This paper introduced the definition and importance of combination of sta-ple food. With broad bean nutrition flour as a sample, the preparation of the combi-nation of staple food was also described. In addition, the ...This paper introduced the definition and importance of combination of sta-ple food. With broad bean nutrition flour as a sample, the preparation of the combi-nation of staple food was also described. In addition, the main nutritional value of broad bean nutrition flour was introduced. Compared with those of other single flours, the nutritional value of broad bean nutrition flour was improved. Moreover, the nutrients in the broad bean nutrition flour would not be destroyed during the processing and preparation of staple food, and the processed steamed bread and raw noodle are more characteristic. The application value and prospects of broad bean nutrition flour, as a combination of staple food, were further discussed.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to indentify diseased leaves of broad bean by vibra- tional spectroscopy. [Method] In this paper, broad bean rust, fusarium rhizome rot, broad bean zonate spot, yellow leaf curl virus and norma...[Objective] The aim was to indentify diseased leaves of broad bean by vibra- tional spectroscopy. [Method] In this paper, broad bean rust, fusarium rhizome rot, broad bean zonate spot, yellow leaf curl virus and normal leaves were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. [Result] The spectra of the samples were similar, only with minor differences in absorption inten- sity of several peaks. Second derivative analyses show that the significant difference of all samples was in the range of 1 200-700 cm2. The data in the range of 1 200- 700 cm＇ were selected to evaluate correlation coefficients, hierarchical cluster analy- sis （HCA） and principal component analysis （PCA）. Results showed that the correla- tion coefficients are larger than 0.928 not only between the healthy leaves, but also between the same diseased leaves. The values between healthy and diseased leaves, and among diseased leaves, are all declined. HCA and PCA yielded about 73.3% and 82.2% accuracy, respectively. [Conclusion] This study demonstrated that FTIR techniques might be used to detect crop diseases.展开更多
Using Tongxian No.2 as material, the effects of different film-covering time, different sowing time and different planting density on the occurrence of freeze injury and yield of fresh broad beans were investigated. T...Using Tongxian No.2 as material, the effects of different film-covering time, different sowing time and different planting density on the occurrence of freeze injury and yield of fresh broad beans were investigated. The randomized block design was adopted. The results showed that with the delayed film covering, the incidence of mild freeze injury and number of headless seedlings were increased correspondingly, but the yield was increased; with the delayed sowing, the branch number per plant, effective branch number per plant, incidence of mild freeze injury and number of headless seedlings were all reduced, and the broad beans, sowed on September 30 th, obtained the highest yield; planting density showed on effect on the occurrence of freeze injury, and the yield was increased with the increase of planting density. Under the same film-covering time, the incidence of freeze injury was reduced with the delayed sowing time and it showed no changes when planting density was changed, but the yield was increased with the increase of planting density and it was highest when broad bean seeds were sowed on September 30th;under the same sowing time, the incidence of freeze injury was increased with the delayed film-covering time and it showed no changes when planting density was changed, and the yield was increased with the delayed film-covering time and increased planting density; under the same planting density, the incidence of freeze injury was increased with the delayed film-covering time but was reduced with the delayed sowing time, and the yield was increased with the delayed film-covering time and it was highest when the broad bean seeds were sowed on September30 th. Under same film-covering time and sowing time, the total branch number per plant and effective branch number per plant were reduced, but the yield was increased with the increase of planting density; under same film-covering time and planting density, the incidence of freeze injury was reduced with the delayed sowing time, and the yield was highest when broad bean seeds were sowed on September30th; under same sowing time and planting density, the incidence of freeze injury and the yield were all increased with the delayed film-covering time.展开更多
Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy was used to study diseased leaves in broad bean. Results showed that the infrared spectra of different broad bean diseased leaves were similar, which were mainly made u...Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy was used to study diseased leaves in broad bean. Results showed that the infrared spectra of different broad bean diseased leaves were similar, which were mainly made up of the vibrational absorption bands of protein,lipid and polysaccharide.There were minor differences in-cluding the spectral peak position, peak shape and the absorption intensity in the range of 1 800-1 300 cm-1. There were obvious differences among their second derivative spectra in the range of 1 800-1 300 cm-1. After the procedure of the Fourier self-deconvolution and curve fitting of health bean leaves and broad bean diseased leaves in the range of 1 700-1 500 cm-1, three sub-peaks were obtained at 1 550 cm-1 （protein amide Ⅱ band）, 1 605 cm-1 （lignin） and 1 650 cm-1 （protein amide I band）.The ratios of relative areas of the bands of amide Ⅱ, lignin, and amide I were 38.86%, 28.68% and 32.47% in the spectra of healthy leaves, respec-tively. It was distinguished from the diseased leaves （chocolate spot leaf： 15.42%, 42.98% and 41.61%, ring spot leaf：32.39%, 35.63% and 31.98%, rust leaf： 13.97%, 46.40% and 39.65%, yel owing leaf curl disease leaf： 24.01%,36.55% and 39.44%）. For sub-peak area ratios （A1 563/A1 605, A1 650/A1 605 and A1 563/A1 654）, those of four kinds of diseased leaves were smal er than that of healthy leaves, and there were also differences among four kinds of diseased leaves. The results proved that FTIR combining with curve fitting might be a potential y useful tool for detecting different kinds of broad bean diseases.