The enhancement of adhesive perception is crucial to maintaining a stable and comfortable grip of the skin-touch products.To study the tactile perception of adhesive surfaces,subjective evaluation,skin friction and vi...The enhancement of adhesive perception is crucial to maintaining a stable and comfortable grip of the skin-touch products.To study the tactile perception of adhesive surfaces,subjective evaluation,skin friction and vibrations,and neurophysiological response of the brain activity were investigated systematically.Silicone materials,which are commonly used for bionic materials and skin-touch products,were chosen for the tactile stimulus.The results showed that with the increasing of surface adhesion,the dominant friction transferred from a combination of adhesive friction and deformation friction to adhesive friction.The friction coefficient and vibration amplitude had strong correlations with the perceived adhesion of surfaces.The parietal lobe and occipital lobe were involved in adhesive perceptions,and the area and intensity of brain activation increased with the increasing surface adhesion.Surfaces with larger adhesion tended to excite a high P300 amplitude and short latency,indicating that the judgment was faster and that more attentional resources were involved in adhesive perception.Furthermore,the electroencephalograph signals of the adhesive perception were simulated by the neural mass model.It demonstrated that the excitability and intensity of brain activity,and the connectivity strength between two neural masses increased with the increasing surface adhesion.This study is meaningful to understand the role of surface adhesion in tactile friction and the cognitive mechanism in adhesive perception to improve the tactile experience of adhesive materials.展开更多
Mental practice is a new rehabilitation method that reters to the mental rehearsal ot motor imagery content with the goal of improving motor performance. However, the relationship between activated regions and motor r...Mental practice is a new rehabilitation method that reters to the mental rehearsal ot motor imagery content with the goal of improving motor performance. However, the relationship between activated regions and motor recovery after mental practice training is not well understood. In this study, 15 patients who suffered a firstever subcortical stroke with neurological deficits affecting the right hand, but no significant cognitive impairment were recruited. 10 patients underwent mental practice combined with physical practice training, and 5 patients only underwent physical practice training. We observed brain activation regions after 4 weeks of training, and explored the correlation of activation changes with functional recovery of the affected hands. The results showed that, after 4 weeks of mental practice combined with physical training, the Fugl-Meyer assessment score for the affected right hand was significantly increased than that after 4 weeks of practice training alone. Functional MRI showed enhanced activation in the left primary somatosensory cortex, attenuated activation intensity in the right primary motor cortex, and enhanced right cerebellar activation observed during the motor imagery task using the affected right hand after mental practice training. The changes in brain cortical activity were related to functional recovery of the hand. Experimental findings indicate that cortical and cerebellar functional reorganization following mental practice contributed to the improvement of hand function.展开更多
Acupuncture has been shown to be effective on alcohol use disorder.However,the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood.To investigate the effects of Shenmen(HT7)acupoint on brain activation induced by cue-elici...Acupuncture has been shown to be effective on alcohol use disorder.However,the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood.To investigate the effects of Shenmen(HT7)acupoint on brain activation induced by cue-elicited alcohol craving,30 right-handed healthy light to moderate alcohol drinkers were recruited from the community.They were randomly assigned to undergo acupuncture either at HT7(experimental acupoint,n=15)or Jingqu(LU8,control acupoint,n=15)acupoints.This randomized controlled study was performed in Daegu Haany University and Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation,Republic of Korea.Recruitment and data collection were conducted from December 2018 to May 2019.The results showed that after acupuncture at HT7 acupoint,the activation of orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was greatly increased,while the activation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was obviously reduced,and subject's craving for alcohol was reduced when he/she seeing alcohol-related video clips involving various alcohols(beer,wine,or soju)or drinking scenarios.Acupuncture at HT7 more greatly reduced subject's alcohol cravings than acupuncture at LU8 acupoint.These findings suggest that acupuncture can improve the self-control of mild to moderate social drinkers through the activation of the orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,thereby reducing the craving for alcohol.The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Daegu Haany University Korean Medicine Hospital,Republic of Korea(approval No.DHUMC-D-18026-PRO-02)on November 30,2018.展开更多
The human brain is known to be influenced by environmental stimuli（Feeney et al.,1982;Kaplan,1988）.Therefore,research on the brain activation pattern by external stimuli has been an important topic in neuroscience（...The human brain is known to be influenced by environmental stimuli（Feeney et al.,1982;Kaplan,1988）.Therefore,research on the brain activation pattern by external stimuli has been an important topic in neuroscience（Kaplan,1988）.Chewing gum has been known to have a positive effect on cognition,including alertness,attention,cognitive processing speed,展开更多
Previous research using functional MRI has shown that specific brain regions associated with drug dependence and cue-elicited heroin craving are activated by environmental cues. Craving is an important trigger of hero...Previous research using functional MRI has shown that specific brain regions associated with drug dependence and cue-elicited heroin craving are activated by environmental cues. Craving is an important trigger of heroin relapse, and acupuncture may inhibit craving. In this study, we performed functional MRI in heroin addicts and control subjects. We compared differences in brain activation between the two groups during heroin cue exposure, heroin cue exposure plus acupuncture at the Zusanli point （ST36） without twirling of the needle, and heroin cue exposure plus acupuncture at the Zusanli point with twirling of the needle. Heroin cue exposure elicited significant activation in craving-related brain regions mainly in the frontal lobes and callosal gyri. Acupuncture without twirling did not significantly affect the range of brain activation induced by heroin cue exposure, but significantly changed the extent of the activation in the heroin addicts group. Acupuncture at the Zusanli point with twirling of the needle significantly decreased both the range and extent of activation induced by heroin cue exposure compared with heroin cue exposure plus acupuncture without twirling of the needle. These experimental findings indicate that presentation of heroin cues can induce activation in craving-related brain regions, which are involved in reward, learning and memory, cognition and emotion. Acupuncture at the Zusanli point can rapidly suppress the activation of specific brain regions related to craving, supporting its potential as an intervention for drug craving.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To examine the variations in brain regions among individuals with decreasing ovarian reserve(DOR) compared to healthy controls using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI),and to assess...OBJECTIVE:To examine the variations in brain regions among individuals with decreasing ovarian reserve(DOR) compared to healthy controls using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI),and to assess the immediate effects of acupuncture stimulation on these brain regions in DOR patients.METHODS:Twenty patients diagnosed with DOR(DOR group) and twenty healthy controls(HC group) who underwent rs-fMRI scans were included.The DOR group received acupuncture and underwent a subsequent rsfMRI scan.Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(ALFF) analysis was utilized to identify disparities in brain regions between DOR and HC groups,and to evaluate the immediate effects of acupuncture on DOR patients' brain regions.Common brain regions were identified as seed points for functional connectivity(FC) analysis.RESULTS:In this study,a total of 20 HCs and 20 patients with DOR were initially enrolled.However,due to incomplete personal information,three participants were removed from the HC group.Additionally,two DOR patients experienced symptoms such as physical discomfort and shortness of breath during the MRI scan,leading to their exclusion due to excessive head movement parameters.Consequently,17 HCs and 16 DOR patients completed the entire study protocol.Comparative analysis revealed that DOR patients exhibited increased ALFF values in the left inferior temporal gyrus(ITG) and middle temporal gyrus(MTG),while ALFF values in the bilateral superior frontal gyrus(SFG),middle frontal gyrus(MFG),and left inferior frontal gyrus(IFG) were decreased compared to HCs.Following acupuncture intervention,ALFF values in the left SFG,MFG,and supplementary motor area(SMA) of DOR patients increased.Furthermore,functional connectivity(FC) analysis demonstrated increased connectivity of the left SFG with the bilateral calcarine sulcus and lingual gyrus post-acupuncture.CONCLUSION:This study highlights abnormal neural activity in the SFG,MFG,IFG,and ACC in DOR patients compared to HCs.Acupuncture was found to regulate the activity of the SFG,bringing it closer to normal levels,and enhancing its functional connectivity with the bilateral calcarine sulcus and lingual gyrus.展开更多
Working memory is an executive memory process that includes encoding,maintenance,and retrieval.These processes can be modulated by transcranial alternating current stimulation(tACS)with sinusoidal waves.However,little...Working memory is an executive memory process that includes encoding,maintenance,and retrieval.These processes can be modulated by transcranial alternating current stimulation(tACS)with sinusoidal waves.However,little is known about the impact of the rate of current change on working memory.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effects of two types of tACS with different rates of current change on working memory performance and brain activity.We applied a randomized,single-blind design and divided 81 young participants who received triangular wave tACS,sinusoidal wave tACS,or sham stimulation into three groups.Participants performed n-back tasks,and electroencephalograms were recorded before,during,and after active or sham stimulation.Compared to the baseline,working memory performance(accuracy and response time)improved after stimulation under all stimulation conditions.According to drift-diffusion model analysis,triangular wave tACS significantly increased the efficiency of non-target information processing.In addition,compared with sham conditions,triangular wave tACS reduced alpha power oscillations in the occipital lobe throughout the encoding period,while sinusoidal wave tACS increased theta power in the central frontal region only during the later encoding period.The brain network connectivity results showed that triangular wave tACS improved the clustering coefficient,local efficiency,and node degree intensity in the early encoding stage,and these parameters were positively correlated with the non-target drift rate and decision starting point.Our findings on how tACS modulates working memory indicate that triangular wave tACS significantly enhances brain network connectivity during the early encoding stage,demonstrating an improvement in the efficiency of working memory processing.In contrast,sinusoidal wave tACS increased the theta power during the later encoding stage,suggesting its potential critical role in late-stage information processing.These findings provide valuable insights into the potential mechanisms by which tACS modulates working memory.展开更多
AIM:To investigate changes in local brain activity after laser assisted in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)in myopia patients,and further explore whether post-LASIK(POL)patients and healthy controls(HCs)can be distinguished...AIM:To investigate changes in local brain activity after laser assisted in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)in myopia patients,and further explore whether post-LASIK(POL)patients and healthy controls(HCs)can be distinguished by differences in dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(dALFF)in specific brain regions.METHODS:The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)data were collected from 15 myopic patients who underwent LASIK and 15 matched healthy controls.This method was selected to calculate the corresponding dALFF values of each participant,to compare dALFF between the groups and to determine whether dALFF distinguishes reliably between myopic patients after LASIK and HCs using the linear support vector machine(SVM)permutation test(5000 repetitions).RESULTS:dALFF was lower in POL than in HCs at the right precentral gyrus and right insula.Classification accuracy of the SVM was 89.1%(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:The activity of spontaneous neurons in the right precentral gyrus and right insula of myopic patients change significantly after LASIK.SVM can correctly classify POL patients and HCs based on dALFF differences.展开更多
Tactile perception plays a critical role in the interaction of humans and environment.It begins with the mechanical stimulation induced by friction and is processed in the somatosensory cortex.To quantify the tactile ...Tactile perception plays a critical role in the interaction of humans and environment.It begins with the mechanical stimulation induced by friction and is processed in the somatosensory cortex.To quantify the tactile perceptions of textile fabrics,the mechanical properties of fabrics and the features extracted from the friction and vibration signals were correlated with the subjective sensation rated by questionnaires.Meanwhile,the technique of functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)was used to identify the brain areas responsible for the tactile perception of textile fabrics.The results showed that during the tactile perception of textile fabrics,the coefficient of friction increased with the increasing normal load,indicating that the deformation mechanism of skin was relevant to the friction of skin against fabrics.The features of spectral centroid(SC),coefficient of friction,and diameter and critical buckling force of fiber had a strong correlation with the perceived fineness,slipperiness,and prickliness of fabrics,respectively.The postcentral gyrus,supramarginal gyrus,and precentral gyrus,with the corresponding functional regions of the primary somatosensory cortex(SI),secondary somatosensory cortex(SII),primary motor cortex(MI),and secondary motor cortex(MII),were involved with the perceptions of fabric textures.The fiber properties and fabric surface structures that caused the multidimensional feelings tended to induce the large area,intensity,and percent signal change(PSC)of brain activity.This study is meaning for evaluating the tactile stimulation of textile fabrics and understanding the cognitive mechanism in the tactile perception of textile fabrics.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury（TBI）remains one of the leading causes of disability and death in infants and children.Studies have demonstrated that the youngest age group（especially≤4 years old）exhibit worse functional o...Traumatic brain injury（TBI）remains one of the leading causes of disability and death in infants and children.Studies have demonstrated that the youngest age group（especially≤4 years old）exhibit worse functional outcome following moderate to severe TBI compared to older children or adults（Anderson et al.,2005;Emami et al.,2017）.These data suggest that age-at-injury may be an important determinant of outcome,展开更多
