Boundary recognition is an important research of natural language processing, and it provides a basis for the application of Chinese word segmentation, chunk analysis, named entity recognition, etc. Based on ambiguity...Boundary recognition is an important research of natural language processing, and it provides a basis for the application of Chinese word segmentation, chunk analysis, named entity recognition, etc. Based on ambiguity in boundary recognition of Chinese punctuation marks, this paper proposes grammar testing methods for boundary recognition of slight-pause marks and then calculates the annotation consistency of these methods. The statistical results show that grammar testing methods can greatly improve the annotation consistency of slight-pause marks boundary recognition. The consistency during the second time is 0.030 3 higher than during the first, which will help guarantee the consistency of large-scale corpus annotation and improve the quality of corpus annotation.展开更多
In this paper, the new organization for unit testing embedding pair-wise mode is proposed with the core thought focused on the cooperation of programmer and tester by “cross-testing”. The typical content of unit tes...In this paper, the new organization for unit testing embedding pair-wise mode is proposed with the core thought focused on the cooperation of programmer and tester by “cross-testing”. The typical content of unit testing for the new organizing mode should have three aspects, including self-checking, cross-testing and independent-testing. For cross-testing, executing “pair-wise” mode, mainly tackles data testing, function testing and state testing, which function testing must be done by details and state testing must be considered for completeness. With the specializing of independent-testing, it should be taken as more rigid testing without arbitrariness. Consequently, strategy and measure are addressed for data testing focusing on boundary testing and function/state testing. And organizing method of procedure and key points of tackling unit testing are investigated for the new organizing mode. In order to assess the validity of our study and approach, a series of actual examples are demonstrated for GUI software. The result indicates that the execution of unit testing for the new organizing mode is effective and applicable.展开更多
There exist some controversies over the larger zoogeographic divisions of the arid areas of Central Asia, whose characteristics include complex ecological environments, complex fauna origins and unique patterns of ani...There exist some controversies over the larger zoogeographic divisions of the arid areas of Central Asia, whose characteristics include complex ecological environments, complex fauna origins and unique patterns of animal distribution. The aim of this study was to determine, using quantitative analysis, the distribution patterns of amphibians and reptiles in the arid areas of Central Asia, whose various physiographical regions were divided into 17 Operative Geographical Units （OGUs）. Based on the presence or absence of 52 amphibian and reptile genera in the 17 OGUs, and by making use of the Czekanowski Similarity Index, the Baroni-Urbani and Buser＇s Similarity Index, and the strong and weak boundary test, we studied the biotic boundaries within these contested regions. In accordance with our results, the classification dendrogram was divided into two main branches. One branch is composed of the northern OGUs of the Altai Mountains which are a part of the Euro-Siberian Subrealm. The other branch includes all of the OGUs south of the Altai Mountains, which belong to the Central Asia Subrealm. There is a significantly weak biotic boundary （DW〉0, GW〉GS, P〈0.01） between the Euro-Siberian Subrealm and the Central Asia Subrealm that corre- sponded to the transitional zones. The boundary between the two subrealms runs along the Altai Mountains, the Sayan Mountains, the Hangai Mountains and the Mongolian Dagurr Mountains. The boundaries between the main branches in the Central Asia Subrealm are weak, reflecting the widespread existence of transitional zones in the arid areas of Central Asia. The Tianshan Mountains should be elevated to form its own separate region, ＂the Middle Asian Mountain Region＂, which, due to its special fauna and environment, would be classified at the same level as the Mongolia-Xinjiang Region. With the approach of creating a cluster analysis dendogram based upon the genera of amphibians and reptiles, the relationship of these higher level zoogeographical divisions was successfully resolved and the error of long-branch attraction was also avoided. With our clustering dendrogram as the foundation, the in- dependence test was applied to strong and weak boundaries, and this resolved the problem of where to attribute the transition areas and revealed as well the barrier effect that physical, geographic boundaries have upon amphibians and reptiles. The approach of combining genera clustering analysis with a statistical boundary test should be applicable not only to the distribution patterns of other animal groups, but also to delineating large-scale zoogeographical divisions.展开更多
