Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a public health problem. It is due to multi-resistant bacteria (MRB). The objective of this study was to determine bacterial resistance to antibiotics in chronic renal failure at...Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a public health problem. It is due to multi-resistant bacteria (MRB). The objective of this study was to determine bacterial resistance to antibiotics in chronic renal failure at the Edith Lucie BONGO ONDIMBA general hospital (HGELBO). Patients, material and method: This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted from January 1 to August 31, 2019 at the HGELBO. It concerned all patients admitted to the HGELBO with positive bacteriological samples. After a study of the sensitivity to isolated species, the patients were divided into two (02) groups: those MRB positive (+) and not MRB or negative (-). Epi Info software version 3.5.1 was used for the calculation of the rates and the comparison of the variables. The adjusted odds ratio (ORa) with a 95% confidence interval was used to measure the specific effect of each risk factor such as chronic kidney disease and diabetes, in order to rule out confounding factors. Multivariate analysis by binomial logistic regression was used. Results: There were 375 bacteriological samples from 258 patients, among them 247 patients with 235 positive samples or 63%. The eleven (11) are healthy patients. The median age was 33 with extremes ranging from 16 to 90. The female sex was predominant with a sex ratio of 0.6. The majority of MRB+ cases were found in internal medicine and nephrology with 12 cases (38.7%) and hemodialysis with 4 cases (12.9%). Urinary samples were in the majority with 74.5%. <i>Escherichia coli</i> was predominant in 30.3%. After studying the sensitivity to antibiotics of the 247 species included, 113 were MRB+ and 134 BMR- <i>i.e.</i> a frequency of 45.7%. Methicilin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) was predominant (51.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the main risk factor was antibiotic use (0Ra: 3.2 [1.9 - 5.4];p-value < 0.01). Chronic renal failure and diabetes were not risk factors for carriage. The other risk factors identified were: hospitalization of more than 7 days (prolonged), <i>S. aureus</i> infection and male sex. Conclusion: Probabilistic antibiotic therapy leads to the selection of BMRs. Long hospital stays, male sex, and MRSA are risk factors or determinants of antibiotic resistance, but not chronic kidney disease.展开更多
Fluoride(F)contamination of groundwater through natural or anthropogenic activities presents health concerns to communities that depend on it as a source of drinking water.This study examined the levels of F-and co-ex...Fluoride(F)contamination of groundwater through natural or anthropogenic activities presents health concerns to communities that depend on it as a source of drinking water.This study examined the levels of F-and co-existing ions present in groundwater sourced from Bongo,a community in Ghana.The ad-sorption efficiencies and capacities using agro-waste(millet stocks and ground-nut shells)for the removal of these ions from the groundwater were also as-sessed.The findings revealed that the mean concentration of F-is 2.24 mg/L,which exceeded the permissible standard of WHO/GSA.The presence of co-existing ions in the groundwater with their mean concentration were 22.4,45,56.48,and 18.08 for Cl-,24SO-,34PO-Mg2+,K+,respectively.The results showed that the adsorbents could effectively remove fluoride from the ground-water,with maximum adsorption capacities(and removal efficiencies)of 0.021 mg/g(37.95%),0.016 mg/g(28.10%)and 0.015 mg/g(26.30%)for charred mil-let,groundnut husk and uncharred millet,respectively.Similarly,the adsor-bents were able to remove the co-existing ions at varying adsorption efficien-cies.In terms of behaviour,the fluoride adsorption was initially quick(2 h)followed by slow adsorption.The adsorption kinetic of the fluoride removal best fitted pseudo-second order model.Notably,commercially sourced anthra-cite exhibited similar behaviour but superior performance relative to the agro-waste adsorbents used for the study.The findings suggest that these abundant agro-waste adsorbents are promising and sustainable materials for fluoride and co-existing ions removal from contaminated groundwater.展开更多
