COVID-19 is a highly contagious respiratory disease that can be infected through human exhaled breath.Human breath analysis is an attractive strategy for rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 in a non-invasive way by monitoring...COVID-19 is a highly contagious respiratory disease that can be infected through human exhaled breath.Human breath analysis is an attractive strategy for rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 in a non-invasive way by monitoring breath biomarkers.Mass spectrometry(MS)-based approaches off er a promising analytical platform for human breath analysis due to their high speed,specificity,sensitivity,reproducibility,and broad coverage,as well as its versatile coupling methods with different chromatographic separation,and thus can lead to a better understanding of the clinical and biochemical processes of COVID-19.Herein,we try to review the developments and applications of MS-based approaches for multidimensional analysis of COVID-19 breath samples,including metabolites,proteins,microorganisms,and elements.New features of breath sampling and analysis are highlighted.Prospects and challenges on MS-based breath analysis related to COVID-19 diagnosis and study are discussed.展开更多
BACKGROUND Tidal breathing flow-volume(TBFV)analysis provides important information about lung mechanics in infants.AIM To assess the effects of breastfeeding on the TBFV measurements of infants who recover from acute...BACKGROUND Tidal breathing flow-volume(TBFV)analysis provides important information about lung mechanics in infants.AIM To assess the effects of breastfeeding on the TBFV measurements of infants who recover from acute bronchiolitis.METHODS In this cross-sectional study,TBFV analysis was performed in infants with bronchiolitis prior to hospital discharge.The ratio of time to peak expiratory flow to total expiratory time(tPEF/tE)at baseline and after the administration of 400 mcg salbutamol was evaluated.RESULTS A total of 56 infants(35 boys),aged 7.4±2.8 mo,were included.Of them,12.5%were exposed to tobacco smoke and 41.1%were breastfed less than 2 mo.There were no differences in baseline TBFV measurements between the breastfeeding groups;however,those who breastfed longer than 2 mo had a greater change in tPEF/tE after bronchodilation(12%±10.4%vs 0.9%±7.1%;P<0.001).Moreover,there was a clear dose-response relationship between tPEF/tE reversibility and duration of breastfeeding(P<0.001).In multivariate regression analysis,infants who breastfed less(regression coefficient-0.335,P=0.010)or were exposed to cigarette smoke(regression coefficient 0.353,P=0.007)showed a greater change in tPEF/tE after bronchodilation,independent of sex,prematurity,and family history of asthma or atopy.CONCLUSION Infants who recover from bronchiolitis and have a shorter duration of breastfeeding or are exposed to cigarette smoke,have TBFV measurements indicative of obstructive lung disease.展开更多
Breath analysis can be used to diagnose diseases non-invasively.Accurate measurement of volatolomics is critical for breath analysis to be a gold standard.Tedlar bags(TB)are often used to collect breath samples,but th...Breath analysis can be used to diagnose diseases non-invasively.Accurate measurement of volatolomics is critical for breath analysis to be a gold standard.Tedlar bags(TB)are often used to collect breath samples,but they emit contaminants that affect accuracy.This issue was overlooked in previous studies.We found contamination issues with TB(e.g.,siloxanes and aromatic impurities)that affect the identification of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)due to impurities.Then,home-designed equipment(HD)made with poly-tetrafluoride(PTFE)and quartz glass for breath collection was developed and employed in clinical trials.15 healthy individuals and 32 non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients at IA stage participated in this study.610 VOCs can be collected through TB,which is less than HD(1109 VOCs),demonstrating that the inner wall of the TB easily adsorbs VOCs,leading to decreased detection concentrations.Otherwise,utilizing orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA),we identified chemical markers with significant discriminatory power(VIP>1.5,P<0.05).The HD method identified 12 target VOCs,surpassing the 3 target VOCs discerned by the TB method.A model combined with a machine learning algorithm for distinguishing early-stage lung cancer patients was established based on biomarkers,which were selected based on OPLS-DA.The results showed strong predictive capabilities for the HD-based model.It indicated that 12 biomarkers derived from the HD model were more effective in distinguishing NSCLC patients,with an AUC value of 0.92,compared to the AUC value of 0.5 from 3 markers obtained from the TB model.The sensitivity and specificity in the confusion matrix reached 100%and 80%for the HD test,but TB test reached only 40%and 60%.This work demonstrated that optimizing and standardizing VOCs collection methodology from breath of lung cancer patients is essential to identify actual volatiles,which could promote disease volatolomics worldwide.展开更多
