Entanglement asymmetry(EA) has emerged as a powerful tool for characterizing symmetry breaking in quantum many-body systems. In this Letter, we explore how symmetry is dynamically broken through the lens of EA in two ...Entanglement asymmetry(EA) has emerged as a powerful tool for characterizing symmetry breaking in quantum many-body systems. In this Letter, we explore how symmetry is dynamically broken through the lens of EA in two distinct scenarios: a non-symmetric Hamiltonian quench and a non-symmetric random quantum circuit, with a particular focus on U(1) symmetry. In the former case, symmetry remains broken in the subsystem at late times, whereas in the latter case, the symmetry is initially broken and subsequently restored, consistent with the principles of quantum thermalization. Notably, the growth of EA exhibits unexpected overshooting behavior at early times in both contexts, contrasting with the behavior of charge variance. We also consider dynamics of non-symmetric initial states under the symmetry-breaking evolution. Due to the competition of symmetry-breaking in both the initial state and Hamiltonian, the early-time EA can increase and decrease, while quantum Mpemba effects remain evident despite the weak symmetry-breaking in both settings.展开更多
Based on comprehensive analyses of seismic and tog data, this study indicates that mainty four widespread angutar to minor angutar unconformities （Tg8, Tg51, Tg5 and Tg3） were formed during the Pateozoic. Through th...Based on comprehensive analyses of seismic and tog data, this study indicates that mainty four widespread angutar to minor angutar unconformities （Tg8, Tg51, Tg5 and Tg3） were formed during the Pateozoic. Through the interpretation of structural unconformities, calcutation of eroded thickness, correction of pataeo-water depth and compaction and compiration of the Earty Paleozoic structural maps, the Earty Paleozoic stope break bert （geomorphologic unit） of the Tarim Basin is subdivided into uptift area, subaqueous uptift area, rift slope break belt, flexure stope break bert （stope bert）, depression area and deep basin area. Pataeogeomorphotogy of the Cambrian-Early Ordovician was approximately in EW trend within which three tectonic units inctuding the Tabei Pataeo-uptift, the northern Depressional Belt and the southern Pataeo-uptift developed respectivety and are grouped into two stope break systems namety as the Tabei Pataeo-uptift and the southern Pataeo-uptift. These tectonic units obviousty controt the deposition of isolated platform, open platform, restricted ptatform and deep basin. Influenced by extrusion in the Mid-Late Ordovician, the southern and northern subaqueous uptifts graduat[y etevated and then were eroded. Resuttant[y two slope break systems devetoped, namely as the northern and central Pataeo-uptifts which obviousty controtled the deposition of provenance area, isolated ptatform, mixed continental shelf, slope and basin facies. The intensive extrusion of the Mid-Late Ordovician reads to significant tectonic deformation of the Tarim Basin： large area of uplifting and erosion and development of EW trending anticline and syncline. Deposition of shore, tidal fiat, delta, shallow marine clastics and deep marine facies is obviously controlled by the Tabei, the southern and the Tadong Palaeo-uplifts. Slope break systems control development of stratigraphic unconformity and thus truncation and onlap unconformity zones become favorable areas in a palaeo-uplift and at a palaeo-slope belt for forming important unconformity traps; Whereas slope （slope break） belt along a palaeo-uplift margin is a geomorphologic unit where high-energy sedimentary facies widely develops, such as reef, oolitic sandy clastics or bioclastic limestone beach bar facies, thus litho-structural composite hydrocarbon accumulations usually develop when tectonic condition is suitable. In addition, large-scale palaeo-uplifts are the most favourable areas for hydrocarbon accumulation development.展开更多
By means of an improved mapping method and a variable separation method, a series of variable separation solutions including solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions and rational function solutions） to the （...By means of an improved mapping method and a variable separation method, a series of variable separation solutions including solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions and rational function solutions） to the （2＋1）-dimensional breaking soliton system is derived. Based on the derived solitary wave excitation, we obtain some special annihilation solitons and chaotic solitons in this short note.展开更多
Ferroelastic hybrid perovskite materials have been revealed the significance in the applications of switches,sensors,actuators,etc.However,it remains a challenge to design high-temperature ferroelastic to meet the req...Ferroelastic hybrid perovskite materials have been revealed the significance in the applications of switches,sensors,actuators,etc.However,it remains a challenge to design high-temperature ferroelastic to meet the requirements for the practical applications.Herein,we reported an one-dimensional organicinorganic hybrid perovskites(OIHP)(3-methylpyrazolium)CdCl_(3)(3-MBCC),which possesses a mmmF2/m ferroelastic phase transition at 263 K.Moreover,utilizing crystal engineering,we replace-CH_(3) with-NH_(2) and-H,which increases the intermolecular force between organic cations and inorganic frameworks.The phase transition temperature of(3-aminopyrazolium)CdCl_(3)(3-ABCC),and(pyrazolium)CdCl_(3)(BCC)increased by 73 K and 10 K,respectively.Particularly,BCC undergoes an unconventional inverse temperature symmetry breaking(ISTB)ferroelastic phase transition around 273 K.Differently,it transforms from a high symmetry low-temperature paraelastic phase(point group 2/m)to a low symmetry high-temperature ferroelastic phase(point group ī)originating from the rare mechanism of displacement of organic cations phase transition.It means that crystal BCC retains in ferroelastic phase above 273 K until melting point(446 K).Furthermore,characteristic ferroelastic domain patterns on crystal BCC are confirmed with polarized optical microscopy.Our study enriches the molecular mechanism of ferroelastics in the family of organic-inorganic hybrids and opens up a new avenue for exploring high-temperature ferroic materials.展开更多