South Africa strengthens its efforts in polar and ocean research Under the command of Ashley Johnson,the iron gate on the starboard side of the S.A.Agulhas II vessel opened slowly,and the paired bongo nets,supported b...South Africa strengthens its efforts in polar and ocean research Under the command of Ashley Johnson,the iron gate on the starboard side of the S.A.Agulhas II vessel opened slowly,and the paired bongo nets,supported by a mechanised framework,gradually sank 100 metres into the sea.After being towed for a while,they were retrieved,and scientists on board sampled the plankton collected for analysis.Simultaneously,the bongo nets also gathered data on temperature,salinity,conductivity,and depth.Following this,the scientists deployed Niskin bottles to collect water samples from various depths.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a public health problem. It is due to multi-resistant bacteria (MRB). The objective of this study was to determine bacterial resistance to antibiotics in chronic renal failure at the Edith Lucie BONGO ONDIMBA general hospital (HGELBO). Patients, material and method: This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted from January 1 to August 31, 2019 at the HGELBO. It concerned all patients admitted to the HGELBO with positive bacteriological samples. After a study of the sensitivity to isolated species, the patients were divided into two (02) groups: those MRB positive (+) and not MRB or negative (-). Epi Info software version 3.5.1 was used for the calculation of the rates and the comparison of the variables. The adjusted odds ratio (ORa) with a 95% confidence interval was used to measure the specific effect of each risk factor such as chronic kidney disease and diabetes, in order to rule out confounding factors. Multivariate analysis by binomial logistic regression was used. Results: There were 375 bacteriological samples from 258 patients, among them 247 patients with 235 positive samples or 63%. The eleven (11) are healthy patients. The median age was 33 with extremes ranging from 16 to 90. The female sex was predominant with a sex ratio of 0.6. The majority of MRB+ cases were found in internal medicine and nephrology with 12 cases (38.7%) and hemodialysis with 4 cases (12.9%). Urinary samples were in the majority with 74.5%. <i>Escherichia coli</i> was predominant in 30.3%. After studying the sensitivity to antibiotics of the 247 species included, 113 were MRB+ and 134 BMR- <i>i.e.</i> a frequency of 45.7%. Methicilin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) was predominant (51.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the main risk factor was antibiotic use (0Ra: 3.2 [1.9 - 5.4];p-value < 0.01). Chronic renal failure and diabetes were not risk factors for carriage. The other risk factors identified were: hospitalization of more than 7 days (prolonged), <i>S. aureus</i> infection and male sex. Conclusion: Probabilistic antibiotic therapy leads to the selection of BMRs. Long hospital stays, male sex, and MRSA are risk factors or determinants of antibiotic resistance, but not chronic kidney disease.
文摘Fluoride(F)contamination of groundwater through natural or anthropogenic activities presents health concerns to communities that depend on it as a source of drinking water.This study examined the levels of F-and co-existing ions present in groundwater sourced from Bongo,a community in Ghana.The ad-sorption efficiencies and capacities using agro-waste(millet stocks and ground-nut shells)for the removal of these ions from the groundwater were also as-sessed.The findings revealed that the mean concentration of F-is 2.24 mg/L,which exceeded the permissible standard of WHO/GSA.The presence of co-existing ions in the groundwater with their mean concentration were 22.4,45,56.48,and 18.08 for Cl-,24SO-,34PO-Mg2+,K+,respectively.The results showed that the adsorbents could effectively remove fluoride from the ground-water,with maximum adsorption capacities(and removal efficiencies)of 0.021 mg/g(37.95%),0.016 mg/g(28.10%)and 0.015 mg/g(26.30%)for charred mil-let,groundnut husk and uncharred millet,respectively.Similarly,the adsor-bents were able to remove the co-existing ions at varying adsorption efficien-cies.In terms of behaviour,the fluoride adsorption was initially quick(2 h)followed by slow adsorption.The adsorption kinetic of the fluoride removal best fitted pseudo-second order model.Notably,commercially sourced anthra-cite exhibited similar behaviour but superior performance relative to the agro-waste adsorbents used for the study.The findings suggest that these abundant agro-waste adsorbents are promising and sustainable materials for fluoride and co-existing ions removal from contaminated groundwater.
文摘South Africa strengthens its efforts in polar and ocean research Under the command of Ashley Johnson,the iron gate on the starboard side of the S.A.Agulhas II vessel opened slowly,and the paired bongo nets,supported by a mechanised framework,gradually sank 100 metres into the sea.After being towed for a while,they were retrieved,and scientists on board sampled the plankton collected for analysis.Simultaneously,the bongo nets also gathered data on temperature,salinity,conductivity,and depth.Following this,the scientists deployed Niskin bottles to collect water samples from various depths.