Esophageal cancer is a lethal cancer encompassing adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma subtypes. The global incidence of esophageal cancer is increasing world-wide, associated with the increased prevalence of as...Esophageal cancer is a lethal cancer encompassing adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma subtypes. The global incidence of esophageal cancer is increasing world-wide, associated with the increased prevalence of associated risk factors. The asymptomatic nature of disease often leads to late diagnosis and five-year survival rates of less than 15%. Current diagnostic tools are restricted to invasive and costly endoscopy and biopsy for histopathology. Minimally and non-invasive biomarkers of esophageal cancer are needed to facilitate earlier detection and better clinical management of patients. This paper summarises recent insights into the development and clinical validation of esophageal cancer biomarkers, focussing on circulating markers in the blood, and the emerging area of breath and odorant biomarkers.展开更多
The worldwide interest in the gut microbiome and its impact on the upstream liver highlight a critical upside to breath research: it can uniquely measure otherwise unmeasurable biology. Bacteria make gases [volatile o...The worldwide interest in the gut microbiome and its impact on the upstream liver highlight a critical upside to breath research: it can uniquely measure otherwise unmeasurable biology. Bacteria make gases [volatile organic compounds(VOCs)] that are directly relevant to pathophysiology of the fatty liver and associated conditions, including obesity. Measurement of these VOCs and their metabolites in the exhaled breath, therefore, present an opportunity to safely and easily evaluate, on both a personal and a population level, some of our most pressing public health threats. This is an opportunity that must be pursued. To date, however, breath analysis remains a slowly evolving field which only occasionally impacts clinical research or patient care. One major obstacle to progress is that breath analysis is inherently and emphatically mutli-disciplinary: it connects engineering, chemistry, breath mechanics, biology and medicine. Unbalanced or incomplete teams may produce inconsistent and often unsatisfactory results. A second impediment is the lack of a well-known stepwise structure for the development of non-invasive diagnostics. As a result, the breath research landscape is replete with orphaned single-center pilot studies. Often, important hypotheses and key observations have not been pursued to maturation. This paper reviews the rationale and requirements for breath VOC research applied to the gut-fatty liver axis and offers some suggestions for future development.展开更多
Exhaled ammonia(NH_(3))is an essential noninvasive biomarker for disease diagnosis.In this study,an acetone-modifier positive photoionization ion mobility spectrometry(AM-PIMS)method was developed for accurate qualita...Exhaled ammonia(NH_(3))is an essential noninvasive biomarker for disease diagnosis.In this study,an acetone-modifier positive photoionization ion mobility spectrometry(AM-PIMS)method was developed for accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of exhaled NH_(3)with high selectivity and sensitivity.Acetone was introduced into the drift tube along with the drift gas as a modifier,and the characteristic NH_(3)product ion peak of(C_(3)H_(6)O)_(4)NH_(4)^(+)(K_(0)=1.45 cm^(2)/V·s)was obtained through the ion-molecule reaction with acetone reactant ions(C_(3)H_(6)O)_(2)H^(+)(K_(0)=1.87 cm^(2)/V·s),which significantly increased the peak-to-peak resolution and improved the accuracy of exhaled NH_(3)qualitative identification.Moreover,the interference of high humidity and the memory effect of NH_(3)molecules were significantly reduced via online dilution and purging sampling,thus realizing breath-by-breath measurement.As a result,a wide quantitative range of 5.87-140.92μmol/L with a response time of 40 ms was achieved,and the exhaled NH_(3)profile could be synchronized with the concentration curve of exhaled CO_(2).Finally,the analytical capacity of AM-PIMS was demonstrated by measuring the exhaled NH_(3)of healthy subjects,demonstrating its great potential for clinical disease diagnosis.展开更多
