Water oxidation-a critical yet sluggish step in green hydrogen production-is a major bottleneck for electrolysis efficiency.Traditional catalysts often degrade quickly under the high current densities needed for indus...Water oxidation-a critical yet sluggish step in green hydrogen production-is a major bottleneck for electrolysis efficiency.Traditional catalysts often degrade quickly under the high current densities needed for industrial scale.展开更多
With the continuous deepening of vocational education reform,core literacy,as an important concept of educational reform,has gradually been introduced into English teaching.The cultivation of core literacy requires st...With the continuous deepening of vocational education reform,core literacy,as an important concept of educational reform,has gradually been introduced into English teaching.The cultivation of core literacy requires students not only to master basic language knowledge but also to flexibly use cross-cultural communication skills,innovative thinking,and professional literacy to solve problems in actual work situations.In this context,constructing a vocational English evaluation system based on core literacy has become an urgent need to improve the quality of vocational English teaching and cultivate high-quality applied talents.Therefore,the following will focus on exploring the relevant content of the vocational English evaluation system in order to provide some help.展开更多
Background:Currently,there is a deficiency in a strong risk prediction framework for precisely evaluating the likelihood of severe postoperative complications in patients undergoing elective hepato-pancreatobiliary su...Background:Currently,there is a deficiency in a strong risk prediction framework for precisely evaluating the likelihood of severe postoperative complications in patients undergoing elective hepato-pancreatobiliary surgery subsequent to experiencing breakthrough infection of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).This study aimed to find factors predicting postoperative complications and construct an innovative nomogram to pinpoint patients who were susceptible to developing severe complications following breakthrough infection of COVID-19 after undergoing elective hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery.Methods:This multicenter retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients who underwent elective hepato-pancreato-biliary surgeries between January 3 and April 1,2023 from four hospitals in China.All of these patients had experienced breakthrough infection of COVID-19 prior to their surgeries.Additionally,two groups of patients without preoperative COVID-19 infection were included as comparative controls.Surgical complications were meticulously documented and evaluated using the comprehensive complication index(CCI),which ranged from 0(uneventful course)to 100(death).A CCI value of 20.9 was identified as the threshold for defining severe complications.Results:Among 2636 patients who were included in this study,873 were included in the reference group I,941 in the reference group II,389 in the internal cohort,and 433 in the external validation cohort.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that completing a full course of COVID-19 vaccination>6 months before surgery,undergoing surgery within 4 weeks of diagnosis of COVID-19 breakthrough infection,operation duration of 4 h or longer,cancer-related surgery,and major surgical procedures were significantly linked to a CCI>20.9.A nomogram model was constructed utilizing CCI>20.9 in the training cohort[area under the curve(AUC):0.919,95%confidence interval(CI):0.881–0.957],the internal validation cohort(AUC:0.910,95%CI:0.847–0.973),and the external validation cohort(AUC:0.841,95%CI:0.799–0.883).The calibration curve for the probability of CCI>20.9 demonstrated good agreement between the predictions made by the nomogram and the actual observations.Conclusions:The developed model holds significant potential in aiding clinicians with clinical decisionmaking and risk stratification for patients who have experienced breakthrough infection of COVID-19 prior to undergoing elective hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery.展开更多
Predicting the gas breakthrough pressure of saturated compacted bentonite is crucial for ensuring the long-term safe operation of deep geological repositories for the disposal of high-level radioactive nuclear wastes....Predicting the gas breakthrough pressure of saturated compacted bentonite is crucial for ensuring the long-term safe operation of deep geological repositories for the disposal of high-level radioactive nuclear wastes.In this work,the swelling pressure,water injection,gas injection and mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)tests on saturated compacted Gaomiaozi(GMZ)bentonite specimens with a dry density of 1.3 Mg/m^(3),1.4 Mg/m^(3),1.5 Mg/m^(3),1.6 Mg/m^(3) and 1.7 Mg/m^(3) were conducted.Subsequently,the relationships between the swelling pressure and average inter-particle distance,as well as between the gas entry pressure and the maximum effective pore size were analyzed and established.Considering that gas migration and breakthrough are all closely related to the pore structures of the tested geomaterials,a novel gas breakthrough pressure prediction model based on the pore size distribution(PSD)curve was constructed using an existing prediction model based on gas entry pressure and swelling pressure.Finally,based on the test results of the specimens 1.5 Mg/m^(3),1.6 Mg/m^(3) and 1.7 Mg/m^(3),gas breakthrough pressures of the specimens with dry densities of 1.3 Mg/m^(3) and 1.4 Mg/m^(3) were predicted.The results show that the calculated gas breakthrough pressures of 0.76 MPa and 1.28 MPa are very close to the measured values of 0.80 MPa and 1.30 MPa,validating the accuracy of the proposed model.展开更多