Background:Excessive heat exposure can lead to hyperthermia in humans,which impairs physical performance and disrupts cognitive function.While heat is a known physiological stressor,it is unclear how severe heat stres...Background:Excessive heat exposure can lead to hyperthermia in humans,which impairs physical performance and disrupts cognitive function.While heat is a known physiological stressor,it is unclear how severe heat stress affects brain physiology and function.Methods:Eleven healthy participants were subjected to heat stress from prolonged exercise or warm water immersion until their rectal temperatures(T_(re))attained 39.5℃,inducing exertional or passive hyperthermia,respectively.In a separate trial,blended ice was ingested before and during exercise as a cooling strategy.Data were compared to a control condition with seated rest(normothermic).Brain temperature(T_(br)),cerebral perfusion,and task-based brain activity were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging techniques.Results:T_(br)in motor cortex was found to be tightly regulated at rest(37.3℃±0.4℃(mean±SD))despite fluctuations in T_(re).With the development of hyperthermia,T_(br)increases and dovetails with the rising T_(re).Bilateral motor cortical activity was suppressed during high-intensity plantarflexion tasks,implying a reduced central motor drive in hyperthermic participants(T_(re)=38.5℃±0.1℃).Global gray matter perfusion and regional perfusion in sensorimotor cortex were reduced with passive hyperthermia.Executive function was poorer under a passive hyperthermic state,and this could relate to compromised visual processing as indicated by the reduced activation of left lateral-occipital cortex.Conversely,ingestion of blended ice before and during exercise alleviated the rise in both T_(re)and T_(bc)and mitigated heat-related neural perturbations.Conclusion:Severe heat exposure elevates T_(br),disrupts motor cortical activity and executive function,and this can lead to impairment of physical and cognitive performance.展开更多
Visual cortical prostheses have the potential to restore partial vision. Still limited by the low-resolution visual percepts provided by visual cortical prostheses, implant wearers can currently only ＂see＂ pixelized...Visual cortical prostheses have the potential to restore partial vision. Still limited by the low-resolution visual percepts provided by visual cortical prostheses, implant wearers can currently only ＂see＂ pixelized images, and how to obtain the specific brain responses to different pixelized images in the primary visual cortex（the implant area） is still unknown. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment on normal human participants to investigate the brain activation patterns in response to 18 different pixelized images. There were 100 voxels in the brain activation pattern that were selected from the primary visual cortex, and voxel size was 4 mm × 4 mm × 4 mm. Multi-voxel pattern analysis was used to test if these 18 different brain activation patterns were specific. We chose a Linear Support Vector Machine（LSVM） as the classifier in this study. The results showed that the classification accuracies of different brain activation patterns were significantly above chance level, which suggests that the classifier can successfully distinguish the brain activation patterns. Our results suggest that the specific brain activation patterns to different pixelized images can be obtained in the primary visual cortex using a 4 mm × 4 mm × 4 mm voxel size and a 100-voxel pattern.展开更多
The sensor area in the brain remains active during the wake-sleep transition. However, the behavioral mechanisms of sensor sensitivity involved in the transition from a state of wakefulness to a sleep state remain poo...The sensor area in the brain remains active during the wake-sleep transition. However, the behavioral mechanisms of sensor sensitivity involved in the transition from a state of wakefulness to a sleep state remain poorly understood. To detect sensitivity index （d） changes during the wake-sleep transition, the present study recorded response times of wakefulness versus wake-sleep transition in 14 healthy undergraduate volunteers. During wake-sleep transition testing, morphological changes in the time courses of behavior response revealed 2 typical phases （stages A and B）. In stage A, subject behavior responses exhibited temporal fluctuations, and all subjects displayed a high accuracy rate. In stage B, subjects did not exhibit behavioral responses. The sensitivity index d＇ during the wake-sleep transition （stage A） was significantly weaker than during wakefulness. Results demonstrated that at the behavioral level, sensation capacity for transfer information from the external world into the internal system significantly decreased during the transition to sleep.展开更多
The human brain undergoes rapid development during childhood,with significant improvement in a wide spectrum of cognitive and affective functions.Mapping domain-and age-specific brain activity patterns has important i...The human brain undergoes rapid development during childhood,with significant improvement in a wide spectrum of cognitive and affective functions.Mapping domain-and age-specific brain activity patterns has important implications for characterizing the development of children’s cognitive and affective functions.The current mainstay of brain templates is primarily derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and thus is not ideal for mapping children’s cognitive and affective brain development.By integrating task-dependent functional MRI data from a large sample of 250 children(aged 7 to 12)across multiple domains and the latest easy-to-use and transparent preprocessing workflow,we here created a set of age-specific brain functional activity maps across four domains:attention,executive function,emotion,and risky decision-making.Moreover,we developed a toolbox named Developmental Brain Functional Activity maps across multiple domains that enables researchers to visualize and download domain-and age-specific brain activity maps for various needs.This toolbox and maps have been released on the Neuroimaging Informatics Tools and Resources Clearinghouse website(http://www.nitrc.org/projects/dbfa).Our study provides domain-and age-specific brain activity maps for future developmental neuroimaging studies in both healthy and clinical populations.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve nerve stimulation(ta VNS)on disorders of consciousness(DOC)patients with Coma Recovery Scale-Revised(CRS-R)and cerebral cortex activity...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve nerve stimulation(ta VNS)on disorders of consciousness(DOC)patients with Coma Recovery Scale-Revised(CRS-R)and cerebral cortex activity by electroencephalogram(EEG)detection.METHODS:Randomized controlled methods were used to evaluate the clinical effect of ta VNS on patients with DOC.Twelve patients with initial CRS-R of 6-10 were randomly divided into the treatment group of ta VNS and control group of transcutaneous non-auricular vague nerve stimulation(tn VNS).According to clinical diagnosis,the treatment group was divided into vegetative state(VS)group and minimally conscious state(MCS)group.RESULTS:The energy of delta and beta bands is positively correlated with the brain activity of patients.ta VNS has different regulatory effects on patients with different conscious States.In ta VNS group,the energy of delta band in local brain regions changed significantly.Significant changes in brain connection activity were limited to local brain regions.While in patients with MCS in the ta VNS group,delta and beta band energy significantly changed in multiple brain regions and crossbrain connection activity also changed significantly.CONCLUSION:These findings suggest that ta VNS may be a related extra method for arousing patients’awakening by improving brain connection activity.And the effect is remarkable in MCS patients.展开更多