Pathogenic microorganisms produce numerous metabolites,including volatile organic compounds(VOCs).Monitoring these metabolites in biological matrices(e.g.,urine,blood,or breath)can reveal the presence of specific micr...Pathogenic microorganisms produce numerous metabolites,including volatile organic compounds(VOCs).Monitoring these metabolites in biological matrices(e.g.,urine,blood,or breath)can reveal the presence of specific microorganisms,enabling the early diagnosis of infections and the timely implementation of tar-geted therapy.However,complex matrices only contain trace levels of VOCs,and their constituent com-ponents can hinder determination of these compounds.Therefore,modern analytical techniques enabling the non-invasive identification and precise quantification of microbial VOCs are needed.In this paper,we discuss bacterial VOC analysis under in vitro conditions,in animal models and disease diagnosis in humans,including techniques for offline and online analysis in clinical settings.We also consider the advantages and limitations of novel microextraction techniques used to prepare biological samples for VOC analysis,in addition to reviewing current clinical studies on bacterial volatilomes that address inter-species in-teractions,the kinetics of VOC metabolism,and species-and drug-resistance specificity.展开更多
The exploitation of the highly reliable gassensing device for exhaled acetone detection possesses momentous and capacious development prospects in the field of an early noninvasive diabetes diagnosis.Considering that ...The exploitation of the highly reliable gassensing device for exhaled acetone detection possesses momentous and capacious development prospects in the field of an early noninvasive diabetes diagnosis.Considering that the characteristics of crystal facets will impact the gas-sensitive performance,herein three different resistive gas sensors were successfully developed by utilizing the stable α-Fe_(2)O_(3)with different crystal facets as the sensitive materials.The gas-sensitive performance testing results reveal that the(110)crystal faceted α-Fe_(2)O_(3)sensor exhibits relatively superior comprehensive gas sensitivity toward acetone.Particularly,it is worth mentioning that the sensor demonstrates reliable sensitivity,rapid response(25 s)/recovery(3 s)speed,and strong anti-interference capability in detecting 2×10^(-6)acetone for the concentration threshold of diabetes,even when exposed to prolonged periods in variable environments.Furthermore,by simply validating the feasibility of the exhalation diagnosis using the as-prepared gas sensor,the(110)faceted α-Fe_(2)O_(3)gas sensor can effectively discriminate the states of healthy human exhalation and the simulated diabetic exhalation.Through integrating the experimental and theoretical analyses,the superior acetone-sensitive performance of the(110)facetedα-Fe_(2)O_(3)gas sensor can principally be interpreted in correlation with crystal facet-dependent gas adsorption capacity and defect-forming ability.These results not only imply a tremendous application perspective in monitoring acetone gas at sub-ppm concentration,but also open up an effective throughway to develop reliable gas-sensing devices for early non-invasive diabetes screening.展开更多
Orthognathic surgery is frequently accompanied by intermaxillary fixation. Intermaxillary fixation impedes the maintenance of effective oral hygiene and prolonged fixation can result in periodontal disease. A potentia...Orthognathic surgery is frequently accompanied by intermaxillary fixation. Intermaxillary fixation impedes the maintenance of effective oral hygiene and prolonged fixation can result in periodontal disease. A potential shorter term effect is the generation of oral malodour. It is unclear, however, as to how the production of malodorous compounds in the oral cavity is altered post-surgery. Oral air concentration of sulphur containing compounds, short chain organic acids, ammonia, isoprene and acetone were measured using selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry in a patient who had undergone orthognathic surgery with subsequent intermaxillary fixation. Total sulphide levels rose approximately 5-fold