poses higher requirements for barrier-free design.This paper analyzes the barrier-free needs of the elderly,systematically reviews the current status of barrier-free design in Chongqing’s healthcare and wellness buildings,and proposes targeted smart strategy suggestions from four aspects:barrier-free transportation space,activity space,landscape sketches,and place spirit,combining regional characteristics.These suggestions aim to improve and enhance the quality of the elderly care environment in Chongqing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71872122)the Late-stage Subsidy Project of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Education Department of China(Grant No.20JHQ095).
文摘The green retrofit of existing public buildings is a necessary choice to promote energy conservation,emission reduction,and sustainable development goals in the construction industry,and to advance the implementation of the national"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality"strategy.The effective governance of green retrofit projects for existing public buildings essentially involves a dynamic process of repeated strategic interactions among key stakeholders.From the perspective of project governance,this study clarifies the game-theoretic relationship between ESCO and owners under government guidance,and constructs an evolutionary game model involving the government,ESCO,and owners.The study explores the strategic choices of the core stakeholders in the green retrofit projects of existing public buildings.The aim is to lay a foundation for research on the decision-making coordination and implementation mechanisms between ESCO and owners,thus promoting the efficient and healthy development of green retrofit projects for existing public buildings.
文摘In the management of land resources and the protection of cultivated land,the law enforcement of land satellite images is often used as one of the main means.In recent years,the policies and regulations of the law enforcement of land satellite images have become more and more strict and been adjusted increasingly frequently,playing a decisive role in preventing excessive non-agricultural and non-food urbanization.In the process of the law enforcement,the extraction of suspected illegal buildings is the most important and time-consuming content.Compared with the traditional deep learning model,fully convolutional networks(FCN)has a great advantage in remote sensing image processing because its input images are not limited by size,and both convolution and deconvolution are independent of the overall size of images.In this paper,an intelligent extraction model of suspected illegal buildings from land satellite images based on deep learning FCN was built.Kaiyuan City,Yunnan Province was taken as an example.The verification results show that the global accuracy of this model was 86.6%in the process of building extraction,and mean intersection over union(mIoU)was 73.6%.This study can provide reference for the extraction of suspected illegal buildings in the law enforcement work of land satellite images,and reduce the tedious manual operation to a certain extent.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52208195)the Independent Subject of State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering of Tongji University(No.SLDRCE19-A-10).
文摘To improve the seismic performance of unrein-forced masonry(URM)buildings in the Himalayan re-gions,including Western China,India,Nepal,and Paki-stan,a low-cost bonded scrap tire rubber isolator(BSTRI)is proposed,and a series of vertical compression and horizontal shear tests are conducted.Incremental dynamic analyses are conducted for five types of BSTRI-supported URM buildings subjected to 22 far-field and 28 near-field earthquake ground motions.The resulting fragility curves and probability of damage curves are presented and utilized to evaluate the damage states of these buildings.The results show that in the base-isolated(BI)URM buildings under seismic ground motion at a peak ground acceleration(PGA)of 1.102g,the probability of exceeding the collapse prevention threshold is less than 25%under far-field earthquake ground motions and 31%under near-field earthquake ground motions.Furthermore,the maximum average vulnerability index for the BI-URM buildings,which are designed to withstand rare earthquakes with 9°(PGA=0.632g),is 40.87%for far-field earthquake ground motions and 41.83%for near-field earthquake ground motions.Therefore,the adoption of BSTRIs can significantly reduce the collapse probability of URM buildings.
文摘Driven by the goal of carbon neutrality,prefabricated buildings,as an important form of green construction,have become a key focus in the study of lifecycle carbon footprint management.Based on this,this paper starts from the perspective of carbon footprint and combines the digital and visual advantages of BIM technology to construct a green evaluation system for prefabricated buildings.It explores the carbon emissions in each stage of the building and proposes corresponding improvement measures,aiming to provide necessary references for the low-carbon transformation of prefabricated buildings.
文摘This paper will report on the development of a prototype of actively controlled facade module,which is capable of adapting its solar transmittance to changeable solar gains.Hence this new facade offers additional features with respect to the most popular currently used glass facades,which have fixed solar transmittance indeed.The novel technology is made possible by the creation of an additional 1.5-mm-thick sliding shielding liquid,which flows internally,in order to dynamically adapt the window’s solar transmittance.As compared with competitive technologies,this shielding system has low manufacturing costs,is durable,is completely reversible and always transparent,irrespective of its transmittance state.Specifically,the manufacture of a full-size window prototype and the engineering of the window was carried out;moreover,glass pane bending when subject to hydrostatic pressure was eventually assessed.All this information has been used to set up the industrial process needed for its manufacturing.