Methylphenidate （MPH） is one of the most commonly used stimulants for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD）. Although several studies have evaluated the effects of MPH on human brain act...Methylphenidate （MPH） is one of the most commonly used stimulants for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD）. Although several studies have evaluated the effects of MPH on human brain activation during specific cognitive tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）, few studies have focused on spontaneous brain activity. In the current study, we investigated the effect of MPH on the intra-regional synchronization of spontaneous brain activity during the resting state in 18 normal adult males. A handedness questionnaire and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale were applied before medication, and a resting-state fMRI scan was obtained 1 h after medication （20 mg MPH or placebo, order counterbalanced between participants）. We demonstrated that： （1） there were no significant differences in the performance of behavioral tasks between the MPH and placebo groups; （2） the left middle and superior temporal gyri had stronger MPH-related regional homogeneity （ReHo）; and （3） the left lingual gyrus had weaker MPH-related ReHo. Our findings showed that the ReHo in some brain areas changes with MPH compared to placebo in normal adults, even though there are no behavioral differences. This method can be applied to patients with mental illness who may be treated with MPH, and be used to compare the difference between patients taking MPH and normal participants, to help reveal the mechanism of how MPH works.展开更多
Internet addiction is associated with an increased risk of suicidal behavior and can lead to brain dysfunction among adolescents.However,whether brain dysfunction occurs in adolescents with Internet addiction who atte...Internet addiction is associated with an increased risk of suicidal behavior and can lead to brain dysfunction among adolescents.However,whether brain dysfunction occurs in adolescents with Internet addiction who attempt suicide remains unknown.This observational cross-sectional study enrolled 41 young Internet addicts,aged from 15 to 20 years,from the Department of Psychiatry,the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,China from January to May 2018.The participants included 21 individuals who attempted suicide and 20 individuals with Internet addiction without a suicidal attempt history.Brain images in the resting state were obtained by a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner.The results showed that activity in the gyrus frontalis inferior of the right pars triangularis and the right pars opercularis was significantly increased in the suicidal attempt group compared with the non-suicidal attempt group.In the resting state,the prefrontal lobe of adolescents who had attempted suicide because of Internet addiction exhibited functional abnormalities,which may provide a new basis for studying suicide pathogenesis in Internet addicts.The study was authorized by the Ethics Committee of Chongqing Medical University,China(approval No.2017 Scientific Research Ethics(2017-157))on December 11,2017.展开更多
We compared the activities of functional regions of the brain in the Deqi versus non-Deqi state, as reported by physicians and subjects cludng acupuncture, Twelve healthy volunteers received sham and true needling at ...We compared the activities of functional regions of the brain in the Deqi versus non-Deqi state, as reported by physicians and subjects cludng acupuncture, Twelve healthy volunteers received sham and true needling at the Waiguan （TE5） acupoint. Real-time cerebral functional MRI showed that compared with non-sensation after sham needling, true needling activated Brodmann areas 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 20, 21, 37, 39, 40, 43, and 47, the head of the caudate nucleus, the parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus and red nucleus. True needling also deactivated Brodmann areas 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9. 10. 18.24.31.40 and 46.展开更多
One of the most significant challenges in the neuroscience community is to understand how the human brain works.Recent progress in neuroimaging techniques have validated that it is possible to decode a person′s thoug...One of the most significant challenges in the neuroscience community is to understand how the human brain works.Recent progress in neuroimaging techniques have validated that it is possible to decode a person′s thoughts,memories,and emotions via functional magnetic resonance imaging(i.e.,fMRI)since it can measure the neural activation of human brains with satisfied spatiotemporal resolutions.However,the unprecedented scale and complexity of the fMRI data have presented critical computational bottlenecks requiring new scientific analytic tools.Given the increasingly important role of machine learning in neuroscience,a great many machine learning algorithms are presented to analyze brain activities from the fMRI data.In this paper,we mainly provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of machine learning methods for analyzing neural activities with the following three aspects,i.e.,brain image functional alignment,brain activity pattern analysis,and visual stimuli reconstruction.In addition,online resources and open research problems on brain pattern analysis are also provided for the convenience of future research.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a common chronic disease.Given the increasing incidence of diabetes,more individuals are affected by diabetic optic neuropathy(DON),which results in decreased vision.Whether DON leads to abnorma...BACKGROUND Diabetes is a common chronic disease.Given the increasing incidence of diabetes,more individuals are affected by diabetic optic neuropathy(DON),which results in decreased vision.Whether DON leads to abnormalities of other visual systems,including the eye,the visual cortex,and other brain regions,remains unknown.AIM To investigate the local characteristics of spontaneous brain activity using regional homogeneity(ReHo)in patients with DON.METHODS We matched 22 patients with DON with 22 healthy controls(HCs).All subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.The ReHo technique was used to record spontaneous changes in brain activity.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were applied to differentiate between ReHo values for patients with DON and HCs.We also assessed the correlation between Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores and ReHo values in DON patients using Pearson correlation analysis.RESULTS ReHo values of the right middle frontal gyrus(RMFG),left anterior cingulate(LAC),and superior frontal gyrus(SFG)/left frontal superior orbital gyrus(LFSO)were significantly lower in DON patients compared to HCs.Among these,the greatest difference was observed in the RMFG.The result of the ROC curves suggest that ReHo values in altered brain regions may help diagnose DON,and the RMFG and LAC ReHo values are more clinically relevant than SFG/LFSO.We also found that anxiety and depression scores of the DON group were extremely negatively correlated with the LAC ReHo values(r=-0.9336,P<0.0001 and r=-0.8453,P<0.0001,respectively).CONCLUSION Three different brain regions show ReHo changes in DON patients,and these changes could serve as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers to further guide the prevention and treatment of DON patients.展开更多
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52375224 and 51875566)A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘The enhancement of adhesive perception is crucial to maintaining a stable and comfortable grip of the skin-touch products.To study the tactile perception of adhesive surfaces,subjective evaluation,skin friction and vibrations,and neurophysiological response of the brain activity were investigated systematically.Silicone materials,which are commonly used for bionic materials and skin-touch products,were chosen for the tactile stimulus.The results showed that with the increasing of surface adhesion,the dominant friction transferred from a combination of adhesive friction and deformation friction to adhesive friction.The friction coefficient and vibration amplitude had strong correlations with the perceived adhesion of surfaces.The parietal lobe and occipital lobe were involved in adhesive perceptions,and the area and intensity of brain activation increased with the increasing surface adhesion.Surfaces with larger adhesion tended to excite a high P300 amplitude and short latency,indicating that the judgment was faster and that more attentional resources were involved in adhesive perception.Furthermore,the electroencephalograph signals of the adhesive perception were simulated by the neural mass model.It demonstrated that the excitability and intensity of brain activity,and the connectivity strength between two neural masses increased with the increasing surface adhesion.This study is meaningful to understand the role of surface adhesion in tactile friction and the cognitive mechanism in adhesive perception to improve the tactile experience of adhesive materials.
