The growing demand for advanced neural interfaces that enable precise brain monitoring and modulation has catalyzed significant research into flexible,biocompatible,and highly conductive materials.PEDOT:PSS-based bioe...The growing demand for advanced neural interfaces that enable precise brain monitoring and modulation has catalyzed significant research into flexible,biocompatible,and highly conductive materials.PEDOT:PSS-based bioelectronic materials exhibit high conductivity,mechanical flexibility,and biocompatibility,making them particularly suitable for integration into neural devices for brain science research.These materials facilitate high-resolution neural activity monitoring and provide precise electrical stimulation across diverse modalities.This review comprehensively examines recent advances in the development of PEDOT:PSS-based bioelectrodes for brain monitoring and modulation,with a focus on strategies to enhance their conductivity,biocompatibility,and long-term stability.Furthermore,it highlights the integration of multifunctional neural interfaces that enable synchronous stimulation-recording architectures,hybrid electro-optical stimulation modalities,and multimodal brain activity monitoring.These integrations enable fundamentally advancing the precision and clinical translatability of brain–computer interfaces.By addressing critical challenges related to efficacy,integration,safety,and clinical translation,this review identifies key opportunities for advancing next-generation neural devices.The insights presented are vital for guiding future research directions in the field and fostering the development of cutting-edge bioelectronic technologies for neuroscience and clinical applications.展开更多
Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BC...Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BCIs,including their fundamental principles,technical advancements,and applications in specific domains.However,these reviews often focus on signal processing,hardware development,or limited applications such as motor rehabilitation or communication.This paper aims to offer a comprehensive review of recent electroencephalogram(EEG)-based BCI applications in the medical field across 8 critical areas,encompassing rehabilitation,daily communication,epilepsy,cerebral resuscitation,sleep,neurodegenerative diseases,anesthesiology,and emotion recognition.Moreover,the current challenges and future trends of BCIs were also discussed,including personal privacy and ethical concerns,network security vulnerabilities,safety issues,and biocompatibility.展开更多
The involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in many pathophysiological conditions and human diseases is well documented.In order to evaluate mitochondrial function in vitro,many experimental systems have been develop...The involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in many pathophysiological conditions and human diseases is well documented.In order to evaluate mitochondrial function in vitro,many experimental systems have been developed.Nevertheless the number of in vivo monitoring systems for the evaluation of mitochondrial activities in intact animals and patients is relatively limited.The pioneering development of the conceptual and technological aspects ofmitochondrial monitoring,in vitro and in vivo,was done by the late Prof.Britton Chance(July 24,1913November 16,2010)since the early 1950s.It was my privilege to join his laboratory in 1972 and collaborate with him for almost four decades.The main achievements of our collaboration are presented in this paper.Our activities included cycles of technology development,followed by its applications to study various pathophysiological conditions.In the initial stage,thefirstfiber-opticbased NADHfluorometer was developed.This device enabled us to monitor various organs in anesthetized animals aswell as the brain of nonanesthetized small animals.Later on,the addition of various physiological parameters to NADH monitoring enabled us to correlate mitochondrial function with other cellular functions.The application of the developed technology to clinical situations was a major interest of Prof.Chance and indeed this goal was achieved in the last decade.As of today,the basic tool forNADHmonitoring and the large database of results are available for large-scale experimental and clinical applications.展开更多
