Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized that universities should address fundamental issues such as what kind of people does education cultivate.A ...Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized that universities should address fundamental issues such as what kind of people does education cultivate.A series of documents also emphasize the comprehensive integration of curriculum ideological and political education into the teaching of higher education majors.As an important practical teaching link of biology and related undergraduate majors,field practice of zoology and botany provides an opportunity for curriculum ideological and political integration.This paper analyzed the teaching cases of field practice of zoology and botany in universities in China,and explored curriculum ideological and political elements,including patriotism education,cultivation of sustainable development and ecological civilization consciousness,cultivation of scientific spirit and innovation consciousness,cultivation of unity and cooperation spirit,cultivation of hard work spirit through labor education,life education,cultivation of safety consciousness and cultivation of humanistic quality.Furthermore,this paper expounded the important role of field practice in improving students comprehensive quality,and put forward that we should pay attention to ideological and political construction of field practice of zoology and botany in the future,and make contributions to the cause of higher education and ecological civilization construction in China.展开更多
Structural botany, being derived from plant anatomy, has been considered as an important branch of botany, both in concept and practice. In this paper, a review concerning the evolutionary trends of development from p...Structural botany, being derived from plant anatomy, has been considered as an important branch of botany, both in concept and practice. In this paper, a review concerning the evolutionary trends of development from plant developmental anatomy to plant developmental biology, plant comparative anatomy to plant systematic biology and plant ecological anatomy to plant environmental biology during the past 50 years in China is addressed and their potential development and usefulness in the near future were largely discussed.展开更多
Rubus chingii Hu, a member of the rosaceae family, is extensively distributed in China and Japan. Its unripe fruits(Fupenzi in Chinese) have a long history of use as an herbal tonic in traditional Chinese medicine for...Rubus chingii Hu, a member of the rosaceae family, is extensively distributed in China and Japan. Its unripe fruits(Fupenzi in Chinese) have a long history of use as an herbal tonic in traditional Chinese medicine for treating various diseases commonly associated with kidney deficiency, and they are still in use today. Phytochemical investigations on the fruits and leaves of R. chingii indicate the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, phenolics, and organic acids. Extracts or active substances from this plant are reported to have various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antifungal, antithrombotic, antiosteoporotic, hypoglycemic, and central nervous system-regulating effects. This review provides up-to-date information on the botanical characterizations, traditional usages, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, toxicity,and quality control of R. chingii. Possible directions for future research are also briefly proposed. This review aims to supply fundamental data for the further study of R. chingii and contribute to the development of its clinical use.展开更多
The shrub Microcos paniulata(MPL;Tiliaceae), distributed in south China, south and southeast Asia, yields a phytomedicine used to treat heat stroke, fever, dyspepsia, diarrhea, insect bites and jaundice. Phytochemical...The shrub Microcos paniulata(MPL;Tiliaceae), distributed in south China, south and southeast Asia, yields a phytomedicine used to treat heat stroke, fever, dyspepsia, diarrhea, insect bites and jaundice. Phytochemical investigations on different parts of MPL indicate the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids and organic acids. The MPL leaves, fruits, barks and roots extracts showed antidiarrheal, antimicrobial and insecticidal, anti-inflammation, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular protective, blood lipids reducing, analgesic, jaundice-relieving and antipyretic activities, etc. The review aims to summary the traditional uses, botany,phytochemistry, pharmacological bioactivity, quality control, toxicology and potential mechanisms of MPL. Additionally, this review will highlight the existing research gaps in knowledge and provide a foundation for further investigations on this plant.展开更多