文摘Mental practice is a new rehabilitation method that reters to the mental rehearsal ot motor imagery content with the goal of improving motor performance. However, the relationship between activated regions and motor recovery after mental practice training is not well understood. In this study, 15 patients who suffered a firstever subcortical stroke with neurological deficits affecting the right hand, but no significant cognitive impairment were recruited. 10 patients underwent mental practice combined with physical practice training, and 5 patients only underwent physical practice training. We observed brain activation regions after 4 weeks of training, and explored the correlation of activation changes with functional recovery of the affected hands. The results showed that, after 4 weeks of mental practice combined with physical training, the Fugl-Meyer assessment score for the affected right hand was significantly increased than that after 4 weeks of practice training alone. Functional MRI showed enhanced activation in the left primary somatosensory cortex, attenuated activation intensity in the right primary motor cortex, and enhanced right cerebellar activation observed during the motor imagery task using the affected right hand after mental practice training. The changes in brain cortical activity were related to functional recovery of the hand. Experimental findings indicate that cortical and cerebellar functional reorganization following mental practice contributed to the improvement of hand function.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT),No.2018R1A5A2025272(to CHY and MYL)。
文摘Acupuncture has been shown to be effective on alcohol use disorder.However,the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood.To investigate the effects of Shenmen(HT7)acupoint on brain activation induced by cue-elicited alcohol craving,30 right-handed healthy light to moderate alcohol drinkers were recruited from the community.They were randomly assigned to undergo acupuncture either at HT7(experimental acupoint,n=15)or Jingqu(LU8,control acupoint,n=15)acupoints.This randomized controlled study was performed in Daegu Haany University and Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation,Republic of Korea.Recruitment and data collection were conducted from December 2018 to May 2019.The results showed that after acupuncture at HT7 acupoint,the activation of orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was greatly increased,while the activation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was obviously reduced,and subject's craving for alcohol was reduced when he/she seeing alcohol-related video clips involving various alcohols(beer,wine,or soju)or drinking scenarios.Acupuncture at HT7 more greatly reduced subject's alcohol cravings than acupuncture at LU8 acupoint.These findings suggest that acupuncture can improve the self-control of mild to moderate social drinkers through the activation of the orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,thereby reducing the craving for alcohol.The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Daegu Haany University Korean Medicine Hospital,Republic of Korea(approval No.DHUMC-D-18026-PRO-02)on November 30,2018.
基金supported by the Medical Research Center Program(2015R1A5A2009124)through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT and Future Planning
文摘The human brain is known to be influenced by environmental stimuli（Feeney et al.,1982;Kaplan,1988）.Therefore,research on the brain activation pattern by external stimuli has been an important topic in neuroscience（Kaplan,1988）.Chewing gum has been known to have a positive effect on cognition,including alertness,attention,cognitive processing speed,
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No. 2011zr001Athe Key Project for Science and Technology of Anhui Province, No. 07010302205
文摘Previous research using functional MRI has shown that specific brain regions associated with drug dependence and cue-elicited heroin craving are activated by environmental cues. Craving is an important trigger of heroin relapse, and acupuncture may inhibit craving. In this study, we performed functional MRI in heroin addicts and control subjects. We compared differences in brain activation between the two groups during heroin cue exposure, heroin cue exposure plus acupuncture at the Zusanli point （ST36） without twirling of the needle, and heroin cue exposure plus acupuncture at the Zusanli point with twirling of the needle. Heroin cue exposure elicited significant activation in craving-related brain regions mainly in the frontal lobes and callosal gyri. Acupuncture without twirling did not significantly affect the range of brain activation induced by heroin cue exposure, but significantly changed the extent of the activation in the heroin addicts group. Acupuncture at the Zusanli point with twirling of the needle significantly decreased both the range and extent of activation induced by heroin cue exposure compared with heroin cue exposure plus acupuncture without twirling of the needle. These experimental findings indicate that presentation of heroin cues can induce activation in craving-related brain regions, which are involved in reward, learning and memory, cognition and emotion. Acupuncture at the Zusanli point can rapidly suppress the activation of specific brain regions related to craving, supporting its potential as an intervention for drug craving.