This paper investigates the breaking point between fast- and slow-light in a degenerate two-level atomic system, where fast-light can be converted to slow-light arbitrarily on a single transition line by adjusting the...This paper investigates the breaking point between fast- and slow-light in a degenerate two-level atomic system, where fast-light can be converted to slow-light arbitrarily on a single transition line by adjusting the strength of the pumping field. An equivalent incoherent pumping rate is introduced in this simplified theoretical model which exploits the dependence of this feature. The experimental observation is presented as evidence of the breaking point where the injected power is about 0.08 mW.展开更多
This paper studies the effects of break through state and system rigidity on vibration and noise in blanking, suggests the describtion of the generation state of breakthrough by the unloading gradient obtained from t...This paper studies the effects of break through state and system rigidity on vibration and noise in blanking, suggests the describtion of the generation state of breakthrough by the unloading gradient obtained from the force stroke curve, discusses the effect of the relation between the unloading gradient and the vibration system rigidity on vibration, and gives the optimal relationship between these two factors to efficiently reduce the vibration, and this conclusion is verified by noise experiments done by using two presses of unequal rigidity to carry out the same blanking.展开更多
Spontaneous symmetry breaking is related to the appearance of emergent phenomena, while a non-vanishing order parameter has been viewed as the sign of turning into such symmetry-breaking phase. We study the spontaneou...Spontaneous symmetry breaking is related to the appearance of emergent phenomena, while a non-vanishing order parameter has been viewed as the sign of turning into such symmetry-breaking phase. We study the spontaneous symmetry breaking in the conventional superconductor and Bose–Einstein condensation with a continuous measure of symmetry by showing that both the many-body systems can be mapped into the many spin model. We also formulate the underlying relation between the spontaneous symmetry breaking and the order parameter quantitatively. The degree of symmetry stays unity in the absence of the two emergent phenomena, while decreases exponentially at the appearance of the order parameter which indicates the inextricable relation between the spontaneous symmetry and the order parameter.展开更多
In the field of automobile manufacture, during the aluminum alloy cutting, chip forming and breaking process are very complicated. It is affected by many facto rs. Automatic machining process can not be carried throug...In the field of automobile manufacture, during the aluminum alloy cutting, chip forming and breaking process are very complicated. It is affected by many facto rs. Automatic machining process can not be carried through if the chip enlaces t he workpiece or the tool. So the chip control and breaking are key technology. P CD tool has many traits, such as high cutting efficiency, machining precision an d wearability. It is desired that it be used for machining coloured metals.The p aper present the study of prediction of chip breaking when PCD Tool cutting alum inum alloy with chip breaker. In the process of cutting, the method of chip brea king is up-curl-dominant chip. Therefore, based on the theory of chip breaking with chip breaker, used the cutting condition of chip breaking, this paper dedu ce the chip breaking mathematical model when cutting aluminum alloy, that is to say, the chip breaker parameters(Angle of chip break,chip groove width, bevel a ngle, the normal rake angle of chip groove, tool cutting edge angle)influence th e critical feed rate. The following conclusion can be made from theoretic analys is. The critical feed rate will decrease when the Angle of chip break and bevel angle and the normal rake angle of chip groove and tool cutting edge angle incre ase. The critical feed rate will increase when chip groove width increase. The e xperimental results are well coincided with the theoretic ones, it is proved tha t the predicting system is correct.展开更多
In this work, starting from the (G'/G)-expansion method and a variable separation method, a new non-traveling wave general solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton system are derived. By selecting appro...In this work, starting from the (G'/G)-expansion method and a variable separation method, a new non-traveling wave general solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton system are derived. By selecting appropriately the arbitrary functions in the solutions, special soliton-structure excitations and evolutions are studied.展开更多
