During 2007-2008 excavations at the Lingjing site near Xuchang,Henan Province,dated back to around 100-80 ka ago,a large quantity of mammalian fossil remains were recovered along with a remarkable cluster of Early Mod...During 2007-2008 excavations at the Lingjing site near Xuchang,Henan Province,dated back to around 100-80 ka ago,a large quantity of mammalian fossil remains were recovered along with a remarkable cluster of Early Modern Human(EMH)skull fragments in situ.Observably some of those animal bones were probably modified into tools.A use-wear analysis was carried out to examine the functions of modified bone tools.The results suggest that Lingjing bone tools were used for drilling,penetrating,and scraping animal substances,and that some might have been hafted during the use.This study confirms that early existence ofintentionally-modified bone tools at human occupations of the early Late Pleistocene in northern China.This discovery suggests making and use of bone tools were inevitably a part of early human behaviors and cultural development,as such of stone tools.展开更多
Similarities play an important role in the reconstruction of human physical,cultural and technological evolution.The two sites presented in this paper,the Middle Palaeolithic site Lingjing in China Layer 10 and 11 and...Similarities play an important role in the reconstruction of human physical,cultural and technological evolution.The two sites presented in this paper,the Middle Palaeolithic site Lingjing in China Layer 10 and 11 and the Lower Palaeolithic site Schöningen 13Ⅱ-4,the socalled Schöningen Spear Horizon in Germany,show striking similarities.The archaeological record of both sites includes lithic artifacts as well as a very large assemblage of fossil bones.The preservation of the material at both sites is excellent and the faunas encountered at both sites show many similarities.The faunal lists of both sites include a diverse carnivore guild,an elephant species,two different rhinoceros species,two different equids,different cervids and large bovids.Both sites also yielded bone retouchers as well as a unique record of bone hammers that show identical,unusual flaking and percussion damage.These similarities are remarkable if one takes into account the difference in age(ca 200 kaBP)and the geographical distance between the two sites of ca 8000 km.Therefore,we do not assume a close cultural link between the hominin populations active at both sites.The authors assume that the observed similarities show more or less identical,opportunistic hominin behaviour at both sites located in a comparable environment with more or less similar taphonomic conditions.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40872115)CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teamsthe Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(111-2-09)
文摘During 2007-2008 excavations at the Lingjing site near Xuchang,Henan Province,dated back to around 100-80 ka ago,a large quantity of mammalian fossil remains were recovered along with a remarkable cluster of Early Modern Human(EMH)skull fragments in situ.Observably some of those animal bones were probably modified into tools.A use-wear analysis was carried out to examine the functions of modified bone tools.The results suggest that Lingjing bone tools were used for drilling,penetrating,and scraping animal substances,and that some might have been hafted during the use.This study confirms that early existence ofintentionally-modified bone tools at human occupations of the early Late Pleistocene in northern China.This discovery suggests making and use of bone tools were inevitably a part of early human behaviors and cultural development,as such of stone tools.
文摘Similarities play an important role in the reconstruction of human physical,cultural and technological evolution.The two sites presented in this paper,the Middle Palaeolithic site Lingjing in China Layer 10 and 11 and the Lower Palaeolithic site Schöningen 13Ⅱ-4,the socalled Schöningen Spear Horizon in Germany,show striking similarities.The archaeological record of both sites includes lithic artifacts as well as a very large assemblage of fossil bones.The preservation of the material at both sites is excellent and the faunas encountered at both sites show many similarities.The faunal lists of both sites include a diverse carnivore guild,an elephant species,two different rhinoceros species,two different equids,different cervids and large bovids.Both sites also yielded bone retouchers as well as a unique record of bone hammers that show identical,unusual flaking and percussion damage.These similarities are remarkable if one takes into account the difference in age(ca 200 kaBP)and the geographical distance between the two sites of ca 8000 km.Therefore,we do not assume a close cultural link between the hominin populations active at both sites.The authors assume that the observed similarities show more or less identical,opportunistic hominin behaviour at both sites located in a comparable environment with more or less similar taphonomic conditions.