The present review is intended to provide information on botany,ethnomedicinal uses,phytochemistry and biological activities of various parts of Euphorbia neriifolia(E. neriifolia). E. neriifolia has several ethnomedi...The present review is intended to provide information on botany,ethnomedicinal uses,phytochemistry and biological activities of various parts of Euphorbia neriifolia(E. neriifolia). E. neriifolia has several ethnomedicinal uses. The latex of E. neriifolia is used as laxative,purgative,rubefacient,carminative and expectorant as well as in treatment of whooping cough,gonorrhea,leprosy,asthma,dyspepsia,jaundice,enlargement of the spleen,tumors,stone in the bladder,abdominal troubles and leucoderma. Leaves are brittle,heating,carminative,and good for improving the appetite and treatment of tumors,pains,inflammations,abdominal swellings and bronchial infections. Roots are used as symptomatic treatment of snake bite,scorpion sting and antispasmodic. Various plant parts or whole E. neriifolia extract and its isolates have been reported scientifically using various in-vivo and in-vitro experimental methods for anaesthetic,analgesic,anti-anxiety,anti-convulsant,anti-psychotic,anti-arthritis,anti-carcinogenic,antidiabetic,anti-diarrhoeal,anti-inflammatory,anti-thrombotic,antimicrobial,antioxidant,antiulcer,cytotoxic,death-receptor expression enhancing,dermal irritation,diuretic,hemolytic,immunomodulatory,radioprotective,scorpion venom and wound healing properties. It is reported to have chemical constituents like,neriifolin-S,neriifolin,neriifoliene,euphol,neriifolione,cycloartenol,nerifoliol,lectin,euphonerins A–G,3-O-acetyl-8-O-tigloylingol,taraxerol,antiquorin,etc. Identified chemical constituents are still required to be explored for their advanced isolation techniques and biological activities.展开更多
Huang Jing (黄精 Polygonati Rhizoma, PR) was first documented as a herbal medicine in Ming Yi Bie Lu (《名医别录》 Miscellaneous Records of Famous Physicians) in China. However, there was no comprehensive review on th...Huang Jing (黄精 Polygonati Rhizoma, PR) was first documented as a herbal medicine in Ming Yi Bie Lu (《名医别录》 Miscellaneous Records of Famous Physicians) in China. However, there was no comprehensive review on the botany, traditional uses, and pharmacological effects of PR till now. In this study, the botany, traditional uses including Taoist medicine, and pharmacological effects of PR were reviewed and summarized to provide insights on drug development of PR. In Taoist medicine, PR maintains agerasia and helps prolong human life-span, and is used for fasting (Bigu). In the Zhong Guo Yao Dian (《中国药典》Chinese Pharmacopeia) version 2020, PR exerts replenishing qi and nourishing yin, invigorating the spleen, moistening the lung, and strengthening the kidney. Pharmacological studies show that PR has effects of anti-oxidation, anti-diabetes, anti-osteoporosis, anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemia, cardiomyocyte protection, immunomodulatory, and thus can be used for treatment of infertility, anti-microorganisms, and improving sleep and memory. In conclusion, PR may play a potential role for chronic disease management and health preservation and this very role deserves a more in-depth research.展开更多
Ideological and political education is an important direction of curriculum reform,which aims to explore the organic combination of ideological and political elements and professional knowledge in the teaching process...Ideological and political education is an important direction of curriculum reform,which aims to explore the organic combination of ideological and political elements and professional knowledge in the teaching process of professional courses,and enhance the guidance of students’ideological education while teaching knowledge.Botany experiments are an important part of the botany courses in agricultural and forestry colleges.This article takes the botany experimental courses as an example to explore the necessity,methods,and processes of implementing ideological and political education in the botany experimental courses,and to explore the practical teaching of botany experiments.The potential ideological and political elements existing in the course were excavated,and the results of integrating ideological and political education in the botany experimental course were summarized,which provided a guideline for the better implementation of ideological and political education in the botany experimental course.展开更多
In the present context of increasing social demands for natural science education,increasing people s awareness of environmental biodiversity protection,and ecological civilization lifting to the state strategy,it is ...In the present context of increasing social demands for natural science education,increasing people s awareness of environmental biodiversity protection,and ecological civilization lifting to the state strategy,it is just the time to explore a new botany field practice model.The attempt of a new task-driven model for botany field practice will greatly enhance students thinking about plants and nature,plants and environment,and plant and ecological civilization,and will inevitably enhance students initiative awareness and practical ability to protect and rationally utilize plant resources.展开更多