during fixation with metal ties, with smaller increases recorded for the other compounds measured with the exception of isoprene which remained close to baseline levels. Organic acid levels declined markedly once elastic ties had replaced metal ties, with a lesser reduction being observed in sulphide levels, with both declining further after the commencement of a chlorhexidinecontaining mouthwash. These data suggest that bacterial generation of a variety of malodorous compounds increases markedly following intermaxillary fixation. This single case also suggests that the use of elastic ties and effective oral hygiene techniques, including the use of chlorhexidine mouthwash, may help ameliorate such post-surgical effects.展开更多
The urgency of early lung cancer(LC)diagnosis and treatment has been more and more significant.Exhaled breath analysis using gas sensors is a promising way to find out if someone has LC due to its low-cost,non-invasiv...The urgency of early lung cancer(LC)diagnosis and treatment has been more and more significant.Exhaled breath analysis using gas sensors is a promising way to find out if someone has LC due to its low-cost,non-invasive,and real-time monitoring compared with traditional invasive diagnostic techniques.Among sensor-based gas detection techniques,metal oxide semiconductor’s gas sensors are one of the most important types.This review presents the-state-of-art in metal oxide gas sensors for the diagnosis of early LC.First,the exhaled breath biomarkers are described with emphasis on the concentration of abnormal volatile organic compounds(VOCs)caused by the metabolic process of LC cells.Then,the research status of metal oxide gas sensors in LC diagnosis is summarized.The sensing performance and enhancement strategy of biomarkers provided by metal oxide semiconductor materials are reviewed.Another effective way to improve VOC detection performance is to build a gas sensor array.At the same time,various gas sensors combined with self-powered techniques are mentioned to display a broad development prospect in breath diagnosis.Finally,metal oxide gas sensor-based LC diagnosis is prospected.展开更多
Adsorption or enrichment has been an indispensable and important measure in biomedical engineering since it is promising in diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases.The ongoing development in this arena starves for...Adsorption or enrichment has been an indispensable and important measure in biomedical engineering since it is promising in diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases.The ongoing development in this arena starves for exploration of outstanding adsorptive materials.As an excellent candidate for adsorption or enrichment carriers,carbon-based material has demonstrated unique superiority in biomedical arena owing to its integrated charac-teristics.Herein,we review the lasted advance in adsorptive carbon-based materials for biomedical application with emphasis on carbon nanotubes(CNTs)-based,graphene-based,and biomass/polymer-based ones.We begin with the classification of different carbon-based materials and elaborate the respective preparation approaches that are utilized to realize optimized microstructure and physicochemical property.Afterwards,we introduce the different applications of carbon-based materials in biomedical arena,including blood purification,enrichment of glycopeptide and phosphopeptide,and breath analysis.Finally,we present a concise summary and give an outlook of this arena.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21804053)。
文摘COVID-19 is a highly contagious respiratory disease that can be infected through human exhaled breath.Human breath analysis is an attractive strategy for rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 in a non-invasive way by monitoring breath biomarkers.Mass spectrometry(MS)-based approaches off er a promising analytical platform for human breath analysis due to their high speed,specificity,sensitivity,reproducibility,and broad coverage,as well as its versatile coupling methods with different chromatographic separation,and thus can lead to a better understanding of the clinical and biochemical processes of COVID-19.Herein,we try to review the developments and applications of MS-based approaches for multidimensional analysis of COVID-19 breath samples,including metabolites,proteins,microorganisms,and elements.New features of breath sampling and analysis are highlighted.Prospects and challenges on MS-based breath analysis related to COVID-19 diagnosis and study are discussed.