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the influence of Pb2＋ on the growth and development of broad bean roots. [Method] The effects of Pb2＋ solution of different concentrations on root length, color, bending a...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the influence of Pb2＋ on the growth and development of broad bean roots. [Method] The effects of Pb2＋ solution of different concentrations on root length, color, bending and mitotic index frequency of root tip cells of broad bean were measured and observed. [Result] Pb2＋ at concentration lower than 20 mg/L promoted the growth and development of roots, increased the cell mitotic indexes, but had little influence on root color and bending. When the Pb2＋ concentration was higher than 20 mg/L, the root growth was inhibited; the root color gradually turned deeper; the roots bended, but the cell mitotic index was decreased. [Conclusion] Pb2＋ promoted the growth of broad bean at low concentration but inhibited the growth at high concentration, and the influence was related to Pb2＋ concentration and time.展开更多
The entire fermentation process of traditional Chinese broad bean paste with chili comprises three individual stages:Tianbanzi,chili pei,and paste fermentation(Tianbanzi-chili pei mixture).Three stages share average 7...The entire fermentation process of traditional Chinese broad bean paste with chili comprises three individual stages:Tianbanzi,chili pei,and paste fermentation(Tianbanzi-chili pei mixture).Three stages share average 77.53%of all bacteria(89 genera),indicating that the similar environment leads to the similar bacterial communities.One,one,and three genera are exclusive to Tianbanzi,chili pei,and paste stages,respectively,due to the special physical and chemical properties for each stage.Total acidity,pH,and NaCl are important endogenous factors that promote the succession of bacterial communities.According to the dynamics of organic acids,reducing sugars,amino acids,and volatile compounds,60-,210-,and 180-day are considered the best fermentation periods for Tianbanzi,chili pei,and paste,respectively,to balance time cost and product quality.Three(Tetragenococcus,Lactobacillus,and Pseudomonas),four(Tetragenococcus,Lactobacillus,Bacillus,and Pseudomonas),and five(Tetragenococcus,Lactobacillus,Bacillus,Pseudomonas,and Pediococcus)genera are considered the core functional bacteria of Tianbanzi,chili pei,and paste fermentation,respectively.展开更多
Salinity treatments （NaCl and Na2SO4） reduced plant growth and increased the accumulation of Na^＋, P^3＋,Fe^3＋ , Mn^2＋, and CIin root, stem, leaf and legume. The uptake of K^＋ reduced in the presence of both sal...Salinity treatments （NaCl and Na2SO4） reduced plant growth and increased the accumulation of Na^＋, P^3＋,Fe^3＋ , Mn^2＋, and CIin root, stem, leaf and legume. The uptake of K^＋ reduced in the presence of both salts whereas uptake of Ca^2＋ retarded mainly by Na2SO4. Chlorophyll content was affected mainly by NaCl, while Na2SO4 treatment lowered the rate of photosynthetic activity. Both salt compounds caused accumulation of free amino acids including free proline but reduced the protein content in the leaves. The salt tolerance capacity of the broad beans plant in which the observations of the effect of salinity determined by different concentrations of NaCI and Na2SO4 on growth, chloroplast pigments, photosynthetic, free amino acids, free proline, protein and inorganic elements on plants are combined with observations on growth and yield, in order to arrive at a better understanding of their salt tolerance, has been studied and discussed in this paper. The results for the latter only （fruiting stage） are presented.展开更多
[Objectives] The aim was to clarify the target and approach to purifying and selecting Baoshan Touxinlv broad bean. [Methods] In 2012,5 homozygous strains were selected successfully as the material,and completely rand...[Objectives] The aim was to clarify the target and approach to purifying and selecting Baoshan Touxinlv broad bean. [Methods] In 2012,5 homozygous strains were selected successfully as the material,and completely randomized block arrangement was adopted with 3 repeated trials to analyze the effects of plant height,effective length of podding branches,branch number per plant,pod number per plant,grain number per pod and 100-grain weight on the yield of each plant in the system. [Results] The results showed that the effects of the various factors on the yield of Baoshan broad beans were in the order of grain number per pod 〉 effective length of podding branches 〉 100-grain weight 〉 pod number per plant 〉 branch number per plant 〉 plant height. [Conclusions]In breeding new strains of Baoshan broad beans,under the premise of ensuring the seed nature and quality of the original variety,priority should be given to the gain number per pod and the increment of effective length of podding branches,followed by the pod number per plant,branch number per plant,plant height,which is the best way to breed new strains of Baoshan Touxinlv broad beans.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to analyze the suitability of climatic factors for broad bean in Kunming. [Method] The suitability model of broad bean growth and development was established, involving temperature, rainfal , ...[Objective] The aim was to analyze the suitability of climatic factors for broad bean in Kunming. [Method] The suitability model of broad bean growth and development was established, involving temperature, rainfal , and sunshine, with consideration of bioecology characters of broad beans, in order to make further analysis of suitability of meteorological factors. [Result] Under average climate condition, temperature and sunshine suitability kept higher in the whole growth stage, but rainfal suitability was lower. Hence, lower temperature and insufficient rainfal are limiting factors of broad bean yield. Based on analysis of meteorological factors in 2013, it suggested that temperature and sunshine suitability kept higher in 2013, but rainfal suitability only reached over 0.6 in seedling stage, with rest below. [Conclusion] In the whole growth stage of broad bean in 2013, comprehensive meteorological factors kept middle or higher level and the suitability model reflects suitability of meteorological factors to crops in an objective way, which provides references for improving meteorological services.展开更多