According to the developing trends of plant science and the traits of the division of botany,"attaching importance to the frontiers in botany,supporting weak subdisciplines,and paying attention to newly growing p...According to the developing trends of plant science and the traits of the division of botany,"attaching importance to the frontiers in botany,supporting weak subdisciplines,and paying attention to newly growing points"is picked up as the funding strategy of Division of Botany in NSFC.The budget and the number of projects funded have increased year after year in recent four years,and in 2004,the budget and the number of projects funded are twice of that in 2001.The paper presents principle adopted in recommending projects to be funded and briefly introduces the applications as well as a survey of fund.The list of programs funded by Division of Botany in 2004 is provided.展开更多
Structure botany is a fundamental course in biotechnology.In order to improve the quality of structure botany teaching,this paper studies on the teaching management of structure botany in classrooms,the teacher’s pas...Structure botany is a fundamental course in biotechnology.In order to improve the quality of structure botany teaching,this paper studies on the teaching management of structure botany in classrooms,the teacher’s passion for work,and the standardization in teaching,so as to mobilize students’enthusiasm and initiative for learning,to develop their imagination and the ability to analyze and solve problems,and finally optimize the teaching patterns in classrooms.The paper aims to optimize teaching methods based on the existing problems of classroom botany teaching with developing students’learning interest as its core,and as a result,to help students master effective methods of botany learning.展开更多
Botany is necessary in the teaching process.With the development of economy and society,a reform in this area become imperative.Quality-oriented education is an indispensable part of modern education.That’s why we sh...Botany is necessary in the teaching process.With the development of economy and society,a reform in this area become imperative.Quality-oriented education is an indispensable part of modern education.That’s why we should apply it to botany teaching as the direction of the reform.This paper aims to briefly introduce what is botany and the importance of qualityoriented education,then to propose strategies of carrying out the reform of quality-oriented education in botany teaching,providing references for the integration of botany and quality-oriented education.展开更多
Domain-specific ontologies are greatly useful in knowledge acquisition,sharing and analysis. In this paper, botany-specific ontology for acquiring and analyzing botanicalknowledge is presented. The ontology is represe...Domain-specific ontologies are greatly useful in knowledge acquisition,sharing and analysis. In this paper, botany-specific ontology for acquiring and analyzing botanicalknowledge is presented. The ontology is represented in a set of well-defined categories, and eachconcept is viewed as an instance of certain category. The authors also introduce botany-specificaxioms, an integral part of the ontology, for checking and reasoning with the acquired knowledge.Consistency, completeness and redundancy of the axioms are discussed.展开更多
The present paper briefly introduces information about proposals received and funded, statistics and analysis of evaluation of peer review, and supporting strategies and reforms in program reviewing and administration...The present paper briefly introduces information about proposals received and funded, statistics and analysis of evaluation of peer review, and supporting strategies and reforms in program reviewing and administration in the Division of Botany at the Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC） in 2005. A list of general programs and the abstract of key programs funded by this Division in 2005 are also provided.展开更多
Croton crassifolius (C. crassifolius) is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, with a history hundreds of years in China. By consulting Sciencedirect databases and Web of Science databases, 68 related articles were ...Croton crassifolius (C. crassifolius) is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, with a history hundreds of years in China. By consulting Sciencedirect databases and Web of Science databases, 68 related articles were found, 12 of which were related to chemical composition and pharmacological activity. It was used by the ancients as the medicine to treat stomach trouble, rheumatism, poliomyelitis and injuries, and it is the treasure of traditional Chinese medicine in China. With the development of modern medicine, the active ingredients and therapeutic mechanism of C. crassifolius have been gradually revealed. In this study, the functions and applications of C. crassifolius were reviewed from the aspects of botany, traditional Chinese medicine therapy and biotransformation of substances, so as to better understand and use C. crassifolius and provide more effective drug choices for clinical treatment.展开更多