Comprehensive studies on CO_(2)breakthrough times and flooding effects are crucial for optimizing CO_(2)flooding strategies.This study utilized numerical simulations to investigate the effects of hydraulic fractures,p...Comprehensive studies on CO_(2)breakthrough times and flooding effects are crucial for optimizing CO_(2)flooding strategies.This study utilized numerical simulations to investigate the effects of hydraulic fractures,permeability,and CO_(2)injection rates on CO_(2)breakthrough times and cumulative oil production.Nonlinear relationships among the respective variables were established,with Sobol method analysis delineating the dominant control factors.The key findings indicate that although hydraulic fracturing shortens CO_(2)breakthrough time,it concurrently enhances cumulative oil production.The orientation of hydraulic fractures emerged as a pivotal factor influencing flooding effectiveness.Furthermore,lower permeability corresponds to lower initial oil production,while higher permeability corresponds to higher initial daily oil production.When reservoir permeability is 1 mD,oil production declines at 1000 days,and at 2 mD,it declines at 700 days.At a surface CO_(2)injection rate of 10,000 m^(3)/d,the daily oil production of a single well is approximately 7.5 m^(3),and this value remains relatively stable over time.The hierarchical order of influence on CO_(2)breakthrough and rapid rise times,from highest to lowest,is permeability,well spacing,CO_(2)injection rate,porosity,and hydraulic fracture conductivity.Similarly,the order of influence on cumulative oil production,from highest to lowest,is well spacing,porosity,permeability,CO_(2)injection rate,and hydraulic fracture conductivity.This paper analyzed the impact of geological and engineering parameters on CO_(2)flooding and oil production and provided insights to optimize CO_(2)injection strategies for enhanced oil recovery.展开更多
With the reduction of sequencing costs,optimization of algorithms,and improvement of multi-omics integration capabilities,transcriptomics,as a core technology for analyzing gene expression dynamics and discovering key...With the reduction of sequencing costs,optimization of algorithms,and improvement of multi-omics integration capabilities,transcriptomics,as a core technology for analyzing gene expression dynamics and discovering key functional molecules,has shown great potential in the field of disease prevention and control[1,2].The multi-continental transcriptomics study of tick-borne poxvirus not only provides a new perspective for understanding the evolution and transmission of vector-mediated viruses,but also reflects the trend of transcriptomics research and highlights its key role in disease prevention and control[3].展开更多
Cotton(Gossypium spp.)is a pivotal crop in the global textile industry,providing essential natural fibers.Additionally,cottonseed offers significant value as a source of oil and as feed for livestock(Huang et al.2021;...Cotton(Gossypium spp.)is a pivotal crop in the global textile industry,providing essential natural fibers.Additionally,cottonseed offers significant value as a source of oil and as feed for livestock(Huang et al.2021;Wen et al.2023).The sector,dependent on cotton,features a comprehensive value chain extending from the processing of fibers to the production of finished textiles,and it employs tens of millions of individuals(Dorward et al.1970).展开更多
Dear Editor,COVID-19 inactivated vaccines have been extensively administered inChina.However,the majority of the Chinese population has experiencedbreakthrough infections from SARS-CoV-2 ancestral,Delta or Omicronvari...Dear Editor,COVID-19 inactivated vaccines have been extensively administered inChina.However,the majority of the Chinese population has experiencedbreakthrough infections from SARS-CoV-2 ancestral,Delta or Omicronvariants over the past three years,particularly during the wave of Omicron BA.5 and BA.7 variants at the end of 2022(Zhu et al.,2023).Subsequently,new Omicron variants,such as BQ.1,BQ.1.1,XBB,XBB.1/XBB.1.9,and XBB.1.5/XBB.1.9.1,are emerging in China(Yueetal.,2023;Zhu et al.,2023).Therefore,it is an urgentneed and a publichealth imperative to assess the extent of the immunoprotection established in this population.展开更多
On March 3,2024,the prototype permeability logging instrument independently developed in China successfully completed its first downhole test in Ren 91 standard well in PetroChina Huabei Oilfield.In the open hole sect...On March 3,2024,the prototype permeability logging instrument independently developed in China successfully completed its first downhole test in Ren 91 standard well in PetroChina Huabei Oilfield.In the open hole section at a depth of 3925 metres and at a temperature of 148℃,the device collected high-quality permeability logging data.This marks a key technological breakthrough from 0 to 1 in permeability logging,and lays the foundation for the next step in developing a complete set of permeability logging equipment.展开更多
Purpose:To address the“anomalies”that occur when scientific breakthroughs emerge,this study focuses on identifying early signs and nascent stages of breakthrough innovations from the perspective of outliers,aiming t...Purpose:To address the“anomalies”that occur when scientific breakthroughs emerge,this study focuses on identifying early signs and nascent stages of breakthrough innovations from the perspective of outliers,aiming to achieve early identification of scientific breakthroughs in papers.Design/methodology/approach:This study utilizes semantic technology to extract research entities from the titles and abstracts of papers to represent each paper’s research content.Outlier detection methods are then employed to measure and analyze the anomalies in breakthrough papers during their early stages.The development and evolution process are traced using literature time tags.Finally,a case study is conducted using the key publications of the 2021 Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine.Findings:Through manual analysis of all identified outlier papers,the effectiveness of the proposed method for early identifying potential scientific breakthroughs is verified.Research limitations:The study’s applicability has only been empirically tested in the biomedical field.More data from various fields are needed to validate the robustness and generalizability of the method.Practical implications:This study provides a valuable supplement to current methods for early identification of scientific breakthroughs,effectively supporting technological intelligence decision-making and services.Originality/value:The study introduces a novel approach to early identification of scientific breakthroughs by leveraging outlier analysis of research entities,offering a more sensitive,precise,and fine-grained alternative method compared to traditional citation-based evaluations,which enhances the ability to identify nascent breakthrough innovations.展开更多
