Solar energy is widely used to replace traditional energy because of its clean and efficient characteristics.Solar energy has great application potential and prospects in building energy conservation.Combining solar e...Solar energy is widely used to replace traditional energy because of its clean and efficient characteristics.Solar energy has great application potential and prospects in building energy conservation.Combining solar energy with buildings can achieve higher efficiency while reducing costs,and the life of the system is longer.PV/T technology combines solar photovoltaic and photothermal technology and obtains sustainable electrical energy and thermal energy at the same time.PV/T systems can be easily integrated to buildings and the electricity and heat generated by PV/T can drive a variety of physical and chemical processes such as heat collection process,solid/liquid dehumidification process and photo/thermal catalytic purification process.Therefore,building-integrated PV/T system has good application potential in building environment control such as indoor air temperature,air humid-ity and gaseous pollutants control.In the review of the past decade at home and abroad,most of the research on PV/T focuses on the development process,equipment and materials,accounting for 28%,21%and 19%,respectively,while only 15%is related to the building-integrated PV/T system.The present work mainly investigates the application of PV/T in building environment in the past ten years,and reports a variety of application cases of PV/T technology combined with building systems to regulate indoor comfort and improve indoor environment.In addition,this paper reviews the simulation and experimental works of different building solar integrated PV/T systems and puts forward the prospect and suggestion for future research.展开更多
Since the research on verification to passive design strategies in sustainable building is at the initial stage,and its test method and verification conclusion are not scientific enough to validate,this paper proposes...Since the research on verification to passive design strategies in sustainable building is at the initial stage,and its test method and verification conclusion are not scientific enough to validate,this paper proposes the necessity of building physical environmental monitoring to quantitative optimization of passive strategies efficiency from the perspective of architecture design and building environment. Adopting comparative research method,this research chooses six types of atrium space in cold climate in China as a prototype,focusing on building physical environmental performance difference in and between atrium and building main space. Spatial parameters of the atrium space will be divided into four factors: spatial geometry,interfacial properties,internal and external related categories. With subdividing these four factors into sub-factors,this paper makes crosscomparison among the sub-factors to clarify passive strategies effectiveness in atrium. Data comparison analysis shows that Winter atrium passive strategy in cold regions from traditional view is not obvious in practical application,and test data need to be stratified refined in atrium design in case of optimizing passive strategy from building prototype perspective.展开更多
Full utilization of underground space and buildings could have positive economic and social effects. However, the microclimate and air quality must be well controlled so that they are not harmful to human health. This...Full utilization of underground space and buildings could have positive economic and social effects. However, the microclimate and air quality must be well controlled so that they are not harmful to human health. This survey indicated that relative humidity is a common hygienic problem in underground space and buildings. Attention should be paid to humidity control and to the strengthening of routine ventilation at the construction stage. Carbon dioxide can be used as a hygiene index of air pollution; the sanitary standard for it in the air of underground buildings is 10%. The hygienic survey shows that the concentration of carbon dioxide is usually below this standard in the environments of underground space and buildings. (c)1989 Academic Press,Inc.展开更多
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03601323/118Volume 118,Pages 1-388(June 2017)(1)Dynamic setpoint control for museum indoor climate conditioning integrating collection and comfort requirements:Development ...http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03601323/118Volume 118,Pages 1-388(June 2017)(1)Dynamic setpoint control for museum indoor climate conditioning integrating collection and comfort requirements:Development and energy impact for Europe,P14-31,by Rick Kramer,Jos van Schijndel,Henk Schellen Abstract:This study presents a seven-step algorithm for hourly setpoint calculation of museums'indoor temperature(Ti)展开更多
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03601323/120Volume 120,Pages 1-134(1 August 2017)(1)Long-term thermal performance evaluation of green roof system based on two new indexes:A case study in Shanghai area,P13...http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03601323/120Volume 120,Pages 1-134(1 August 2017)(1)Long-term thermal performance evaluation of green roof system based on two new indexes:A case study in Shanghai area,P13-28,by Yang He,Hang Yu,Akihito Oza-展开更多
Energy and Buildings https://w w w.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/172/suppl/C Volume 172,Pages 1-554(1 August 2018)(1)Thermal performance assessment and improvement of a solar domestic hot water ta...Energy and Buildings https://w w w.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/172/suppl/C Volume 172,Pages 1-554(1 August 2018)(1)Thermal performance assessment and improvement of a solar domestic hot water tank with PCM in the mantle,by Jie Deng,Simon Furbo,Weiqiang Kong,Jianhua Fan。展开更多
https://w w w. sciencedirect. com/journal/building-and-environment/vol/198/suppl/C Volume 198,July 2021(1) Statistical quantification of the effect of temperature on capillary water absorption in some porous building ...https://w w w. sciencedirect. com/journal/building-and-environment/vol/198/suppl/C Volume 198,July 2021(1) Statistical quantification of the effect of temperature on capillary water absorption in some porous building materials,by Korakuti Hanumanthu,Kaustav Sarkar,Article 107889Abstract:The capillary w ater absorption coefficient is an important transport property that facilitates a relative assessment of the potential durability of porous building materials.展开更多