[ Objective] The paper was to select the effective fungicides to control broad bean chocolate spot. [ Method] Seven different fungicides were selected and sprayed in experimental fields in Jiangsu Yanjiang Area Agricu...[ Objective] The paper was to select the effective fungicides to control broad bean chocolate spot. [ Method] Seven different fungicides were selected and sprayed in experimental fields in Jiangsu Yanjiang Area Agricultural Science Research Institute of China in 2012, and yield increase rate and control effect were calculated. [ Result] The control effects of mancozeb 80% WP and pyraclostrobin ＋ metiram 60% WDG against broad bean chocolate spot were 80.88% - 89.26%, and the yield increase rates were 10.85% -41.73%. Mancozeb 80% WP and pyraclostrobin ＋ metiram 60% WG should have beautiful prospect against broad bean chocolate spot owing to excellent control effect and increase yield. [ Conclusion] The study provided reference for field control against broad bean choc- olate spot.展开更多
The present work has been performed to study the growth and metabolic activities of three broad bean cultivars (Giza 843, Sakha 1, and Giza 716) which are shown to have different response to sewage sludge applications...The present work has been performed to study the growth and metabolic activities of three broad bean cultivars (Giza 843, Sakha 1, and Giza 716) which are shown to have different response to sewage sludge applications and to determine the effects of phytohormones IAA or SA. Along with identifying the mechanisms of broad bean response and the role of growth regulators (200 ppm of IAA or 10 mM of SA) in counteract sewage sludge effects is examined. The situation can be recorded that growth parameters fresh, dry matter and water content of pods were significantly increased as increasing SSL in cultivars 843 and in Sakha up to 70% level. However, these parameters were markedly decreased as increasing SSL in cv. Giza 716. Length and number of pods were unchanged in cv. Sakha 1, increased in cv. Giza 843 while they decreased in cv. G<span style="font-family:Verdana;">iza 716 with increasing SSL. Phytohormonal application stimulated growth parameters in pods of three tested cultivars Giza 843, Sakha 1 and Giza 716 with sewage treatments. Soluble sugar and soluble protein content decreased as increasing SSL in both cv. Sakha 1 and cv. Giza 716. In cv. Giza 843, soluble sugar was significantly increased while soluble protein was decreased as increasing SSL. Proline content was unchanged in cv. Sakha 1, increased in cv. Giza 716 while decreased in cv. Giza 843. Metabolites (soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline) showed variations in three broad bean cultivars to IAA or SA application plus sewage sludge treatments. In cv. Giza 716 SS treatment increased Zn, Ni, PB and Cu. In cv. Giza 843 SS treatment decreased Zn, Pb, and Cu while incr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">eased Ni. In cv. Sakha 1 SS treatment decreased Zn, Ni, Pb and Cu. Phytohormonal treatments showed an increasing or decreasing effect in heavy metal in three tested cultivars.</span>展开更多
Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy was used to study two kinds of broad beans with white and green cotyledons respectively.The results show that the infrared spectra of the two kinds of broad beans are simil...Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy was used to study two kinds of broad beans with white and green cotyledons respectively.The results show that the infrared spectra of the two kinds of broad beans are similar and mainly made up of the absorption bands of protein,and polysaccharides.The second derivative infrared spectra amplified the differences and revealed that there were some obvious differences in the range of 1 800-700 cm-1and 1 200-700 cm-1.Hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)were used for the discrimination of the two kinds broad beans based on the second derivative spectral data in the region of 1 611-1 100 cm-1,and yielded 88.9%accuracy.The spectra in the range from 1 700 to 1 600 cm-1were used to perform Fourier self-deconvolution and curve fitting,which obtained nine peaks.The ratios of relative areas of the bands atα-helix,β-sheet,β-turn and the unordered structure of protein in white beans were 67.71%,35.6%,35.6%and 21.09%respectively,while the ratios in green beans were 8.02%,31.59%,37.12%and 23.27%respectively.The results indicate that the secondary structure of protein was different in the two kinds of broad beans.展开更多
Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to maximize fitness, by optimizing the expression of costly defensive traits. Broad bean, Vicia faba L. “Broad Windsor”, produces increased numbers of extrafloral nectaries (EF...Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to maximize fitness, by optimizing the expression of costly defensive traits. Broad bean, Vicia faba L. “Broad Windsor”, produces increased numbers of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) in response to leaf damage to attract mutualistic partners and reduce herbivory. It is currently unknown, however, whether EFN induction is cultivar-specific or is a more general phenomenon. It has also not been determined whether broad beans increase nectar secretion rates in conjunction with EFN induction. We hypothesized that: a) as all broad beans have conspicuous EFNs, all cultivars should produce additional EFNs in response to leaf damage, and b) overall nectar secretion rates should increase with EFN numbers, to attract additional mutualists. We tested our hypothesis by subjecting three broad bean cultivars, Vicia faba L. “Broad Windsor”, “Stereo”, and “Witkiem” to mechanical leaf damage. The degree of change in plant traits associated with growth, in addition to EFN induction, was assessed 1 week after leaf damage. Extrafloral nectar volumes were also assessed, every 24 hours, pre- and post-leaf damage. We confirmed our first, but rejected our second, hypothesis. All cultivars produced additional EFNs, but none increased extrafloral nectar volumes, when experiencing leaf damage. Further experimentation is required to determine if energetic tradeoffs limit multiple forms of defense (i.e., EFN vs. nectar induction), or if this alternative strategy is adaptive for attracting and retaining mutualists. Understanding the costs and benefits of EFN vs. nectar induction will provide insight into the evolution of defensive mutualisms between plants and predatory arthropods.展开更多