To restore the distribution systems in emergency states with the minimum load shedding, a novel Tabu search approach is put forward. The set of tripped switches is used as candidate solution. Some virtual tripped node...To restore the distribution systems in emergency states with the minimum load shedding, a novel Tabu search approach is put forward. The set of tripped switches is used as candidate solution. Some virtual tripped nodes are defined at the ends of the terminal nodes and by the source nodes. The neighborhood searching is committed by moving a tripped switch to the adjacent node of its upper stream and down stream, respectively. A Tabu list is formed for the tripped switches. The index is to energize as much as possible loads with as less as possible operated times. The electrical limitations and the voltage criterions are used as constrictions. The global aspiration criterion is adopted. An example is given, which shows that the proposed approach is feasible and can deal with complicated indexes.展开更多
Adding a U（1） symmetry breaking term √V（λ1a0 ＋ λ1＊a0） ＋ √V（λ2b0 ＋ λ2＊b0） to Bogoliubov＇s truncated Hamiltonian HB for a weakly interacting coupled Bose system, by using the mean-field approximation r...Adding a U（1） symmetry breaking term √V（λ1a0 ＋ λ1＊a0） ＋ √V（λ2b0 ＋ λ2＊b0） to Bogoliubov＇s truncated Hamiltonian HB for a weakly interacting coupled Bose system, by using the mean-field approximation rather than the c-number approximation, we And that, via a Feshbach resonance at zero temperature, the states of the coupled Bose system are generalized SU（1,1） SU（1,1） coherent states. The Bose-Einstein condensation occurs in response to the spontaneous U（1） symmetry breaking.展开更多
In integrated circuit(IC)manufacturing,fast,nondestructive,and precise detection of defects in patterned wafers,realized by bright-field microscopy,is one of the critical factors for ensuring the final performance and...In integrated circuit(IC)manufacturing,fast,nondestructive,and precise detection of defects in patterned wafers,realized by bright-field microscopy,is one of the critical factors for ensuring the final performance and yields of chips.With the critical dimensions of IC nanostructures continuing to shrink,directly imaging or classifying deep-subwavelength defects by bright-field microscopy is challenging due to the well-known diffraction barrier,the weak scattering effect,and the faint correlation between the scattering cross-section and the defect morphology.Herein,we propose an optical far-field inspection method based on the form-birefringence scattering imaging of the defective nanostructure,which can identify and classify various defects without requiring optical super-resolution.The technique is built upon the principle of breaking the optical form birefringence of the original periodic nanostructures by the defect perturbation under the anisotropic illumination modes,such as the orthogonally polarized plane waves,then combined with the high-order difference of far-field images.We validated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method in detecting deep subwavelength defects through rigid vector imaging modeling and optical detection experiments of various defective nanostructures based on polarization microscopy.On this basis,an intelligent classification algorithm for typical patterned defects based on a dual-channel AlexNet neural network has been proposed,stabilizing the classification accuracy ofλ/16-sized defects with highly similar features at more than 90%.The strong classification capability of the two-channel network on typical patterned defects can be attributed to the high-order difference image and its transverse gradient being used as the network’s input,which highlights the polarization modulation difference between different patterned defects more significantly than conventional bright-field microscopy results.This work will provide a new but easy-to-operate method for detecting and classifying deep-subwavelength defects in patterned wafers or photomasks,which thus endows current online inspection equipment with more missions in advanced IC manufacturing.展开更多
In the present work,we utilize the approach of the ab initio valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group(VS-IMSRG)to investigate isospin-symmetry breaking in medium mass nuclei.The adopted nuclear force i...In the present work,we utilize the approach of the ab initio valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group(VS-IMSRG)to investigate isospin-symmetry breaking in medium mass nuclei.The adopted nuclear force incorporates charge-symmetry and charge-independence breakings.We focus on computing mirror energies of sd-and pf-shell nuclei and discuss the inuence of single-particle states,particularly those with s-wave character,on weakly bound and unbound nuclear states of sd-shell nuclei.展开更多
Insect-derived traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutes an essential component of TCM,with the earliest records found in“52 Bingfang”(Prescriptions of fifty-two diseases,which is one of the earliest Chinese medi...Insect-derived traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutes an essential component of TCM,with the earliest records found in“52 Bingfang”(Prescriptions of fifty-two diseases,which is one of the earliest Chinese medical prescriptions).展开更多
Making use of the Z2×Z2 symmetry,we could study the structure near multiple S-treaking turning points.In particular,we show that there exist two kinds of singular point path through double S breaking turning poin...Making use of the Z2×Z2 symmetry,we could study the structure near multiple S-treaking turning points.In particular,we show that there exist two kinds of singular point path through double S breaking turning points and triple S bieaking turning points,one ts quadratic turning pornt path and one is quadratic pitch fork bifurcation point path.Some simple regular extended systems to corn pute double and triple S-breaking turning points are proposed.Numerical examples are also展开更多
