Brain connectivity is commonly studied in terms of causal interaction or statistical dependency between brain regions. In this analysis paper, we draw attention to the constraining effect the dynamics of fiber tract c...Brain connectivity is commonly studied in terms of causal interaction or statistical dependency between brain regions. In this analysis paper, we draw attention to the constraining effect the dynamics of fiber tract connections may impose on neuronal signal traffic. We propose a model developed by Copelli and Kinouchi (l.c.) for a different purpose to safeguard signal transmission for brain connectivity by ensuring dynamic adaptation of signal reception to a wide frequency range of traffic flow over connecting fiber tracts. Gap junction connectivity would confer to neuronal groups the capacity of acting as collectives for dynamical adaptability to impinging neural traffic thereby forestalling traffic congestion and overload. It is suggested that applying this model to signal reception in brain connectivity would deliver the required functionality as a collective achievement of the interrelations between neurons and gap junctions, the latter regulated by glia.展开更多
Uric acid(UA)is a naturally antioxidant that is strongly associated with the development and progression of Parkinson's disease(PD).The purine diet is an important exogenous pathway that modulates blood UA levels....Uric acid(UA)is a naturally antioxidant that is strongly associated with the development and progression of Parkinson's disease(PD).The purine diet is an important exogenous pathway that modulates blood UA levels.Deep brain stimulation(DBS)is an important tool for PD treatment.This study aimed to explore the effects of preoperative purine diet on the prognosis of patients with PD after DBS.Sixty-four patients with PD who underwent DBS were included in this study,and their clinical data,blood UA levels,and daily purine intake.Patients were followed up for improvement 1 year after surgery.We found that patient higher purine intake was strongly associated with the rate of improvement after DBS and was a protective factor for patient prognosis.Daily purine intake from meat and seafood was significantly higher in the responsive patients than in the lessresponsive patients.Mediation analysis showed that UA mediated 78%of the effect of purine intake on motor symptom improvement after DBS.In summary,we observed that purine intake is strongly associated with the rate of improvement in motor symptoms after subthalamic nucleus-DBS in patients with PD.This study provides a reference for preoperative diet planning in patients with PD undergoing DBS.展开更多
In the fatigue state,the neural response characteristics of the brain might be different from those in the normal state.Brain functional connectivity analysis is an effective tool for distinguishing between different ...In the fatigue state,the neural response characteristics of the brain might be different from those in the normal state.Brain functional connectivity analysis is an effective tool for distinguishing between different brain states.For example,comparative studies on the brain functional connectivity have the potential to reveal the functional differences in different mental states.The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between human mental states and brain control abilities by analyzing the effect of fatigue on the brain response connectivity.In particular,the phasescrambling method was used to generate images with two noise levels,while the N-back working memory task was used to induce the fatigue state in subjects.The paradigm of rapid serial visual presentation(RSVP)was used to present visual stimuli.The analysis of brain connections in the normal and fatigue states was conducted using the open-source e Connectome toolbox.The results demonstrated that the control areas of neural responses were mainly distributed in the parietal region in both the normal and fatigue states.Compared to the normal state,the brain connectivity power in the parietal region was significantly weakened under the fatigue state,which indicates that the control ability of the brain is reduced in the fatigue state.展开更多
Objective: in this paper, the functional connectivity of the resting state brain in first-episode schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations was studied. Methods: according to the DDSM -IV schizophrenia diagn...Objective: in this paper, the functional connectivity of the resting state brain in first-episode schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations was studied. Methods: according to the DDSM -IV schizophrenia diagnostic criteria, 94 patients with first schizophrenic auditory hallucinations and 94 healthy patients were selected as control. All subjects underwent clinical evaluation and resting-state functional magnetic resonance (FMRI) scans, and the differences between the two groups were analyzed and compared. Results: compared to control group, patients with first-episode schizophrenia auditory hallucination itself left superior temporal gyrus, the ipsilateral medial prefrontal function and connection of side guide vane fall further, at the same time, to the left side of the patients with first-episode schizophrenia hallucinations Heschl back with ipsilateral medial prefrontal function and connection of the contralateral temporal gyrus, showed a trend of decline, in addition, for the right of HG, it was also functionally connected to the left middle temporal gyrus and showed a declining trend. Conclusion: in the early stages of schizophrenia, there are serious abnormal connectivity between different brain regions, especially between the two sides of the brain, and there is also an abnormal pattern of "disconnection", which indicates that there are serious abnormalities in the integration function of the brain in the first episode of schizophrenia.展开更多
Traditional diagnostic tools for depression,such as the Patient Health Questionnaire-9,are susceptible to subjective bias,increasing the risk of misdiagnosis and emphasizing the critical need for objective biomarkers....Traditional diagnostic tools for depression,such as the Patient Health Questionnaire-9,are susceptible to subjective bias,increasing the risk of misdiagnosis and emphasizing the critical need for objective biomarkers.This minireview evaluates the emerging role of portable electroencephalography(EEG)as a cost-effective,accessible solution for early depression detection.By synthesizing findings from 45 studies(selected from 764 screened articles),we highlight EEG’s capacity to identify aberrant neural oscillations associated with core depressive symptoms,including anhedonia,excessive guilt,and persistent low mood.Advances in portable systems demonstrate promising classification accuracy when integrated with machine learning algorithms,with long short-term memory models achieving>90%accuracy in recent trials.However,persistent challenges,such as signal quality variability,motion artifacts,and limited clinical validation,hinder widespread adoption.Further innovation in sensor optimization,multimodal data integration,and real-world clinical trials is essential to translate portable EEG into a reliable diagnostic tool.This minireview underscores the transformative potential of neurotechnology in psychiatry while advocating for rigorous standard ization to bridge the gap between research and clinical practice.展开更多
Chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes)are one of humans'closest living relatives,making them the most directly relevant comparison point for understanding human brain evolution.Zeroing in on the differences in brain connect...Chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes)are one of humans'closest living relatives,making them the most directly relevant comparison point for understanding human brain evolution.Zeroing in on the differences in brain connectivity between humans and chimpanzees can provide key insights into the specific evolutionary changes that might have occurred along the human lineage.However,such comparisons are hindered by the absence of cross-species brain atlases established within the same framework.To address this gap,we developed the Chimpanzee Brainnetome Atlas(ChimpBNA)using a connectivity-based parcellation framework.Leveraging this new resource,we found substantial divergence in connectivity patterns between the two species across most association cortices,notably in the lateral temporal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.These differences deviate sharply from the pattern of cortical expansion observed when comparing humans to chimpanzees,highlighting more complex and nuanced connectivity changes in brain evolution than previously recognized.Additionally,we identified regions displaying connectional asymmetries that differed between species,likely resulting from evolutionary divergence.Genes highly expressed in regions of divergent connectivities were enriched in cell types crucial for cortical projection circuits and synapse formation,whose pronounced differences in expression patterns hint at genetic influences on neural circuit development,function,and evolution.Our study provides a fine-scale chimpanzee brain atlas and highlights the chimpanzee-human connectivity divergence in a rigorous and comparative manner.In addition,these results suggest potential gene expression correlates for species-specific differences by linking neuroimaging and genetic data,offering insights into the evolution of human-unique cognitive capabilities.展开更多
Lower extremity nerve transposition repair has become an important treatment strategy for peripheral nerve injury;however, brain changes caused by this surgical procedure remain unclear. In this study, the distal stum...Lower extremity nerve transposition repair has become an important treatment strategy for peripheral nerve injury;however, brain changes caused by this surgical procedure remain unclear. In this study, the distal stump of the right sciatic nerve in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury was connected to the proximal end of the left sciatic nerve using a chitin conduit. Neuroelectrophysiological test showed that the right lower limb displayed nerve conduction, and the structure of myelinated nerve fibers recovered greatly. Muscle wet weight of the anterior tibialis and gastrocnemius recovered as well. Multiple-model resting-state blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis revealed functional remodeling in multiple brain regions and the re-establishment of motor and sensory functions through a new reflex arc. These findings suggest that sciatic nerve transposition repair induces brain functional remodeling. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University People's Hospital on December 9, 2015(approval No. 2015-50).展开更多
Age-related changes in the brain connectivity of healthy older adults have been widely studied in recent years,with some differences in the obtained results.Most of these studies showed decreases in general functional...Age-related changes in the brain connectivity of healthy older adults have been widely studied in recent years,with some differences in the obtained results.Most of these studies showed decreases in general functional connectivity,but they also found increases in some particular regions and areas.Frequently,these studies compared young individuals with older subjects,but few studies compared different age groups only in older populations.The purpose of this study is to analyze whole-brain functional connectivity in healthy older adult groups and its network characteristics through functional segregation.A total of 114 individuals,48 to 89 years old,were scanned using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in a resting state paradigm and were divided into six different age groups(<60,60–64,65–69,70–74,75–79,≥80 years old).A partial correlation analysis,a pooled correlation analysis and a study of 3-cycle regions with prominent connectivity were conducted.Our results showed progressive diminution in the functional connectivity among different age groups and this was particularly pronounced between 75 and 79 years old.The oldest group(≥80 years old)showed a slight increase in functional connectivity compared to the other groups.This occurred possibly because of compensatory mechanism in brain functioning.This study provides information on the brain functional characteristics of every age group,with more specific information on the functional progressive decline,and supplies methodological tools to study functional connectivity characteristics.Approval for the study was obtained from the ethics committee of the Comision de Bioetica de la Universidad de Barcelona(approval No.PSI2012-38257)on June 5,2012,and from the ethics committee of the Barcelona’s Hospital Clinic(approval No.2009-5306 and 2011-6604)on October 22,2009 and April 7,2011 respectively.展开更多
The topological connectivity information derived from the brain functional network can bring new insights for diagnosing and analyzing dementia disorders.The brain functional network is suitable to bridge the correlat...The topological connectivity information derived from the brain functional network can bring new insights for diagnosing and analyzing dementia disorders.The brain functional network is suitable to bridge the correlation between abnormal connectivities and dementia disorders.However,it is challenging to access considerable amounts of brain functional network data,which hinders the widespread application of data-driven models in dementia diagnosis.In this study,a novel distribution-regularized adversarial graph auto-Encoder(DAGAE)with transformer is proposed to generate new fake brain functional networks to augment the brain functional network dataset,improving the dementia diagnosis accuracy of data-driven models.Specifically,the label distribution is estimated to regularize the latent space learned by the graph encoder,which canmake the learning process stable and the learned representation robust.Also,the transformer generator is devised to map the node representations into node-to-node connections by exploring the long-term dependence of highly-correlated distant brain regions.The typical topological properties and discriminative features can be preserved entirely.Furthermore,the generated brain functional networks improve the prediction performance using different classifiers,which can be applied to analyze other cognitive diseases.Attempts on the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative(ADNI)dataset demonstrate that the proposed model can generate good brain functional networks.The classification results show adding generated data can achieve the best accuracy value of 85.33%,sensitivity value of 84.00%,specificity value of 86.67%.The proposed model also achieves superior performance compared with other related augmentedmodels.Overall,the proposedmodel effectively improves cognitive disease diagnosis by generating diverse brain functional networks.展开更多
The complex relationship between structural connectivity(SC) and functional connectivity(FC) of human brain networks is still a critical problem in neuroscience. In order to investigate the role of SC in shaping resti...The complex relationship between structural connectivity(SC) and functional connectivity(FC) of human brain networks is still a critical problem in neuroscience. In order to investigate the role of SC in shaping resting-state FC, numerous models have been proposed. Here, we use a simple dynamic model based on the susceptible-infected-susceptible(SIS) model along the shortest paths to predict FC from SC. Unlike the previous dynamic model based on SIS theory, we focus on the shortest paths as the principal routes to transmit signals rather than the empirical structural brain network. We first simplify the structurally connected network into an efficient propagation network according to the shortest paths and then combine SIS infection theory with the efficient network to simulate the dynamic process of human brain activity. Finally, we perform an extensive comparison study between the dynamic models embedded in the efficient network, the dynamic model embedded in the structurally connected network and dynamic mean field(DMF) model predicting FC from SC. Extensive experiments on two different resolution datasets indicate that i) the dynamic model simulated on the shortest paths can predict FC among both structurally connected and unconnected node pairs; ii) though there are fewer links in the efficient propagation network, the predictive power of FC derived from the efficient propagation network is better than the dynamic model simulated on a structural brain