Familial hypercholesterolemia(FH)is characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels due to genetic mutations,presenting with xanthomas,corneal arch,and severe cardiovascular diseases.Early identif...Familial hypercholesterolemia(FH)is characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels due to genetic mutations,presenting with xanthomas,corneal arch,and severe cardiovascular diseases.Early identification,diagnosis,and treatment are crucial to prevent severe complications like acute myocardial infarction.Statins are the primary treatment,supplemented by Ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors,though their effectiveness can be limited in severe cases.Over 90%of FH cases remain undiagnosed,and current treatments are often inadequate,underscoring the need for improved diagnostic and management systems.Future strategies include advancements in gene testing,precision medicine,and novel drugs,along with gene therapy approaches like AAV-mediated gene therapy and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats.Lifestyle modifications,including health education,dietary control,and regular exercise,are essential for managing FH and preventing related diseases.Research into FH-related gene mutations,especially LDLR,is critical for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.展开更多
On August 28,salmon industry insiders and consumers shared insights and analysis on the salmon market and consumption at the 7th Global Salmon Industry Development Summit.An important component of the 18th Shanghai In...On August 28,salmon industry insiders and consumers shared insights and analysis on the salmon market and consumption at the 7th Global Salmon Industry Development Summit.An important component of the 18th Shanghai International Fisheries Expo,the event attracted more than100 salmon farming companies from around the globe to exchange views on the current situation and future development of the industry.展开更多
Facing dual challenges of climate change and energy crisis,the global iron and steel industry has been seeking to balance efficiency with energy conservation and environmental protection.Could the realities of blast f...Facing dual challenges of climate change and energy crisis,the global iron and steel industry has been seeking to balance efficiency with energy conservation and environmental protection.Could the realities of blast furnace operation possibly align with low-carbon circular development within China's iron and steel industry?Hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace (HyCROF)technology is gaining traction in the Chinese metallurgical industry.展开更多
In the ever-evolving world of textiles,functional fabrics are making waves,particularly in the realm of health and wellness.These advanced textiles are designed not just for comfort and durability but to enhance and m...In the ever-evolving world of textiles,functional fabrics are making waves,particularly in the realm of health and wellness.These advanced textiles are designed not just for comfort and durability but to enhance and monitor our well-being in innovative ways.From self-heating fabrics to textiles that monitor vital signs,the latest breakthroughs in functional textiles are transforming the way we think about clothing and health.Here's an exploration of some of the most exciting advancements in this field.展开更多
The breakthrough of key core technology is a theoretical and practical strategic issue to realize the rise of the country.This paper analyzes the concept of key core technology and its breakthrough and analyzes its ch...The breakthrough of key core technology is a theoretical and practical strategic issue to realize the rise of the country.This paper analyzes the concept of key core technology and its breakthrough and analyzes its characteristics.Based on the perspective of participants,this paper summarizes the influencing factors of key core technology breakthroughs in enterprises:internal and external enterprises,universities and scientific research institutions,and government.This paper expands the relevant research on key core technology breakthroughs and provides inspiration for enterprises to carry out key core technology research and breakthrough practices.展开更多
Objective To analyze the characteristics of breakthrough therapy designation(BTD)and its implementation in China,and to provide reference for the optimization of BTD system.Methods A comparative research method was us...Objective To analyze the characteristics of breakthrough therapy designation(BTD)and its implementation in China,and to provide reference for the optimization of BTD system.Methods A comparative research method was used to study the content and implementation effect of BTD system in China and the relevant policies and implementation of the same procedures of drug regulatory authorities in the United States,Japan and the European Union.Then,the differences in policies and implementation results among these countries were analyzed to provide suggestions for the implementation and optimization of this system in China.Results and Conclusion China’s BTD system is implemented late and a small number of drugs has been approved.At the same time,there are problems such as insufficient guidance and communication from the agency to applicants,a broad application condition,single review mode,and lack of full-time personnel.Both the agencies and the applicants have limited experience due to the short implementation time of BTD system in China.There are still some problems despite we have learned a lot from the experience of other drug regulatory agencies.Therefore,based on our national conditions,we should strengthen the guidance of evaluation agency to applicants,optimize the eligibility criteria of BTD system,introduce the rolling review,and increase the number of professional liaisons,which can accelerate the development and marketing process of drugs with obvious clinical value,and finally to address unmet medical need.展开更多