It is worthy to mention that the two broad bean cultivars displayed a surprising situation during the fruiting stage of growth. The absolute amount of pods yield was higher in cv. Assiut 125 than in cv. Assiut 84. Thi...It is worthy to mention that the two broad bean cultivars displayed a surprising situation during the fruiting stage of growth. The absolute amount of pods yield was higher in cv. Assiut 125 than in cv. Assiut 84. This situation was in contrast with that in the vegetative stage, where cv. Assiut 84 produced greater vegetative growth than cv. Assiut 125. Although the cv. Assiut 84 was less affected by the highest dose of copper, the cv. Assiut 125 was greatly affected by this dose. However, another surprising situation was recorded when the absolute values of fresh and dry matter of cv. Assiut 125 were much higher than cv. Assiut 84 at any used copper concentration. The fresh matters of the pods of cv. Assiut 84 and cv. Assiut 125 were 7.24 and 10.16 gm at the level of control and 6.69 and 7.59 gm at the level of 350 ppm Cu, respectively. Their dry matters were 1.99 and 3.52 gm at the level of control and 1.77 and 2.13 gm at the level of 350 ppm Cu2+ in cv. Assiut 84 and cv. Assiut 125, respectively. This contradiction was also extended when these copper-affected cultivars were sprayed by IAA. The cv. Assiut 84 responded slightly to IAA treatment. On the other hand, a considerable increase in the dry matter yield was recorded in the pods of cv. Assiut 125 at any used level of copper when compared to the non-sprayed plants treated by the same copper concentration. At the level of 350 ppm Cu2+ , the pod yield was 2-fold that of plants treated only by 350 ppm Cu2+ , without IAA spraying. Thus, even IAA behaved differently in its effect on the crop yield of the two tested broad bean cultivars. There are big and surprising variations in the accumulation of microelements and heavy metals in pods among the two broad bean genotypes, whatever the treatments used. These variations seemed to be complicated which might need further studies. The concentration of amino acids and their individuals also varied among the two cultivars;they increased in cv. Assiut 84 and decreased in cv. Assiut 125. The increased amino acids in cv. Assiut 84 are mostly used as precursors for phytochelatins. For the previous studies, thus the present work was conducted to explain the effect of Cu and interactive effect with IAA on two selected broad bean cultivars Assiut 84 and Assiut 125 during yielding production.展开更多
The present work was conducting to study the strategy response of two broad bean cultivars Assiut 84 and Assiut 125 to different Cu2+ concentrations 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm and 350 ppm in addition to control and int...The present work was conducting to study the strategy response of two broad bean cultivars Assiut 84 and Assiut 125 to different Cu2+ concentrations 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm and 350 ppm in addition to control and interactions with IAA treatments. The dry matter exhibited the biphasic effect of Cu2+ on the growth criteria of the two broad bean cultivars. While the lower and moderate doses of Cu2+ (100 ppm and 200 ppm) stimulated the growth of the two cultivars, the higher doses revealed the opposite event where the growth dropped in both cultivars. This effect was more pronounced in cv. Assiut 84 than in cv. Assiut 125 and also at the higher Cu2+ concentration the growth dropped slightly in cv. Assiut 84 and highly significantly in cv. Assiut 125. The percent of increase in dry matter at 200 ppm in stem and leaf of cv. Assiut 84 was 120.45% and 155.31%, otherwise this percent of increase in these organs of cv. Assiut 125 was 114.29% and 131.41%. However the percent of reduction at 350 ppm Cu2+ in root and stem of cv. Assiut 84 was 74.13%, 79.23% and in root, stem and leaf of cv. Assiut 125 was 59.27%, 70.91%, 70.76% compared with control plants. Soluble carbohydrate in cv. Assiut 84 and cv. Assiut 125 was markedly increased while soluble protein was decreased in root, stem and in leaves at lower Cu2+ concentration. Also while Cu2+-stressed cv. Assiut 84 maintained potassium and magnesium levels around the control values and some promotion occurred especially in roots and stems, these cations dropped markedly in cv. Assiut 125 as a result of Cu2+ treatments. While Cu2+ had a marked stimulatory effect in the absorption and accumulation of calcium in the different organs of cv. Assiut 84, it, on the other hand, significantly inhibited the accumulation of this cation in the different organs of cv. Assiut 125. Treatments broad bean cultivars with Cu2+ plus IAA induced an increase in growth parameters, soluble suga, soluble protein, K+, Ca++ and Mg++ in different parts of two tested cultivars. The uptake, translocation and distribution of mineral ions are affected by various growth regulators among others by IAA. This strategy might be important in heavy metals tolerance mechanisms of crop plants.展开更多
Zygosaccharomyces rouxii(Z.rouxii)and Staphylococcus carnosus(S.carnosus)are fundamental taxa in spontaneous bean-based food fermentation,playing a vital role in flavor generation and macromolecule degradation.The pre...Zygosaccharomyces rouxii(Z.rouxii)and Staphylococcus carnosus(S.carnosus)are fundamental taxa in spontaneous bean-based food fermentation,playing a vital role in flavor generation and macromolecule degradation.The present study aimed to investigate the biological mechanisms underlying the interaction between Z.rouxii Y-8 and S.carnosus M43 in BBP(broad bean paste)moromi by mono-and co-culture.It was found that the biomass of Z.rouxii and S.carnosus was higher in co-culture than that in mono-culture(p<0.05),indicating that a facilitation relationship among them.Moreover,the observed intensity of facilitation(OIF)peaked at 0.479±0.002 under aerobic conditions,which was higher than that under anaerobic conditions(0.147±0.014).Furthermore,the facilitative microbial interaction showed the stability and robustness during co-culture with different inoculum proportions(1:3,1:5,1:7,1:10)and cell passage from 1 to 4 generations.Physical separation co-culture and acetic acid tolerance test revealed that acetic acid played a crucial role in regulating the interaction between Z.rouxii(R^(2)=0.6955)and S.carnosus(R^(2)=0.7097),with metabolic complementarity and inhibition alleviation as the underlying mechanisms.Additionally,Z.rouxii and S.carnosus as starter could enhance the accumulation of flavor compound,and accelerate the maturity of BBP fermentation.The dissection of interaction between Z.rouxii and S.carnosus provided valuable insights for revealing the complex web of relationships among microbiota and the development of microbial starter in BBP brewing ecosystem.展开更多