network; iii) in comparison with the DMF model,the dynamic model embedded in the shortest paths is found to perform better to predict FC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Currently,adolescent depression is one of the most significant public health concerns,markedly influencing emotional,cognitive,and social maturation.Despite advancements in distinguish the neurobiological s...BACKGROUND Currently,adolescent depression is one of the most significant public health concerns,markedly influencing emotional,cognitive,and social maturation.Despite advancements in distinguish the neurobiological substrates underlying depression,the intricate patterns of disrupted brain network connectivity in adolescents warrant further exploration.AIM To elucidate the neural correlates of adolescent depression by examining brain network connectivity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI).METHODS The study cohort comprised 74 depressed adolescents and 59 healthy controls aged 12 to 17 years.Participants underwent rs-fMRI to evaluate functional connectivity within and across critical brain networks,including the visual,default mode network(DMN),dorsal attention,salience,somatomotor,and frontoparietal control networks.RESULTS Analyses revealed pronounced functional disparities within key neural circuits among adolescents with depression.The results demonstrated existence of hemispheric asymmetries characterized by enhanced activity in the left visual network,which contrasted the diminished activity in the right hemisphere.The DMN facilitated increased activity within the left prefrontal cortex and reduced engagement in the right hemisphere,implicating disrupted self-referential and emotional processing mechanisms.Additionally,an overactive right dorsal attention network and a hypoactive salience network were identified,underscoring significant abnormalities in attentional and emotional regulation in adolescent depression.CONCLUSION The findings from this study underscore distinct neural connectivity disruptions in adolescent depression,underscoring the critical role of specific neurobiological markers for precise early diagnosis of adolescent depression.The observed functional asymmetries and network-specific deviations elucidate the complex neurobiological architecture of adolescent depression,supporting the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Objective Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI),we explored the changes in dynamic functional network connections (dFNC) in the brains of patients with first-episode schizophrenia (SZ)and...Objective Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI),we explored the changes in dynamic functional network connections (dFNC) in the brains of patients with first-episode schizophrenia (SZ)and evaluated the potential clinical value of dFNC changes in combination with a machine learning model.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve nerve stimulation(ta VNS)on disorders of consciousness(DOC)patients with Coma Recovery Scale-Revised(CRS-R)and cerebral cortex activity...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve nerve stimulation(ta VNS)on disorders of consciousness(DOC)patients with Coma Recovery Scale-Revised(CRS-R)and cerebral cortex activity by electroencephalogram(EEG)detection.METHODS:Randomized controlled methods were used to evaluate the clinical effect of ta VNS on patients with DOC.Twelve patients with initial CRS-R of 6-10 were randomly divided into the treatment group of ta VNS and control group of transcutaneous non-auricular vague nerve stimulation(tn VNS).According to clinical diagnosis,the treatment group was divided into vegetative state(VS)group and minimally conscious state(MCS)group.RESULTS:The energy of delta and beta bands is positively correlated with the brain activity of patients.ta VNS has different regulatory effects on patients with different conscious States.In ta VNS group,the energy of delta band in local brain regions changed significantly.Significant changes in brain connection activity were limited to local brain regions.While in patients with MCS in the ta VNS group,delta and beta band energy significantly changed in multiple brain regions and crossbrain connection activity also changed significantly.CONCLUSION:These findings suggest that ta VNS may be a related extra method for arousing patients’awakening by improving brain connection activity.And the effect is remarkable in MCS patients.展开更多
Epilepsy is a transient neurological disorder associated with changes in the functional connections of the brain. Abnormal electrical discharges can be observed during an epileptic seizure. However, in the absence of ...Epilepsy is a transient neurological disorder associated with changes in the functional connections of the brain. Abnormal electrical discharges can be observed during an epileptic seizure. However, in the absence of an epileptic seizure, the anatomical structure of the brain and the electrical waves of the brain are not observed, making it difficult to explain the cause. This paper deals with together weighted imaging (DWI) sequence data in functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) of epileptic patients before seizure, using Anatomical Automatic Labeling (AAL) template extracted 116 brain regions and the introduction of time series, a matrix of 116 × 116. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to investigate the pathological condition of brain function in epilepsy patients, using of neural network visualization system of innovative visual display and compared with the normal epileptic brain function to connect the image, with 38 cases of epilepsy by 187 cases of normal DWI experiment data, and can confirm the existence of brain function in patients with epilepsy connections. Cerebral neural network visualization system showed partial functional connection loss between frontal lobe and temporal lobe in epileptic group compared with normal control group.展开更多
Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder（ADHD） is a disorder characterized by behavioral symptoms including hyperactivity/impulsivity among children,adolescents,and adults.These ADHD related symptoms are influen...Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder（ADHD） is a disorder characterized by behavioral symptoms including hyperactivity/impulsivity among children,adolescents,and adults.These ADHD related symptoms are influenced by the complex interaction of brain networks which were under explored.We explored age-related brain network differences between ADHD patients and typically developing（TD） subjects using resting state f MRI（rs-f MRI） for three age groups of children,adolescents,and adults.We collected rs-f MRI data from 184 individuals（27 ADHD children and 31 TD children;32 ADHD adolescents and 32 TD adolescents;and 31 ADHD adults and 31 TD adults）.The Brainnetome Atlas was used to define nodes in the network analysis.We compared three age groups of ADHD and TD subjects to identify the distinct regions that could explain age-related brain network differences based on degree centrality,a well-known measure of nodal centrality.The left middle temporal gyrus showed significant interaction effects between disease status（i.e.,ADHD or TD） and age（i.e.,child,adolescent,or adult）（P 0.001）.Additional regions were identified at a relaxed threshold（P 0.05）.Many of the identified regions（the left inferior frontal gyrus,the left middle temporal gyrus,and the left insular gyrus） were related to cognitive function.The results of our study suggest that aberrant development in cognitive brain regions might be associated with age-related brain network changes in ADHD patients.These findings contribute to better understand how brain function influences the symptoms of ADHD.展开更多