Water breakthrough in horizontal wells is now the main factor restricting the stable production of the Tainan Gas Field in the Qaidam Basin.In view of this problem,the distribution characteristics of irreducible water...Water breakthrough in horizontal wells is now the main factor restricting the stable production of the Tainan Gas Field in the Qaidam Basin.In view of this problem,the distribution characteristics of irreducible water saturation were investigated by using the nuclear magnetic resonance logging interpretation technology.And combined with the production situations of the horizontal wells in Tainan Gas Field in the initial stage of their production,the characteristic parameters of the reservoir which produced the intrastratal water as soon as it was put into production were determined.Then,the factors influencing the production of irreducible water were studied by means of gas drive water core experiments,and the factors influencing the sealing ability of the interbeds were researched by conducting mudstone breakdown tests.What's more,the effects on the bottomhole pressure by the length of horizontal section at different daily gas productions were investigated through numerical simulation.Finally,the prevention&control countermeasures for water breakthrough in horizontal wells were proposed.And the following research results were obtained.First,the horizontal well which drills into the reservoir with mobile water saturation higher than 7.2%and gas saturation lower than 63.5%produces formation water in its initial stage of production.Second,the lower the shale content is and the greater the production pressure difference is,the more favorable it is for the production of irreducible water.The production of irreducible water in the reservoirs with stronger areal heterogeneity is a continuous process.Third,the sealing capacity of the interbed increases with the decrease of its vertical permeability and water saturation and with the increase of its shale content and thickness.Fourth,the breakthrough pressure of type I mudstone(shale content>90%)is about 4 MPa,that of type II mudstone(80%<shale content<90%)is about 2 MPa,and that of type III mudstone(60%<shale content<80%)is about 1.5 MPa.In conclusion,the edge water encroachment can be delayed and the water-free gas production period of gas well can be extended by increasing the length of horizontal section and controlling the production pressure difference.It is recommended to carry out balanced gas production in horizontal wells in the initial stage of production,enhance dynamic monitoring in the process of production,and drain the water in time in the case of water breakthrough so as to increase its cumulative gas production.展开更多
AIM: To identify the factors associated with virologic breakthrough and to select a subgroup of patients who respond well to lamivudine without developing virologic breakthrough (VBT). METHODS: Of 79 patients who had ...AIM: To identify the factors associated with virologic breakthrough and to select a subgroup of patients who respond well to lamivudine without developing virologic breakthrough (VBT). METHODS: Of 79 patients who had received lamivudine therapy for 9-57 mo, 34 were HBeAg-positive and 45 were HBeAg-negative, 24 developed virologic breakthrough and 55 did not. Clinical and virologic factors were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The median duration of therapy was 25 (9-57) mo. Virologic breakthrough was defined as a > 1 log HBV DNA increase following initial suppression. When several factors, including gender, duration of infection, baseline HBV DNA, and baseline ALT in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis patients were analyzed by logistic regression, the most important predictor of virologic breakthrough was the baseline HBV DNA (r2 = 0.12, P < 0.05). When HBeAg-postitive chronic hepatitis patients were divided into two groups by a point of 6.6 log HBV DNA, the incidence of virologic breakthough between two groups was significantly different. CONCLUSION: Lamivudine may remain an effective first line therapy for those HBeAg-positive patients with a baseline HBV DNA < 6.6 log10 copies/mL.展开更多
Scaled physical model tests for steam breakthrough were conducted based on the analysis of mechanisms and influence factors of steam breakthrough. Physical simulation results showed that at the initial steam breakthro...Scaled physical model tests for steam breakthrough were conducted based on the analysis of mechanisms and influence factors of steam breakthrough. Physical simulation results showed that at the initial steam breakthrough, preferential flow channels were formed in narrow sand packs and most residual oil left in these channels was immobile. This shortened the steam breakthrough time of follow-up steam flooding and decreased the increment of oil recovery efficiency. Steam breakthrough occurred easily for a smaller producer-injector spacing, and a bigger difference in physical properties between fluids and rock. Steam breakthrough is more likely to occur at a larger formation permeability （k）, greater steam displacement velocity （u） and smaller producer-injector spacing （L）. Steam breakthrough time is a function of the parameter group （uk/L）, i.e. tb=3.2151 （uk/L）^-0.5142. A non piston-like displacement model was built based on steam breakthrough observation for a steam stimulated well in the Jinglou Oilfield, Henan Oilfield Company. The steam volume swept in different directions could be obtained from inter-well permeability capacity and breakthrough angle, and the steam swept pore volume （SSPV） was also determined. Numerical simulation showed that steam sweep efficiency reached its peak value when a slug of profile control agent （slug size 10%-15% SSPV） was set at one half of the inter-well spacing. Field test with 12.5% SSPV of profile control agents in the Jinglou Oilfield achieved success in sealing breakthrough channels and good production performance of adjacent producers.展开更多
Cerebral arteriovenous malformations(AVMs) have abnormally enlarged arteries and veins prone to spontaneous hemorrhage.Immediately following surgical excision of a cerebral AVM,even normal brain tissue surrounding the...Cerebral arteriovenous malformations(AVMs) have abnormally enlarged arteries and veins prone to spontaneous hemorrhage.Immediately following surgical excision of a cerebral AVM,even normal brain tissue surrounding the lesion is subject to hemorrhage,a phenomenon termed normal perfusion pressure breakthrough(NPPB) syndrome.According to this theory,arteries supplying cerebral AVMs become dilated and lose their capacity to dilate or constrict to autoregulate pressure.Acutely after removal of a cerebral AVM,excessive blood pressure in these arterial feeders can cause normal brain tissue to bleed.However,this theory remains controversial.We present a patient with a cerebral AVM that demonstrated cerebrovascular reactivity and argues against an assumption underlying the theory of NPPB syndrome.展开更多
文摘Water oxidation-a critical yet sluggish step in green hydrogen production-is a major bottleneck for electrolysis efficiency.Traditional catalysts often degrade quickly under the high current densities needed for industrial scale.