基金Innovation and Development Joint Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province:based on the Nuclear Factor-erythroid 2 Related Factor 2/AU-rich Element Antioxidant Pathway,the Effect and Mechanism of Menstrual Stimulation Acupuncture on in vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer Pregnancy Outcomes in Poor Ovarian Response Patients were Studied (ZR2022LZY008)Shandong Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine High-level Personnel Training Program Supported by Special Funds (No.6 [2021])+3 种基金Qilu Health and Health Leading Talents Training Project (No.3 [2020])Clinical Science and Technology Innovation Program of Jinan Science and Technology Bureau:Study on the Regulatory Mechanism of Menstrual Regulation and Pregnancy Promotion Acupuncture Method based on rs-functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technology on the Brain Function Network of Decreasing Ovarian Reserve Patients (202225059)Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Development Plan Project:a Multimodal Neuroimaging Study of Menstrual Stimulation Acupuncture in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (No.Q-2022099)Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Development Plan Project:based on the Immunoregulation of Treg Cells,the Mechanism of Menstruation and Pregnancy Promotion Injection in the Treatment of Early-onset Ovarian Insufficiency was Explored (No.B-2022002)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To examine the variations in brain regions among individuals with decreasing ovarian reserve(DOR) compared to healthy controls using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI),and to assess the immediate effects of acupuncture stimulation on these brain regions in DOR patients.METHODS:Twenty patients diagnosed with DOR(DOR group) and twenty healthy controls(HC group) who underwent rs-fMRI scans were included.The DOR group received acupuncture and underwent a subsequent rsfMRI scan.Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(ALFF) analysis was utilized to identify disparities in brain regions between DOR and HC groups,and to evaluate the immediate effects of acupuncture on DOR patients' brain regions.Common brain regions were identified as seed points for functional connectivity(FC) analysis.RESULTS:In this study,a total of 20 HCs and 20 patients with DOR were initially enrolled.However,due to incomplete personal information,three participants were removed from the HC group.Additionally,two DOR patients experienced symptoms such as physical discomfort and shortness of breath during the MRI scan,leading to their exclusion due to excessive head movement parameters.Consequently,17 HCs and 16 DOR patients completed the entire study protocol.Comparative analysis revealed that DOR patients exhibited increased ALFF values in the left inferior temporal gyrus(ITG) and middle temporal gyrus(MTG),while ALFF values in the bilateral superior frontal gyrus(SFG),middle frontal gyrus(MFG),and left inferior frontal gyrus(IFG) were decreased compared to HCs.Following acupuncture intervention,ALFF values in the left SFG,MFG,and supplementary motor area(SMA) of DOR patients increased.Furthermore,functional connectivity(FC) analysis demonstrated increased connectivity of the left SFG with the bilateral calcarine sulcus and lingual gyrus post-acupuncture.CONCLUSION:This study highlights abnormal neural activity in the SFG,MFG,IFG,and ACC in DOR patients compared to HCs.Acupuncture was found to regulate the activity of the SFG,bringing it closer to normal levels,and enhancing its functional connectivity with the bilateral calcarine sulcus and lingual gyrus.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2023B0303030002)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(IS23114,7242274)+4 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023TQ0027 and 2024M754099)the STI 2030-Major Projects(2022ZD0208500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62336002,82071912,62406025,82202291,62373056,62306035)the Beijing Nova Program(20230484465)the Shenzhen Basic Research Program(JCYJ20241202124804007).
文摘Working memory is an executive memory process that includes encoding,maintenance,and retrieval.These processes can be modulated by transcranial alternating current stimulation(tACS)with sinusoidal waves.However,little is known about the impact of the rate of current change on working memory.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effects of two types of tACS with different rates of current change on working memory performance and brain activity.We applied a randomized,single-blind design and divided 81 young participants who received triangular wave tACS,sinusoidal wave tACS,or sham stimulation into three groups.Participants performed n-back tasks,and electroencephalograms were recorded before,during,and after active or sham stimulation.Compared to the baseline,working memory performance(accuracy and response time)improved after stimulation under all stimulation conditions.According to drift-diffusion model analysis,triangular wave tACS significantly increased the efficiency of non-target information processing.In addition,compared with sham conditions,triangular wave tACS reduced alpha power oscillations in the occipital lobe throughout the encoding period,while sinusoidal wave tACS increased theta power in the central frontal region only during the later encoding period.The brain network connectivity results showed that triangular wave tACS improved the clustering coefficient,local efficiency,and node degree intensity in the early encoding stage,and these parameters were positively correlated with the non-target drift rate and decision starting point.Our findings on how tACS modulates working memory indicate that triangular wave tACS significantly enhances brain network connectivity during the early encoding stage,demonstrating an improvement in the efficiency of working memory processing.In contrast,sinusoidal wave tACS increased the theta power during the later encoding stage,suggesting its potential critical role in late-stage information processing.These findings provide valuable insights into the potential mechanisms by which tACS modulates working memory.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82160195No.82460203)Key R&D Program of Jiangxi Province(No.20223BBH80014).
文摘AIM:To investigate changes in local brain activity after laser assisted in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)in myopia patients,and further explore whether post-LASIK(POL)patients and healthy controls(HCs)can be distinguished by differences in dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(dALFF)in specific brain regions.METHODS:The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)data were collected from 15 myopic patients who underwent LASIK and 15 matched healthy controls.This method was selected to calculate the corresponding dALFF values of each participant,to compare dALFF between the groups and to determine whether dALFF distinguishes reliably between myopic patients after LASIK and HCs using the linear support vector machine(SVM)permutation test(5000 repetitions).RESULTS:dALFF was lower in POL than in HCs at the right precentral gyrus and right insula.Classification accuracy of the SVM was 89.1%(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:The activity of spontaneous neurons in the right precentral gyrus and right insula of myopic patients change significantly after LASIK.SVM can correctly classify POL patients and HCs based on dALFF differences.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51875566 and 51805218)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,and technically helped by Dr.Shengjie BAI,Chunai HU,and Yibing SHI in the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Test Section of Xuzhou Central Hospital,China.
文摘Tactile perception plays a critical role in the interaction of humans and environment.It begins with the mechanical stimulation induced by friction and is processed in the somatosensory cortex.To quantify the tactile perceptions of textile fabrics,the mechanical properties of fabrics and the features extracted from the friction and vibration signals were correlated with the subjective sensation rated by questionnaires.Meanwhile,the technique of functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)was used to identify the brain areas responsible for the tactile perception of textile fabrics.The results showed that during the tactile perception of textile fabrics,the coefficient of friction increased with the increasing normal load,indicating that the deformation mechanism of skin was relevant to the friction of skin against fabrics.The features of spectral centroid(SC),coefficient of friction,and diameter and critical buckling force of fiber had a strong correlation with the perceived fineness,slipperiness,and prickliness of fabrics,respectively.The postcentral gyrus,supramarginal gyrus,and precentral gyrus,with the corresponding functional regions of the primary somatosensory cortex(SI),secondary somatosensory cortex(SII),primary motor cortex(MI),and secondary motor cortex(MII),were involved with the perceptions of fabric textures.The fiber properties and fabric surface structures that caused the multidimensional feelings tended to induce the large area,intensity,and percent signal change(PSC)of brain activity.This study is meaning for evaluating the tactile stimulation of textile fabrics and understanding the cognitive mechanism in the tactile perception of textile fabrics.
