Computer simulation permits answering theoretical and applied questions in animal and plant breeding.Blib is a novel multi-module simulation platform,which is able to handle more complicated genetic effects and models...Computer simulation permits answering theoretical and applied questions in animal and plant breeding.Blib is a novel multi-module simulation platform,which is able to handle more complicated genetic effects and models than most existing tools.In this study,we describe one major and unified application module of Blib,i.e.,ISB(abbreviated from in silico breeding),for simulating the three categories of breeding programs for developing clonal,pure-line and hybrid cultivars in plants.Genetic models on environments and breeding-targeted traits,one or several parental populations,and a number of breeding methods are key elements to run simulation experiments in ISB,which are arranged in three external input files by given formats.Applications of ISB are illustrated by three case studies,representing the three categories of plant breeding programs.Under the condition that 5000 F1 progenies were generated and tested from 50 heterozygous parents,Case study I showed that 50 crosses,each of 100 progenies,made the best balance between genetic achievement and field cost.In Case study II,one optimum breeding method was identified by which the pure lines with high yield and medium maturity could be developed.Case study III investigated the genetic consequence in hybrid breeding from five testers.One tester was identified for the simultaneous improvement in F1 hybrids and inbred lines.In summary,ISB identified a balanced crossing scheme,an optimum pure-line selection method,and an optimized tester in three case studies which are relevant to plant breeding.We believe the prediction by simulation would be highly required in front of the next generation of breeding to be driven by informatics and intelligence.展开更多
This paper outlines effective methods for selecting and breeding maize varieties,with a focus on early and late hybridization,superior line re-selection,multi-part selection,and other techniques.The goal is to facilit...This paper outlines effective methods for selecting and breeding maize varieties,with a focus on early and late hybridization,superior line re-selection,multi-part selection,and other techniques.The goal is to facilitate the innovation of northern spring-sown maize germplasm resources,the selection and breeding of new varieties,thereby contributing to food security in China.展开更多
[ Objective ] The paper is to explore the breeding of rice gall midge. [ Method ] The morphological characteristics, living habits, breeding method and resistance identification of rice gall midge are introduced. [ Re...[ Objective ] The paper is to explore the breeding of rice gall midge. [ Method ] The morphological characteristics, living habits, breeding method and resistance identification of rice gall midge are introduced. [ Result] TN1 can be used as feedstuff to feed rice gall midge, and water should be sprayed to keep moisture during the breeding process. The damage caused by mice, rice planthopper, ants and spiders during the breeding process should be paid attention, mice and ants can be controlled by water insulation method, rice planthopper and spiders can be controlled by tap water rinsing method and artificial capture method, respec- tively. [ Conlcusion] The study provides reference for further study on rice gall midge.展开更多
Referring to corn breeding literature at home and abroad,the possible ways to improve the efficiency of maize breeding were discussed.The results showed that through the summary and reflection on breeding objectives a...Referring to corn breeding literature at home and abroad,the possible ways to improve the efficiency of maize breeding were discussed.The results showed that through the summary and reflection on breeding objectives and strategies,and improvement and optimization of breeding techniques and methods,as well as adjustment and simplification of experimental design and implementation,the breeding cost would be greatly reduced,and the breeding efficiency would be improved.展开更多
Orchids are horticultural plants with significant ornamental and economic value.Increasing market circulation and rising trade in orchids is forcing breeders to develop varieties with unique characteristics,including ...Orchids are horticultural plants with significant ornamental and economic value.Increasing market circulation and rising trade in orchids is forcing breeders to develop varieties with unique characteristics,including flower color,morphology,and resistance using a range of approaches,including traditional and molecular breeding.Advances in high-throughput technologies have generated extensive data sets with greater sequencing depths and broader coverage,providing the potential for discovering new genes/pathways that give rise to key traits.Several attempts have been made to use emerging molecular and omics methods to accelerate the breeding process in certain of the commercially valuable orchids.This review consolidates current approaches and achievements in orchid breeding and discusses their future applications for improving the resistance,ornamental,and other valuable characteristics of these plants.展开更多