Paper study the MAC layer security mechanism and data frame structure in ZigBee protocol, improve the algorithm for random Fuzzing test technology, and test method of attack fusion boundary, structure of Fuzzing and t...Paper study the MAC layer security mechanism and data frame structure in ZigBee protocol, improve the algorithm for random Fuzzing test technology, and test method of attack fusion boundary, structure of Fuzzing and the node clone, proposed a ZigBee routing protocol for the MAC layer security comprehensive detection algorithm. Fuzzing test show that the testing algorithm can not only greatly improve the test efficiency in Fuzzing, more than the structure of Fuzzing is increased by 50% in path coverage.展开更多
Wind pressure acting on building envelopes often demonstrates extreme peak values and high-frequency fluctuations,posing significant challenges for structural safety assessment.This study proposes a wind pressure time...Wind pressure acting on building envelopes often demonstrates extreme peak values and high-frequency fluctuations,posing significant challenges for structural safety assessment.This study proposes a wind pressure time series prediction framework,termed C-WGAN-timesplit,that combines consistency constraints,Wasserstein generative adversarial networks(WGAN),and a time-series cross-validation strategy.C-WGAN-timesplit predicts the full pressure field using data from sparse pressure taps through learning the mapping from subset sensors to the full pressure field.The performance of C-WGAN-timesplit was evaluated and compared against generative adversarial networks(GAN)and WGAN using boundary layer wind tunnel test pressure data.Results across multiple evaluation metrics confirm that C-WGAN-timesplit achieves superior predictive accuracy under various wind incidence angles.Comprehensive analyses were conducted across input data volume sensitivity and incidence angles through aerodynamic coefficients,pressure statistics,non-Gaussian characteristics,and local pressure time series.The proposed framework achieved accurate mean pressure prediction using only 1 tap(0.25%coverage),reliable fluctuation prediction with 20 taps(5%),and high-fidelity reconstruction of non-Gaussian pressure characteristics with 40 taps(10%).Furthermore,three representative taps exhibiting pronounced non-Gaussian behavior under typical incidence angles were used to assess time-series prediction performance.The model effectively captured fluctuation features under both 20-tap and 40-tap configurations,though some deviations remained in predicting rare extreme values.Overall,the proposed method provides a promising solution for wind load prediction on building surfaces,with future efforts needed to improve the representation of transient extreme events.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61373108)Humanities and Social Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(16YJCZH004)the Major Projects of the National Social Science Foundation of China(11&ZD189)
文摘Boundary recognition is an important research of natural language processing, and it provides a basis for the application of Chinese word segmentation, chunk analysis, named entity recognition, etc. Based on ambiguity in boundary recognition of Chinese punctuation marks, this paper proposes grammar testing methods for boundary recognition of slight-pause marks and then calculates the annotation consistency of these methods. The statistical results show that grammar testing methods can greatly improve the annotation consistency of slight-pause marks boundary recognition. The consistency during the second time is 0.030 3 higher than during the first, which will help guarantee the consistency of large-scale corpus annotation and improve the quality of corpus annotation.
文摘In this paper, the new organization for unit testing embedding pair-wise mode is proposed with the core thought focused on the cooperation of programmer and tester by “cross-testing”. The typical content of unit testing for the new organizing mode should have three aspects, including self-checking, cross-testing and independent-testing. For cross-testing, executing “pair-wise” mode, mainly tackles data testing, function testing and state testing, which function testing must be done by details and state testing must be considered for completeness. With the specializing of independent-testing, it should be taken as more rigid testing without arbitrariness. Consequently, strategy and measure are addressed for data testing focusing on boundary testing and function/state testing. And organizing method of procedure and key points of tackling unit testing are investigated for the new organizing mode. In order to assess the validity of our study and approach, a series of actual examples are demonstrated for GUI software. The result indicates that the execution of unit testing for the new organizing mode is effective and applicable.
