Building buffer zone space is not only one of essential approaches for better mental quality of interior building space, but also an important factor that may influence interior thermal comfort and energy consumption....Building buffer zone space is not only one of essential approaches for better mental quality of interior building space, but also an important factor that may influence interior thermal comfort and energy consumption. This study aims to analyze regulative advantages of buffer zone to the surrounding functional spaces. Based on a fieldwork test in a typical office building in cold climate zone in Beijing,China,the monitor data show interior physical performance in the Winter. The research selects two types of different buffer zones in the same building. One is a south-faced greenhouse which has large dimension with plenty of vegetation,and the other is a simple atrium in the middle of five floor building with mount of skylights. The factors and their influence to surrounding functional spaces and the whole building are found out from the comparisons of collected data by floor to floor monitor test on both buffer zones at the same time. The comparisons of two types of buffer zones conclude that the greenhouse is more effective to air quality regulation but not so clearly wellperformed to thermal buffering as expected due to the dominate active central heating in the Winter. This fieldwork test results for building performance can be helpful for both architects and engineers in the early phase of sustainable design.展开更多
The performance of an organic photovoltaic （OPV） cell based on copper phthatocyanine CuPc/C60 with a tris- （8-hydroxyquinolinato） aluminum （Alq3） buffer layer has been investigated. It was found that the power c...The performance of an organic photovoltaic （OPV） cell based on copper phthatocyanine CuPc/C60 with a tris- （8-hydroxyquinolinato） aluminum （Alq3） buffer layer has been investigated. It was found that the power conversion efficiency of the device was 1.51% under illumination with an intensity of 100 mW/cm^2, which was limited by a squareroot dependence of the photocurrent on voltage. The photocurrent optical power density characteristics showed that the OPV cell had a significant space-charge limited photocurrent with a varied saturation voltage and a three quarters power dependence on optical power density. Also, the absorption spectrum was measured by a spectrophotometer, and the results showed that the additional Alq3 layer has a minor effect on photocurrent generation.展开更多
提出一种新型的基于满意优化的三电平脉冲宽度调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)整流器有限控制集模型预测控制(finite control set model predictive control,FCS-MPC)方法,将满意优化思想引入模型预测控制的在线规划中,代替传统方法...提出一种新型的基于满意优化的三电平脉冲宽度调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)整流器有限控制集模型预测控制(finite control set model predictive control,FCS-MPC)方法,将满意优化思想引入模型预测控制的在线规划中,代替传统方法中的权值函数,避免了复杂的加权系数整定过程。然而受到电力电子系统结构的限制,三电平PWM整流器仅可输出27种可行电压矢量,过多的控制约束被引入后,极易造成系统优化无解。该文采用几何分析法揭示了优化无解现象的产生原理,并论证了其与瞬时开关频率过高问题之间的内在联系。通过约束松弛的方式弱化满意和失控的界限,使低优先级指标可以参与在线规划。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法在保证系统功率、中点电位等多项指标达到期望满意度的前提下,最大限度的降低了开关动作频率,避免了高采样频率造成器件局部过热损坏。与经典矢量控制的对比结果可知,在较低的开关频率下(fs≈300 Hz)所提方法可获得更优异的动、稳态性能。展开更多
基金Sponsored by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51138004)the National Science and Technology Support Program(Grant No.2012BAJ10B02)
文摘Building buffer zone space is not only one of essential approaches for better mental quality of interior building space, but also an important factor that may influence interior thermal comfort and energy consumption. This study aims to analyze regulative advantages of buffer zone to the surrounding functional spaces. Based on a fieldwork test in a typical office building in cold climate zone in Beijing,China,the monitor data show interior physical performance in the Winter. The research selects two types of different buffer zones in the same building. One is a south-faced greenhouse which has large dimension with plenty of vegetation,and the other is a simple atrium in the middle of five floor building with mount of skylights. The factors and their influence to surrounding functional spaces and the whole building are found out from the comparisons of collected data by floor to floor monitor test on both buffer zones at the same time. The comparisons of two types of buffer zones conclude that the greenhouse is more effective to air quality regulation but not so clearly wellperformed to thermal buffering as expected due to the dominate active central heating in the Winter. This fieldwork test results for building performance can be helpful for both architects and engineers in the early phase of sustainable design.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant Nos. 60736005 and 60425101-1)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the NSFC (Grant No. 60721001),Provincial Project (Grant No. 9140A02060609DZ0208)+1 种基金Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (Grant No. NCET-06-0812),SRF for ROCS,SEM (Grant No. GGRYJJ08-05)Young Excellent Project of Sichuan Province (Grant No. 09ZQ026-074)
文摘The performance of an organic photovoltaic （OPV） cell based on copper phthatocyanine CuPc/C60 with a tris- （8-hydroxyquinolinato） aluminum （Alq3） buffer layer has been investigated. It was found that the power conversion efficiency of the device was 1.51% under illumination with an intensity of 100 mW/cm^2, which was limited by a squareroot dependence of the photocurrent on voltage. The photocurrent optical power density characteristics showed that the OPV cell had a significant space-charge limited photocurrent with a varied saturation voltage and a three quarters power dependence on optical power density. Also, the absorption spectrum was measured by a spectrophotometer, and the results showed that the additional Alq3 layer has a minor effect on photocurrent generation.
文摘提出一种新型的基于满意优化的三电平脉冲宽度调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)整流器有限控制集模型预测控制(finite control set model predictive control,FCS-MPC)方法,将满意优化思想引入模型预测控制的在线规划中,代替传统方法中的权值函数,避免了复杂的加权系数整定过程。然而受到电力电子系统结构的限制,三电平PWM整流器仅可输出27种可行电压矢量,过多的控制约束被引入后,极易造成系统优化无解。该文采用几何分析法揭示了优化无解现象的产生原理,并论证了其与瞬时开关频率过高问题之间的内在联系。通过约束松弛的方式弱化满意和失控的界限,使低优先级指标可以参与在线规划。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法在保证系统功率、中点电位等多项指标达到期望满意度的前提下,最大限度的降低了开关动作频率,避免了高采样频率造成器件局部过热损坏。与经典矢量控制的对比结果可知,在较低的开关频率下(fs≈300 Hz)所提方法可获得更优异的动、稳态性能。