文摘Traumatic brain injury（TBI）remains one of the leading causes of disability and death in infants and children.Studies have demonstrated that the youngest age group（especially≤4 years old）exhibit worse functional outcome following moderate to severe TBI compared to older children or adults（Anderson et al.,2005;Emami et al.,2017）.These data suggest that age-at-injury may be an important determinant of outcome,
基金supported by Defence Innovative Research Program(DIRP)Grant(PA No.9015102335)from Defence Research&Technology Office,Ministry of Defence,Singapore。
文摘Background:Excessive heat exposure can lead to hyperthermia in humans,which impairs physical performance and disrupts cognitive function.While heat is a known physiological stressor,it is unclear how severe heat stress affects brain physiology and function.Methods:Eleven healthy participants were subjected to heat stress from prolonged exercise or warm water immersion until their rectal temperatures(T_(re))attained 39.5℃,inducing exertional or passive hyperthermia,respectively.In a separate trial,blended ice was ingested before and during exercise as a cooling strategy.Data were compared to a control condition with seated rest(normothermic).Brain temperature(T_(br)),cerebral perfusion,and task-based brain activity were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging techniques.Results:T_(br)in motor cortex was found to be tightly regulated at rest(37.3℃±0.4℃(mean±SD))despite fluctuations in T_(re).With the development of hyperthermia,T_(br)increases and dovetails with the rising T_(re).Bilateral motor cortical activity was suppressed during high-intensity plantarflexion tasks,implying a reduced central motor drive in hyperthermic participants(T_(re)=38.5℃±0.1℃).Global gray matter perfusion and regional perfusion in sensorimotor cortex were reduced with passive hyperthermia.Executive function was poorer under a passive hyperthermic state,and this could relate to compromised visual processing as indicated by the reduced activation of left lateral-occipital cortex.Conversely,ingestion of blended ice before and during exercise alleviated the rise in both T_(re)and T_(bc)and mitigated heat-related neural perturbations.Conclusion:Severe heat exposure elevates T_(br),disrupts motor cortical activity and executive function,and this can lead to impairment of physical and cognitive performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31070758,31271060the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing in China,No.cstc2013jcyj A10085
文摘Visual cortical prostheses have the potential to restore partial vision. Still limited by the low-resolution visual percepts provided by visual cortical prostheses, implant wearers can currently only ＂see＂ pixelized images, and how to obtain the specific brain responses to different pixelized images in the primary visual cortex（the implant area） is still unknown. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment on normal human participants to investigate the brain activation patterns in response to 18 different pixelized images. There were 100 voxels in the brain activation pattern that were selected from the primary visual cortex, and voxel size was 4 mm × 4 mm × 4 mm. Multi-voxel pattern analysis was used to test if these 18 different brain activation patterns were specific. We chose a Linear Support Vector Machine（LSVM） as the classifier in this study. The results showed that the classification accuracies of different brain activation patterns were significantly above chance level, which suggests that the classifier can successfully distinguish the brain activation patterns. Our results suggest that the specific brain activation patterns to different pixelized images can be obtained in the primary visual cortex using a 4 mm × 4 mm × 4 mm voxel size and a 100-voxel pattern.
文摘The sensor area in the brain remains active during the wake-sleep transition. However, the behavioral mechanisms of sensor sensitivity involved in the transition from a state of wakefulness to a sleep state remain poorly understood. To detect sensitivity index （d） changes during the wake-sleep transition, the present study recorded response times of wakefulness versus wake-sleep transition in 14 healthy undergraduate volunteers. During wake-sleep transition testing, morphological changes in the time courses of behavior response revealed 2 typical phases （stages A and B）. In stage A, subject behavior responses exhibited temporal fluctuations, and all subjects displayed a high accuracy rate. In stage B, subjects did not exhibit behavioral responses. The sensitivity index d＇ during the wake-sleep transition （stage A） was significantly weaker than during wakefulness. Results demonstrated that at the behavioral level, sensation capacity for transfer information from the external world into the internal system significantly decreased during the transition to sleep.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31522028,71834002,31530031,81571056,31521063,and 61775139)the Youth Science and Technology Innovation Program,Beijing Brain Initiative of Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z181100001518003)+1 种基金the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning(CNLZD1503 and CNLZD1703)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘The human brain undergoes rapid development during childhood,with significant improvement in a wide spectrum of cognitive and affective functions.Mapping domain-and age-specific brain activity patterns has important implications for characterizing the development of children’s cognitive and affective functions.The current mainstay of brain templates is primarily derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and thus is not ideal for mapping children’s cognitive and affective brain development.By integrating task-dependent functional MRI data from a large sample of 250 children(aged 7 to 12)across multiple domains and the latest easy-to-use and transparent preprocessing workflow,we here created a set of age-specific brain functional activity maps across four domains:attention,executive function,emotion,and risky decision-making.Moreover,we developed a toolbox named Developmental Brain Functional Activity maps across multiple domains that enables researchers to visualize and download domain-and age-specific brain activity maps for various needs.This toolbox and maps have been released on the Neuroimaging Informatics Tools and Resources Clearinghouse website(http://www.nitrc.org/projects/dbfa).Our study provides domain-and age-specific brain activity maps for future developmental neuroimaging studies in both healthy and clinical populations.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes:Brain Effects and Multimodal Imaging Mechanism of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Patients with Disorder of Consciousness(No.CI2021A03305)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve nerve stimulation(ta VNS)on disorders of consciousness(DOC)patients with Coma Recovery Scale-Revised(CRS-R)and cerebral cortex activity by electroencephalogram(EEG)detection.METHODS:Randomized controlled methods were used to evaluate the clinical effect of ta VNS on patients with DOC.Twelve patients with initial CRS-R of 6-10 were randomly divided into the treatment group of ta VNS and control group of transcutaneous non-auricular vague nerve stimulation(tn VNS).According to clinical diagnosis,the treatment group was divided into vegetative state(VS)group and minimally conscious state(MCS)group.RESULTS:The energy of delta and beta bands is positively correlated with the brain activity of patients.ta VNS has different regulatory effects on patients with different conscious States.In ta VNS group,the energy of delta band in local brain regions changed significantly.Significant changes in brain connection activity were limited to local brain regions.While in patients with MCS in the ta VNS group,delta and beta band energy significantly changed in multiple brain regions and crossbrain connection activity also changed significantly.CONCLUSION:These findings suggest that ta VNS may be a related extra method for arousing patients’awakening by improving brain connection activity.And the effect is remarkable in MCS patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30600181)a Key Project of the Department of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province,China(2006C23030)
文摘Methylphenidate （MPH） is one of the most commonly used stimulants for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD）. Although several studies have evaluated the effects of MPH on human brain activation during specific cognitive tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）, few studies have focused on spontaneous brain activity. In the current study, we investigated the effect of MPH on the intra-regional synchronization of spontaneous brain activity during the resting state in 18 normal adult males. A handedness questionnaire and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale were applied before medication, and a resting-state fMRI scan was obtained 1 h after medication （20 mg MPH or placebo, order counterbalanced between participants）. We demonstrated that： （1） there were no significant differences in the performance of behavioral tasks between the MPH and placebo groups; （2） the left middle and superior temporal gyri had stronger MPH-related regional homogeneity （ReHo）; and （3） the left lingual gyrus had weaker MPH-related ReHo. Our findings showed that the ReHo in some brain areas changes with MPH compared to placebo in normal adults, even though there are no behavioral differences. This method can be applied to patients with mental illness who may be treated with MPH, and be used to compare the difference between patients taking MPH and normal participants, to help reveal the mechanism of how MPH works.