The integration of machine learning and electrocatalysis presents nota ble advancements in designing and predicting the performance of chiral materials for hydrogen evolution reactions(HER).This study utilizes theoret...The integration of machine learning and electrocatalysis presents nota ble advancements in designing and predicting the performance of chiral materials for hydrogen evolution reactions(HER).This study utilizes theoretical calculations and machine learning techniques to assess the HER performance of both chiral and achiral M-N-SWCNTs(M=In,Bi,and Sb)single-atom catalysts(SACs).The stability preferences of metal atoms are dependent on chirality when interacting with chiral SWCNTs.The HER activity of the right-handed In-N-SWCNT is 5.71 times greater than its achiral counterpart,whereas the left-handed In-N-SWCNT exhibits a 5.12-fold enhancement.The calculated hydrogen adsorption free energy for the right-handed In-N-SWCNT reaches as low as-0.02 eV.This enhancement is attributed to the symmetry breaking in spin density distribution,transitioning from C_(2V)in achiral SACs to C_(2)in chiral SACs,which facilitates active site transfer and enhances local spin density.Right-handed M-N-SWCNTs exhibit superiorα-electron separation and transport efficiency relative to left-handed variants,owing to the chiral induced spin selectivity(CISS)effect,with spin-upα-electron density reaching 3.43×10^(-3)e/Bohr^(3)at active sites.Machine learning provides deeper insights,revealing that the interplay of weak spatial electronic effects and appropriate curvature-chirality effects significantly enhances HER performance.A weaker spatial electronic effect correlates with higher HER activity,larger exchange current density,and higher turnover frequency.The curvature-chirality effect undersco res the influence of intrinsic structures on HER performance.These findings offer critical insights into the role of chirality in electrocatalysis and propose innovative approaches for optimizing HER through chirality.展开更多
Starting from the perspective of formula and efficacy,orthogonal experiments were first performed to explore the optimal ratio of three raw materials that potentially affect breaking force of lipsticks,verification ex...Starting from the perspective of formula and efficacy,orthogonal experiments were first performed to explore the optimal ratio of three raw materials that potentially affect breaking force of lipsticks,verification experiment on humans was then conducted to test the efficacy of the lipstick formula.Results showed that when the ratio of carnauba wax,shea butter and myristyl isopropyl ester was 3∶7∶3,the breaking force was optimal.After the subjects used the lipstick formula for 14 days,the moisture content of the lip stratum corneum significantly increased by 23.51% (P﹤0.05),the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) rate significantly decreased by 20.61%,the skin glossiness increased significantly by 9.88%,and the skin scale index decreased significantly by 55.76%.展开更多
At its core,Urbanization and Production of Space provides a comprehensive analysis of the intricate relationship between urbanization and the production of space,particularly within the rapidly evolving context of Chi...At its core,Urbanization and Production of Space provides a comprehensive analysis of the intricate relationship between urbanization and the production of space,particularly within the rapidly evolving context of China's urban transformation.As one of the most populous and dynamically urbanizing nations,China serves as a compelling case for understanding the broader global implications of spatial restructuring.展开更多
Rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs) have recently drawn great attention in energy research due to their high theoretical capacity,low costs, and inherently safe nature [1–3]. However, the sluggish cathode reactions...Rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs) have recently drawn great attention in energy research due to their high theoretical capacity,low costs, and inherently safe nature [1–3]. However, the sluggish cathode reactions necessitate the development of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts with lower ΔE indicator values. The ΔE indicator is commonly employed to quantitatively evaluate the electrocatalytic activity of a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst,representing the overall overpotential from oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) to oxygen evolution reaction(OER).展开更多
Clustering is a pivotal data analysis method for deciphering the charge transport properties of single molecules in break junction experiments.However,given the high dimensionality and variability of the data,feature ...Clustering is a pivotal data analysis method for deciphering the charge transport properties of single molecules in break junction experiments.However,given the high dimensionality and variability of the data,feature extraction remains a bottleneck in the development of efficient clustering methods.In this regard,extensive research over the past two decades has focused on feature engineering and dimensionality reduction in break junction conductance.However,extracting highly relevant features without expert knowledge remains an unresolved challenge.To address this issue,we propose a deep clustering method driven by task-oriented representation learning(CTRL)in which the clustering module serves as a guide for the representation learning(RepL)module.First,we determine an optimal autoencoder(AE)structure through a neural architecture search(NAS)to ensure efficient RepL;second,the RepL process is guided by a joint training strategy that combines AE reconstruction loss with the clustering objective.The results demonstrate that CTRL achieves excellent performance on both the generated and experimental data.Further inspection of the RepL step reveals that joint training robustly learns more compact features than the unconstrained AE or traditional dimensionality reduction methods,significantly reducing misclustering possibilities.Our method provides a general end-to-end automatic clustering solution for analyzing single-molecule break junction data.展开更多