基金Supported by Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund[CX(13)3084]Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Support Program,China(BE2013352)~~
文摘This paper introduced the definition and importance of combination of sta-ple food. With broad bean nutrition flour as a sample, the preparation of the combi-nation of staple food was also described. In addition, the main nutritional value of broad bean nutrition flour was introduced. Compared with those of other single flours, the nutritional value of broad bean nutrition flour was improved. Moreover, the nutrients in the broad bean nutrition flour would not be destroyed during the processing and preparation of staple food, and the processed steamed bread and raw noodle are more characteristic. The application value and prospects of broad bean nutrition flour, as a combination of staple food, were further discussed.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30960179)Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(2007A048M)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to indentify diseased leaves of broad bean by vibra- tional spectroscopy. [Method] In this paper, broad bean rust, fusarium rhizome rot, broad bean zonate spot, yellow leaf curl virus and normal leaves were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. [Result] The spectra of the samples were similar, only with minor differences in absorption inten- sity of several peaks. Second derivative analyses show that the significant difference of all samples was in the range of 1 200-700 cm2. The data in the range of 1 200- 700 cm＇ were selected to evaluate correlation coefficients, hierarchical cluster analy- sis （HCA） and principal component analysis （PCA）. Results showed that the correla- tion coefficients are larger than 0.928 not only between the healthy leaves, but also between the same diseased leaves. The values between healthy and diseased leaves, and among diseased leaves, are all declined. HCA and PCA yielded about 73.3% and 82.2% accuracy, respectively. [Conclusion] This study demonstrated that FTIR techniques might be used to detect crop diseases.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund[CX(12)3006]Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Support Program,China(BE2013352)Study on Saving the Cost Facility Cultivation Techniques of High-quality,Safe and Efficient in Fresh Faba Bean(HL2014029)~~
文摘Using Tongxian No.2 as material, the effects of different film-covering time, different sowing time and different planting density on the occurrence of freeze injury and yield of fresh broad beans were investigated. The randomized block design was adopted. The results showed that with the delayed film covering, the incidence of mild freeze injury and number of headless seedlings were increased correspondingly, but the yield was increased; with the delayed sowing, the branch number per plant, effective branch number per plant, incidence of mild freeze injury and number of headless seedlings were all reduced, and the broad beans, sowed on September 30 th, obtained the highest yield; planting density showed on effect on the occurrence of freeze injury, and the yield was increased with the increase of planting density. Under the same film-covering time, the incidence of freeze injury was reduced with the delayed sowing time and it showed no changes when planting density was changed, but the yield was increased with the increase of planting density and it was highest when broad bean seeds were sowed on September 30th;under the same sowing time, the incidence of freeze injury was increased with the delayed film-covering time and it showed no changes when planting density was changed, and the yield was increased with the delayed film-covering time and increased planting density; under the same planting density, the incidence of freeze injury was increased with the delayed film-covering time but was reduced with the delayed sowing time, and the yield was increased with the delayed film-covering time and it was highest when the broad bean seeds were sowed on September30 th. Under same film-covering time and sowing time, the total branch number per plant and effective branch number per plant were reduced, but the yield was increased with the increase of planting density; under same film-covering time and planting density, the incidence of freeze injury was reduced with the delayed sowing time, and the yield was highest when broad bean seeds were sowed on September30th; under same sowing time and planting density, the incidence of freeze injury and the yield were all increased with the delayed film-covering time.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30960179)Program for Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology in University of Yunnan Province~~
文摘Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy was used to study diseased leaves in broad bean. Results showed that the infrared spectra of different broad bean diseased leaves were similar, which were mainly made up of the vibrational absorption bands of protein,lipid and polysaccharide.There were minor differences in-cluding the spectral peak position, peak shape and the absorption intensity in the range of 1 800-1 300 cm-1. There were obvious differences among their second derivative spectra in the range of 1 800-1 300 cm-1. After the procedure of the Fourier self-deconvolution and curve fitting of health bean leaves and broad bean diseased leaves in the range of 1 700-1 500 cm-1, three sub-peaks were obtained at 1 550 cm-1 （protein amide Ⅱ band）, 1 605 cm-1 （lignin） and 1 650 cm-1 （protein amide I band）.The ratios of relative areas of the bands of amide Ⅱ, lignin, and amide I were 38.86%, 28.68% and 32.47% in the spectra of healthy leaves, respec-tively. It was distinguished from the diseased leaves （chocolate spot leaf： 15.42%, 42.98% and 41.61%, ring spot leaf：32.39%, 35.63% and 31.98%, rust leaf： 13.97%, 46.40% and 39.65%, yel owing leaf curl disease leaf： 24.01%,36.55% and 39.44%）. For sub-peak area ratios （A1 563/A1 605, A1 650/A1 605 and A1 563/A1 654）, those of four kinds of diseased leaves were smal er than that of healthy leaves, and there were also differences among four kinds of diseased leaves. The results proved that FTIR combining with curve fitting might be a potential y useful tool for detecting different kinds of broad bean diseases.