Challenges arise in global viticulture due to low temperatures.To ensure the sustainable and high-quality development of the wine industry,it is essential to breed wine grape varieties that are not only of high qualit...Challenges arise in global viticulture due to low temperatures.To ensure the sustainable and high-quality development of the wine industry,it is essential to breed wine grape varieties that are not only of high quality but also possess cold hardiness.Intraspecific recurrent selection in Vitis vinifera can enhance cold hardiness while maintaining fruit quality.In this study,we used‘Ecolly’as an intermediary grape variety for crossing with‘Cabernet Sauvignon’,‘Marselan’,and‘Dunkelfelder’,including three reciprocal crosses and a total of 1,657 intraspecific hybrids.We characterized the cold hardiness of these intraspecific hybrids and analyzed the genetic aspects of cold hardiness,ultimately identifying excellent strains with cold hardiness.Parameters like mean high-temperature exotherm(mHTE),mean low-temperature exotherm(mLTE),bound/free water ratio,water loss ratio in vitro,frost damage grades,and overall performance displayed partially normal distributions.In intraspecific hybrids,there was a maternal advantage in traits related to bound/free water ratio and water loss ratio.Some hybrid populations exhibited values for mHTE,mLTE,and water loss ratio that were lower than the low parent's values,while bound/free water ratio showed values higher than the high parent's values.Among the 1,657 intraspecific hybrids,52 strains could bud under stress at-18℃,and seven of these strains excelled in three important cold hardiness measures.Our study revealed that cold hardiness in V.vinifera is influenced by multiple genes and is a quantitative trait.Intraspecific hybridization can produce a small number of superior strains with enhanced cold hardiness.展开更多
In this paper, domestic and foreign advances in breeding situation and conventional breeding methods of Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and the applica- tion of modem biological techniques （ somaclonal variation, somatic...In this paper, domestic and foreign advances in breeding situation and conventional breeding methods of Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and the applica- tion of modem biological techniques （ somaclonal variation, somatic cell hybridization, genetic map construction, genetic diversity, gene cloning and expression, ge- netic engineering） in breeding of new varieties of F. arundinacea were summarized, which proposed new ideas for the development of F. arundinacea breeding and provided reference for breeding of new varieties of F. arundinacea.展开更多
Based on the Global Regional Assimilation and Prediction System-Tropical Cyclone Model(GRAPES-TCM),an ensemble forecast experiment was performed,in which Typhoon Wipha during the period immediately prior to landfall w...Based on the Global Regional Assimilation and Prediction System-Tropical Cyclone Model(GRAPES-TCM),an ensemble forecast experiment was performed,in which Typhoon Wipha during the period immediately prior to landfall was selected for the study and the breeding of growing mode(BGM) method was used to perturb the initial conditions of the vortex field and the environment field.The results of the experiment indicate that each member had a different initial status in BGM processing and they show a reasonable spread among members along with the forecast phase.Changes in the large-scale field,thermodynamic structure,and spread among members took place when Wipha made landfall.The steering effect of the large-scale field and the interaction between the thermodynamics and the dynamics resulted in different tracks of the members.Meanwhile,the forecast uncertainty increased.In summary,the ensemble mean did not perform as well as the control forecast,but the cluster mean provided some useful information,and performed better than the control in some instances.The position error was 34 km for 24 h forecast,153 km for 48 h forecast,and 191 km for 66 h forecast.The strike probability chart qualitatively described the forecast uncertainty.展开更多
A new millet (Setaria italica Beauv) variety, super early-mature millet No.1, was bred by means of gene bank breedingmethod of target characters. This variety has the following outstanding characters. (1) Super early-...A new millet (Setaria italica Beauv) variety, super early-mature millet No.1, was bred by means of gene bank breedingmethod of target characters. This variety has the following outstanding characters. (1) Super early-mature. This varietyonly needs 1550C effective accumulated temperature and can normally maturate in the Bashang Region in Hebei Provinceof Chi na, which can break through the limit zone of millet cultivation and move the cultivation zone northward greatly. (2)Multi-spikes, in addition to the effect tilling at the top, the nodes in the low-middle part also can produce spikes. (3) Sweetstem have high sugar content. The contents of whole-sugar, soluable sugar and deoxidized sugar are 74.8, 200.5, 237.2%higher than the regular varieties respectively. (4) High gross protein content. The content of gross protein is higher thanthe regular varieties by 3.9-30.4%. (5)Changeable grain color. The grain color of super early-mature millet No.1 is red inShijiazhuang, but yellow in the Bashang region. In addition, this variety is characterized by good quality, high yield, andgood synthetic traits展开更多