文摘BACKGROUND Tidal breathing flow-volume(TBFV)analysis provides important information about lung mechanics in infants.AIM To assess the effects of breastfeeding on the TBFV measurements of infants who recover from acute bronchiolitis.METHODS In this cross-sectional study,TBFV analysis was performed in infants with bronchiolitis prior to hospital discharge.The ratio of time to peak expiratory flow to total expiratory time(tPEF/tE)at baseline and after the administration of 400 mcg salbutamol was evaluated.RESULTS A total of 56 infants(35 boys),aged 7.4±2.8 mo,were included.Of them,12.5%were exposed to tobacco smoke and 41.1%were breastfed less than 2 mo.There were no differences in baseline TBFV measurements between the breastfeeding groups;however,those who breastfed longer than 2 mo had a greater change in tPEF/tE after bronchodilation(12%±10.4%vs 0.9%±7.1%;P<0.001).Moreover,there was a clear dose-response relationship between tPEF/tE reversibility and duration of breastfeeding(P<0.001).In multivariate regression analysis,infants who breastfed less(regression coefficient-0.335,P=0.010)or were exposed to cigarette smoke(regression coefficient 0.353,P=0.007)showed a greater change in tPEF/tE after bronchodilation,independent of sex,prematurity,and family history of asthma or atopy.CONCLUSION Infants who recover from bronchiolitis and have a shorter duration of breastfeeding or are exposed to cigarette smoke,have TBFV measurements indicative of obstructive lung disease.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(No.2022ZDLSF01-04)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22104117)The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University’s Medical"Basic-Clinical"Integration Innovation(No.YXJLRH2022033)。
文摘Breath analysis can be used to diagnose diseases non-invasively.Accurate measurement of volatolomics is critical for breath analysis to be a gold standard.Tedlar bags(TB)are often used to collect breath samples,but they emit contaminants that affect accuracy.This issue was overlooked in previous studies.We found contamination issues with TB(e.g.,siloxanes and aromatic impurities)that affect the identification of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)due to impurities.Then,home-designed equipment(HD)made with poly-tetrafluoride(PTFE)and quartz glass for breath collection was developed and employed in clinical trials.15 healthy individuals and 32 non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients at IA stage participated in this study.610 VOCs can be collected through TB,which is less than HD(1109 VOCs),demonstrating that the inner wall of the TB easily adsorbs VOCs,leading to decreased detection concentrations.Otherwise,utilizing orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA),we identified chemical markers with significant discriminatory power(VIP>1.5,P<0.05).The HD method identified 12 target VOCs,surpassing the 3 target VOCs discerned by the TB method.A model combined with a machine learning algorithm for distinguishing early-stage lung cancer patients was established based on biomarkers,which were selected based on OPLS-DA.The results showed strong predictive capabilities for the HD-based model.It indicated that 12 biomarkers derived from the HD model were more effective in distinguishing NSCLC patients,with an AUC value of 0.92,compared to the AUC value of 0.5 from 3 markers obtained from the TB model.The sensitivity and specificity in the confusion matrix reached 100%and 80%for the HD test,but TB test reached only 40%and 60%.This work demonstrated that optimizing and standardizing VOCs collection methodology from breath of lung cancer patients is essential to identify actual volatiles,which could promote disease volatolomics worldwide.
文摘Esophageal cancer is a lethal cancer encompassing adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma subtypes. The global incidence of esophageal cancer is increasing world-wide, associated with the increased prevalence of associated risk factors. The asymptomatic nature of disease often leads to late diagnosis and five-year survival rates of less than 15%. Current diagnostic tools are restricted to invasive and costly endoscopy and biopsy for histopathology. Minimally and non-invasive biomarkers of esophageal cancer are needed to facilitate earlier detection and better clinical management of patients. This paper summarises recent insights into the development and clinical validation of esophageal cancer biomarkers, focussing on circulating markers in the blood, and the emerging area of breath and odorant biomarkers.
文摘The worldwide interest in the gut microbiome and its impact on the upstream liver highlight a critical upside to breath research: it can uniquely measure otherwise unmeasurable biology. Bacteria make gases [volatile organic compounds(VOCs)] that are directly relevant to pathophysiology of the fatty liver and associated conditions, including obesity. Measurement of these VOCs and their metabolites in the exhaled breath, therefore, present an opportunity to safely and easily evaluate, on both a personal and a population level, some of our most pressing public health threats. This is an opportunity that must be pursued. To date, however, breath analysis remains a slowly evolving field which only occasionally impacts clinical research or patient care. One major obstacle to progress is that breath analysis is inherently and emphatically mutli-disciplinary: it connects engineering, chemistry, breath mechanics, biology and medicine. Unbalanced or incomplete teams may produce inconsistent and often unsatisfactory results. A second impediment is the lack of a well-known stepwise structure for the development of non-invasive diagnostics. As a result, the breath research landscape is replete with orphaned single-center pilot studies. Often, important hypotheses and key observations have not been pursued to maturation. This paper reviews the rationale and requirements for breath VOC research applied to the gut-fatty liver axis and offers some suggestions for future development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:22027804,21974141,and 21904125)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(Grant Nos.:2022-MS-019 and 2022-MS-016)+2 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of Dalian(Grant No.:2022JJ13SN096)Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(Grant Nos.:DICP I202141 and DICP I202144)1+X Program for Large Cohort Study-Clinical Research Incubation Project,The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University(Project No.:2022DXDL01).