基金the support of the International Young Scientist Fellowship of the Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.202407)supported by the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No.2024ZD0301700)+1 种基金the start-up grant at IOP-CAS.ZXL is supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.JR25007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No.12347107and 12474146)。
文摘Entanglement asymmetry(EA) has emerged as a powerful tool for characterizing symmetry breaking in quantum many-body systems. In this Letter, we explore how symmetry is dynamically broken through the lens of EA in two distinct scenarios: a non-symmetric Hamiltonian quench and a non-symmetric random quantum circuit, with a particular focus on U(1) symmetry. In the former case, symmetry remains broken in the subsystem at late times, whereas in the latter case, the symmetry is initially broken and subsequently restored, consistent with the principles of quantum thermalization. Notably, the growth of EA exhibits unexpected overshooting behavior at early times in both contexts, contrasting with the behavior of charge variance. We also consider dynamics of non-symmetric initial states under the symmetry-breaking evolution. Due to the competition of symmetry-breaking in both the initial state and Hamiltonian, the early-time EA can increase and decrease, while quantum Mpemba effects remain evident despite the weak symmetry-breaking in both settings.
文摘Based on comprehensive analyses of seismic and tog data, this study indicates that mainty four widespread angutar to minor angutar unconformities （Tg8, Tg51, Tg5 and Tg3） were formed during the Pateozoic. Through the interpretation of structural unconformities, calcutation of eroded thickness, correction of pataeo-water depth and compaction and compiration of the Earty Paleozoic structural maps, the Earty Paleozoic stope break bert （geomorphologic unit） of the Tarim Basin is subdivided into uptift area, subaqueous uptift area, rift slope break belt, flexure stope break bert （stope bert）, depression area and deep basin area. Pataeogeomorphotogy of the Cambrian-Early Ordovician was approximately in EW trend within which three tectonic units inctuding the Tabei Pataeo-uptift, the northern Depressional Belt and the southern Pataeo-uptift developed respectivety and are grouped into two stope break systems namety as the Tabei Pataeo-uptift and the southern Pataeo-uptift. These tectonic units obviousty controt the deposition of isolated platform, open platform, restricted ptatform and deep basin. Influenced by extrusion in the Mid-Late Ordovician, the southern and northern subaqueous uptifts graduat[y etevated and then were eroded. Resuttant[y two slope break systems devetoped, namely as the northern and central Pataeo-uptifts which obviousty controtled the deposition of provenance area, isolated ptatform, mixed continental shelf, slope and basin facies. The intensive extrusion of the Mid-Late Ordovician reads to significant tectonic deformation of the Tarim Basin： large area of uplifting and erosion and development of EW trending anticline and syncline. Deposition of shore, tidal fiat, delta, shallow marine clastics and deep marine facies is obviously controlled by the Tabei, the southern and the Tadong Palaeo-uplifts. Slope break systems control development of stratigraphic unconformity and thus truncation and onlap unconformity zones become favorable areas in a palaeo-uplift and at a palaeo-slope belt for forming important unconformity traps; Whereas slope （slope break） belt along a palaeo-uplift margin is a geomorphologic unit where high-energy sedimentary facies widely develops, such as reef, oolitic sandy clastics or bioclastic limestone beach bar facies, thus litho-structural composite hydrocarbon accumulations usually develop when tectonic condition is suitable. In addition, large-scale palaeo-uplifts are the most favourable areas for hydrocarbon accumulation development.
基金The project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province under Grant No. Y604106, the Foundation of New Century 151 Talent Engineering of Zhejiang Province, and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Lishui University under Grant No. KZ05010 Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank professor Chun-Long Zheng for his fruitful and helpful suggestions.
文摘By means of an improved mapping method and a variable separation method, a series of variable separation solutions including solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions and rational function solutions） to the （2＋1）-dimensional breaking soliton system is derived. Based on the derived solitary wave excitation, we obtain some special annihilation solitons and chaotic solitons in this short note.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22175079)support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22205087)+2 种基金the Open Project Program of Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology(No.20212BCD42018)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22275075)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Nos.20204BCJ22015 and 20202ACBL203001).