Aphasia is an acquired language disorder that is a common consequence of stroke.The pathogenesis of the disease is not fully understood,and as a result,current treatment options are not satisfactory.Here,we used blood...Aphasia is an acquired language disorder that is a common consequence of stroke.The pathogenesis of the disease is not fully understood,and as a result,current treatment options are not satisfactory.Here,we used blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the activation of bilateral cortices in patients with Broca＇s aphasia 1 to 3 months after stroke.Our results showed that language expression was associated with multiple brain regions in which the right hemisphere participated in the generation of language.The activation areas in the left hemisphere of aphasia patients were significantly smaller compared with those in healthy adults.The activation frequency,volumes,and intensity in the regions related to language,such as the left inferior frontal gyrus（Broca＇s area）,the left superior temporal gyrus,and the right inferior frontal gyrus（the mirror region of Broca＇s area）,were lower in patients compared with healthy adults.In contrast,activation in the right superior temporal gyrus,the bilateral superior parietal lobule,and the left inferior temporal gyrus was stronger in patients compared with healthy controls.These results suggest that the right inferior frontal gyrus plays a role in the recovery of language function in the subacute stage of stroke-related aphasia by increasing the engagement of related brain areas.展开更多
Background:Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is associated with altered brain development,but it is unclear which specific structural changes may serve as potential diagnostic markers,particularly in young children at the ...Background:Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is associated with altered brain development,but it is unclear which specific structural changes may serve as potential diagnostic markers,particularly in young children at the age when symptoms become fully estab-lished.Furthermore,such brain markers need to meet the requirements of precision medicine and be accurate in aiding diagnosis at an individual rather than only a group level.Objective:This study aimed to identify and model brain-wide differences in structural connectivity using diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)in young ASD and typically developing(TD)children.Methods:A discovery cohort including 93 ASD and 26 TD children and two independent validation cohorts including 12 ASD and 9 TD children from three different cities in China were included.Brain-wide(294 regions)structural connectivity was measured using DTI(fractional anisotropy,FA)together with symptom severity and cognitive development.A connection matrix was constructed for each child for comparisons between ASD and TD groups.Pattern classification was performed on the discovery dataset and the resulting model was tested on the two independent validation datasets.Results:Thirty-three structural connections showed increased FA in ASD compared to TD children and associated with both autistic symptom severity and impaired general cognitive development.The majority(29/33)involved the frontal lobe and comprised five different networks with functional relevance to default mode,motor control,social recognition,language and reward.Overall,clas-sification achieved very high accuracy of 96.77%in the discovery dataset,and 91.67%and 88.89%in the two independent validation datasets.Conclusions:Identified structural connectivity differences primarily involving the frontal cortex can very accurately distinguish novel individual ASD from TD children and may therefore represent a robust early brain biomarker which can address the requirements of precision medicine.展开更多
Patients with disorders of consciousness suffer from severe impairments in arousal and awareness alongside anomalous brain connections and aberrant neuronal activities.The thalamus,a crucial hub in the brain connectom...Patients with disorders of consciousness suffer from severe impairments in arousal and awareness alongside anomalous brain connections and aberrant neuronal activities.The thalamus,a crucial hub in the brain connectome,has been empirically inferred to maintain consciousness and wakefulness.Here,we investigated thalamic spiking,brain connectivity,consciousness states,and recovery outcomes following deep brain stimulation in 29 patients.Our study reveals that thalamic neuronal activity serves as a marker of consciousness state.Patients diagnosed with vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome exhibited less-active neurons,with longer and more variable burst discharges,than those in a minimally conscious state.Furthermore,neuronal profiles in the intralaminar thalamus,the direct stimulation site,predicted whether electrostimulation here improved recovery.Stronger tonic firing was correlated with enhanced thalamocortical connectivity and better recovery outcomes in patients.These findings suggest that thalamic spiking signatures,including singleneuron burst discharge and tonic firing,selectively indicate the representation and alteration of consciousness.展开更多
Chinese calligraphy,as a well-known performing art form,occupies an important role in the intangible cultural heritage of China.Previous studies focused on the psychophysiological benefits of Chinese calligraphy.Littl...Chinese calligraphy,as a well-known performing art form,occupies an important role in the intangible cultural heritage of China.Previous studies focused on the psychophysiological benefits of Chinese calligraphy.Little attention has been paid to its aesthetic attributes and effectiveness on the cognitive process.To complement our understanding of Chinese calligraphy,this study investigated the aesthetic experience of Chinese cursive-style calligraphy using brain functional network analysis.Subjects stayed on the coach and rested for several minutes.Then,they were requested to appreciate artwork of cursive-style calligraphy.Results showed that(1)changes in functional connectivity between frontooccipital,fronto-parietal,bilateral parietal,and central–occipital areas are prominent for calligraphy condition,(2)brain functional network showed an increased normalized cluster coefficient for calligraphy condition in alpha2 and gamma bands.These results demonstrate that the brain functional network undergoes a dynamic reconfiguration during the aesthetic experience of Chinese calligraphy.Providing evidence that the aesthetic experience of Chinese calligraphy has several similarities with western art while retaining its unique characters as an eastern traditional art form.展开更多
The fetal neocortical transplant (E15-17 days gestation) of Wistar rat was grafted to the corresponding neocortical region (frontal-parietal lobe) of the same strain in young rats (4-5 weeks old). On the 7th, 15th, 30...The fetal neocortical transplant (E15-17 days gestation) of Wistar rat was grafted to the corresponding neocortical region (frontal-parietal lobe) of the same strain in young rats (4-5 weeks old). On the 7th, 15th, 30th, 60th, 150th day after transplantation, the sections cut through the middle area of graft-ost brain were examined by HE, Nissl, Glees stain, immunohistochemical technique for GFAP and NF, Nissl, Glees stain, immunohistochemical technique for GFAP and NF, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry as well as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing with light microscope. Some of the sections were also examined with TEM. The result showed that most immature neurons within the graft can survive, grow, differentiate and mature, and are similar to the structure of the neocortical neurons of host brain. This study also provides patterns of integration of the interface between graft-host brain varying with the proliferation of reactive astrocyte as well as graft-host reciprocal connection of fibers.展开更多
文摘Brain connectivity is commonly studied in terms of causal interaction or statistical dependency between brain regions. In this analysis paper, we draw attention to the constraining effect the dynamics of fiber tract connections may impose on neuronal signal traffic. We propose a model developed by Copelli and Kinouchi (l.c.) for a different purpose to safeguard signal transmission for brain connectivity by ensuring dynamic adaptation of signal reception to a wide frequency range of traffic flow over connecting fiber tracts. Gap junction connectivity would confer to neuronal groups the capacity of acting as collectives for dynamical adaptability to impinging neural traffic thereby forestalling traffic congestion and overload. It is suggested that applying this model to signal reception in brain connectivity would deliver the required functionality as a collective achievement of the interrelations between neurons and gap junctions, the latter regulated by glia.