Precise and long-term electroanalysis at the single-cell level is crucial for the accurate diagnosis and monitoring of brain diseases.The reliable protection in areas outside the signal acquisition points at sharp ult...Precise and long-term electroanalysis at the single-cell level is crucial for the accurate diagnosis and monitoring of brain diseases.The reliable protection in areas outside the signal acquisition points at sharp ultramicroelectrode(UME)tips has a significant impact on the sensitivity,fidelity,and stability of intracellular neural signal recording.However,it is difficult for existing UMEs to achieve controllable exposure of the tip functional structure,which affects their ability to resist environmental interference and shield noise,resulting in unsatisfactory signal-to-noise ratio and signal fidelity of intracellular recordings.To address this issue,we chose a dense and electrochemically stable diamond-like carbon(DLC)film as the UME protection coating and developed a method to precisely control the exposed degree of the functional structure by directly fixed-point processing of the UME tip by the strong site-selectivity and good controllability of the atmospheric microplasma jet.By analyzing the interaction between the microplasma jet and the UME tip,as well as the changes in the removal length and microstructure of UME tips with processing time,the exposed tip length was precisely controlled down to the submicron scale.Biocompatibility experiments,electrochemical aging tests and real-time intracellular pH recording experiments have demonstrated that the DLC-UME with effective tip protection processed by microplasma jet has the potential to enable long-term detection of intracellular high-fidelity signals.展开更多
Bedside monitoring of brain function in severely brain-injured patients remains a critical clinical challenge.We demonstrate the translational potential of functional ultrasound(fUS)imaging for this purpose.In 6 comat...Bedside monitoring of brain function in severely brain-injured patients remains a critical clinical challenge.We demonstrate the translational potential of functional ultrasound(fUS)imaging for this purpose.In 6 comatose patients(Glasgow coma scale≤8)with cranial windows after decompressive craniectomy,we used a 7.8-MHz transducer optimized for cortical depths of 1.5 to 4 cm to perform real-time fUS during auditory stimulation.We observed task-related increases in regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF)in relevant brain regions(P<0.001,t test),which correlated with subsequent neurological recovery at 9-month follow-up.These findings establish fUS as a sensitive and portable tool for bedside brain function assessment,offering potential for improved prognostication,treatment guidance,and development of targeted rehabilitative strategies.展开更多
基金supported by the Hospital-level scientific research fund of Yunfu People’s Hospital(A20231006)the Start-Up Fund for Introduced Talents and Scientific Research at Beijing Normal University(28709-312200502501)+11 种基金Overseas Expert Project of Guangdong Province(30802-110690303)National major project of brain science and brain-like research(2021ZD0204300)National major scientific research instrument development project(61827811)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22407015)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515012271)Guangdong Provincial Pearl River Talents Program(2023QN10Y223)the start-up funding from Beijing Normal University(312200502504)Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(FDCT 0020/2019/AMJ and FDCT 0048/2021/AGJ)University of Macao(MYRGGRG2023-00038-FHS and MYRG2022-00054-FHS)Higher Education Fund of Macao SAR Government Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(EF017/FHS-YZ/2021/GDST)the Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(FDCT 0014/2024/RIB1)Science Foundation of High-Level Talents of Wuyi University(2021AL002).
文摘The growing demand for advanced neural interfaces that enable precise brain monitoring and modulation has catalyzed significant research into flexible,biocompatible,and highly conductive materials.PEDOT:PSS-based bioelectronic materials exhibit high conductivity,mechanical flexibility,and biocompatibility,making them particularly suitable for integration into neural devices for brain science research.These materials facilitate high-resolution neural activity monitoring and provide precise electrical stimulation across diverse modalities.This review comprehensively examines recent advances in the development of PEDOT:PSS-based bioelectrodes for brain monitoring and modulation,with a focus on strategies to enhance their conductivity,biocompatibility,and long-term stability.Furthermore,it highlights the integration of multifunctional neural interfaces that enable synchronous stimulation-recording architectures,hybrid electro-optical stimulation modalities,and multimodal brain activity monitoring.These integrations enable fundamentally advancing the precision and clinical translatability of brain–computer interfaces.By addressing critical challenges related to efficacy,integration,safety,and clinical translation,this review identifies key opportunities for advancing next-generation neural devices.The insights presented are vital for guiding future research directions in the field and fostering the development of cutting-edge bioelectronic technologies for neuroscience and clinical applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFF1200602)the National Science Fund for Excellent Overseas Scholars(0401260011)+3 种基金the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Chinese Academy of Sciences(c02022088)the Tianjin Science and Technology Program(20JCZDJC00810)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82202798)the Shanghai Sailing Program(22YF1404200).