文摘Ferroelastic hybrid perovskite materials have been revealed the significance in the applications of switches,sensors,actuators,etc.However,it remains a challenge to design high-temperature ferroelastic to meet the requirements for the practical applications.Herein,we reported an one-dimensional organicinorganic hybrid perovskites(OIHP)(3-methylpyrazolium)CdCl_(3)(3-MBCC),which possesses a mmmF2/m ferroelastic phase transition at 263 K.Moreover,utilizing crystal engineering,we replace-CH_(3) with-NH_(2) and-H,which increases the intermolecular force between organic cations and inorganic frameworks.The phase transition temperature of(3-aminopyrazolium)CdCl_(3)(3-ABCC),and(pyrazolium)CdCl_(3)(BCC)increased by 73 K and 10 K,respectively.Particularly,BCC undergoes an unconventional inverse temperature symmetry breaking(ISTB)ferroelastic phase transition around 273 K.Differently,it transforms from a high symmetry low-temperature paraelastic phase(point group 2/m)to a low symmetry high-temperature ferroelastic phase(point group ī)originating from the rare mechanism of displacement of organic cations phase transition.It means that crystal BCC retains in ferroelastic phase above 273 K until melting point(446 K).Furthermore,characteristic ferroelastic domain patterns on crystal BCC are confirmed with polarized optical microscopy.Our study enriches the molecular mechanism of ferroelastics in the family of organic-inorganic hybrids and opens up a new avenue for exploring high-temperature ferroic materials.
基金Project supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.60837004)the Key Project of Jiangxi Electric Power Company (Grant Nos.200950801 and 200950802)
文摘This paper investigates the breaking point between fast- and slow-light in a degenerate two-level atomic system, where fast-light can be converted to slow-light arbitrarily on a single transition line by adjusting the strength of the pumping field. An equivalent incoherent pumping rate is introduced in this simplified theoretical model which exploits the dependence of this feature. The experimental observation is presented as evidence of the breaking point where the injected power is about 0.08 mW.
文摘This paper studies the effects of break through state and system rigidity on vibration and noise in blanking, suggests the describtion of the generation state of breakthrough by the unloading gradient obtained from the force stroke curve, discusses the effect of the relation between the unloading gradient and the vibration system rigidity on vibration, and gives the optimal relationship between these two factors to efficiently reduce the vibration, and this conclusion is verified by noise experiments done by using two presses of unequal rigidity to carry out the same blanking.
基金Supported by the National 973 Program under Grant No.2014CB921403the National Key Research and Development Program under Grant No.2016YFA0301201the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11421063 and 11534002
文摘Spontaneous symmetry breaking is related to the appearance of emergent phenomena, while a non-vanishing order parameter has been viewed as the sign of turning into such symmetry-breaking phase. We study the spontaneous symmetry breaking in the conventional superconductor and Bose–Einstein condensation with a continuous measure of symmetry by showing that both the many-body systems can be mapped into the many spin model. We also formulate the underlying relation between the spontaneous symmetry breaking and the order parameter quantitatively. The degree of symmetry stays unity in the absence of the two emergent phenomena, while decreases exponentially at the appearance of the order parameter which indicates the inextricable relation between the spontaneous symmetry and the order parameter.
文摘In the field of automobile manufacture, during the aluminum alloy cutting, chip forming and breaking process are very complicated. It is affected by many facto rs. Automatic machining process can not be carried through if the chip enlaces t he workpiece or the tool. So the chip control and breaking are key technology. P CD tool has many traits, such as high cutting efficiency, machining precision an d wearability. It is desired that it be used for machining coloured metals.The p aper present the study of prediction of chip breaking when PCD Tool cutting alum inum alloy with chip breaker. In the process of cutting, the method of chip brea king is up-curl-dominant chip. Therefore, based on the theory of chip breaking with chip breaker, used the cutting condition of chip breaking, this paper dedu ce the chip breaking mathematical model when cutting aluminum alloy, that is to say, the chip breaker parameters(Angle of chip break,chip groove width, bevel a ngle, the normal rake angle of chip groove, tool cutting edge angle)influence th e critical feed rate. The following conclusion can be made from theoretic analys is. The critical feed rate will decrease when the Angle of chip break and bevel angle and the normal rake angle of chip groove and tool cutting edge angle incre ase. The critical feed rate will increase when chip groove width increase. The e xperimental results are well coincided with the theoretic ones, it is proved tha t the predicting system is correct.
文摘In this work, starting from the (G'/G)-expansion method and a variable separation method, a new non-traveling wave general solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton system are derived. By selecting appropriately the arbitrary functions in the solutions, special soliton-structure excitations and evolutions are studied.