The idea behind this work is developing an adaptive method for the environmental assessment of buildings, to configure different versions according to the variables affecting them (spatial, temporal and associated wit...The idea behind this work is developing an adaptive method for the environmental assessment of buildings, to configure different versions according to the variables affecting them (spatial, temporal and associated with building characteristics) to suit different evaluated projects. This method may be applied using an electronic tool, which is in a development stage. Amending different assessment versions of the adaptive method is done by including the variables effect, according to set of steps, such as modifying the formulation of the assessment items, adjusting their estimation weights, and amending their achievement evaluation levels and their returned scores. When using the adaptive method, the assessment result of a building using a certain version differs from the results using other versions, even in the same country, so configuring an appropriate version due to the variables affecting the assessment helps getting more accurate results than the ones currently provided. The main goal of that research is to introduce the adaptive method that is proposed to ensure a fairer assessment results from the perspective of Green Architecture, and allow a more credible and accuracy of results comparison according to the environmental performance of buildings. The researcher analyzed the different main features she used in developing the adaptive method, the Comparative aspects between it and the current assessment methods, and the expected reached advantages from its usage. The paper arrived to the importance of adapting the environmental assessment of buildings according to the different affecting variables, and recommended developing the adaptive method and its tool to the stage of application to benefit its advantages.展开更多
Some building components are responsible for achieving more than one environmental function, these functions are usually of different requirements that can never be done by the same actions, and they are usually conne...Some building components are responsible for achieving more than one environmental function, these functions are usually of different requirements that can never be done by the same actions, and they are usually connected to changeable internal and external environment characteristics that vary among them. Minimizing the conflict of achieving the different environmental functions is an important challenge for all designers. Achieving a continuous thermal and optical comfort in an internal building space using the same window is an example of this challenge, as they have different requirements that may be sometimes contrary. It should be notable that there are a lot of recent technologies that may be used to find solutions for such a conflict. The Environmental Assessment Methods of Buildings appeared to set the principles of the optimum relation between buildings and their environment, they also could be used to encourage designers to reach the best environmental relations, and award them by main or additional assessment points. The research paper proposes to use the Environmental Assessment Methods of Buildings to assess the building ability of minimizing its environmental functions achievement conflict. This proposal depends on determining the inconsistency assessment items that depend on common building components to be achieved, and then determining the time periods that these items are achieved together within, to indicate the time periods without conflicting. Thus, the paper aims to raise the building environmental value in the assessment when the designer succeeds to minimize the expected conflict of the building environmental functions.展开更多
At present, under the background of sustainable development, the construction industry must pay attention to energy conservation and consumption reduction in construction if it wants to achieve sustainable development...At present, under the background of sustainable development, the construction industry must pay attention to energy conservation and consumption reduction in construction if it wants to achieve sustainable development. At present, the application of energy-saving green building materials in construction projects is the main way to achieve energy conservation and consumption reduction, and is an important measure to achieve sustainable development of enterprises. This paper analyzes the application status of building green materials and discusses the influence of building materials control on the construction cost, hoping to provide reference for relevant personnel and improve the economic benefits of construction projects.展开更多
Constructing an environ- ment for human rights development is a large, comprehensive project as well asa long and arduous mission. Although constructing an environment for human rights development was not mentioned mu...Constructing an environ- ment for human rights development is a large, comprehensive project as well asa long and arduous mission. Although constructing an environment for human rights development was not mentioned much in the past, in actuality it began early and achieved sustained progress. It is a gradual process that is also a prerequisite for earnestly respecting and ensuring human rights. There are five dimensions to building a sustainable environment for human rights development.展开更多
In order to benchmark the energy efficiency standards for residential buildings in China,the Hong Kong building environment assessment method（HK-BEAM）is chosen as the compliance criteria for assessment.The annual en...In order to benchmark the energy efficiency standards for residential buildings in China,the Hong Kong building environment assessment method（HK-BEAM）is chosen as the compliance criteria for assessment.The annual energy consumption and the overall thermal transfer value（OTTV）of a baseline residential building prescribed in the Chinese codes and the HK-BEAM are evaluated and compared by the energy budget approach.The results show that in the Chinese codes,the OTTV of the residential building is lower,but the annual energy consumption and the cooling load are higher than those in the HK-BEAM.The annual energy use difference amounts to 13.4%.All the compliance criteria except the ventilation rate and the equipment power in the Chinese codes are set higher than those in the HK-BEAM.However,the compliance criteria of the ventilation rate and the equipment power,especially the ventilation rate,result in much energy consumption,which ultimately induces a high energy budget for residential buildings.展开更多