文摘Exhaled ammonia(NH_(3))is an essential noninvasive biomarker for disease diagnosis.In this study,an acetone-modifier positive photoionization ion mobility spectrometry(AM-PIMS)method was developed for accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of exhaled NH_(3)with high selectivity and sensitivity.Acetone was introduced into the drift tube along with the drift gas as a modifier,and the characteristic NH_(3)product ion peak of(C_(3)H_(6)O)_(4)NH_(4)^(+)(K_(0)=1.45 cm^(2)/V·s)was obtained through the ion-molecule reaction with acetone reactant ions(C_(3)H_(6)O)_(2)H^(+)(K_(0)=1.87 cm^(2)/V·s),which significantly increased the peak-to-peak resolution and improved the accuracy of exhaled NH_(3)qualitative identification.Moreover,the interference of high humidity and the memory effect of NH_(3)molecules were significantly reduced via online dilution and purging sampling,thus realizing breath-by-breath measurement.As a result,a wide quantitative range of 5.87-140.92μmol/L with a response time of 40 ms was achieved,and the exhaled NH_(3)profile could be synchronized with the concentration curve of exhaled CO_(2).Finally,the analytical capacity of AM-PIMS was demonstrated by measuring the exhaled NH_(3)of healthy subjects,demonstrating its great potential for clinical disease diagnosis.
基金funded by the National Science Centre,Poland(Project No.:2017/26/D/NZ6/00136).
文摘Pathogenic microorganisms produce numerous metabolites,including volatile organic compounds(VOCs).Monitoring these metabolites in biological matrices(e.g.,urine,blood,or breath)can reveal the presence of specific microorganisms,enabling the early diagnosis of infections and the timely implementation of tar-geted therapy.However,complex matrices only contain trace levels of VOCs,and their constituent com-ponents can hinder determination of these compounds.Therefore,modern analytical techniques enabling the non-invasive identification and precise quantification of microbial VOCs are needed.In this paper,we discuss bacterial VOC analysis under in vitro conditions,in animal models and disease diagnosis in humans,including techniques for offline and online analysis in clinical settings.We also consider the advantages and limitations of novel microextraction techniques used to prepare biological samples for VOC analysis,in addition to reviewing current clinical studies on bacterial volatilomes that address inter-species in-teractions,the kinetics of VOC metabolism,and species-and drug-resistance specificity.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62101477,62071410 and 21802114)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2023RC3133)the Excellent Youth Scholars of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(No.21B0141)。
文摘The exploitation of the highly reliable gassensing device for exhaled acetone detection possesses momentous and capacious development prospects in the field of an early noninvasive diabetes diagnosis.Considering that the characteristics of crystal facets will impact the gas-sensitive performance,herein three different resistive gas sensors were successfully developed by utilizing the stable α-Fe_(2)O_(3)with different crystal facets as the sensitive materials.The gas-sensitive performance testing results reveal that the(110)crystal faceted α-Fe_(2)O_(3)sensor exhibits relatively superior comprehensive gas sensitivity toward acetone.Particularly,it is worth mentioning that the sensor demonstrates reliable sensitivity,rapid response(25 s)/recovery(3 s)speed,and strong anti-interference capability in detecting 2×10^(-6)acetone for the concentration threshold of diabetes,even when exposed to prolonged periods in variable environments.Furthermore,by simply validating the feasibility of the exhalation diagnosis using the as-prepared gas sensor,the(110)faceted α-Fe_(2)O_(3)gas sensor can effectively discriminate the states of healthy human exhalation and the simulated diabetic exhalation.Through integrating the experimental and theoretical analyses,the superior acetone-sensitive performance of the(110)facetedα-Fe_(2)O_(3)gas sensor can principally be interpreted in correlation with crystal facet-dependent gas adsorption capacity and defect-forming ability.These results not only imply a tremendous application perspective in monitoring acetone gas at sub-ppm concentration,but also open up an effective throughway to develop reliable gas-sensing devices for early non-invasive diabetes screening.
