Small interfering RNAs （siRNA） have enormous potential as therapeutics to target and treat various bone disor- ders such as osteoporosis and cancer bone metastases. However, effective and specific delivery of siRNA ...Small interfering RNAs （siRNA） have enormous potential as therapeutics to target and treat various bone disor- ders such as osteoporosis and cancer bone metastases. However, effective and specific delivery of siRNA therapeu- tics to bone and bone-specific cells in vivo is very challenging. To realize the full therapeutic potential of siRNA in treating bone disorders, a safe and efficient, tissue- and cell-specific delivery system must be developed. This review focuses on recent advances in bone site-specific delivery of siRNA at the tissue or cellular level. Bone-targeted nanoparticulate siRNA carriers and various bone-targeted moieties such as bisphosphonates, oligopeptides （Asp）8 and （AspSerSer）6, and aptamers are highlighted. Incorporation of these bone-seeking targeting moieties into siRNA carriers allows for recognition of different sub-tissue functional domains of bone and also specific cell types residing in bone tissue. It also provides a means for bone-formation surface-, bone-resorption surface-, or osteoblast- specific targeting and transportation of siRNA therapeutics. The discussion mainly focuses on systemic and local bone-specific delivery of siRNA in osteoporosis and bone metastasis preclinical models.展开更多
In vivo optical imaging has become an invaluable tool for visualizing and moni-toring biological processes in living organisms.A key component of these imaging techniques is the use of fluorescent dyes that can select...In vivo optical imaging has become an invaluable tool for visualizing and moni-toring biological processes in living organisms.A key component of these imaging techniques is the use of fluorescent dyes that can selectively target and label specific tissues or cell types.This review provides an overview of the current state of tissue-seeking dyes for in vivo applications.We discuss the design principles and chemical structures of dyes that have been developed to target various tissues of interest,including tumors,nerves,bones,vasculatures,and other tissues.The review covers the photophysical properties,targeting mechanisms,and in vivo performance of these dyes.Particular emphasis is placed on dyes that have demonstrated clinical translation or have high potential for future clinical use.The review also examines the challenges and considerations in developing effective tissue-seeking dyes,such as achieving high specificity,overcoming biological barriers and minimizing toxicity.Finally,we highlight emerging trends and future directions in the field,including the integration of tissue-seeking dyes with advanced imaging modalities and theranostic applications.Overall,this review provides a focused summary of the current landscape of tissue-seeking dyes and their pivotal role in advancing in vivo optical imaging and its biomedical applications.展开更多
基金supported by the Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas(CPRIT,RP 150656,X.L.)National Institute of Health(NIH/NCI,R15CA182769, X.L.)
文摘Small interfering RNAs （siRNA） have enormous potential as therapeutics to target and treat various bone disor- ders such as osteoporosis and cancer bone metastases. However, effective and specific delivery of siRNA therapeu- tics to bone and bone-specific cells in vivo is very challenging. To realize the full therapeutic potential of siRNA in treating bone disorders, a safe and efficient, tissue- and cell-specific delivery system must be developed. This review focuses on recent advances in bone site-specific delivery of siRNA at the tissue or cellular level. Bone-targeted nanoparticulate siRNA carriers and various bone-targeted moieties such as bisphosphonates, oligopeptides （Asp）8 and （AspSerSer）6, and aptamers are highlighted. Incorporation of these bone-seeking targeting moieties into siRNA carriers allows for recognition of different sub-tissue functional domains of bone and also specific cell types residing in bone tissue. It also provides a means for bone-formation surface-, bone-resorption surface-, or osteoblast- specific targeting and transportation of siRNA therapeutics. The discussion mainly focuses on systemic and local bone-specific delivery of siRNA in osteoporosis and bone metastasis preclinical models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,22174023,22378072)Research Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22QA1406700).
文摘In vivo optical imaging has become an invaluable tool for visualizing and moni-toring biological processes in living organisms.A key component of these imaging techniques is the use of fluorescent dyes that can selectively target and label specific tissues or cell types.This review provides an overview of the current state of tissue-seeking dyes for in vivo applications.We discuss the design principles and chemical structures of dyes that have been developed to target various tissues of interest,including tumors,nerves,bones,vasculatures,and other tissues.The review covers the photophysical properties,targeting mechanisms,and in vivo performance of these dyes.Particular emphasis is placed on dyes that have demonstrated clinical translation or have high potential for future clinical use.The review also examines the challenges and considerations in developing effective tissue-seeking dyes,such as achieving high specificity,overcoming biological barriers and minimizing toxicity.Finally,we highlight emerging trends and future directions in the field,including the integration of tissue-seeking dyes with advanced imaging modalities and theranostic applications.Overall,this review provides a focused summary of the current landscape of tissue-seeking dyes and their pivotal role in advancing in vivo optical imaging and its biomedical applications.