Driven by the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and against the backdrop of the vigorous development of the global green building industry,the demand for cross-border procurement of environmentally friendly b...Driven by the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and against the backdrop of the vigorous development of the global green building industry,the demand for cross-border procurement of environmentally friendly building materials,the core carrier of green buildings,has been on a steady rise.The cross-border procurement supply chain for environmentally friendly building materials involves multiple subjects,links and scenarios,and poor collaboration has become a key bottleneck restricting the efficient supply,cost control and realization of green value of environmentally friendly building materials.Based on the development demands of green buildings,this paper systematically analyzes the current collaboration status of China’s cross-border procurement supply chain for environmentally friendly building materials,and dissects the prominent problems and their root causes such as insufficient subject collaboration,information asymmetry,low logistics efficiency and disunified standards.Combining the supply chain collaboration theory and green management theory,it constructs a five-in-one collaboration mode of“subject collaboration-information collaboration-logistics collaboration-standard collaboration-benefit collaboration”,clarifies the core content,operation mechanism of each collaboration dimension as well as the three support systems of technology,institution and talent,and puts forward targeted optimization countermeasures.This study provides theoretical support and practical reference for promoting the high-quality development of green buildings and enhancing the competitiveness of the cross-border procurement supply chain for environmentally friendly building materials.展开更多
Chromogenic windows enable both energy-saving and daylighting regulation.However,the human response to the luminous environment affected by them is difficult to test,since their features of dynamic change and tinting ...Chromogenic windows enable both energy-saving and daylighting regulation.However,the human response to the luminous environment affected by them is difficult to test,since their features of dynamic change and tinting automatically.This study explores the research methods,including experimental design and statistical analysis,by literature review and an experiment demonstration.The results show that a proper size of the test room is significant to obtain desired data,and the advanced VR technologies have the potential to be applied for testing these dynamic variables.Bayesian approaches are recommended to be tried and get more accurate interference about the experimental results.展开更多
Flow field computation plays a critical role in both scientific research and engineering applications.For decades,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)has served as the cornerstone of flow field analysis;however,high-reso...Flow field computation plays a critical role in both scientific research and engineering applications.For decades,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)has served as the cornerstone of flow field analysis;however,high-resolution simulations are often hindered by considerable computational costs and lengthy processing times.In recent years,deep learning(DL),with its exceptional capability to handle high-dimensional nonlinear problems,has achieved remarkable progress in the field of fluid mechanics.This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in applying DL methods to accelerate flow field computation,with particular emphasis on complex indoor environments characterized by multi-physics coupling.We begin by outlining the fundamental frameworks of deep learning and,on this basis,summarize four representative neural network architectures for flow prediction:end-to-end mapping networks,reduced-order mapping networks,physics-informed neural networks(PINNs),and operator neural networks(ONNs).We then systematically review the specific applications of these DL algorithms in indoor flow field prediction.In addition,we discuss key challenges faced by current research,including the lack of large,high-quality databases,limited interpretability and generalization capability of existing models,and the difficulty of accurately representing real indoor environments.Finally,we propose several promising research directions,such as exploring advanced algorithms,enhancing self-supervised learning techniques,and developing geometry-aware network models and multi-task hybrid frameworks.Advancing these frontiers is expected not only to significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of flow field computations but also to provide a solid theoretical foundation and technical support for the optimization of intelligent indoor environments.展开更多
Earthen Building Materials and Methods(EBMM)exhibit excellent environmental,health,indoor air quality and affordability benefits.Despite these advantages,EBMM are not yet broadly implemented in mainstream construction...Earthen Building Materials and Methods(EBMM)exhibit excellent environmental,health,indoor air quality and affordability benefits.Despite these advantages,EBMM are not yet broadly implemented in mainstream construction.The main barriers and gaps to implementing earthen construction are analyzed through 126 survey responses and 10 in-depth interviews of a range of experts and end-users,and possible solutions to overcoming these barriers are presented.Specifically,the research indicates that according to earthen construction experts and potential homeowners,inability or difficulty in obtaining building permits is the strongest barrier to implementation.Additionally,existing technical data and environmental assessments must be synthesized and enumerated in order to support decision makers in advancing earthen building policy.展开更多
Sustainability is an important objective for architecture as buildings contribute significantly to the quality of the environment.For this reason,various building environmental assessment systems have been developed a...Sustainability is an important objective for architecture as buildings contribute significantly to the quality of the environment.For this reason,various building environmental assessment systems have been developed and applied around the world since 1990.There is currently little research investigating newly developed systems unlike many previous studies on LEED,BREEAM,etc.To fill this gap,the present study focuses on the G-SEED system in Korea by comparing and contrasting its environmental categories and evaluation criteria with those of other major building environmental assessment systems.We introduce and examine the G-SEED system by addressing the Korean context and local needs to understand the forces between globalization and localization.Methods include a dense review of government documents and reports and interviews with practitioners.The results demonstrate that while the Korean rating system shares many similarities with other systems due to the influence of these predecessors on its development,the G-SEED has customized its practices to meet various local needs by developing unique evaluation criteria such as noise and safety.展开更多
Sustainable and smart building is a recent concept that is gaining momentum in public opinion,and thus,it is making its way into the agendas of researchers and city authorities all over the world.To move towards susta...Sustainable and smart building is a recent concept that is gaining momentum in public opinion,and thus,it is making its way into the agendas of researchers and city authorities all over the world.To move towards sustainable development goals,5G technology would make significant impacts are building construction,operation,and management by facilitating high-class services,providing efficient functionalities.It’s well known that the Singapore is one of top smart cities in this world and from the first counties that adopted of 5G technology in various sectors including smart buildings.Based on these facts,this paper discusses the international trends in 5G applications for smart buildings,and R&D and test bedding works conducted in 5G labs.As well as,the manuscript widely reviewed and discussed the 5G technology development,use cases,applications and future projects which supported by Singapore government.Finally,the 5G use cases for smart buildings and build environment improvement application were discussed.This study can serve as a benchmark for researchers and industries for the future progress and development of smart cities in the context of big data.展开更多