文摘Uric acid(UA)is a naturally antioxidant that is strongly associated with the development and progression of Parkinson's disease(PD).The purine diet is an important exogenous pathway that modulates blood UA levels.Deep brain stimulation(DBS)is an important tool for PD treatment.This study aimed to explore the effects of preoperative purine diet on the prognosis of patients with PD after DBS.Sixty-four patients with PD who underwent DBS were included in this study,and their clinical data,blood UA levels,and daily purine intake.Patients were followed up for improvement 1 year after surgery.We found that patient higher purine intake was strongly associated with the rate of improvement after DBS and was a protective factor for patient prognosis.Daily purine intake from meat and seafood was significantly higher in the responsive patients than in the lessresponsive patients.Mediation analysis showed that UA mediated 78%of the effect of purine intake on motor symptom improvement after DBS.In summary,we observed that purine intake is strongly associated with the rate of improvement in motor symptoms after subthalamic nucleus-DBS in patients with PD.This study provides a reference for preoperative diet planning in patients with PD undergoing DBS.
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Guangdong Province,China(No.2018B030339001)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFB1002505)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61431007)
文摘In the fatigue state,the neural response characteristics of the brain might be different from those in the normal state.Brain functional connectivity analysis is an effective tool for distinguishing between different brain states.For example,comparative studies on the brain functional connectivity have the potential to reveal the functional differences in different mental states.The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between human mental states and brain control abilities by analyzing the effect of fatigue on the brain response connectivity.In particular,the phasescrambling method was used to generate images with two noise levels,while the N-back working memory task was used to induce the fatigue state in subjects.The paradigm of rapid serial visual presentation(RSVP)was used to present visual stimuli.The analysis of brain connections in the normal and fatigue states was conducted using the open-source e Connectome toolbox.The results demonstrated that the control areas of neural responses were mainly distributed in the parietal region in both the normal and fatigue states.Compared to the normal state,the brain connectivity power in the parietal region was significantly weakened under the fatigue state,which indicates that the control ability of the brain is reduced in the fatigue state.
文摘Objective: in this paper, the functional connectivity of the resting state brain in first-episode schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations was studied. Methods: according to the DDSM -IV schizophrenia diagnostic criteria, 94 patients with first schizophrenic auditory hallucinations and 94 healthy patients were selected as control. All subjects underwent clinical evaluation and resting-state functional magnetic resonance (FMRI) scans, and the differences between the two groups were analyzed and compared. Results: compared to control group, patients with first-episode schizophrenia auditory hallucination itself left superior temporal gyrus, the ipsilateral medial prefrontal function and connection of side guide vane fall further, at the same time, to the left side of the patients with first-episode schizophrenia hallucinations Heschl back with ipsilateral medial prefrontal function and connection of the contralateral temporal gyrus, showed a trend of decline, in addition, for the right of HG, it was also functionally connected to the left middle temporal gyrus and showed a declining trend. Conclusion: in the early stages of schizophrenia, there are serious abnormal connectivity between different brain regions, especially between the two sides of the brain, and there is also an abnormal pattern of "disconnection", which indicates that there are serious abnormalities in the integration function of the brain in the first episode of schizophrenia.
基金Supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China-Major Projects,No.2022ZD0212400National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371453.
文摘Traditional diagnostic tools for depression,such as the Patient Health Questionnaire-9,are susceptible to subjective bias,increasing the risk of misdiagnosis and emphasizing the critical need for objective biomarkers.This minireview evaluates the emerging role of portable electroencephalography(EEG)as a cost-effective,accessible solution for early depression detection.By synthesizing findings from 45 studies(selected from 764 screened articles),we highlight EEG’s capacity to identify aberrant neural oscillations associated with core depressive symptoms,including anhedonia,excessive guilt,and persistent low mood.Advances in portable systems demonstrate promising classification accuracy when integrated with machine learning algorithms,with long short-term memory models achieving>90%accuracy in recent trials.However,persistent challenges,such as signal quality variability,motion artifacts,and limited clinical validation,hinder widespread adoption.Further innovation in sensor optimization,multimodal data integration,and real-world clinical trials is essential to translate portable EEG into a reliable diagnostic tool.This minireview underscores the transformative potential of neurotechnology in psychiatry while advocating for rigorous standard ization to bridge the gap between research and clinical practice.
基金supported by ST12030-Major Projects(grant na 2021ZD0200203)the Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.82072099,82202253,and 62250058)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722915)+1 种基金the Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project(grant no AD22035125)Chongqing Science and Health Joint Medical Research Key Project(2025GGXM005).