文摘To restore the distribution systems in emergency states with the minimum load shedding, a novel Tabu search approach is put forward. The set of tripped switches is used as candidate solution. Some virtual tripped nodes are defined at the ends of the terminal nodes and by the source nodes. The neighborhood searching is committed by moving a tripped switch to the adjacent node of its upper stream and down stream, respectively. A Tabu list is formed for the tripped switches. The index is to energize as much as possible loads with as less as possible operated times. The electrical limitations and the voltage criterions are used as constrictions. The global aspiration criterion is adopted. An example is given, which shows that the proposed approach is feasible and can deal with complicated indexes.
文摘Adding a U（1） symmetry breaking term √V（λ1a0 ＋ λ1＊a0） ＋ √V（λ2b0 ＋ λ2＊b0） to Bogoliubov＇s truncated Hamiltonian HB for a weakly interacting coupled Bose system, by using the mean-field approximation rather than the c-number approximation, we And that, via a Feshbach resonance at zero temperature, the states of the coupled Bose system are generalized SU（1,1） SU（1,1） coherent states. The Bose-Einstein condensation occurs in response to the spontaneous U（1） symmetry breaking.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52130504,52305577,and 52175509)the Key Research and Development Plan of Hubei Province(Grant No.2022BAA013)+4 种基金the Major Program(JD)of Hubei Province(Grant No.2023BAA008-2)the Interdisciplinary Research Program of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(2023JCYJ047)the Innovation Project of Optics Valley Laboratory(Grant No.OVL2023PY003)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade B)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.GZB20230244)the fellowship from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M750995)。
文摘In integrated circuit(IC)manufacturing,fast,nondestructive,and precise detection of defects in patterned wafers,realized by bright-field microscopy,is one of the critical factors for ensuring the final performance and yields of chips.With the critical dimensions of IC nanostructures continuing to shrink,directly imaging or classifying deep-subwavelength defects by bright-field microscopy is challenging due to the well-known diffraction barrier,the weak scattering effect,and the faint correlation between the scattering cross-section and the defect morphology.Herein,we propose an optical far-field inspection method based on the form-birefringence scattering imaging of the defective nanostructure,which can identify and classify various defects without requiring optical super-resolution.The technique is built upon the principle of breaking the optical form birefringence of the original periodic nanostructures by the defect perturbation under the anisotropic illumination modes,such as the orthogonally polarized plane waves,then combined with the high-order difference of far-field images.We validated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method in detecting deep subwavelength defects through rigid vector imaging modeling and optical detection experiments of various defective nanostructures based on polarization microscopy.On this basis,an intelligent classification algorithm for typical patterned defects based on a dual-channel AlexNet neural network has been proposed,stabilizing the classification accuracy ofλ/16-sized defects with highly similar features at more than 90%.The strong classification capability of the two-channel network on typical patterned defects can be attributed to the high-order difference image and its transverse gradient being used as the network’s input,which highlights the polarization modulation difference between different patterned defects more significantly than conventional bright-field microscopy results.This work will provide a new but easy-to-operate method for detecting and classifying deep-subwavelength defects in patterned wafers or photomasks,which thus endows current online inspection equipment with more missions in advanced IC manufacturing.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12205340,12175281,11975282,11921006,11835001,12035001)Gansu Natural Science Foundation(22JR5RA123)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB34000000)。
文摘In the present work,we utilize the approach of the ab initio valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group(VS-IMSRG)to investigate isospin-symmetry breaking in medium mass nuclei.The adopted nuclear force incorporates charge-symmetry and charge-independence breakings.We focus on computing mirror energies of sd-and pf-shell nuclei and discuss the inuence of single-particle states,particularly those with s-wave character,on weakly bound and unbound nuclear states of sd-shell nuclei.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82222068,82070423,82270348,and 82173779)the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Pro-gram of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,China(Grant No:ZYYCXTD-D-202206)+1 种基金Fujian Province Science and Technology Project,China(Grant Nos.:2021J01420479,2021J02058,2022J011374,and 2022J02057)Fundamental Research Funds for the Chinese Central Universities,China(Grant No.:20720230070).
文摘Insect-derived traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutes an essential component of TCM,with the earliest records found in“52 Bingfang”(Prescriptions of fifty-two diseases,which is one of the earliest Chinese medical prescriptions).