Healthy building is a new trend after green buildings in the world."WELL"was launched as the first guideline for healthy buildings in 2014 in USA.In 2017,China Healthy Building Assessment Standard was launch...Healthy building is a new trend after green buildings in the world."WELL"was launched as the first guideline for healthy buildings in 2014 in USA.In 2017,China Healthy Building Assessment Standard was launched.Good indoor air quality is an important part for healthy buildings.The score of indoor air quality accounts for nearly 25 in the total score(100)in Healthy Building Assessment Standard(T/ASC 02-2016).The indoor air quality items in the standards are mainly based upon China Indoor Air Quality Standard(GB/T 18883-2001).However,the target indoor air pollutants in the both standards(T/ASC 02-2016 and GB/T 18883-2001)are not determined based upon the indoor air quality investigations in China.In order to revise the China Indoor Air Quality Standard(GB/T 18883-2001)and improve or develop the relevant indoor air quality control techniques,it’s necessary to know the important and unsolved problems in indoor air quality control in China.From them,the important scientific problems and key technical problems in China can be identified,and the gaps between the control demands and the levels of the related industries in China can be recognized.Then,various control approaches and strategies can be developed effectively.For this purpose,we present a series of important and unsolved problems in indoor air quality control in China:Identify the target indoor air pollutants and the corresponding thresholds based upon China’s indoor air quality situations,develop energy efficient engineering approaches to simultaneously control indoor air climate and quality,and develop the approach of scientific evaluation for indoor air quality control effect.The important scientific and key technical problems behind them are:The method of determining the target indoor air pollutants,the method of determining the thresholds of the target indoor air pollutants,the principle and method to overall control of indoor air climate and quality,the method of scientific evaluation for indoor air quality control effect not only based upon the concentrations of the target indoor air pollutants but also based upon the human health response.We are carrying out a national research project whose title is"study on fundamental problems and key technical approaches in indoor air quality control".Based upon its research advance,we put forward a framework and understanding of solving the aforementioned problems:(1)Determining the target indoor air pollutants based upon the burden of diseases of indoor air pollutants in China.In the study,the burden of diseases of all target indoor air pollutants is obtained so that the overall burden of diseases of indoor air pollution can be roughly estimated.It’s a quantitative index to show the importance of indoor air quality problems in China.(2)Determining the corresponding thresholds of the indoor air pollutants based upon the control feasibility and the health benefit.The healthy benefit can be evaluated by the reduction of burden of diseases of the target indoor air pollutants which can also be equivalent as the reduction of economic loss.(3)Developing inverse problem and variation method to identify the optimal control systems and operative strategies.It’s an original novel approach for indoor air quality control.(4)Developing some partial space and/or partial time control approaches for indoor air quality.(5)Developing novel evaluation method for control effect by using biomarker-based techniques.(6)Narrowing or even removing the gaps between the indoor air quality control related industries.The indoor air quality control standards in those industries shouldn’t conflict each other.(7)Applying various newly-developed sensors and big data techniques to understand the links between the indoor air quality and human health response.New on-line monitoring sensors with acceptable precision,together with some new big-data analysis methods are strongly needed.To tackling the above problems which are related to many disciplines,collaboration among multi-disciplinary research and industries is very important.展开更多
Fiber-optics daylighting system(FODS)demonstrates significant potential for enhancing natural light utilization efficiency while enabling a more continuous visible spectrum illumination to support circadian rhythm reg...Fiber-optics daylighting system(FODS)demonstrates significant potential for enhancing natural light utilization efficiency while enabling a more continuous visible spectrum illumination to support circadian rhythm regulation.It offers a promising solution for both building energy efficiency and indoor light environment comfort improvement.However,conventional FODS face critical limitations,including low coupling efficiency at the collector-fiber interface and uneven illumination distribution,which impede its practical application.Recent advancements in optical technology present new opportunities for performance optimization of the FODS.Departing from traditional homogenization approaches reliant on optical homogenizers,this study introduces a freeform-caustics-based collector design with discretized energy distribution across the receiving plane.This innovative freeform fiber-optics daylighting system(FFODS)simultaneously addresses localized thermal accumulation and improves coupling efficiency.Furthermore,diffuse transmission materials and a freeform lens are integrated as a dual-functional diffuser to reshaping emitted light and precisely manipulate optical wave fronts,thereby achieving stable and uniform illumination in the targeted area.On this basis,a systematically simulation analysis on the thermal characteristics and photometric performance of the system was conducted.The results validate that the FFODS achieves a 98.5%coupling efficiency with a 126 times reduction in geometric concentration ratio compared to Fresnel lens collector.The diffuser maintains illumination uniformity above 0.8 under bending and adjustment conditions,while realizing 91.5%workspace illumination efficiency in the targeted area.Overall,this novel FFODS provides a transformative technique for advancing conventional FODS with high efficiency and illumination uniformity.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(No.52278111 and No.52238004)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20221315).