文摘With the continuous deepening of vocational education reform,core literacy,as an important concept of educational reform,has gradually been introduced into English teaching.The cultivation of core literacy requires students not only to master basic language knowledge but also to flexibly use cross-cultural communication skills,innovative thinking,and professional literacy to solve problems in actual work situations.In this context,constructing a vocational English evaluation system based on core literacy has become an urgent need to improve the quality of vocational English teaching and cultivate high-quality applied talents.Therefore,the following will focus on exploring the relevant content of the vocational English evaluation system in order to provide some help.
基金supported by grants from the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(81521091 and 82073031)the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(92269204)Clinical Research Plan of SHDC(SHDC2020CR5007 and SHDC22020213)。
文摘Background:Currently,there is a deficiency in a strong risk prediction framework for precisely evaluating the likelihood of severe postoperative complications in patients undergoing elective hepato-pancreatobiliary surgery subsequent to experiencing breakthrough infection of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).This study aimed to find factors predicting postoperative complications and construct an innovative nomogram to pinpoint patients who were susceptible to developing severe complications following breakthrough infection of COVID-19 after undergoing elective hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery.Methods:This multicenter retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients who underwent elective hepato-pancreato-biliary surgeries between January 3 and April 1,2023 from four hospitals in China.All of these patients had experienced breakthrough infection of COVID-19 prior to their surgeries.Additionally,two groups of patients without preoperative COVID-19 infection were included as comparative controls.Surgical complications were meticulously documented and evaluated using the comprehensive complication index(CCI),which ranged from 0(uneventful course)to 100(death).A CCI value of 20.9 was identified as the threshold for defining severe complications.Results:Among 2636 patients who were included in this study,873 were included in the reference group I,941 in the reference group II,389 in the internal cohort,and 433 in the external validation cohort.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that completing a full course of COVID-19 vaccination>6 months before surgery,undergoing surgery within 4 weeks of diagnosis of COVID-19 breakthrough infection,operation duration of 4 h or longer,cancer-related surgery,and major surgical procedures were significantly linked to a CCI>20.9.A nomogram model was constructed utilizing CCI>20.9 in the training cohort[area under the curve(AUC):0.919,95%confidence interval(CI):0.881–0.957],the internal validation cohort(AUC:0.910,95%CI:0.847–0.973),and the external validation cohort(AUC:0.841,95%CI:0.799–0.883).The calibration curve for the probability of CCI>20.9 demonstrated good agreement between the predictions made by the nomogram and the actual observations.Conclusions:The developed model holds significant potential in aiding clinicians with clinical decisionmaking and risk stratification for patients who have experienced breakthrough infection of COVID-19 prior to undergoing elective hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery.
基金the National Natural Science Foundationof China (Grant No. 42030714).
文摘Predicting the gas breakthrough pressure of saturated compacted bentonite is crucial for ensuring the long-term safe operation of deep geological repositories for the disposal of high-level radioactive nuclear wastes.In this work,the swelling pressure,water injection,gas injection and mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)tests on saturated compacted Gaomiaozi(GMZ)bentonite specimens with a dry density of 1.3 Mg/m^(3),1.4 Mg/m^(3),1.5 Mg/m^(3),1.6 Mg/m^(3) and 1.7 Mg/m^(3) were conducted.Subsequently,the relationships between the swelling pressure and average inter-particle distance,as well as between the gas entry pressure and the maximum effective pore size were analyzed and established.Considering that gas migration and breakthrough are all closely related to the pore structures of the tested geomaterials,a novel gas breakthrough pressure prediction model based on the pore size distribution(PSD)curve was constructed using an existing prediction model based on gas entry pressure and swelling pressure.Finally,based on the test results of the specimens 1.5 Mg/m^(3),1.6 Mg/m^(3) and 1.7 Mg/m^(3),gas breakthrough pressures of the specimens with dry densities of 1.3 Mg/m^(3) and 1.4 Mg/m^(3) were predicted.The results show that the calculated gas breakthrough pressures of 0.76 MPa and 1.28 MPa are very close to the measured values of 0.80 MPa and 1.30 MPa,validating the accuracy of the proposed model.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M752803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52179112)+1 种基金the Open Fund of National Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation,Southwest Petroleum University,China(No.PLN2023-02)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Deep Geothermal Resources,Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China(No.KLDGR2024B01).