The toxic effects of rare earth elements such as lanthanum, cerium and heavy metal elements such as chromium, zinc on Potamogeton malaianus Miq. were studied. The results show that the contents of chlorophyll and solu...The toxic effects of rare earth elements such as lanthanum, cerium and heavy metal elements such as chromium, zinc on Potamogeton malaianus Miq. were studied. The results show that the contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein increase to a certain degree and then decrease under La3+ Ce3+ Zn2+ stress, while there is a constantly dropping tendency under Cr6+ stress. The four ions have different effects on protective enzyme systems of Potamogeton malaianus. They can induce rises of the activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxides (POD) at lower concentration, however, with the increase of ions concentration, the activities decline. The change of SOD activity is exactly opposite to that of CAT and POD activity. It falls at first and rises later. An increasing tendency of MDA content appears with the increasing concentration. The toxicities of La3+, Zn2+, Ce3+ and Cr6+ become more serious in the order. The lethal concentration of Cr6+ to Potamogeton malaianus ranges from 0.5 to I mg(-1) that of Ce3+ and Zn2+ ranges from 3 to 5 mg(-1) and that of La3+ ranges from 7 to 10 mg(.)L(-1). The toxic mechanism of La3 + and Ce3+ is similar to that of Cr6+ and Zn2+.展开更多
Agricultural application of rare earth (RE) has been generalized for several decades, and it is involved in crops, vegetables and stock raising in China. However, all the researches on RE mainly focus on the fields su...Agricultural application of rare earth (RE) has been generalized for several decades, and it is involved in crops, vegetables and stock raising in China. However, all the researches on RE mainly focus on the fields such as plant physiological activity, physiological and biochemical mechanism, sanitation toxicology and environmental security. Plant protection by using RE and the induced resistance of plant against diseases were summarized. The mechanism of rare earth against plant disease is highlighted, which includes following two aspects. First, RE elements can control some phytopathogen directly and reduce its virulence to host plant. Another possibility is that RE elements can affect host plant and induce the plant to produce some resistance to disease.展开更多
The inhibition of lanthanum (La) to mycelial growth and three disease-related enzymes of Rhizoctonia solani were studied. The results showed that lanthanum inhibits the growth of Rhizoctonia solani strongly. EC_(50) a...The inhibition of lanthanum (La) to mycelial growth and three disease-related enzymes of Rhizoctonia solani were studied. The results showed that lanthanum inhibits the growth of Rhizoctonia solani strongly. EC_(50) and EC_(95) of La were 171.9 and 667.7 mg·L^(-1) measured in solid culture media respectively, while 111.4 and 500.7 mg·L^(-1) measured in liquid culture media respectively. Lanthanum also has activating effects on disease-related enzymes of the fungus such as pectinase, protease and cellulase. However, the quantity or the activity of the total enzymes decreases significantly because of the strong blockage of mycelial growth when the La_2O_3 concentration is over 50 mg·L^(-1), and the virulence of pathogen decreases as well.展开更多
The effect and the mechanism of action of lanthanum, cerium and neodymium on aged seeds of spinach were studied. By LaCl_3, CeCl_3, and NdCl_3 treatment, the germination rate, germination index and vigor index of aged...The effect and the mechanism of action of lanthanum, cerium and neodymium on aged seeds of spinach were studied. By LaCl_3, CeCl_3, and NdCl_3 treatment, the germination rate, germination index and vigor index of aged spinach seeds are increased and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase are enhanced. Moreover the ·O_2^- and malondialdehyde content are decreased and the cell membrane permeability of aged spinach seeds is reduced. Among these three rare earth elements, Ce treatment enhances vigor of aged seeds most significantly, that of Nd treatment secondly and La treatment is not as effective as the other two treatments. The reason may be from 4f electron characteristic and alternation valence of REEs.展开更多