文摘Solar energy is widely used to replace traditional energy because of its clean and efficient characteristics.Solar energy has great application potential and prospects in building energy conservation.Combining solar energy with buildings can achieve higher efficiency while reducing costs,and the life of the system is longer.PV/T technology combines solar photovoltaic and photothermal technology and obtains sustainable electrical energy and thermal energy at the same time.PV/T systems can be easily integrated to buildings and the electricity and heat generated by PV/T can drive a variety of physical and chemical processes such as heat collection process,solid/liquid dehumidification process and photo/thermal catalytic purification process.Therefore,building-integrated PV/T system has good application potential in building environment control such as indoor air temperature,air humid-ity and gaseous pollutants control.In the review of the past decade at home and abroad,most of the research on PV/T focuses on the development process,equipment and materials,accounting for 28%,21%and 19%,respectively,while only 15%is related to the building-integrated PV/T system.The present work mainly investigates the application of PV/T in building environment in the past ten years,and reports a variety of application cases of PV/T technology combined with building systems to regulate indoor comfort and improve indoor environment.In addition,this paper reviews the simulation and experimental works of different building solar integrated PV/T systems and puts forward the prospect and suggestion for future research.
基金Sponsored by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51138004)the National Science and Technology Support Program (Grant No.2012BAJ10B02)
文摘Since the research on verification to passive design strategies in sustainable building is at the initial stage,and its test method and verification conclusion are not scientific enough to validate,this paper proposes the necessity of building physical environmental monitoring to quantitative optimization of passive strategies efficiency from the perspective of architecture design and building environment. Adopting comparative research method,this research chooses six types of atrium space in cold climate in China as a prototype,focusing on building physical environmental performance difference in and between atrium and building main space. Spatial parameters of the atrium space will be divided into four factors: spatial geometry,interfacial properties,internal and external related categories. With subdividing these four factors into sub-factors,this paper makes crosscomparison among the sub-factors to clarify passive strategies effectiveness in atrium. Data comparison analysis shows that Winter atrium passive strategy in cold regions from traditional view is not obvious in practical application,and test data need to be stratified refined in atrium design in case of optimizing passive strategy from building prototype perspective.
文摘Full utilization of underground space and buildings could have positive economic and social effects. However, the microclimate and air quality must be well controlled so that they are not harmful to human health. This survey indicated that relative humidity is a common hygienic problem in underground space and buildings. Attention should be paid to humidity control and to the strengthening of routine ventilation at the construction stage. Carbon dioxide can be used as a hygiene index of air pollution; the sanitary standard for it in the air of underground buildings is 10%. The hygienic survey shows that the concentration of carbon dioxide is usually below this standard in the environments of underground space and buildings. (c)1989 Academic Press,Inc.