文摘Comprehensive studies on CO_(2)breakthrough times and flooding effects are crucial for optimizing CO_(2)flooding strategies.This study utilized numerical simulations to investigate the effects of hydraulic fractures,permeability,and CO_(2)injection rates on CO_(2)breakthrough times and cumulative oil production.Nonlinear relationships among the respective variables were established,with Sobol method analysis delineating the dominant control factors.The key findings indicate that although hydraulic fracturing shortens CO_(2)breakthrough time,it concurrently enhances cumulative oil production.The orientation of hydraulic fractures emerged as a pivotal factor influencing flooding effectiveness.Furthermore,lower permeability corresponds to lower initial oil production,while higher permeability corresponds to higher initial daily oil production.When reservoir permeability is 1 mD,oil production declines at 1000 days,and at 2 mD,it declines at 700 days.At a surface CO_(2)injection rate of 10,000 m^(3)/d,the daily oil production of a single well is approximately 7.5 m^(3),and this value remains relatively stable over time.The hierarchical order of influence on CO_(2)breakthrough and rapid rise times,from highest to lowest,is permeability,well spacing,CO_(2)injection rate,porosity,and hydraulic fracture conductivity.Similarly,the order of influence on cumulative oil production,from highest to lowest,is well spacing,porosity,permeability,CO_(2)injection rate,and hydraulic fracture conductivity.This paper analyzed the impact of geological and engineering parameters on CO_(2)flooding and oil production and provided insights to optimize CO_(2)injection strategies for enhanced oil recovery.
文摘With the reduction of sequencing costs,optimization of algorithms,and improvement of multi-omics integration capabilities,transcriptomics,as a core technology for analyzing gene expression dynamics and discovering key functional molecules,has shown great potential in the field of disease prevention and control[1,2].The multi-continental transcriptomics study of tick-borne poxvirus not only provides a new perspective for understanding the evolution and transmission of vector-mediated viruses,but also reflects the trend of transcriptomics research and highlights its key role in disease prevention and control[3].
文摘Cotton(Gossypium spp.)is a pivotal crop in the global textile industry,providing essential natural fibers.Additionally,cottonseed offers significant value as a source of oil and as feed for livestock(Huang et al.2021;Wen et al.2023).The sector,dependent on cotton,features a comprehensive value chain extending from the processing of fibers to the production of finished textiles,and it employs tens of millions of individuals(Dorward et al.1970).
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82151218)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2301703,2021YFC2301303,2021YFC2300900,2022YFC2303704)+2 种基金Yunnan Key Research and Development Program(202103AC100005,202103AQ100001,202102AA310055)Yunnan Fundamental Research Project(202101AT070282)CAS“Light of West China”.Ethics Review Board of the Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences approved this study(assurance No.:IACUC-PA-2021-11-009)。
文摘Dear Editor,COVID-19 inactivated vaccines have been extensively administered inChina.However,the majority of the Chinese population has experiencedbreakthrough infections from SARS-CoV-2 ancestral,Delta or Omicronvariants over the past three years,particularly during the wave of Omicron BA.5 and BA.7 variants at the end of 2022(Zhu et al.,2023).Subsequently,new Omicron variants,such as BQ.1,BQ.1.1,XBB,XBB.1/XBB.1.9,and XBB.1.5/XBB.1.9.1,are emerging in China(Yueetal.,2023;Zhu et al.,2023).Therefore,it is an urgentneed and a publichealth imperative to assess the extent of the immunoprotection established in this population.
文摘On March 3,2024,the prototype permeability logging instrument independently developed in China successfully completed its first downhole test in Ren 91 standard well in PetroChina Huabei Oilfield.In the open hole section at a depth of 3925 metres and at a temperature of 148℃,the device collected high-quality permeability logging data.This marks a key technological breakthrough from 0 to 1 in permeability logging,and lays the foundation for the next step in developing a complete set of permeability logging equipment.
