Solar-driven water splitting for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is considered a highly promising and costeffective solution to achieve a stable renewable energy supply.However,the sluggish kinetics of electron-hole...Solar-driven water splitting for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is considered a highly promising and costeffective solution to achieve a stable renewable energy supply.However,the sluggish kinetics of electron-hole pairs’separation poses challenges in attaining satisfactory hydrogen production efficiency.Herein,we synthesized the exceptional performance of highly crystalline C_(3)N_(5)(HC–C_(3)N_(5))nanosheet as a photocatalyst,demonstrating a remarkable hydrogen evolution rate of 3.01 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1),which surpasses that of bulk C_(3)N_(5)(B–C_(3)N_(5))by a factor of 3.27.Experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that HC-C_(3)N_(5)nanosheets exhibit intriguing macroscopic photoinduced color changes,effectively broadening the absorption spectrum and significantly enhancing the generation of excitons.Besides,the cyano groups in HC-C_(3)N_(5)efficiently captures and converts photoexcited electrons into bound states,thereby prolonging their lifetimes and effectively separating electrons and holes into catalytically active regions.This research provides valuable insights into the establishment of bound electronic states for developing efficient photocatalysts.展开更多
Under investigation in this paper is a complex modified Korteweg–de Vries(KdV) equation, which describes the propagation of short pulses in optical fibers. Bilinear forms and multi-soliton solutions are obtained thro...Under investigation in this paper is a complex modified Korteweg–de Vries(KdV) equation, which describes the propagation of short pulses in optical fibers. Bilinear forms and multi-soliton solutions are obtained through the Hirota method and symbolic computation. Breather-like and bound-state solitons are constructed in which the signs of the imaginary parts of the complex wave numbers and the initial separations of the two parallel solitons are important factors for the interaction patterns. The periodic structures and position-induced phase shift of some solutions are introduced.展开更多
We investigate the bound-state equations(BSEs)in two-dimensional QCD in the N_(c)→∞limit,viewed from both the infinite momentum frame(IMF)and the finite momentum frame(FMF).The BSE of a meson in the original't H...We investigate the bound-state equations(BSEs)in two-dimensional QCD in the N_(c)→∞limit,viewed from both the infinite momentum frame(IMF)and the finite momentum frame(FMF).The BSE of a meson in the original't Hooft model,viz.,spinor QCD_(2) containing only fermionc quarks,has been extensively studied in literature.In this work,we focus on the BSEs pertaining to two types of"exotic"hadrons,a"tetraquark"which is composed of a bosonic quark and bosonic antiquark,and a"baryon"which is composed of a bosonic antiquark and a fermionic quark.Utilizing the Hamiltonian approach,we derive the corresponding BSEs for both types of"exotic"hadrons,from the perspectives of the light-front and equal-time quantization,and confirm the known results.The recently available BSEs for"tetraquark"in FMF has also been recovered with the aid of the diagrammatic approach.For the first time we also present the BSEs of a"baryon"in FMF in the extended't Hooft model.By solving various BSEs numerically,we obtain the mass spectra pertaining to"tetraquark"and"baryon"and the corresponding boundstate wave functions of the lowest-lying states.It is numerically demonstrated that,when a"tetraquark"or"baryon'is continuously boosted,the forward-moving component of the bound-state wave function approaches the corresponding light-cone wave function,while the backward-moving component fades away.展开更多
The measurement of the bound-state decay of^(205)Tl at the Experimental Storage Ring(ESR)at GSI,Darmstadt,has recently been reported,with substantial impact on the use of^(205)Pb as an early Solar System chronometer a...The measurement of the bound-state decay of^(205)Tl at the Experimental Storage Ring(ESR)at GSI,Darmstadt,has recently been reported,with substantial impact on the use of^(205)Pb as an early Solar System chronometer and on the low-energy measurement of the solar neutrino spectrum via the LOREX project.Owing to the technical challenges in producing a high-purity^(205)T^(l81+)secondary beam,a robust statistical method was developed to estimate the variation in the contaminant^(205)Pb^(81+)produced in the fragmentation reaction,which was subsequently transmitted and stored in the ESR.Here,we show that Bayesian and Monte Carlo methods produce comparable estimates for the contaminant variation,each with unique advantages and challenges given the complex statistical problems for this experiment.We recommend the adoption of such methods in future experiments that exhibit unknown statistical fluctuations.展开更多