基金supported by a grant from Chongqing Science and Technology Commission of China,Nos.CSTC2018jxj1130009,cstc2019 jscx-msxmX0279(both to YH)the Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Research Fund from Chongqing Health Committee of China,No.2019ZY023315(to YH)
文摘Internet addiction is associated with an increased risk of suicidal behavior and can lead to brain dysfunction among adolescents.However,whether brain dysfunction occurs in adolescents with Internet addiction who attempt suicide remains unknown.This observational cross-sectional study enrolled 41 young Internet addicts,aged from 15 to 20 years,from the Department of Psychiatry,the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,China from January to May 2018.The participants included 21 individuals who attempted suicide and 20 individuals with Internet addiction without a suicidal attempt history.Brain images in the resting state were obtained by a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner.The results showed that activity in the gyrus frontalis inferior of the right pars triangularis and the right pars opercularis was significantly increased in the suicidal attempt group compared with the non-suicidal attempt group.In the resting state,the prefrontal lobe of adolescents who had attempted suicide because of Internet addiction exhibited functional abnormalities,which may provide a new basis for studying suicide pathogenesis in Internet addicts.The study was authorized by the Ethics Committee of Chongqing Medical University,China(approval No.2017 Scientific Research Ethics(2017-157))on December 11,2017.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program), No. 2006CB504505,2012CB518504the Third Key Construction Program of"211 Project" of Guangdong Province
文摘We compared the activities of functional regions of the brain in the Deqi versus non-Deqi state, as reported by physicians and subjects cludng acupuncture, Twelve healthy volunteers received sham and true needling at the Waiguan （TE5） acupoint. Real-time cerebral functional MRI showed that compared with non-sensation after sham needling, true needling activated Brodmann areas 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 20, 21, 37, 39, 40, 43, and 47, the head of the caudate nucleus, the parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus and red nucleus. True needling also deactivated Brodmann areas 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9. 10. 18.24.31.40 and 46.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61876082,61861130366,6173-2006 and 61902183)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2018 YFC2001600,2018YFC 2001602)+1 种基金the Royal Society-Academy of Medical Sciences Newton Advanced Fellowship(No.NAF\R1\180371)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(No.2019M661831).
文摘One of the most significant challenges in the neuroscience community is to understand how the human brain works.Recent progress in neuroimaging techniques have validated that it is possible to decode a person′s thoughts,memories,and emotions via functional magnetic resonance imaging(i.e.,fMRI)since it can measure the neural activation of human brains with satisfied spatiotemporal resolutions.However,the unprecedented scale and complexity of the fMRI data have presented critical computational bottlenecks requiring new scientific analytic tools.Given the increasingly important role of machine learning in neuroscience,a great many machine learning algorithms are presented to analyze brain activities from the fMRI data.In this paper,we mainly provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of machine learning methods for analyzing neural activities with the following three aspects,i.e.,brain image functional alignment,brain activity pattern analysis,and visual stimuli reconstruction.In addition,online resources and open research problems on brain pattern analysis are also provided for the convenience of future research.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81660158 and No.81400372Natural Science Research Foundation of Jiangxi Province,No.20161ACB21017Medical Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,No.20181BBG70004 and No.20164017.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetes is a common chronic disease.Given the increasing incidence of diabetes,more individuals are affected by diabetic optic neuropathy(DON),which results in decreased vision.Whether DON leads to abnormalities of other visual systems,including the eye,the visual cortex,and other brain regions,remains unknown.AIM To investigate the local characteristics of spontaneous brain activity using regional homogeneity(ReHo)in patients with DON.METHODS We matched 22 patients with DON with 22 healthy controls(HCs).All subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.The ReHo technique was used to record spontaneous changes in brain activity.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were applied to differentiate between ReHo values for patients with DON and HCs.We also assessed the correlation between Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores and ReHo values in DON patients using Pearson correlation analysis.RESULTS ReHo values of the right middle frontal gyrus(RMFG),left anterior cingulate(LAC),and superior frontal gyrus(SFG)/left frontal superior orbital gyrus(LFSO)were significantly lower in DON patients compared to HCs.Among these,the greatest difference was observed in the RMFG.The result of the ROC curves suggest that ReHo values in altered brain regions may help diagnose DON,and the RMFG and LAC ReHo values are more clinically relevant than SFG/LFSO.We also found that anxiety and depression scores of the DON group were extremely negatively correlated with the LAC ReHo values(r=-0.9336,P<0.0001 and r=-0.8453,P<0.0001,respectively).CONCLUSION Three different brain regions show ReHo changes in DON patients,and these changes could serve as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers to further guide the prevention and treatment of DON patients.