文摘Chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes)are one of humans'closest living relatives,making them the most directly relevant comparison point for understanding human brain evolution.Zeroing in on the differences in brain connectivity between humans and chimpanzees can provide key insights into the specific evolutionary changes that might have occurred along the human lineage.However,such comparisons are hindered by the absence of cross-species brain atlases established within the same framework.To address this gap,we developed the Chimpanzee Brainnetome Atlas(ChimpBNA)using a connectivity-based parcellation framework.Leveraging this new resource,we found substantial divergence in connectivity patterns between the two species across most association cortices,notably in the lateral temporal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.These differences deviate sharply from the pattern of cortical expansion observed when comparing humans to chimpanzees,highlighting more complex and nuanced connectivity changes in brain evolution than previously recognized.Additionally,we identified regions displaying connectional asymmetries that differed between species,likely resulting from evolutionary divergence.Genes highly expressed in regions of divergent connectivities were enriched in cell types crucial for cortical projection circuits and synapse formation,whose pronounced differences in expression patterns hint at genetic influences on neural circuit development,function,and evolution.Our study provides a fine-scale chimpanzee brain atlas and highlights the chimpanzee-human connectivity divergence in a rigorous and comparative manner.In addition,these results suggest potential gene expression correlates for species-specific differences by linking neuroimaging and genetic data,offering insights into the evolution of human-unique cognitive capabilities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.31771322,81671215(to PXZ)the Beijing National Science Foundation,Nos.7212121(to PXZ)+6 种基金the National Key Research and Development Plan of China,No.2018YFB1105504(to PXZ)Shenzhen Science and Technology Plan Project,No.JCYJ20190806162205278(to PXZ)Sanming Project,No.SZSM202011001(to PXZ)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project of Peking University China,No.PKU2020LCXQ020(to YHK)the Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration(Peking University)the Ministry of Education China,No.BMU2019XY007-01the Ministry of Education Innovation Program of China,No.IRT_16R01。
文摘Lower extremity nerve transposition repair has become an important treatment strategy for peripheral nerve injury;however, brain changes caused by this surgical procedure remain unclear. In this study, the distal stump of the right sciatic nerve in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury was connected to the proximal end of the left sciatic nerve using a chitin conduit. Neuroelectrophysiological test showed that the right lower limb displayed nerve conduction, and the structure of myelinated nerve fibers recovered greatly. Muscle wet weight of the anterior tibialis and gastrocnemius recovered as well. Multiple-model resting-state blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis revealed functional remodeling in multiple brain regions and the re-establishment of motor and sensory functions through a new reflex arc. These findings suggest that sciatic nerve transposition repair induces brain functional remodeling. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University People's Hospital on December 9, 2015(approval No. 2015-50).
基金the Grup de Recerca en Tecniques Estadistiques Avancades Aplicades a la Psicologia(GTEAAP)members of the Generalitat de Catalunya’s 2014 SGR 326 Consolidated Research Group(GRC)the PSI2013-41400-P project of Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of the Spanish Government
文摘Age-related changes in the brain connectivity of healthy older adults have been widely studied in recent years,with some differences in the obtained results.Most of these studies showed decreases in general functional connectivity,but they also found increases in some particular regions and areas.Frequently,these studies compared young individuals with older subjects,but few studies compared different age groups only in older populations.The purpose of this study is to analyze whole-brain functional connectivity in healthy older adult groups and its network characteristics through functional segregation.A total of 114 individuals,48 to 89 years old,were scanned using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in a resting state paradigm and were divided into six different age groups(<60,60–64,65–69,70–74,75–79,≥80 years old).A partial correlation analysis,a pooled correlation analysis and a study of 3-cycle regions with prominent connectivity were conducted.Our results showed progressive diminution in the functional connectivity among different age groups and this was particularly pronounced between 75 and 79 years old.The oldest group(≥80 years old)showed a slight increase in functional connectivity compared to the other groups.This occurred possibly because of compensatory mechanism in brain functioning.This study provides information on the brain functional characteristics of every age group,with more specific information on the functional progressive decline,and supplies methodological tools to study functional connectivity characteristics.Approval for the study was obtained from the ethics committee of the Comision de Bioetica de la Universidad de Barcelona(approval No.PSI2012-38257)on June 5,2012,and from the ethics committee of the Barcelona’s Hospital Clinic(approval No.2009-5306 and 2011-6604)on October 22,2009 and April 7,2011 respectively.
基金This paper is partially supported by the British Heart Foundation Accelerator Award,UK(AA\18\3\34220)Royal Society International Exchanges Cost Share Award,UK(RP202G0230)+9 种基金Hope Foundation for Cancer Research,UK(RM60G0680)Medical Research Council Confidence in Concept Award,UK(MC_PC_17171)Sino-UK Industrial Fund,UK(RP202G0289)Global Challenges Research Fund(GCRF),UK(P202PF11)LIAS Pioneering Partnerships Award,UK(P202ED10)Data Science Enhancement Fund,UK(P202RE237)Fight for Sight,UK(24NN201)Sino-UK Education Fund,UK(OP202006)Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council,UK(RM32G0178B8)LIAS Seed Corn,UK(P202RE969).
文摘The topological connectivity information derived from the brain functional network can bring new insights for diagnosing and analyzing dementia disorders.The brain functional network is suitable to bridge the correlation between abnormal connectivities and dementia disorders.However,it is challenging to access considerable amounts of brain functional network data,which hinders the widespread application of data-driven models in dementia diagnosis.In this study,a novel distribution-regularized adversarial graph auto-Encoder(DAGAE)with transformer is proposed to generate new fake brain functional networks to augment the brain functional network dataset,improving the dementia diagnosis accuracy of data-driven models.Specifically,the label distribution is estimated to regularize the latent space learned by the graph encoder,which canmake the learning process stable and the learned representation robust.Also,the transformer generator is devised to map the node representations into node-to-node connections by exploring the long-term dependence of highly-correlated distant brain regions.The typical topological properties and discriminative features can be preserved entirely.Furthermore,the generated brain functional networks improve the prediction performance using different classifiers,which can be applied to analyze other cognitive diseases.Attempts on the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative(ADNI)dataset demonstrate that the proposed model can generate good brain functional networks.The classification results show adding generated data can achieve the best accuracy value of 85.33%,sensitivity value of 84.00%,specificity value of 86.67%.The proposed model also achieves superior performance compared with other related augmentedmodels.Overall,the proposedmodel effectively improves cognitive disease diagnosis by generating diverse brain functional networks.