文摘http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03601323/118Volume 118,Pages 1-388(June 2017)(1)Dynamic setpoint control for museum indoor climate conditioning integrating collection and comfort requirements:Development and energy impact for Europe,P14-31,by Rick Kramer,Jos van Schijndel,Henk Schellen Abstract:This study presents a seven-step algorithm for hourly setpoint calculation of museums'indoor temperature(Ti)
文摘http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03601323/120Volume 120,Pages 1-134(1 August 2017)(1)Long-term thermal performance evaluation of green roof system based on two new indexes:A case study in Shanghai area,P13-28,by Yang He,Hang Yu,Akihito Oza-
文摘Energy and Buildings https://w w w.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/172/suppl/C Volume 172,Pages 1-554(1 August 2018)(1)Thermal performance assessment and improvement of a solar domestic hot water tank with PCM in the mantle,by Jie Deng,Simon Furbo,Weiqiang Kong,Jianhua Fan。
文摘https://w w w. sciencedirect. com/journal/building-and-environment/vol/198/suppl/C Volume 198,July 2021(1) Statistical quantification of the effect of temperature on capillary water absorption in some porous building materials,by Korakuti Hanumanthu,Kaustav Sarkar,Article 107889Abstract:The capillary w ater absorption coefficient is an important transport property that facilitates a relative assessment of the potential durability of porous building materials.
文摘The idea behind this work is developing an adaptive method for the environmental assessment of buildings, to configure different versions according to the variables affecting them (spatial, temporal and associated with building characteristics) to suit different evaluated projects. This method may be applied using an electronic tool, which is in a development stage. Amending different assessment versions of the adaptive method is done by including the variables effect, according to set of steps, such as modifying the formulation of the assessment items, adjusting their estimation weights, and amending their achievement evaluation levels and their returned scores. When using the adaptive method, the assessment result of a building using a certain version differs from the results using other versions, even in the same country, so configuring an appropriate version due to the variables affecting the assessment helps getting more accurate results than the ones currently provided. The main goal of that research is to introduce the adaptive method that is proposed to ensure a fairer assessment results from the perspective of Green Architecture, and allow a more credible and accuracy of results comparison according to the environmental performance of buildings. The researcher analyzed the different main features she used in developing the adaptive method, the Comparative aspects between it and the current assessment methods, and the expected reached advantages from its usage. The paper arrived to the importance of adapting the environmental assessment of buildings according to the different affecting variables, and recommended developing the adaptive method and its tool to the stage of application to benefit its advantages.
文摘Some building components are responsible for achieving more than one environmental function, these functions are usually of different requirements that can never be done by the same actions, and they are usually connected to changeable internal and external environment characteristics that vary among them. Minimizing the conflict of achieving the different environmental functions is an important challenge for all designers. Achieving a continuous thermal and optical comfort in an internal building space using the same window is an example of this challenge, as they have different requirements that may be sometimes contrary. It should be notable that there are a lot of recent technologies that may be used to find solutions for such a conflict. The Environmental Assessment Methods of Buildings appeared to set the principles of the optimum relation between buildings and their environment, they also could be used to encourage designers to reach the best environmental relations, and award them by main or additional assessment points. The research paper proposes to use the Environmental Assessment Methods of Buildings to assess the building ability of minimizing its environmental functions achievement conflict. This proposal depends on determining the inconsistency assessment items that depend on common building components to be achieved, and then determining the time periods that these items are achieved together within, to indicate the time periods without conflicting. Thus, the paper aims to raise the building environmental value in the assessment when the designer succeeds to minimize the expected conflict of the building environmental functions.
文摘At present, under the background of sustainable development, the construction industry must pay attention to energy conservation and consumption reduction in construction if it wants to achieve sustainable development. At present, the application of energy-saving green building materials in construction projects is the main way to achieve energy conservation and consumption reduction, and is an important measure to achieve sustainable development of enterprises. This paper analyzes the application status of building green materials and discusses the influence of building materials control on the construction cost, hoping to provide reference for relevant personnel and improve the economic benefits of construction projects.
文摘Constructing an environ- ment for human rights development is a large, comprehensive project as well asa long and arduous mission. Although constructing an environment for human rights development was not mentioned much in the past, in actuality it began early and achieved sustained progress. It is a gradual process that is also a prerequisite for earnestly respecting and ensuring human rights. There are five dimensions to building a sustainable environment for human rights development.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.08JCYBJC26800)
文摘In order to benchmark the energy efficiency standards for residential buildings in China,the Hong Kong building environment assessment method（HK-BEAM）is chosen as the compliance criteria for assessment.The annual energy consumption and the overall thermal transfer value（OTTV）of a baseline residential building prescribed in the Chinese codes and the HK-BEAM are evaluated and compared by the energy budget approach.The results show that in the Chinese codes,the OTTV of the residential building is lower,but the annual energy consumption and the cooling load are higher than those in the HK-BEAM.The annual energy use difference amounts to 13.4%.All the compliance criteria except the ventilation rate and the equipment power in the Chinese codes are set higher than those in the HK-BEAM.However,the compliance criteria of the ventilation rate and the equipment power,especially the ventilation rate,result in much energy consumption,which ultimately induces a high energy budget for residential buildings.