基金supported by International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (2010DFA92720)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31260511, 30360014)
文摘There exist some controversies over the larger zoogeographic divisions of the arid areas of Central Asia, whose characteristics include complex ecological environments, complex fauna origins and unique patterns of animal distribution. The aim of this study was to determine, using quantitative analysis, the distribution patterns of amphibians and reptiles in the arid areas of Central Asia, whose various physiographical regions were divided into 17 Operative Geographical Units （OGUs）. Based on the presence or absence of 52 amphibian and reptile genera in the 17 OGUs, and by making use of the Czekanowski Similarity Index, the Baroni-Urbani and Buser＇s Similarity Index, and the strong and weak boundary test, we studied the biotic boundaries within these contested regions. In accordance with our results, the classification dendrogram was divided into two main branches. One branch is composed of the northern OGUs of the Altai Mountains which are a part of the Euro-Siberian Subrealm. The other branch includes all of the OGUs south of the Altai Mountains, which belong to the Central Asia Subrealm. There is a significantly weak biotic boundary （DW〉0, GW〉GS, P〈0.01） between the Euro-Siberian Subrealm and the Central Asia Subrealm that corre- sponded to the transitional zones. The boundary between the two subrealms runs along the Altai Mountains, the Sayan Mountains, the Hangai Mountains and the Mongolian Dagurr Mountains. The boundaries between the main branches in the Central Asia Subrealm are weak, reflecting the widespread existence of transitional zones in the arid areas of Central Asia. The Tianshan Mountains should be elevated to form its own separate region, ＂the Middle Asian Mountain Region＂, which, due to its special fauna and environment, would be classified at the same level as the Mongolia-Xinjiang Region. With the approach of creating a cluster analysis dendogram based upon the genera of amphibians and reptiles, the relationship of these higher level zoogeographical divisions was successfully resolved and the error of long-branch attraction was also avoided. With our clustering dendrogram as the foundation, the in- dependence test was applied to strong and weak boundaries, and this resolved the problem of where to attribute the transition areas and revealed as well the barrier effect that physical, geographic boundaries have upon amphibians and reptiles. The approach of combining genera clustering analysis with a statistical boundary test should be applicable not only to the distribution patterns of other animal groups, but also to delineating large-scale zoogeographical divisions.
文摘Paper study the MAC layer security mechanism and data frame structure in ZigBee protocol, improve the algorithm for random Fuzzing test technology, and test method of attack fusion boundary, structure of Fuzzing and the node clone, proposed a ZigBee routing protocol for the MAC layer security comprehensive detection algorithm. Fuzzing test show that the testing algorithm can not only greatly improve the test efficiency in Fuzzing, more than the structure of Fuzzing is increased by 50% in path coverage.
基金the open funding of the Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Wind Resistant Technology for Bridge Structures(KLWRTBMC24-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52008239,52478534,51978392)Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology,China(2023Y0040).
文摘Wind pressure acting on building envelopes often demonstrates extreme peak values and high-frequency fluctuations,posing significant challenges for structural safety assessment.This study proposes a wind pressure time series prediction framework,termed C-WGAN-timesplit,that combines consistency constraints,Wasserstein generative adversarial networks(WGAN),and a time-series cross-validation strategy.C-WGAN-timesplit predicts the full pressure field using data from sparse pressure taps through learning the mapping from subset sensors to the full pressure field.The performance of C-WGAN-timesplit was evaluated and compared against generative adversarial networks(GAN)and WGAN using boundary layer wind tunnel test pressure data.Results across multiple evaluation metrics confirm that C-WGAN-timesplit achieves superior predictive accuracy under various wind incidence angles.Comprehensive analyses were conducted across input data volume sensitivity and incidence angles through aerodynamic coefficients,pressure statistics,non-Gaussian characteristics,and local pressure time series.The proposed framework achieved accurate mean pressure prediction using only 1 tap(0.25%coverage),reliable fluctuation prediction with 20 taps(5%),and high-fidelity reconstruction of non-Gaussian pressure characteristics with 40 taps(10%).Furthermore,three representative taps exhibiting pronounced non-Gaussian behavior under typical incidence angles were used to assess time-series prediction performance.The model effectively captured fluctuation features under both 20-tap and 40-tap configurations,though some deviations remained in predicting rare extreme values.Overall,the proposed method provides a promising solution for wind load prediction on building surfaces,with future efforts needed to improve the representation of transient extreme events.