The effect of Nd^(3+) on the photosynthesis and the growth of spinach was studied. The results show that Nd^(3+) improves the growth of spinach and increases chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate. UV-Vis spectru...The effect of Nd^(3+) on the photosynthesis and the growth of spinach was studied. The results show that Nd^(3+) improves the growth of spinach and increases chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate. UV-Vis spectrum indicates that the Soret band of chl-a in spinach with NdCl_3 treatment is blue shifted by 2 nm, and the Q band is red shifted by 1 nm, and the ratio of Soret band intensity and Q band intensity increases. FT-IR spectra show that the peak of porphyrin ring in chl-a of spinach with NdCl_3 treatment is widened, suggesting that the formation of Nd^(3+)-chl-a. Treated by NdCl_3, the fluorescence emission peak of PSⅡ in spinach leaves is blue shifted by 12 nm and the intensity declines obviously, indicating that Nd^(3+) is bound to the PSⅡ protein-pigment complex and the electron transfer rate increases.展开更多
基金Supported by Teaching and Research Project of Yangtze University(JY2022047).
文摘Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized that universities should address fundamental issues such as what kind of people does education cultivate.A series of documents also emphasize the comprehensive integration of curriculum ideological and political education into the teaching of higher education majors.As an important practical teaching link of biology and related undergraduate majors,field practice of zoology and botany provides an opportunity for curriculum ideological and political integration.This paper analyzed the teaching cases of field practice of zoology and botany in universities in China,and explored curriculum ideological and political elements,including patriotism education,cultivation of sustainable development and ecological civilization consciousness,cultivation of scientific spirit and innovation consciousness,cultivation of unity and cooperation spirit,cultivation of hard work spirit through labor education,life education,cultivation of safety consciousness and cultivation of humanistic quality.Furthermore,this paper expounded the important role of field practice in improving students comprehensive quality,and put forward that we should pay attention to ideological and political construction of field practice of zoology and botany in the future,and make contributions to the cause of higher education and ecological civilization construction in China.
文摘Structural botany, being derived from plant anatomy, has been considered as an important branch of botany, both in concept and practice. In this paper, a review concerning the evolutionary trends of development from plant developmental anatomy to plant developmental biology, plant comparative anatomy to plant systematic biology and plant ecological anatomy to plant environmental biology during the past 50 years in China is addressed and their potential development and usefulness in the near future were largely discussed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81803794)the Program for Excellent Talents in Zhejiang Chinese Medical University(No.112123A12201/001/004/019)。
文摘Rubus chingii Hu, a member of the rosaceae family, is extensively distributed in China and Japan. Its unripe fruits(Fupenzi in Chinese) have a long history of use as an herbal tonic in traditional Chinese medicine for treating various diseases commonly associated with kidney deficiency, and they are still in use today. Phytochemical investigations on the fruits and leaves of R. chingii indicate the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, phenolics, and organic acids. Extracts or active substances from this plant are reported to have various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antifungal, antithrombotic, antiosteoporotic, hypoglycemic, and central nervous system-regulating effects. This review provides up-to-date information on the botanical characterizations, traditional usages, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, toxicity,and quality control of R. chingii. Possible directions for future research are also briefly proposed. This review aims to supply fundamental data for the further study of R. chingii and contribute to the development of its clinical use.
基金supportted from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81673569)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC1701105)the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘The shrub Microcos paniulata(MPL;Tiliaceae), distributed in south China, south and southeast Asia, yields a phytomedicine used to treat heat stroke, fever, dyspepsia, diarrhea, insect bites and jaundice. Phytochemical investigations on different parts of MPL indicate the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids and organic acids. The MPL leaves, fruits, barks and roots extracts showed antidiarrheal, antimicrobial and insecticidal, anti-inflammation, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular protective, blood lipids reducing, analgesic, jaundice-relieving and antipyretic activities, etc. The review aims to summary the traditional uses, botany,phytochemistry, pharmacological bioactivity, quality control, toxicology and potential mechanisms of MPL. Additionally, this review will highlight the existing research gaps in knowledge and provide a foundation for further investigations on this plant.