基金supported by Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0407501)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31861143003)Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
文摘Computer simulation permits answering theoretical and applied questions in animal and plant breeding.Blib is a novel multi-module simulation platform,which is able to handle more complicated genetic effects and models than most existing tools.In this study,we describe one major and unified application module of Blib,i.e.,ISB(abbreviated from in silico breeding),for simulating the three categories of breeding programs for developing clonal,pure-line and hybrid cultivars in plants.Genetic models on environments and breeding-targeted traits,one or several parental populations,and a number of breeding methods are key elements to run simulation experiments in ISB,which are arranged in three external input files by given formats.Applications of ISB are illustrated by three case studies,representing the three categories of plant breeding programs.Under the condition that 5000 F1 progenies were generated and tested from 50 heterozygous parents,Case study I showed that 50 crosses,each of 100 progenies,made the best balance between genetic achievement and field cost.In Case study II,one optimum breeding method was identified by which the pure lines with high yield and medium maturity could be developed.Case study III investigated the genetic consequence in hybrid breeding from five testers.One tester was identified for the simultaneous improvement in F1 hybrids and inbred lines.In summary,ISB identified a balanced crossing scheme,an optimum pure-line selection method,and an optimized tester in three case studies which are relevant to plant breeding.We believe the prediction by simulation would be highly required in front of the next generation of breeding to be driven by informatics and intelligence.
文摘This paper outlines effective methods for selecting and breeding maize varieties,with a focus on early and late hybridization,superior line re-selection,multi-part selection,and other techniques.The goal is to facilitate the innovation of northern spring-sown maize germplasm resources,the selection and breeding of new varieties,thereby contributing to food security in China.
基金Supported by Major Project of Innovation Plan of Guangxi Province ( GKG0228019-5)Guangxi "Ten,Hundred,Thousand" Talent Project( 2003213)~~
文摘[ Objective ] The paper is to explore the breeding of rice gall midge. [ Method ] The morphological characteristics, living habits, breeding method and resistance identification of rice gall midge are introduced. [ Result] TN1 can be used as feedstuff to feed rice gall midge, and water should be sprayed to keep moisture during the breeding process. The damage caused by mice, rice planthopper, ants and spiders during the breeding process should be paid attention, mice and ants can be controlled by water insulation method, rice planthopper and spiders can be controlled by tap water rinsing method and artificial capture method, respec- tively. [ Conlcusion] The study provides reference for further study on rice gall midge.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Program(2007BAD69B05)~~
文摘Referring to corn breeding literature at home and abroad,the possible ways to improve the efficiency of maize breeding were discussed.The results showed that through the summary and reflection on breeding objectives and strategies,and improvement and optimization of breeding techniques and methods,as well as adjustment and simplification of experimental design and implementation,the breeding cost would be greatly reduced,and the breeding efficiency would be improved.
基金the funding of Scientific Research Project of Shanghai Landscaping&City Appearance Administrative Bureau(Grant No.G202401)Disciplinary Professional Construction Project of College of Art&College of Landscape Architecture(Grant No.YSYL-bdpy-2)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31870199).
文摘Orchids are horticultural plants with significant ornamental and economic value.Increasing market circulation and rising trade in orchids is forcing breeders to develop varieties with unique characteristics,including flower color,morphology,and resistance using a range of approaches,including traditional and molecular breeding.Advances in high-throughput technologies have generated extensive data sets with greater sequencing depths and broader coverage,providing the potential for discovering new genes/pathways that give rise to key traits.Several attempts have been made to use emerging molecular and omics methods to accelerate the breeding process in certain of the commercially valuable orchids.This review consolidates current approaches and achievements in orchid breeding and discusses their future applications for improving the resistance,ornamental,and other valuable characteristics of these plants.
基金supported by Project of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key R&D Program(Grant No.NXNYYZ202101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32360804)+1 种基金Ningxia Science and Technology Department major scientific and technological achievements transformation project(Grant No.2022CJE9007)Ningxia Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2023AAC03064).