基金supported by China Scholarship Council(201306455001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61271407)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(16CX06050A)
文摘The complex relationship between structural connectivity(SC) and functional connectivity(FC) of human brain networks is still a critical problem in neuroscience. In order to investigate the role of SC in shaping resting-state FC, numerous models have been proposed. Here, we use a simple dynamic model based on the susceptible-infected-susceptible(SIS) model along the shortest paths to predict FC from SC. Unlike the previous dynamic model based on SIS theory, we focus on the shortest paths as the principal routes to transmit signals rather than the empirical structural brain network. We first simplify the structurally connected network into an efficient propagation network according to the shortest paths and then combine SIS infection theory with the efficient network to simulate the dynamic process of human brain activity. Finally, we perform an extensive comparison study between the dynamic models embedded in the efficient network, the dynamic model embedded in the structurally connected network and dynamic mean field(DMF) model predicting FC from SC. Extensive experiments on two different resolution datasets indicate that i) the dynamic model simulated on the shortest paths can predict FC among both structurally connected and unconnected node pairs; ii) though there are fewer links in the efficient propagation network, the predictive power of FC derived from the efficient propagation network is better than the dynamic model simulated on a structural brain network; iii) in comparison with the DMF model,the dynamic model embedded in the shortest paths is found to perform better to predict FC.
基金Supported by the Medical Research Project of the Chongqing Municipal Health Commission,No.2024WSJK110.
文摘BACKGROUND Currently,adolescent depression is one of the most significant public health concerns,markedly influencing emotional,cognitive,and social maturation.Despite advancements in distinguish the neurobiological substrates underlying depression,the intricate patterns of disrupted brain network connectivity in adolescents warrant further exploration.AIM To elucidate the neural correlates of adolescent depression by examining brain network connectivity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI).METHODS The study cohort comprised 74 depressed adolescents and 59 healthy controls aged 12 to 17 years.Participants underwent rs-fMRI to evaluate functional connectivity within and across critical brain networks,including the visual,default mode network(DMN),dorsal attention,salience,somatomotor,and frontoparietal control networks.RESULTS Analyses revealed pronounced functional disparities within key neural circuits among adolescents with depression.The results demonstrated existence of hemispheric asymmetries characterized by enhanced activity in the left visual network,which contrasted the diminished activity in the right hemisphere.The DMN facilitated increased activity within the left prefrontal cortex and reduced engagement in the right hemisphere,implicating disrupted self-referential and emotional processing mechanisms.Additionally,an overactive right dorsal attention network and a hypoactive salience network were identified,underscoring significant abnormalities in attentional and emotional regulation in adolescent depression.CONCLUSION The findings from this study underscore distinct neural connectivity disruptions in adolescent depression,underscoring the critical role of specific neurobiological markers for precise early diagnosis of adolescent depression.The observed functional asymmetries and network-specific deviations elucidate the complex neurobiological architecture of adolescent depression,supporting the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
文摘Objective Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI),we explored the changes in dynamic functional network connections (dFNC) in the brains of patients with first-episode schizophrenia (SZ)and evaluated the potential clinical value of dFNC changes in combination with a machine learning model.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes:Brain Effects and Multimodal Imaging Mechanism of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Patients with Disorder of Consciousness(No.CI2021A03305)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve nerve stimulation(ta VNS)on disorders of consciousness(DOC)patients with Coma Recovery Scale-Revised(CRS-R)and cerebral cortex activity by electroencephalogram(EEG)detection.METHODS:Randomized controlled methods were used to evaluate the clinical effect of ta VNS on patients with DOC.Twelve patients with initial CRS-R of 6-10 were randomly divided into the treatment group of ta VNS and control group of transcutaneous non-auricular vague nerve stimulation(tn VNS).According to clinical diagnosis,the treatment group was divided into vegetative state(VS)group and minimally conscious state(MCS)group.RESULTS:The energy of delta and beta bands is positively correlated with the brain activity of patients.ta VNS has different regulatory effects on patients with different conscious States.In ta VNS group,the energy of delta band in local brain regions changed significantly.Significant changes in brain connection activity were limited to local brain regions.While in patients with MCS in the ta VNS group,delta and beta band energy significantly changed in multiple brain regions and crossbrain connection activity also changed significantly.CONCLUSION:These findings suggest that ta VNS may be a related extra method for arousing patients’awakening by improving brain connection activity.And the effect is remarkable in MCS patients.
文摘Epilepsy is a transient neurological disorder associated with changes in the functional connections of the brain. Abnormal electrical discharges can be observed during an epileptic seizure. However, in the absence of an epileptic seizure, the anatomical structure of the brain and the electrical waves of the brain are not observed, making it difficult to explain the cause. This paper deals with together weighted imaging (DWI) sequence data in functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) of epileptic patients before seizure, using Anatomical Automatic Labeling (AAL) template extracted 116 brain regions and the introduction of time series, a matrix of 116 × 116. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to investigate the pathological condition of brain function in epilepsy patients, using of neural network visualization system of innovative visual display and compared with the normal epileptic brain function to connect the image, with 38 cases of epilepsy by 187 cases of normal DWI experiment data, and can confirm the existence of brain function in patients with epilepsy connections. Cerebral neural network visualization system showed partial functional connection loss between frontal lobe and temporal lobe in epileptic group compared with normal control group.
基金supported by the Institute for Basic Science[grant No.IBS-R015-D1]the National Research Foundation of Korea(grant No.NRF-2016R1A2B4008545)
文摘Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder（ADHD） is a disorder characterized by behavioral symptoms including hyperactivity/impulsivity among children,adolescents,and adults.These ADHD related symptoms are influenced by the complex interaction of brain networks which were under explored.We explored age-related brain network differences between ADHD patients and typically developing（TD） subjects using resting state f MRI（rs-f MRI） for three age groups of children,adolescents,and adults.We collected rs-f MRI data from 184 individuals（27 ADHD children and 31 TD children;32 ADHD adolescents and 32 TD adolescents;and 31 ADHD adults and 31 TD adults）.The Brainnetome Atlas was used to define nodes in the network analysis.We compared three age groups of ADHD and TD subjects to identify the distinct regions that could explain age-related brain network differences based on degree centrality,a well-known measure of nodal centrality.The left middle temporal gyrus showed significant interaction effects between disease status（i.e.,ADHD or TD） and age（i.e.,child,adolescent,or adult）（P 0.001）.Additional regions were identified at a relaxed threshold（P 0.05）.Many of the identified regions（the left inferior frontal gyrus,the left middle temporal gyrus,and the left insular gyrus） were related to cognitive function.The results of our study suggest that aberrant development in cognitive brain regions might be associated with age-related brain network changes in ADHD patients.These findings contribute to better understand how brain function influences the symptoms of ADHD.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China,No.2016A030313327the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou City of China,No.201607010185+1 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China,No.2016A020215226the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81401869
文摘Aphasia is an acquired language disorder that is a common consequence of stroke.The pathogenesis of the disease is not fully understood,and as a result,current treatment options are not satisfactory.Here,we used blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the activation of bilateral cortices in patients with Broca＇s aphasia 1 to 3 months after stroke.Our results showed that language expression was associated with multiple brain regions in which the right hemisphere participated in the generation of language.The activation areas in the left hemisphere of aphasia patients were significantly smaller compared with those in healthy adults.The activation frequency,volumes,and intensity in the regions related to language,such as the left inferior frontal gyrus（Broca＇s area）,the left superior temporal gyrus,and the right inferior frontal gyrus（the mirror region of Broca＇s area）,were lower in patients compared with healthy adults.In contrast,activation in the right superior temporal gyrus,the bilateral superior parietal lobule,and the left inferior temporal gyrus was stronger in patients compared with healthy controls.These results suggest that the right inferior frontal gyrus plays a role in the recovery of language function in the subacute stage of stroke-related aphasia by increasing the engagement of related brain areas.