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the influence of Pb2＋ on the growth and development of broad bean roots. [Method] The effects of Pb2＋ solution of different concentrations on root length, color, bending and mitotic index frequency of root tip cells of broad bean were measured and observed. [Result] Pb2＋ at concentration lower than 20 mg/L promoted the growth and development of roots, increased the cell mitotic indexes, but had little influence on root color and bending. When the Pb2＋ concentration was higher than 20 mg/L, the root growth was inhibited; the root color gradually turned deeper; the roots bended, but the cell mitotic index was decreased. [Conclusion] Pb2＋ promoted the growth of broad bean at low concentration but inhibited the growth at high concentration, and the influence was related to Pb2＋ concentration and time.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0400505)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M640241)+2 种基金Tianjin Postdoctoral Foundation(TJQYBSH2018010)Tianjin Municipal Education Commission(TD13-5013,2018ZD08)Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology,Education Ministry of China(2018KF005)。
文摘The entire fermentation process of traditional Chinese broad bean paste with chili comprises three individual stages:Tianbanzi,chili pei,and paste fermentation(Tianbanzi-chili pei mixture).Three stages share average 77.53%of all bacteria(89 genera),indicating that the similar environment leads to the similar bacterial communities.One,one,and three genera are exclusive to Tianbanzi,chili pei,and paste stages,respectively,due to the special physical and chemical properties for each stage.Total acidity,pH,and NaCl are important endogenous factors that promote the succession of bacterial communities.According to the dynamics of organic acids,reducing sugars,amino acids,and volatile compounds,60-,210-,and 180-day are considered the best fermentation periods for Tianbanzi,chili pei,and paste,respectively,to balance time cost and product quality.Three(Tetragenococcus,Lactobacillus,and Pseudomonas),four(Tetragenococcus,Lactobacillus,Bacillus,and Pseudomonas),and five(Tetragenococcus,Lactobacillus,Bacillus,Pseudomonas,and Pediococcus)genera are considered the core functional bacteria of Tianbanzi,chili pei,and paste fermentation,respectively.
文摘Salinity treatments （NaCl and Na2SO4） reduced plant growth and increased the accumulation of Na^＋, P^3＋,Fe^3＋ , Mn^2＋, and CIin root, stem, leaf and legume. The uptake of K^＋ reduced in the presence of both salts whereas uptake of Ca^2＋ retarded mainly by Na2SO4. Chlorophyll content was affected mainly by NaCl, while Na2SO4 treatment lowered the rate of photosynthetic activity. Both salt compounds caused accumulation of free amino acids including free proline but reduced the protein content in the leaves. The salt tolerance capacity of the broad beans plant in which the observations of the effect of salinity determined by different concentrations of NaCI and Na2SO4 on growth, chloroplast pigments, photosynthetic, free amino acids, free proline, protein and inorganic elements on plants are combined with observations on growth and yield, in order to arrive at a better understanding of their salt tolerance, has been studied and discussed in this paper. The results for the latter only （fruiting stage） are presented.
基金Supported by the Project for Longyang Agricultural Technique Extension Station of Modern Agricultural Technology System for Rice Industry of Yunnan[Yunnongke(2009)No.53,Yuncainong(2009)No.171]
文摘[Objectives] The aim was to clarify the target and approach to purifying and selecting Baoshan Touxinlv broad bean. [Methods] In 2012,5 homozygous strains were selected successfully as the material,and completely randomized block arrangement was adopted with 3 repeated trials to analyze the effects of plant height,effective length of podding branches,branch number per plant,pod number per plant,grain number per pod and 100-grain weight on the yield of each plant in the system. [Results] The results showed that the effects of the various factors on the yield of Baoshan broad beans were in the order of grain number per pod 〉 effective length of podding branches 〉 100-grain weight 〉 pod number per plant 〉 branch number per plant 〉 plant height. [Conclusions]In breeding new strains of Baoshan broad beans,under the premise of ensuring the seed nature and quality of the original variety,priority should be given to the gain number per pod and the increment of effective length of podding branches,followed by the pod number per plant,branch number per plant,plant height,which is the best way to breed new strains of Baoshan Touxinlv broad beans.
基金Supported by China Meteorological Administration Key Technology Integration and Application Project(CMAJG2013M47)Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Plan(2010CA017)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to analyze the suitability of climatic factors for broad bean in Kunming. [Method] The suitability model of broad bean growth and development was established, involving temperature, rainfal , and sunshine, with consideration of bioecology characters of broad beans, in order to make further analysis of suitability of meteorological factors. [Result] Under average climate condition, temperature and sunshine suitability kept higher in the whole growth stage, but rainfal suitability was lower. Hence, lower temperature and insufficient rainfal are limiting factors of broad bean yield. Based on analysis of meteorological factors in 2013, it suggested that temperature and sunshine suitability kept higher in 2013, but rainfal suitability only reached over 0.6 in seedling stage, with rest below. [Conclusion] In the whole growth stage of broad bean in 2013, comprehensive meteorological factors kept middle or higher level and the suitability model reflects suitability of meteorological factors to crops in an objective way, which provides references for improving meteorological services.