文摘The present review is intended to provide information on botany,ethnomedicinal uses,phytochemistry and biological activities of various parts of Euphorbia neriifolia(E. neriifolia). E. neriifolia has several ethnomedicinal uses. The latex of E. neriifolia is used as laxative,purgative,rubefacient,carminative and expectorant as well as in treatment of whooping cough,gonorrhea,leprosy,asthma,dyspepsia,jaundice,enlargement of the spleen,tumors,stone in the bladder,abdominal troubles and leucoderma. Leaves are brittle,heating,carminative,and good for improving the appetite and treatment of tumors,pains,inflammations,abdominal swellings and bronchial infections. Roots are used as symptomatic treatment of snake bite,scorpion sting and antispasmodic. Various plant parts or whole E. neriifolia extract and its isolates have been reported scientifically using various in-vivo and in-vitro experimental methods for anaesthetic,analgesic,anti-anxiety,anti-convulsant,anti-psychotic,anti-arthritis,anti-carcinogenic,antidiabetic,anti-diarrhoeal,anti-inflammatory,anti-thrombotic,antimicrobial,antioxidant,antiulcer,cytotoxic,death-receptor expression enhancing,dermal irritation,diuretic,hemolytic,immunomodulatory,radioprotective,scorpion venom and wound healing properties. It is reported to have chemical constituents like,neriifolin-S,neriifolin,neriifoliene,euphol,neriifolione,cycloartenol,nerifoliol,lectin,euphonerins A–G,3-O-acetyl-8-O-tigloylingol,taraxerol,antiquorin,etc. Identified chemical constituents are still required to be explored for their advanced isolation techniques and biological activities.
基金The study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81874356)the Open Project of Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research from Hubei University of Medicine(Nos.WDCM2018002,WDCM201917,and WDCM201918)+1 种基金the Chinese Medicine Project of Health Commission of Hubei Province(No.ZY2021010)the Foundation for Innovative Research Team of Hubei University of Medicine(No.2018YHKT01).
文摘Huang Jing (黄精 Polygonati Rhizoma, PR) was first documented as a herbal medicine in Ming Yi Bie Lu (《名医别录》 Miscellaneous Records of Famous Physicians) in China. However, there was no comprehensive review on the botany, traditional uses, and pharmacological effects of PR till now. In this study, the botany, traditional uses including Taoist medicine, and pharmacological effects of PR were reviewed and summarized to provide insights on drug development of PR. In Taoist medicine, PR maintains agerasia and helps prolong human life-span, and is used for fasting (Bigu). In the Zhong Guo Yao Dian (《中国药典》Chinese Pharmacopeia) version 2020, PR exerts replenishing qi and nourishing yin, invigorating the spleen, moistening the lung, and strengthening the kidney. Pharmacological studies show that PR has effects of anti-oxidation, anti-diabetes, anti-osteoporosis, anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemia, cardiomyocyte protection, immunomodulatory, and thus can be used for treatment of infertility, anti-microorganisms, and improving sleep and memory. In conclusion, PR may play a potential role for chronic disease management and health preservation and this very role deserves a more in-depth research.