文摘Driven by the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and against the backdrop of the vigorous development of the global green building industry,the demand for cross-border procurement of environmentally friendly building materials,the core carrier of green buildings,has been on a steady rise.The cross-border procurement supply chain for environmentally friendly building materials involves multiple subjects,links and scenarios,and poor collaboration has become a key bottleneck restricting the efficient supply,cost control and realization of green value of environmentally friendly building materials.Based on the development demands of green buildings,this paper systematically analyzes the current collaboration status of China’s cross-border procurement supply chain for environmentally friendly building materials,and dissects the prominent problems and their root causes such as insufficient subject collaboration,information asymmetry,low logistics efficiency and disunified standards.Combining the supply chain collaboration theory and green management theory,it constructs a five-in-one collaboration mode of“subject collaboration-information collaboration-logistics collaboration-standard collaboration-benefit collaboration”,clarifies the core content,operation mechanism of each collaboration dimension as well as the three support systems of technology,institution and talent,and puts forward targeted optimization countermeasures.This study provides theoretical support and practical reference for promoting the high-quality development of green buildings and enhancing the competitiveness of the cross-border procurement supply chain for environmentally friendly building materials.
基金supported by the project funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation project(2019M661617)the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Nottingham through a PhD studentship awarded to Runqi Liang.
文摘Chromogenic windows enable both energy-saving and daylighting regulation.However,the human response to the luminous environment affected by them is difficult to test,since their features of dynamic change and tinting automatically.This study explores the research methods,including experimental design and statistical analysis,by literature review and an experiment demonstration.The results show that a proper size of the test room is significant to obtain desired data,and the advanced VR technologies have the potential to be applied for testing these dynamic variables.Bayesian approaches are recommended to be tried and get more accurate interference about the experimental results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 52178072).
文摘Flow field computation plays a critical role in both scientific research and engineering applications.For decades,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)has served as the cornerstone of flow field analysis;however,high-resolution simulations are often hindered by considerable computational costs and lengthy processing times.In recent years,deep learning(DL),with its exceptional capability to handle high-dimensional nonlinear problems,has achieved remarkable progress in the field of fluid mechanics.This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in applying DL methods to accelerate flow field computation,with particular emphasis on complex indoor environments characterized by multi-physics coupling.We begin by outlining the fundamental frameworks of deep learning and,on this basis,summarize four representative neural network architectures for flow prediction:end-to-end mapping networks,reduced-order mapping networks,physics-informed neural networks(PINNs),and operator neural networks(ONNs).We then systematically review the specific applications of these DL algorithms in indoor flow field prediction.In addition,we discuss key challenges faced by current research,including the lack of large,high-quality databases,limited interpretability and generalization capability of existing models,and the difficulty of accurately representing real indoor environments.Finally,we propose several promising research directions,such as exploring advanced algorithms,enhancing self-supervised learning techniques,and developing geometry-aware network models and multi-task hybrid frameworks.Advancing these frontiers is expected not only to significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of flow field computations but also to provide a solid theoretical foundation and technical support for the optimization of intelligent indoor environments.
文摘Earthen Building Materials and Methods(EBMM)exhibit excellent environmental,health,indoor air quality and affordability benefits.Despite these advantages,EBMM are not yet broadly implemented in mainstream construction.The main barriers and gaps to implementing earthen construction are analyzed through 126 survey responses and 10 in-depth interviews of a range of experts and end-users,and possible solutions to overcoming these barriers are presented.Specifically,the research indicates that according to earthen construction experts and potential homeowners,inability or difficulty in obtaining building permits is the strongest barrier to implementation.Additionally,existing technical data and environmental assessments must be synthesized and enumerated in order to support decision makers in advancing earthen building policy.
文摘Sustainability is an important objective for architecture as buildings contribute significantly to the quality of the environment.For this reason,various building environmental assessment systems have been developed and applied around the world since 1990.There is currently little research investigating newly developed systems unlike many previous studies on LEED,BREEAM,etc.To fill this gap,the present study focuses on the G-SEED system in Korea by comparing and contrasting its environmental categories and evaluation criteria with those of other major building environmental assessment systems.We introduce and examine the G-SEED system by addressing the Korean context and local needs to understand the forces between globalization and localization.Methods include a dense review of government documents and reports and interviews with practitioners.The results demonstrate that while the Korean rating system shares many similarities with other systems due to the influence of these predecessors on its development,the G-SEED has customized its practices to meet various local needs by developing unique evaluation criteria such as noise and safety.
文摘Sustainable and smart building is a recent concept that is gaining momentum in public opinion,and thus,it is making its way into the agendas of researchers and city authorities all over the world.To move towards sustainable development goals,5G technology would make significant impacts are building construction,operation,and management by facilitating high-class services,providing efficient functionalities.It’s well known that the Singapore is one of top smart cities in this world and from the first counties that adopted of 5G technology in various sectors including smart buildings.Based on these facts,this paper discusses the international trends in 5G applications for smart buildings,and R&D and test bedding works conducted in 5G labs.As well as,the manuscript widely reviewed and discussed the 5G technology development,use cases,applications and future projects which supported by Singapore government.Finally,the 5G use cases for smart buildings and build environment improvement application were discussed.This study can serve as a benchmark for researchers and industries for the future progress and development of smart cities in the context of big data.