基金Supported by Special Funds of Modern Agricultural Technology System(CARS-09)
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to select the effective fungicides to control broad bean chocolate spot. [ Method] Seven different fungicides were selected and sprayed in experimental fields in Jiangsu Yanjiang Area Agricultural Science Research Institute of China in 2012, and yield increase rate and control effect were calculated. [ Result] The control effects of mancozeb 80% WP and pyraclostrobin ＋ metiram 60% WDG against broad bean chocolate spot were 80.88% - 89.26%, and the yield increase rates were 10.85% -41.73%. Mancozeb 80% WP and pyraclostrobin ＋ metiram 60% WG should have beautiful prospect against broad bean chocolate spot owing to excellent control effect and increase yield. [ Conclusion] The study provided reference for field control against broad bean choc- olate spot.
文摘The present work has been performed to study the growth and metabolic activities of three broad bean cultivars (Giza 843, Sakha 1, and Giza 716) which are shown to have different response to sewage sludge applications and to determine the effects of phytohormones IAA or SA. Along with identifying the mechanisms of broad bean response and the role of growth regulators (200 ppm of IAA or 10 mM of SA) in counteract sewage sludge effects is examined. The situation can be recorded that growth parameters fresh, dry matter and water content of pods were significantly increased as increasing SSL in cultivars 843 and in Sakha up to 70% level. However, these parameters were markedly decreased as increasing SSL in cv. Giza 716. Length and number of pods were unchanged in cv. Sakha 1, increased in cv. Giza 843 while they decreased in cv. G<span style="font-family:Verdana;">iza 716 with increasing SSL. Phytohormonal application stimulated growth parameters in pods of three tested cultivars Giza 843, Sakha 1 and Giza 716 with sewage treatments. Soluble sugar and soluble protein content decreased as increasing SSL in both cv. Sakha 1 and cv. Giza 716. In cv. Giza 843, soluble sugar was significantly increased while soluble protein was decreased as increasing SSL. Proline content was unchanged in cv. Sakha 1, increased in cv. Giza 716 while decreased in cv. Giza 843. Metabolites (soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline) showed variations in three broad bean cultivars to IAA or SA application plus sewage sludge treatments. In cv. Giza 716 SS treatment increased Zn, Ni, PB and Cu. In cv. Giza 843 SS treatment decreased Zn, Pb, and Cu while incr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">eased Ni. In cv. Sakha 1 SS treatment decreased Zn, Ni, Pb and Cu. Phytohormonal treatments showed an increasing or decreasing effect in heavy metal in three tested cultivars.</span>
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(30960179)
文摘Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy was used to study two kinds of broad beans with white and green cotyledons respectively.The results show that the infrared spectra of the two kinds of broad beans are similar and mainly made up of the absorption bands of protein,and polysaccharides.The second derivative infrared spectra amplified the differences and revealed that there were some obvious differences in the range of 1 800-700 cm-1and 1 200-700 cm-1.Hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)were used for the discrimination of the two kinds broad beans based on the second derivative spectral data in the region of 1 611-1 100 cm-1,and yielded 88.9%accuracy.The spectra in the range from 1 700 to 1 600 cm-1were used to perform Fourier self-deconvolution and curve fitting,which obtained nine peaks.The ratios of relative areas of the bands atα-helix,β-sheet,β-turn and the unordered structure of protein in white beans were 67.71%,35.6%,35.6%and 21.09%respectively,while the ratios in green beans were 8.02%,31.59%,37.12%and 23.27%respectively.The results indicate that the secondary structure of protein was different in the two kinds of broad beans.
文摘Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to maximize fitness, by optimizing the expression of costly defensive traits. Broad bean, Vicia faba L. “Broad Windsor”, produces increased numbers of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) in response to leaf damage to attract mutualistic partners and reduce herbivory. It is currently unknown, however, whether EFN induction is cultivar-specific or is a more general phenomenon. It has also not been determined whether broad beans increase nectar secretion rates in conjunction with EFN induction. We hypothesized that: a) as all broad beans have conspicuous EFNs, all cultivars should produce additional EFNs in response to leaf damage, and b) overall nectar secretion rates should increase with EFN numbers, to attract additional mutualists. We tested our hypothesis by subjecting three broad bean cultivars, Vicia faba L. “Broad Windsor”, “Stereo”, and “Witkiem” to mechanical leaf damage. The degree of change in plant traits associated with growth, in addition to EFN induction, was assessed 1 week after leaf damage. Extrafloral nectar volumes were also assessed, every 24 hours, pre- and post-leaf damage. We confirmed our first, but rejected our second, hypothesis. All cultivars produced additional EFNs, but none increased extrafloral nectar volumes, when experiencing leaf damage. Further experimentation is required to determine if energetic tradeoffs limit multiple forms of defense (i.e., EFN vs. nectar induction), or if this alternative strategy is adaptive for attracting and retaining mutualists. Understanding the costs and benefits of EFN vs. nectar induction will provide insight into the evolution of defensive mutualisms between plants and predatory arthropods.