基金Guangxi Department of Education Education Reform Research Project General Category A Funding Project:Research and Practice of the“Micro Class+Flipped Classroom”Hybrid Teaching Model of Botany Experimental Courses in Agricultural and Forestry Colleges(Project number:2021JGA107)Research and Development of Ideological and Political Teaching of Plant Physiology Experimental Technology Courses Practice(Project number:2023JGB100)。
文摘Ideological and political education is an important direction of curriculum reform,which aims to explore the organic combination of ideological and political elements and professional knowledge in the teaching process of professional courses,and enhance the guidance of students’ideological education while teaching knowledge.Botany experiments are an important part of the botany courses in agricultural and forestry colleges.This article takes the botany experimental courses as an example to explore the necessity,methods,and processes of implementing ideological and political education in the botany experimental courses,and to explore the practical teaching of botany experiments.The potential ideological and political elements existing in the course were excavated,and the results of integrating ideological and political education in the botany experimental course were summarized,which provided a guideline for the better implementation of ideological and political education in the botany experimental course.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Reform of Teaching Model of Huanggang Normal University(2016CK06,2018CE42)
文摘In the present context of increasing social demands for natural science education,increasing people s awareness of environmental biodiversity protection,and ecological civilization lifting to the state strategy,it is just the time to explore a new botany field practice model.The attempt of a new task-driven model for botany field practice will greatly enhance students thinking about plants and nature,plants and environment,and plant and ecological civilization,and will inevitably enhance students initiative awareness and practical ability to protect and rationally utilize plant resources.
文摘According to the developing trends of plant science and the traits of the division of botany,"attaching importance to the frontiers in botany,supporting weak subdisciplines,and paying attention to newly growing points"is picked up as the funding strategy of Division of Botany in NSFC.The budget and the number of projects funded have increased year after year in recent four years,and in 2004,the budget and the number of projects funded are twice of that in 2001.The paper presents principle adopted in recommending projects to be funded and briefly introduces the applications as well as a survey of fund.The list of programs funded by Division of Botany in 2004 is provided.
文摘Structure botany is a fundamental course in biotechnology.In order to improve the quality of structure botany teaching,this paper studies on the teaching management of structure botany in classrooms,the teacher’s passion for work,and the standardization in teaching,so as to mobilize students’enthusiasm and initiative for learning,to develop their imagination and the ability to analyze and solve problems,and finally optimize the teaching patterns in classrooms.The paper aims to optimize teaching methods based on the existing problems of classroom botany teaching with developing students’learning interest as its core,and as a result,to help students master effective methods of botany learning.
文摘Botany is necessary in the teaching process.With the development of economy and society,a reform in this area become imperative.Quality-oriented education is an indispensable part of modern education.That’s why we should apply it to botany teaching as the direction of the reform.This paper aims to briefly introduce what is botany and the importance of qualityoriented education,then to propose strategies of carrying out the reform of quality-oriented education in botany teaching,providing references for the integration of botany and quality-oriented education.
文摘Domain-specific ontologies are greatly useful in knowledge acquisition,sharing and analysis. In this paper, botany-specific ontology for acquiring and analyzing botanicalknowledge is presented. The ontology is represented in a set of well-defined categories, and eachconcept is viewed as an instance of certain category. The authors also introduce botany-specificaxioms, an integral part of the ontology, for checking and reasoning with the acquired knowledge.Consistency, completeness and redundancy of the axioms are discussed.
文摘The present paper briefly introduces information about proposals received and funded, statistics and analysis of evaluation of peer review, and supporting strategies and reforms in program reviewing and administration in the Division of Botany at the Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC） in 2005. A list of general programs and the abstract of key programs funded by this Division in 2005 are also provided.
基金supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(81973284)Scientific Research Foundation of the Education Department of Liaoning Province(LJKZ0944).
文摘Croton crassifolius (C. crassifolius) is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, with a history hundreds of years in China. By consulting Sciencedirect databases and Web of Science databases, 68 related articles were found, 12 of which were related to chemical composition and pharmacological activity. It was used by the ancients as the medicine to treat stomach trouble, rheumatism, poliomyelitis and injuries, and it is the treasure of traditional Chinese medicine in China. With the development of modern medicine, the active ingredients and therapeutic mechanism of C. crassifolius have been gradually revealed. In this study, the functions and applications of C. crassifolius were reviewed from the aspects of botany, traditional Chinese medicine therapy and biotransformation of substances, so as to better understand and use C. crassifolius and provide more effective drug choices for clinical treatment.