传统THz器件长期受限于衍射极限导致的辐射损耗,其品质因子(Q因子)普遍低于10~5,严重制约了通信与传感性能。针对这一技术瓶颈,本研究基于拓扑光子学理论,设计了一种具有C6v对称性的硅基超表面,在THz频段实现了拓扑保护的高Q因子谐振。...传统THz器件长期受限于衍射极限导致的辐射损耗,其品质因子(Q因子)普遍低于10~5,严重制约了通信与传感性能。针对这一技术瓶颈,本研究基于拓扑光子学理论,设计了一种具有C6v对称性的硅基超表面,在THz频段实现了拓扑保护的高Q因子谐振。通过构建三角形晶格光子晶体平板,在晶胞内引入圆柱型蚀刻孔实现对称性保护,并采用理想磁导体边界条件分离TE模式,将连续域束缚态(bound states in the continuum,BIC)的拓扑保护机制引入THz频段。结果显示,Γ点处Q因子达到1010量级,且BIC位于远场辐射的偏振涡旋中心,验证了BIC机制及其拓扑特性,仿真结果良好。最终实现的Q因子较传统器件提升了多个数量级,且拓扑保护机制可以显著抑制加工缺陷与环境扰动对谐振性能的影响,为低损耗通信器件、光学可编程技术与量子光源设计提供了新范式。展开更多
为了解决连续谱中束缚态空间响应带宽偏小的技术难题,本文设计了一种简单的光子晶体平板,并进行能带的计算和模式Q因子分析.通过结构参数的优化,在k空间发现一种正方形环状的且边长可调节的准连续谱中束缚态(bound state in the continu...为了解决连续谱中束缚态空间响应带宽偏小的技术难题,本文设计了一种简单的光子晶体平板,并进行能带的计算和模式Q因子分析.通过结构参数的优化,在k空间发现一种正方形环状的且边长可调节的准连续谱中束缚态(bound state in the continuum, BIC)分布.分析准BIC环与等频线的关系以及模场分布的特征发现,这种正方形环状的准BIC来自结构的全内反射和驻波干涉效应.分别通过入射角度和频率扫描计算结构的透射谱,得到了高Q因子的法诺共振谱线,进而验证了环状准BIC的存在.展开更多
In this work,we investigate the thermodynamic variables of a harmonic oscillator in a conical geometry metric.Moreover,we introduce an external field in the form of a Wu-Yang magnetic monopole(WYMM)and an inverse squa...In this work,we investigate the thermodynamic variables of a harmonic oscillator in a conical geometry metric.Moreover,we introduce an external field in the form of a Wu-Yang magnetic monopole(WYMM)and an inverse square potential into the system and analyze the results.Using an analytical approach,we obtain the energy level and study the thermodynamics at finite temperature.Our findings demonstrate that thermodynamic variables,except for the specific heat and entropy,are influenced by the topological parameters,the strength of the WYMM,and the inverse square potential.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22006057,21906072 and 21908115)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(China)(SJCX23_2197)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China(LY20E080014).
文摘Solar-driven water splitting for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is considered a highly promising and costeffective solution to achieve a stable renewable energy supply.However,the sluggish kinetics of electron-hole pairs’separation poses challenges in attaining satisfactory hydrogen production efficiency.Herein,we synthesized the exceptional performance of highly crystalline C_(3)N_(5)(HC–C_(3)N_(5))nanosheet as a photocatalyst,demonstrating a remarkable hydrogen evolution rate of 3.01 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1),which surpasses that of bulk C_(3)N_(5)(B–C_(3)N_(5))by a factor of 3.27.Experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that HC-C_(3)N_(5)nanosheets exhibit intriguing macroscopic photoinduced color changes,effectively broadening the absorption spectrum and significantly enhancing the generation of excitons.Besides,the cyano groups in HC-C_(3)N_(5)efficiently captures and converts photoexcited electrons into bound states,thereby prolonging their lifetimes and effectively separating electrons and holes into catalytically active regions.This research provides valuable insights into the establishment of bound electronic states for developing efficient photocatalysts.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12161061)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics (Grant No. NCYWT23036)+2 种基金the Young Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talents of the Inner Mongolia Grassland Talents Project in 2022,Autonomous Region “Five Major Tasks” Research Special Project for the Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics in 2024 (Grant No. NCXWD2422)High Quality Research Achievement Cultivation Fund for the Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics in 2024 (Grant No. GZCG2426)the Talent Development Fund of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China。
文摘Under investigation in this paper is a complex modified Korteweg–de Vries(KdV) equation, which describes the propagation of short pulses in optical fibers. Bilinear forms and multi-soliton solutions are obtained through the Hirota method and symbolic computation. Breather-like and bound-state solitons are constructed in which the signs of the imaginary parts of the complex wave numbers and the initial separations of the two parallel solitons are important factors for the interaction patterns. The periodic structures and position-induced phase shift of some solutions are introduced.