文摘Orthognathic surgery is frequently accompanied by intermaxillary fixation. Intermaxillary fixation impedes the maintenance of effective oral hygiene and prolonged fixation can result in periodontal disease. A potential shorter term effect is the generation of oral malodour. It is unclear, however, as to how the production of malodorous compounds in the oral cavity is altered post-surgery. Oral air concentration of sulphur containing compounds, short chain organic acids, ammonia, isoprene and acetone were measured using selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry in a patient who had undergone orthognathic surgery with subsequent intermaxillary fixation. Total sulphide levels rose approximately 5-fold during fixation with metal ties, with smaller increases recorded for the other compounds measured with the exception of isoprene which remained close to baseline levels. Organic acid levels declined markedly once elastic ties had replaced metal ties, with a lesser reduction being observed in sulphide levels, with both declining further after the commencement of a chlorhexidinecontaining mouthwash. These data suggest that bacterial generation of a variety of malodorous compounds increases markedly following intermaxillary fixation. This single case also suggests that the use of elastic ties and effective oral hygiene techniques, including the use of chlorhexidine mouthwash, may help ameliorate such post-surgical effects.
基金supported by the Outstanding Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China under Grant No.BK20211548the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51872254+1 种基金the Yangzhou City-Yangzhou University Cooperation Foundation under Grant No.YZ2021153the Walloon Region of Belgium through the Interreg V France-Wallonie-Vlaanderen program under PATHACOV project(Grant No.1.1.297).
文摘The urgency of early lung cancer(LC)diagnosis and treatment has been more and more significant.Exhaled breath analysis using gas sensors is a promising way to find out if someone has LC due to its low-cost,non-invasive,and real-time monitoring compared with traditional invasive diagnostic techniques.Among sensor-based gas detection techniques,metal oxide semiconductor’s gas sensors are one of the most important types.This review presents the-state-of-art in metal oxide gas sensors for the diagnosis of early LC.First,the exhaled breath biomarkers are described with emphasis on the concentration of abnormal volatile organic compounds(VOCs)caused by the metabolic process of LC cells.Then,the research status of metal oxide gas sensors in LC diagnosis is summarized.The sensing performance and enhancement strategy of biomarkers provided by metal oxide semiconductor materials are reviewed.Another effective way to improve VOC detection performance is to build a gas sensor array.At the same time,various gas sensors combined with self-powered techniques are mentioned to display a broad development prospect in breath diagnosis.Finally,metal oxide gas sensor-based LC diagnosis is prospected.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Develop-ment Program of China(2020YFA0908200)the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(22002018)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB33030300)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2021007)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai In-stitutions of Higher Learning(SSH1340011).
文摘Adsorption or enrichment has been an indispensable and important measure in biomedical engineering since it is promising in diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases.The ongoing development in this arena starves for exploration of outstanding adsorptive materials.As an excellent candidate for adsorption or enrichment carriers,carbon-based material has demonstrated unique superiority in biomedical arena owing to its integrated charac-teristics.Herein,we review the lasted advance in adsorptive carbon-based materials for biomedical application with emphasis on carbon nanotubes(CNTs)-based,graphene-based,and biomass/polymer-based ones.We begin with the classification of different carbon-based materials and elaborate the respective preparation approaches that are utilized to realize optimized microstructure and physicochemical property.Afterwards,we introduce the different applications of carbon-based materials in biomedical arena,including blood purification,enrichment of glycopeptide and phosphopeptide,and breath analysis.Finally,we present a concise summary and give an outlook of this arena.