文摘Healthy building is a new trend after green buildings in the world."WELL"was launched as the first guideline for healthy buildings in 2014 in USA.In 2017,China Healthy Building Assessment Standard was launched.Good indoor air quality is an important part for healthy buildings.The score of indoor air quality accounts for nearly 25 in the total score(100)in Healthy Building Assessment Standard(T/ASC 02-2016).The indoor air quality items in the standards are mainly based upon China Indoor Air Quality Standard(GB/T 18883-2001).However,the target indoor air pollutants in the both standards(T/ASC 02-2016 and GB/T 18883-2001)are not determined based upon the indoor air quality investigations in China.In order to revise the China Indoor Air Quality Standard(GB/T 18883-2001)and improve or develop the relevant indoor air quality control techniques,it’s necessary to know the important and unsolved problems in indoor air quality control in China.From them,the important scientific problems and key technical problems in China can be identified,and the gaps between the control demands and the levels of the related industries in China can be recognized.Then,various control approaches and strategies can be developed effectively.For this purpose,we present a series of important and unsolved problems in indoor air quality control in China:Identify the target indoor air pollutants and the corresponding thresholds based upon China’s indoor air quality situations,develop energy efficient engineering approaches to simultaneously control indoor air climate and quality,and develop the approach of scientific evaluation for indoor air quality control effect.The important scientific and key technical problems behind them are:The method of determining the target indoor air pollutants,the method of determining the thresholds of the target indoor air pollutants,the principle and method to overall control of indoor air climate and quality,the method of scientific evaluation for indoor air quality control effect not only based upon the concentrations of the target indoor air pollutants but also based upon the human health response.We are carrying out a national research project whose title is"study on fundamental problems and key technical approaches in indoor air quality control".Based upon its research advance,we put forward a framework and understanding of solving the aforementioned problems:(1)Determining the target indoor air pollutants based upon the burden of diseases of indoor air pollutants in China.In the study,the burden of diseases of all target indoor air pollutants is obtained so that the overall burden of diseases of indoor air pollution can be roughly estimated.It’s a quantitative index to show the importance of indoor air quality problems in China.(2)Determining the corresponding thresholds of the indoor air pollutants based upon the control feasibility and the health benefit.The healthy benefit can be evaluated by the reduction of burden of diseases of the target indoor air pollutants which can also be equivalent as the reduction of economic loss.(3)Developing inverse problem and variation method to identify the optimal control systems and operative strategies.It’s an original novel approach for indoor air quality control.(4)Developing some partial space and/or partial time control approaches for indoor air quality.(5)Developing novel evaluation method for control effect by using biomarker-based techniques.(6)Narrowing or even removing the gaps between the indoor air quality control related industries.The indoor air quality control standards in those industries shouldn’t conflict each other.(7)Applying various newly-developed sensors and big data techniques to understand the links between the indoor air quality and human health response.New on-line monitoring sensors with acceptable precision,together with some new big-data analysis methods are strongly needed.To tackling the above problems which are related to many disciplines,collaboration among multi-disciplinary research and industries is very important.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52478100,No.52425801,No.52130803,No.52408102)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC0916)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20241348).
文摘Fiber-optics daylighting system(FODS)demonstrates significant potential for enhancing natural light utilization efficiency while enabling a more continuous visible spectrum illumination to support circadian rhythm regulation.It offers a promising solution for both building energy efficiency and indoor light environment comfort improvement.However,conventional FODS face critical limitations,including low coupling efficiency at the collector-fiber interface and uneven illumination distribution,which impede its practical application.Recent advancements in optical technology present new opportunities for performance optimization of the FODS.Departing from traditional homogenization approaches reliant on optical homogenizers,this study introduces a freeform-caustics-based collector design with discretized energy distribution across the receiving plane.This innovative freeform fiber-optics daylighting system(FFODS)simultaneously addresses localized thermal accumulation and improves coupling efficiency.Furthermore,diffuse transmission materials and a freeform lens are integrated as a dual-functional diffuser to reshaping emitted light and precisely manipulate optical wave fronts,thereby achieving stable and uniform illumination in the targeted area.On this basis,a systematically simulation analysis on the thermal characteristics and photometric performance of the system was conducted.The results validate that the FFODS achieves a 98.5%coupling efficiency with a 126 times reduction in geometric concentration ratio compared to Fresnel lens collector.The diffuser maintains illumination uniformity above 0.8 under bending and adjustment conditions,while realizing 91.5%workspace illumination efficiency in the targeted area.Overall,this novel FFODS provides a transformative technique for advancing conventional FODS with high efficiency and illumination uniformity.