基金Supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China(12475090,11925506,12435004)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong province(ZR2022ZD26)The work of Zhewen Mo is also supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12347145,12347105)。
文摘We investigate the bound-state equations(BSEs)in two-dimensional QCD in the N_(c)→∞limit,viewed from both the infinite momentum frame(IMF)and the finite momentum frame(FMF).The BSE of a meson in the original't Hooft model,viz.,spinor QCD_(2) containing only fermionc quarks,has been extensively studied in literature.In this work,we focus on the BSEs pertaining to two types of"exotic"hadrons,a"tetraquark"which is composed of a bosonic quark and bosonic antiquark,and a"baryon"which is composed of a bosonic antiquark and a fermionic quark.Utilizing the Hamiltonian approach,we derive the corresponding BSEs for both types of"exotic"hadrons,from the perspectives of the light-front and equal-time quantization,and confirm the known results.The recently available BSEs for"tetraquark"in FMF has also been recovered with the aid of the diagrammatic approach.For the first time we also present the BSEs of a"baryon"in FMF in the extended't Hooft model.By solving various BSEs numerically,we obtain the mass spectra pertaining to"tetraquark"and"baryon"and the corresponding boundstate wave functions of the lowest-lying states.It is numerically demonstrated that,when a"tetraquark"or"baryon'is continuously boosted,the forward-moving component of the bound-state wave function approaches the corresponding light-cone wave function,while the backward-moving component fades away.
基金funding from the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme(Grant Agreement No.682841"ASTRUm"and No.654002"ENSAR2")The research of G.Leckenby,I.Dillmann,and C.Griffin was funded by the Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)via the grant SAPIN-2019-00030+1 种基金J.Glorius,M.S.Sanjari,Yu.A.Litvinov and C.Brandau acknowledge support by the State of Hesse within the Research Cluster ELEMENTS(Project ID 500/10.006)E.Menz and Yu.A.Litvinov acknowledge support by the project"NRW-FAIR",a part of the programme"Netzwerke 2021",an initiative of the Ministry of Culture and Science of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia.R.Gernhäuser acknowledges support by the Excellence Cluster ORIGINS from the German Research Foundation DFG(Excellence Strategy EXC-2094-390783311)。
文摘The measurement of the bound-state decay of^(205)Tl at the Experimental Storage Ring(ESR)at GSI,Darmstadt,has recently been reported,with substantial impact on the use of^(205)Pb as an early Solar System chronometer and on the low-energy measurement of the solar neutrino spectrum via the LOREX project.Owing to the technical challenges in producing a high-purity^(205)T^(l81+)secondary beam,a robust statistical method was developed to estimate the variation in the contaminant^(205)Pb^(81+)produced in the fragmentation reaction,which was subsequently transmitted and stored in the ESR.Here,we show that Bayesian and Monte Carlo methods produce comparable estimates for the contaminant variation,each with unique advantages and challenges given the complex statistical problems for this experiment.We recommend the adoption of such methods in future experiments that exhibit unknown statistical fluctuations.
文摘传统THz器件长期受限于衍射极限导致的辐射损耗,其品质因子(Q因子)普遍低于10~5,严重制约了通信与传感性能。针对这一技术瓶颈,本研究基于拓扑光子学理论,设计了一种具有C6v对称性的硅基超表面,在THz频段实现了拓扑保护的高Q因子谐振。通过构建三角形晶格光子晶体平板,在晶胞内引入圆柱型蚀刻孔实现对称性保护,并采用理想磁导体边界条件分离TE模式,将连续域束缚态(bound states in the continuum,BIC)的拓扑保护机制引入THz频段。结果显示,Γ点处Q因子达到1010量级,且BIC位于远场辐射的偏振涡旋中心,验证了BIC机制及其拓扑特性,仿真结果良好。最终实现的Q因子较传统器件提升了多个数量级,且拓扑保护机制可以显著抑制加工缺陷与环境扰动对谐振性能的影响,为低损耗通信器件、光学可编程技术与量子光源设计提供了新范式。
文摘为了解决连续谱中束缚态空间响应带宽偏小的技术难题,本文设计了一种简单的光子晶体平板,并进行能带的计算和模式Q因子分析.通过结构参数的优化,在k空间发现一种正方形环状的且边长可调节的准连续谱中束缚态(bound state in the continuum, BIC)分布.分析准BIC环与等频线的关系以及模场分布的特征发现,这种正方形环状的准BIC来自结构的全内反射和驻波干涉效应.分别通过入射角度和频率扫描计算结构的透射谱,得到了高Q因子的法诺共振谱线,进而验证了环状准BIC的存在.
文摘In this work,we investigate the thermodynamic variables of a harmonic oscillator in a conical geometry metric.Moreover,we introduce an external field in the form of a Wu-Yang magnetic monopole(WYMM)and an inverse square potential into the system and analyze the results.Using an analytical approach,we obtain the energy level and study the thermodynamics at finite temperature.Our findings demonstrate that thermodynamic variables,except for the specific heat and entropy,are influenced by the topological parameters,the strength of the WYMM,and the inverse square potential.