文摘It is worthy to mention that the two broad bean cultivars displayed a surprising situation during the fruiting stage of growth. The absolute amount of pods yield was higher in cv. Assiut 125 than in cv. Assiut 84. This situation was in contrast with that in the vegetative stage, where cv. Assiut 84 produced greater vegetative growth than cv. Assiut 125. Although the cv. Assiut 84 was less affected by the highest dose of copper, the cv. Assiut 125 was greatly affected by this dose. However, another surprising situation was recorded when the absolute values of fresh and dry matter of cv. Assiut 125 were much higher than cv. Assiut 84 at any used copper concentration. The fresh matters of the pods of cv. Assiut 84 and cv. Assiut 125 were 7.24 and 10.16 gm at the level of control and 6.69 and 7.59 gm at the level of 350 ppm Cu, respectively. Their dry matters were 1.99 and 3.52 gm at the level of control and 1.77 and 2.13 gm at the level of 350 ppm Cu2+ in cv. Assiut 84 and cv. Assiut 125, respectively. This contradiction was also extended when these copper-affected cultivars were sprayed by IAA. The cv. Assiut 84 responded slightly to IAA treatment. On the other hand, a considerable increase in the dry matter yield was recorded in the pods of cv. Assiut 125 at any used level of copper when compared to the non-sprayed plants treated by the same copper concentration. At the level of 350 ppm Cu2+ , the pod yield was 2-fold that of plants treated only by 350 ppm Cu2+ , without IAA spraying. Thus, even IAA behaved differently in its effect on the crop yield of the two tested broad bean cultivars. There are big and surprising variations in the accumulation of microelements and heavy metals in pods among the two broad bean genotypes, whatever the treatments used. These variations seemed to be complicated which might need further studies. The concentration of amino acids and their individuals also varied among the two cultivars;they increased in cv. Assiut 84 and decreased in cv. Assiut 125. The increased amino acids in cv. Assiut 84 are mostly used as precursors for phytochelatins. For the previous studies, thus the present work was conducted to explain the effect of Cu and interactive effect with IAA on two selected broad bean cultivars Assiut 84 and Assiut 125 during yielding production.
文摘The present work was conducting to study the strategy response of two broad bean cultivars Assiut 84 and Assiut 125 to different Cu2+ concentrations 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm and 350 ppm in addition to control and interactions with IAA treatments. The dry matter exhibited the biphasic effect of Cu2+ on the growth criteria of the two broad bean cultivars. While the lower and moderate doses of Cu2+ (100 ppm and 200 ppm) stimulated the growth of the two cultivars, the higher doses revealed the opposite event where the growth dropped in both cultivars. This effect was more pronounced in cv. Assiut 84 than in cv. Assiut 125 and also at the higher Cu2+ concentration the growth dropped slightly in cv. Assiut 84 and highly significantly in cv. Assiut 125. The percent of increase in dry matter at 200 ppm in stem and leaf of cv. Assiut 84 was 120.45% and 155.31%, otherwise this percent of increase in these organs of cv. Assiut 125 was 114.29% and 131.41%. However the percent of reduction at 350 ppm Cu2+ in root and stem of cv. Assiut 84 was 74.13%, 79.23% and in root, stem and leaf of cv. Assiut 125 was 59.27%, 70.91%, 70.76% compared with control plants. Soluble carbohydrate in cv. Assiut 84 and cv. Assiut 125 was markedly increased while soluble protein was decreased in root, stem and in leaves at lower Cu2+ concentration. Also while Cu2+-stressed cv. Assiut 84 maintained potassium and magnesium levels around the control values and some promotion occurred especially in roots and stems, these cations dropped markedly in cv. Assiut 125 as a result of Cu2+ treatments. While Cu2+ had a marked stimulatory effect in the absorption and accumulation of calcium in the different organs of cv. Assiut 84, it, on the other hand, significantly inhibited the accumulation of this cation in the different organs of cv. Assiut 125. Treatments broad bean cultivars with Cu2+ plus IAA induced an increase in growth parameters, soluble suga, soluble protein, K+, Ca++ and Mg++ in different parts of two tested cultivars. The uptake, translocation and distribution of mineral ions are affected by various growth regulators among others by IAA. This strategy might be important in heavy metals tolerance mechanisms of crop plants.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation(No.32272282)Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology,Ministry of Education(No.KLIB-KF202104)+1 种基金Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(No.111-2-06)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX22_2366).
文摘Zygosaccharomyces rouxii(Z.rouxii)and Staphylococcus carnosus(S.carnosus)are fundamental taxa in spontaneous bean-based food fermentation,playing a vital role in flavor generation and macromolecule degradation.The present study aimed to investigate the biological mechanisms underlying the interaction between Z.rouxii Y-8 and S.carnosus M43 in BBP(broad bean paste)moromi by mono-and co-culture.It was found that the biomass of Z.rouxii and S.carnosus was higher in co-culture than that in mono-culture(p<0.05),indicating that a facilitation relationship among them.Moreover,the observed intensity of facilitation(OIF)peaked at 0.479±0.002 under aerobic conditions,which was higher than that under anaerobic conditions(0.147±0.014).Furthermore,the facilitative microbial interaction showed the stability and robustness during co-culture with different inoculum proportions(1:3,1:5,1:7,1:10)and cell passage from 1 to 4 generations.Physical separation co-culture and acetic acid tolerance test revealed that acetic acid played a crucial role in regulating the interaction between Z.rouxii(R^(2)=0.6955)and S.carnosus(R^(2)=0.7097),with metabolic complementarity and inhibition alleviation as the underlying mechanisms.Additionally,Z.rouxii and S.carnosus as starter could enhance the accumulation of flavor compound,and accelerate the maturity of BBP fermentation.The dissection of interaction between Z.rouxii and S.carnosus provided valuable insights for revealing the complex web of relationships among microbiota and the development of microbial starter in BBP brewing ecosystem.