基金supported by the major project of the National Social Science Foundation of China“Big Data-driven Semantic Evaluation System of Science and Technology Literature”(Grant No.21&ZD329)。
文摘Purpose:To address the“anomalies”that occur when scientific breakthroughs emerge,this study focuses on identifying early signs and nascent stages of breakthrough innovations from the perspective of outliers,aiming to achieve early identification of scientific breakthroughs in papers.Design/methodology/approach:This study utilizes semantic technology to extract research entities from the titles and abstracts of papers to represent each paper’s research content.Outlier detection methods are then employed to measure and analyze the anomalies in breakthrough papers during their early stages.The development and evolution process are traced using literature time tags.Finally,a case study is conducted using the key publications of the 2021 Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine.Findings:Through manual analysis of all identified outlier papers,the effectiveness of the proposed method for early identifying potential scientific breakthroughs is verified.Research limitations:The study’s applicability has only been empirically tested in the biomedical field.More data from various fields are needed to validate the robustness and generalizability of the method.Practical implications:This study provides a valuable supplement to current methods for early identification of scientific breakthroughs,effectively supporting technological intelligence decision-making and services.Originality/value:The study introduces a novel approach to early identification of scientific breakthroughs by leveraging outlier analysis of research entities,offering a more sensitive,precise,and fine-grained alternative method compared to traditional citation-based evaluations,which enhances the ability to identify nascent breakthrough innovations.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2022YFE0209900.
文摘Familial hypercholesterolemia(FH)is characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels due to genetic mutations,presenting with xanthomas,corneal arch,and severe cardiovascular diseases.Early identification,diagnosis,and treatment are crucial to prevent severe complications like acute myocardial infarction.Statins are the primary treatment,supplemented by Ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors,though their effectiveness can be limited in severe cases.Over 90%of FH cases remain undiagnosed,and current treatments are often inadequate,underscoring the need for improved diagnostic and management systems.Future strategies include advancements in gene testing,precision medicine,and novel drugs,along with gene therapy approaches like AAV-mediated gene therapy and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats.Lifestyle modifications,including health education,dietary control,and regular exercise,are essential for managing FH and preventing related diseases.Research into FH-related gene mutations,especially LDLR,is critical for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
文摘On August 28,salmon industry insiders and consumers shared insights and analysis on the salmon market and consumption at the 7th Global Salmon Industry Development Summit.An important component of the 18th Shanghai International Fisheries Expo,the event attracted more than100 salmon farming companies from around the globe to exchange views on the current situation and future development of the industry.
文摘Facing dual challenges of climate change and energy crisis,the global iron and steel industry has been seeking to balance efficiency with energy conservation and environmental protection.Could the realities of blast furnace operation possibly align with low-carbon circular development within China's iron and steel industry?Hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace (HyCROF)technology is gaining traction in the Chinese metallurgical industry.
文摘In the ever-evolving world of textiles,functional fabrics are making waves,particularly in the realm of health and wellness.These advanced textiles are designed not just for comfort and durability but to enhance and monitor our well-being in innovative ways.From self-heating fabrics to textiles that monitor vital signs,the latest breakthroughs in functional textiles are transforming the way we think about clothing and health.Here's an exploration of some of the most exciting advancements in this field.
文摘The breakthrough of key core technology is a theoretical and practical strategic issue to realize the rise of the country.This paper analyzes the concept of key core technology and its breakthrough and analyzes its characteristics.Based on the perspective of participants,this paper summarizes the influencing factors of key core technology breakthroughs in enterprises:internal and external enterprises,universities and scientific research institutions,and government.This paper expands the relevant research on key core technology breakthroughs and provides inspiration for enterprises to carry out key core technology research and breakthrough practices.
基金Special Fund for Academy of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Sciences of Research Base for Drug Regulatory Science of National Medical Products Administration-Shenyang Pharmaceutical University(2021jgkx004).
文摘Objective To analyze the characteristics of breakthrough therapy designation(BTD)and its implementation in China,and to provide reference for the optimization of BTD system.Methods A comparative research method was used to study the content and implementation effect of BTD system in China and the relevant policies and implementation of the same procedures of drug regulatory authorities in the United States,Japan and the European Union.Then,the differences in policies and implementation results among these countries were analyzed to provide suggestions for the implementation and optimization of this system in China.Results and Conclusion China’s BTD system is implemented late and a small number of drugs has been approved.At the same time,there are problems such as insufficient guidance and communication from the agency to applicants,a broad application condition,single review mode,and lack of full-time personnel.Both the agencies and the applicants have limited experience due to the short implementation time of BTD system in China.There are still some problems despite we have learned a lot from the experience of other drug regulatory agencies.Therefore,based on our national conditions,we should strengthen the guidance of evaluation agency to applicants,optimize the eligibility criteria of BTD system,introduce the rolling review,and increase the number of professional liaisons,which can accelerate the development and marketing process of drugs with obvious clinical value,and finally to address unmet medical need.
基金supported by the National Major Science and Technology Project“Technologies for maintain stable production of unconsolidated gas reservoir”(No.:2016ZX05015-004)PetroChina Major Science and Technology Project“Technologies for water control&gas stabilization in mature blocks and efficient development of new gas bocks in the Qaidam Basin”(No.:2016E-0106GE).