文摘Challenges arise in global viticulture due to low temperatures.To ensure the sustainable and high-quality development of the wine industry,it is essential to breed wine grape varieties that are not only of high quality but also possess cold hardiness.Intraspecific recurrent selection in Vitis vinifera can enhance cold hardiness while maintaining fruit quality.In this study,we used‘Ecolly’as an intermediary grape variety for crossing with‘Cabernet Sauvignon’,‘Marselan’,and‘Dunkelfelder’,including three reciprocal crosses and a total of 1,657 intraspecific hybrids.We characterized the cold hardiness of these intraspecific hybrids and analyzed the genetic aspects of cold hardiness,ultimately identifying excellent strains with cold hardiness.Parameters like mean high-temperature exotherm(mHTE),mean low-temperature exotherm(mLTE),bound/free water ratio,water loss ratio in vitro,frost damage grades,and overall performance displayed partially normal distributions.In intraspecific hybrids,there was a maternal advantage in traits related to bound/free water ratio and water loss ratio.Some hybrid populations exhibited values for mHTE,mLTE,and water loss ratio that were lower than the low parent's values,while bound/free water ratio showed values higher than the high parent's values.Among the 1,657 intraspecific hybrids,52 strains could bud under stress at-18℃,and seven of these strains excelled in three important cold hardiness measures.Our study revealed that cold hardiness in V.vinifera is influenced by multiple genes and is a quantitative trait.Intraspecific hybridization can produce a small number of superior strains with enhanced cold hardiness.
基金Supported by Outstanding Young Talent Training Program of Guizhou Province(QKHRZ[2011]1182013BAD01B03-20)
文摘In this paper, domestic and foreign advances in breeding situation and conventional breeding methods of Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and the applica- tion of modem biological techniques （ somaclonal variation, somatic cell hybridization, genetic map construction, genetic diversity, gene cloning and expression, ge- netic engineering） in breeding of new varieties of F. arundinacea were summarized, which proposed new ideas for the development of F. arundinacea breeding and provided reference for breeding of new varieties of F. arundinacea.
基金National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB421500)Shanghai Science and Technology Program (10231203700)National Natural Science Foundation of China (40921160381)
文摘Based on the Global Regional Assimilation and Prediction System-Tropical Cyclone Model(GRAPES-TCM),an ensemble forecast experiment was performed,in which Typhoon Wipha during the period immediately prior to landfall was selected for the study and the breeding of growing mode(BGM) method was used to perturb the initial conditions of the vortex field and the environment field.The results of the experiment indicate that each member had a different initial status in BGM processing and they show a reasonable spread among members along with the forecast phase.Changes in the large-scale field,thermodynamic structure,and spread among members took place when Wipha made landfall.The steering effect of the large-scale field and the interaction between the thermodynamics and the dynamics resulted in different tracks of the members.Meanwhile,the forecast uncertainty increased.In summary,the ensemble mean did not perform as well as the control forecast,but the cluster mean provided some useful information,and performed better than the control in some instances.The position error was 34 km for 24 h forecast,153 km for 48 h forecast,and 191 km for 66 h forecast.The strike probability chart qualitatively described the forecast uncertainty.
基金This work was supported by the National 863 Program of China(2001AA241251).
文摘A new millet (Setaria italica Beauv) variety, super early-mature millet No.1, was bred by means of gene bank breedingmethod of target characters. This variety has the following outstanding characters. (1) Super early-mature. This varietyonly needs 1550C effective accumulated temperature and can normally maturate in the Bashang Region in Hebei Provinceof Chi na, which can break through the limit zone of millet cultivation and move the cultivation zone northward greatly. (2)Multi-spikes, in addition to the effect tilling at the top, the nodes in the low-middle part also can produce spikes. (3) Sweetstem have high sugar content. The contents of whole-sugar, soluable sugar and deoxidized sugar are 74.8, 200.5, 237.2%higher than the regular varieties respectively. (4) High gross protein content. The content of gross protein is higher thanthe regular varieties by 3.9-30.4%. (5)Changeable grain color. The grain color of super early-mature millet No.1 is red inShijiazhuang, but yellow in the Bashang region. In addition, this variety is characterized by good quality, high yield, andgood synthetic traits