文摘Background:Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is associated with altered brain development,but it is unclear which specific structural changes may serve as potential diagnostic markers,particularly in young children at the age when symptoms become fully estab-lished.Furthermore,such brain markers need to meet the requirements of precision medicine and be accurate in aiding diagnosis at an individual rather than only a group level.Objective:This study aimed to identify and model brain-wide differences in structural connectivity using diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)in young ASD and typically developing(TD)children.Methods:A discovery cohort including 93 ASD and 26 TD children and two independent validation cohorts including 12 ASD and 9 TD children from three different cities in China were included.Brain-wide(294 regions)structural connectivity was measured using DTI(fractional anisotropy,FA)together with symptom severity and cognitive development.A connection matrix was constructed for each child for comparisons between ASD and TD groups.Pattern classification was performed on the discovery dataset and the resulting model was tested on the two independent validation datasets.Results:Thirty-three structural connections showed increased FA in ASD compared to TD children and associated with both autistic symptom severity and impaired general cognitive development.The majority(29/33)involved the frontal lobe and comprised five different networks with functional relevance to default mode,motor control,social recognition,language and reward.Overall,clas-sification achieved very high accuracy of 96.77%in the discovery dataset,and 91.67%and 88.89%in the two independent validation datasets.Conclusions:Identified structural connectivity differences primarily involving the frontal cortex can very accurately distinguish novel individual ASD from TD children and may therefore represent a robust early brain biomarker which can address the requirements of precision medicine.
基金supported by funding fromBeijingNatural Science Foundation grant Z210009National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Projects,STI2030-Major Projects grant 2022ZD0204800+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 32070987 and 31722025Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Program of Frontier Sciences grant QYZDB-SSW-SMC019supported by funding from National Key R&D Program of China grant 2022YFB4700100Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences XDB37030303funded as a chairholder from the Canada Excellence Research Chair in Neuroplasticity,as research director at the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research,by the European Foundation of Biomedical Research,by the Foundation for Research and Rehabilitation of Neurodegenerative Diseases,and by National Natural Science Foundation of China 81920108023.
文摘Patients with disorders of consciousness suffer from severe impairments in arousal and awareness alongside anomalous brain connections and aberrant neuronal activities.The thalamus,a crucial hub in the brain connectome,has been empirically inferred to maintain consciousness and wakefulness.Here,we investigated thalamic spiking,brain connectivity,consciousness states,and recovery outcomes following deep brain stimulation in 29 patients.Our study reveals that thalamic neuronal activity serves as a marker of consciousness state.Patients diagnosed with vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome exhibited less-active neurons,with longer and more variable burst discharges,than those in a minimally conscious state.Furthermore,neuronal profiles in the intralaminar thalamus,the direct stimulation site,predicted whether electrostimulation here improved recovery.Stronger tonic firing was correlated with enhanced thalamocortical connectivity and better recovery outcomes in patients.These findings suggest that thalamic spiking signatures,including singleneuron burst discharge and tonic firing,selectively indicate the representation and alteration of consciousness.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61772440,Grant No.62007016).
文摘Chinese calligraphy,as a well-known performing art form,occupies an important role in the intangible cultural heritage of China.Previous studies focused on the psychophysiological benefits of Chinese calligraphy.Little attention has been paid to its aesthetic attributes and effectiveness on the cognitive process.To complement our understanding of Chinese calligraphy,this study investigated the aesthetic experience of Chinese cursive-style calligraphy using brain functional network analysis.Subjects stayed on the coach and rested for several minutes.Then,they were requested to appreciate artwork of cursive-style calligraphy.Results showed that(1)changes in functional connectivity between frontooccipital,fronto-parietal,bilateral parietal,and central–occipital areas are prominent for calligraphy condition,(2)brain functional network showed an increased normalized cluster coefficient for calligraphy condition in alpha2 and gamma bands.These results demonstrate that the brain functional network undergoes a dynamic reconfiguration during the aesthetic experience of Chinese calligraphy.Providing evidence that the aesthetic experience of Chinese calligraphy has several similarities with western art while retaining its unique characters as an eastern traditional art form.
文摘The fetal neocortical transplant (E15-17 days gestation) of Wistar rat was grafted to the corresponding neocortical region (frontal-parietal lobe) of the same strain in young rats (4-5 weeks old). On the 7th, 15th, 30th, 60th, 150th day after transplantation, the sections cut through the middle area of graft-ost brain were examined by HE, Nissl, Glees stain, immunohistochemical technique for GFAP and NF, Nissl, Glees stain, immunohistochemical technique for GFAP and NF, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry as well as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing with light microscope. Some of the sections were also examined with TEM. The result showed that most immature neurons within the graft can survive, grow, differentiate and mature, and are similar to the structure of the neocortical neurons of host brain. This study also provides patterns of integration of the interface between graft-host brain varying with the proliferation of reactive astrocyte as well as graft-host reciprocal connection of fibers.