文摘Water breakthrough in horizontal wells is now the main factor restricting the stable production of the Tainan Gas Field in the Qaidam Basin.In view of this problem,the distribution characteristics of irreducible water saturation were investigated by using the nuclear magnetic resonance logging interpretation technology.And combined with the production situations of the horizontal wells in Tainan Gas Field in the initial stage of their production,the characteristic parameters of the reservoir which produced the intrastratal water as soon as it was put into production were determined.Then,the factors influencing the production of irreducible water were studied by means of gas drive water core experiments,and the factors influencing the sealing ability of the interbeds were researched by conducting mudstone breakdown tests.What's more,the effects on the bottomhole pressure by the length of horizontal section at different daily gas productions were investigated through numerical simulation.Finally,the prevention&control countermeasures for water breakthrough in horizontal wells were proposed.And the following research results were obtained.First,the horizontal well which drills into the reservoir with mobile water saturation higher than 7.2%and gas saturation lower than 63.5%produces formation water in its initial stage of production.Second,the lower the shale content is and the greater the production pressure difference is,the more favorable it is for the production of irreducible water.The production of irreducible water in the reservoirs with stronger areal heterogeneity is a continuous process.Third,the sealing capacity of the interbed increases with the decrease of its vertical permeability and water saturation and with the increase of its shale content and thickness.Fourth,the breakthrough pressure of type I mudstone(shale content>90%)is about 4 MPa,that of type II mudstone(80%<shale content<90%)is about 2 MPa,and that of type III mudstone(60%<shale content<80%)is about 1.5 MPa.In conclusion,the edge water encroachment can be delayed and the water-free gas production period of gas well can be extended by increasing the length of horizontal section and controlling the production pressure difference.It is recommended to carry out balanced gas production in horizontal wells in the initial stage of production,enhance dynamic monitoring in the process of production,and drain the water in time in the case of water breakthrough so as to increase its cumulative gas production.
基金Supported by the research grant of the Chungbuk National University in 2004
文摘AIM: To identify the factors associated with virologic breakthrough and to select a subgroup of patients who respond well to lamivudine without developing virologic breakthrough (VBT). METHODS: Of 79 patients who had received lamivudine therapy for 9-57 mo, 34 were HBeAg-positive and 45 were HBeAg-negative, 24 developed virologic breakthrough and 55 did not. Clinical and virologic factors were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The median duration of therapy was 25 (9-57) mo. Virologic breakthrough was defined as a > 1 log HBV DNA increase following initial suppression. When several factors, including gender, duration of infection, baseline HBV DNA, and baseline ALT in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis patients were analyzed by logistic regression, the most important predictor of virologic breakthrough was the baseline HBV DNA (r2 = 0.12, P < 0.05). When HBeAg-postitive chronic hepatitis patients were divided into two groups by a point of 6.6 log HBV DNA, the incidence of virologic breakthough between two groups was significantly different. CONCLUSION: Lamivudine may remain an effective first line therapy for those HBeAg-positive patients with a baseline HBV DNA < 6.6 log10 copies/mL.
文摘Scaled physical model tests for steam breakthrough were conducted based on the analysis of mechanisms and influence factors of steam breakthrough. Physical simulation results showed that at the initial steam breakthrough, preferential flow channels were formed in narrow sand packs and most residual oil left in these channels was immobile. This shortened the steam breakthrough time of follow-up steam flooding and decreased the increment of oil recovery efficiency. Steam breakthrough occurred easily for a smaller producer-injector spacing, and a bigger difference in physical properties between fluids and rock. Steam breakthrough is more likely to occur at a larger formation permeability （k）, greater steam displacement velocity （u） and smaller producer-injector spacing （L）. Steam breakthrough time is a function of the parameter group （uk/L）, i.e. tb=3.2151 （uk/L）^-0.5142. A non piston-like displacement model was built based on steam breakthrough observation for a steam stimulated well in the Jinglou Oilfield, Henan Oilfield Company. The steam volume swept in different directions could be obtained from inter-well permeability capacity and breakthrough angle, and the steam swept pore volume （SSPV） was also determined. Numerical simulation showed that steam sweep efficiency reached its peak value when a slug of profile control agent （slug size 10%-15% SSPV） was set at one half of the inter-well spacing. Field test with 12.5% SSPV of profile control agents in the Jinglou Oilfield achieved success in sealing breakthrough channels and good production performance of adjacent producers.
文摘Cerebral arteriovenous malformations(AVMs) have abnormally enlarged arteries and veins prone to spontaneous hemorrhage.Immediately following surgical excision of a cerebral AVM,even normal brain tissue surrounding the lesion is subject to hemorrhage,a phenomenon termed normal perfusion pressure breakthrough(NPPB) syndrome.According to this theory,arteries supplying cerebral AVMs become dilated and lose their capacity to dilate or constrict to autoregulate pressure.Acutely after removal of a cerebral AVM,excessive blood pressure in these arterial feeders can cause normal brain tissue to bleed.However,this theory remains controversial.We present a patient with a cerebral AVM that demonstrated cerebrovascular reactivity and argues against an assumption underlying the theory of NPPB syndrome.