文摘The toxic effects of rare earth elements such as lanthanum, cerium and heavy metal elements such as chromium, zinc on Potamogeton malaianus Miq. were studied. The results show that the contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein increase to a certain degree and then decrease under La3+ Ce3+ Zn2+ stress, while there is a constantly dropping tendency under Cr6+ stress. The four ions have different effects on protective enzyme systems of Potamogeton malaianus. They can induce rises of the activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxides (POD) at lower concentration, however, with the increase of ions concentration, the activities decline. The change of SOD activity is exactly opposite to that of CAT and POD activity. It falls at first and rises later. An increasing tendency of MDA content appears with the increasing concentration. The toxicities of La3+, Zn2+, Ce3+ and Cr6+ become more serious in the order. The lethal concentration of Cr6+ to Potamogeton malaianus ranges from 0.5 to I mg(-1) that of Ce3+ and Zn2+ ranges from 3 to 5 mg(-1) and that of La3+ ranges from 7 to 10 mg(.)L(-1). The toxic mechanism of La3 + and Ce3+ is similar to that of Cr6+ and Zn2+.
文摘Agricultural application of rare earth (RE) has been generalized for several decades, and it is involved in crops, vegetables and stock raising in China. However, all the researches on RE mainly focus on the fields such as plant physiological activity, physiological and biochemical mechanism, sanitation toxicology and environmental security. Plant protection by using RE and the induced resistance of plant against diseases were summarized. The mechanism of rare earth against plant disease is highlighted, which includes following two aspects. First, RE elements can control some phytopathogen directly and reduce its virulence to host plant. Another possibility is that RE elements can affect host plant and induce the plant to produce some resistance to disease.
文摘The inhibition of lanthanum (La) to mycelial growth and three disease-related enzymes of Rhizoctonia solani were studied. The results showed that lanthanum inhibits the growth of Rhizoctonia solani strongly. EC_(50) and EC_(95) of La were 171.9 and 667.7 mg·L^(-1) measured in solid culture media respectively, while 111.4 and 500.7 mg·L^(-1) measured in liquid culture media respectively. Lanthanum also has activating effects on disease-related enzymes of the fungus such as pectinase, protease and cellulase. However, the quantity or the activity of the total enzymes decreases significantly because of the strong blockage of mycelial growth when the La_2O_3 concentration is over 50 mg·L^(-1), and the virulence of pathogen decreases as well.
文摘The effect and the mechanism of action of lanthanum, cerium and neodymium on aged seeds of spinach were studied. By LaCl_3, CeCl_3, and NdCl_3 treatment, the germination rate, germination index and vigor index of aged spinach seeds are increased and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase are enhanced. Moreover the ·O_2^- and malondialdehyde content are decreased and the cell membrane permeability of aged spinach seeds is reduced. Among these three rare earth elements, Ce treatment enhances vigor of aged seeds most significantly, that of Nd treatment secondly and La treatment is not as effective as the other two treatments. The reason may be from 4f electron characteristic and alternation valence of REEs.
文摘The effect of Nd^(3+) on the photosynthesis and the growth of spinach was studied. The results show that Nd^(3+) improves the growth of spinach and increases chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate. UV-Vis spectrum indicates that the Soret band of chl-a in spinach with NdCl_3 treatment is blue shifted by 2 nm, and the Q band is red shifted by 1 nm, and the ratio of Soret band intensity and Q band intensity increases. FT-IR spectra show that the peak of porphyrin ring in chl-a of spinach with NdCl_3 treatment is widened, suggesting that the formation of Nd^(3+)-chl-a. Treated by NdCl_3, the fluorescence emission peak of PSⅡ in spinach leaves is blue shifted by 12 nm and the intensity declines obviously, indicating that Nd^(3+) is bound to the PSⅡ protein-pigment complex and the electron transfer rate increases.