文摘Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BCIs,including their fundamental principles,technical advancements,and applications in specific domains.However,these reviews often focus on signal processing,hardware development,or limited applications such as motor rehabilitation or communication.This paper aims to offer a comprehensive review of recent electroencephalogram(EEG)-based BCI applications in the medical field across 8 critical areas,encompassing rehabilitation,daily communication,epilepsy,cerebral resuscitation,sleep,neurodegenerative diseases,anesthesiology,and emotion recognition.Moreover,the current challenges and future trends of BCIs were also discussed,including personal privacy and ethical concerns,network security vulnerabilities,safety issues,and biocompatibility.
文摘The involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in many pathophysiological conditions and human diseases is well documented.In order to evaluate mitochondrial function in vitro,many experimental systems have been developed.Nevertheless the number of in vivo monitoring systems for the evaluation of mitochondrial activities in intact animals and patients is relatively limited.The pioneering development of the conceptual and technological aspects ofmitochondrial monitoring,in vitro and in vivo,was done by the late Prof.Britton Chance(July 24,1913November 16,2010)since the early 1950s.It was my privilege to join his laboratory in 1972 and collaborate with him for almost four decades.The main achievements of our collaboration are presented in this paper.Our activities included cycles of technology development,followed by its applications to study various pathophysiological conditions.In the initial stage,thefirstfiber-opticbased NADHfluorometer was developed.This device enabled us to monitor various organs in anesthetized animals aswell as the brain of nonanesthetized small animals.Later on,the addition of various physiological parameters to NADH monitoring enabled us to correlate mitochondrial function with other cellular functions.The application of the developed technology to clinical situations was a major interest of Prof.Chance and indeed this goal was achieved in the last decade.As of today,the basic tool forNADHmonitoring and the large database of results are available for large-scale experimental and clinical applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under grant 2022YFF120301the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDA25040100,XDA25040200 and XDA25040300)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42127807-03)Project supported by Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2021SHZDZX)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University(No.21TQ1400203)the Oceanic Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(No.SL2023ZD205)SJTU Trans-med Award(No.21X010301627).
文摘Precise and long-term electroanalysis at the single-cell level is crucial for the accurate diagnosis and monitoring of brain diseases.The reliable protection in areas outside the signal acquisition points at sharp ultramicroelectrode(UME)tips has a significant impact on the sensitivity,fidelity,and stability of intracellular neural signal recording.However,it is difficult for existing UMEs to achieve controllable exposure of the tip functional structure,which affects their ability to resist environmental interference and shield noise,resulting in unsatisfactory signal-to-noise ratio and signal fidelity of intracellular recordings.To address this issue,we chose a dense and electrochemically stable diamond-like carbon(DLC)film as the UME protection coating and developed a method to precisely control the exposed degree of the functional structure by directly fixed-point processing of the UME tip by the strong site-selectivity and good controllability of the atmospheric microplasma jet.By analyzing the interaction between the microplasma jet and the UME tip,as well as the changes in the removal length and microstructure of UME tips with processing time,the exposed tip length was precisely controlled down to the submicron scale.Biocompatibility experiments,electrochemical aging tests and real-time intracellular pH recording experiments have demonstrated that the DLC-UME with effective tip protection processed by microplasma jet has the potential to enable long-term detection of intracellular high-fidelity signals.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2023YFC2410900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371151)+4 种基金Guangdong High Level Innovation Research Institute(2021B0909050004)the Hong Kong Research Grants Council Collaborative Research Fund(C5053-22GF)General Research Fund(15224323 and 15104520)Hong Kong Innovation Technology Fund(MHP/014/19)internal funding from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(G-SACD and 1-CDJM).
文摘Bedside monitoring of brain function in severely brain-injured patients remains a critical clinical challenge.We demonstrate the translational potential of functional ultrasound(fUS)imaging for this purpose.In 6 comatose patients(Glasgow coma scale≤8)with cranial windows after decompressive craniectomy,we used a 7.8-MHz transducer optimized for cortical depths of 1.5 to 4 cm to perform real-time fUS during auditory stimulation.We observed task-related increases in regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF)in relevant brain regions(P<0.001,t test),which correlated with subsequent neurological recovery at 9-month follow-up.These findings establish fUS as a sensitive and portable tool for bedside brain function assessment,offering potential for improved prognostication,treatment guidance,and development of targeted rehabilitative strategies.