基金This work is supported by NSFC amd Slate Major Key Project for Baslc Research
文摘Making use of the Z2×Z2 symmetry,we could study the structure near multiple S-treaking turning points.In particular,we show that there exist two kinds of singular point path through double S breaking turning points and triple S bieaking turning points,one ts quadratic turning pornt path and one is quadratic pitch fork bifurcation point path.Some simple regular extended systems to corn pute double and triple S-breaking turning points are proposed.Numerical examples are also
基金the full support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62071154,51272052 and50902040)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(LH2020B011 and LH2019B006)the Scientific Research Projects of Basic Scientific Research Operational Expenses of Heilongjiang Provincial Colleges and Universities(2021-KYYWF-0171)。
文摘The integration of machine learning and electrocatalysis presents nota ble advancements in designing and predicting the performance of chiral materials for hydrogen evolution reactions(HER).This study utilizes theoretical calculations and machine learning techniques to assess the HER performance of both chiral and achiral M-N-SWCNTs(M=In,Bi,and Sb)single-atom catalysts(SACs).The stability preferences of metal atoms are dependent on chirality when interacting with chiral SWCNTs.The HER activity of the right-handed In-N-SWCNT is 5.71 times greater than its achiral counterpart,whereas the left-handed In-N-SWCNT exhibits a 5.12-fold enhancement.The calculated hydrogen adsorption free energy for the right-handed In-N-SWCNT reaches as low as-0.02 eV.This enhancement is attributed to the symmetry breaking in spin density distribution,transitioning from C_(2V)in achiral SACs to C_(2)in chiral SACs,which facilitates active site transfer and enhances local spin density.Right-handed M-N-SWCNTs exhibit superiorα-electron separation and transport efficiency relative to left-handed variants,owing to the chiral induced spin selectivity(CISS)effect,with spin-upα-electron density reaching 3.43×10^(-3)e/Bohr^(3)at active sites.Machine learning provides deeper insights,revealing that the interplay of weak spatial electronic effects and appropriate curvature-chirality effects significantly enhances HER performance.A weaker spatial electronic effect correlates with higher HER activity,larger exchange current density,and higher turnover frequency.The curvature-chirality effect undersco res the influence of intrinsic structures on HER performance.These findings offer critical insights into the role of chirality in electrocatalysis and propose innovative approaches for optimizing HER through chirality.
文摘Starting from the perspective of formula and efficacy,orthogonal experiments were first performed to explore the optimal ratio of three raw materials that potentially affect breaking force of lipsticks,verification experiment on humans was then conducted to test the efficacy of the lipstick formula.Results showed that when the ratio of carnauba wax,shea butter and myristyl isopropyl ester was 3∶7∶3,the breaking force was optimal.After the subjects used the lipstick formula for 14 days,the moisture content of the lip stratum corneum significantly increased by 23.51% (P﹤0.05),the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) rate significantly decreased by 20.61%,the skin glossiness increased significantly by 9.88%,and the skin scale index decreased significantly by 55.76%.
文摘At its core,Urbanization and Production of Space provides a comprehensive analysis of the intricate relationship between urbanization and the production of space,particularly within the rapidly evolving context of China's urban transformation.As one of the most populous and dynamically urbanizing nations,China serves as a compelling case for understanding the broader global implications of spatial restructuring.
基金National Research Foundation (NRF Investigatorship NRF-NRFI09-0002)Agency for Science,Technology and Research (MTC Programmatic Fund M23L9b0052)。
文摘Rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs) have recently drawn great attention in energy research due to their high theoretical capacity,low costs, and inherently safe nature [1–3]. However, the sluggish cathode reactions necessitate the development of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts with lower ΔE indicator values. The ΔE indicator is commonly employed to quantitatively evaluate the electrocatalytic activity of a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst,representing the overall overpotential from oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) to oxygen evolution reaction(OER).
基金supported by Guangxi Science and Technology Program(No.GuiKeAD23026291)Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project(No.AA22068057).
文摘Clustering is a pivotal data analysis method for deciphering the charge transport properties of single molecules in break junction experiments.However,given the high dimensionality and variability of the data,feature extraction remains a bottleneck in the development of efficient clustering methods.In this regard,extensive research over the past two decades has focused on feature engineering and dimensionality reduction in break junction conductance.However,extracting highly relevant features without expert knowledge remains an unresolved challenge.To address this issue,we propose a deep clustering method driven by task-oriented representation learning(CTRL)in which the clustering module serves as a guide for the representation learning(RepL)module.First,we determine an optimal autoencoder(AE)structure through a neural architecture search(NAS)to ensure efficient RepL;second,the RepL process is guided by a joint training strategy that combines AE reconstruction loss with the clustering objective.The results demonstrate that CTRL achieves excellent performance on both the generated and experimental data.Further inspection of the RepL step reveals that joint training robustly learns more compact features than the unconstrained AE or traditional dimensionality reduction methods,significantly reducing misclustering possibilities.Our method provides a general end-to-end automatic clustering solution for analyzing single-molecule break junction data.
