Electrical energy can be harvested from the rotational kinetic energy of moving bodies,consisting of both mechanical and kinetic energy as a potential power source through electromagnetic induction,similar to wind ene...Electrical energy can be harvested from the rotational kinetic energy of moving bodies,consisting of both mechanical and kinetic energy as a potential power source through electromagnetic induction,similar to wind energy applications.In industries,rotational bodies are commonly present in operations,yet this kinetic energy remains untapped.This research explores the energy generation characteristics of two rotational body types,disk-shaped and cylinder-shaped under specific experimental setups.The hardware setup included a direct current(DC)motor driver,power supply,DC generator,mechanical support,and load resistance,while the software setup involved automation testing tools and data logging.Electromagnetic induction was used to harvest energy,and experiments were conducted at room temperature(25℃)with controlled variables like speed and friction.Results showed the disk-shaped body exhibited higher energy efficiency than the cylinder-shaped body,largely due to lower mechanical losses.The disk required only two bearings,while the cylinder required four,resulting in lower bearing losses for the disk.Additionally,the disk experienced only air friction,whereas the cylinder encountered friction from a soft,uneven rubber material,increasing surface contact losses.Under a 40 W resistive load,the disk demonstrated a 17.1%energy loss due to mechanical friction,achieving up to 15.55 J of recycled energy.Conversely,the cylinder body experienced a 48.05%energy loss,delivering only 51.95%of energy to the load.These insights suggest significant potential for designing efficient energy recycling systems in industrial settings,particularly in manufacturing and processing industries where rotational machinery is prevalent.Despite its lower energy density,this system could be beneficially integrated with energy storage solutions,enhancing sustainability in industrial practices.展开更多
An upper estimate of the new curvature entropy is provided,via the integral inequality of a concave function.For two origin-symmetric convex bodies in R^(n),this bound is sharper than the log-Minkowski inequality of c...An upper estimate of the new curvature entropy is provided,via the integral inequality of a concave function.For two origin-symmetric convex bodies in R^(n),this bound is sharper than the log-Minkowski inequality of curvature entropy.As its application,a novel proof of the log-Minkowski inequality of curvature entropy in the plane is given.展开更多
Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis(HPAG)is a common condition of the gastrointestinal tract.However,extensive and long-term antibiotic use has resulted in numerous adverse effects,including increased resistance,...Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis(HPAG)is a common condition of the gastrointestinal tract.However,extensive and long-term antibiotic use has resulted in numerous adverse effects,including increased resistance,gastrointestinal dysfunction,and increased recurrence rates.When these concerns develop,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)may have advantages.TCM is based on the concept of completeness and aims to eliminate pathogens and strengthen the body.It has the potential to prevent this condition while also boosting the rate of Helicobacter pylori eradication.This review elaborates on the mechanism of TCM treatment for HPAG based on cellular signalling pathways,which reflects the flexibility of TCM in treating diseases and the advantages of multi-level,multipathway,and multi-target treatments for HPAG.展开更多
There exists a notion that there is an obesity paradox in the prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia.In other words,obese individuals with communityacquired pneumonia have a better prognosis.The study by Wang et al...There exists a notion that there is an obesity paradox in the prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia.In other words,obese individuals with communityacquired pneumonia have a better prognosis.The study by Wang et al supports this claim,but we believe that the obesity paradox should not be proposed hastily as it is influenced by numerous subjective and objective confounding factors.展开更多
BACKGROUND The root of mesentery dissection is one of the critical maneuvers,especially in borderline resectable pancreatic head cancer.Intra-abdominal chyle leak(CL)including chylous ascites may ensue in up to 10%of ...BACKGROUND The root of mesentery dissection is one of the critical maneuvers,especially in borderline resectable pancreatic head cancer.Intra-abdominal chyle leak(CL)including chylous ascites may ensue in up to 10%of patients after pancreatic resections.Globally recognized superior mesenteric artery(SMA)first approaches are invariably performed.The mesenteric dissection through the inferior infracolic approach has been discussed in this study emphasizing its post-operative impact on CL which is the cornerstone of this study.AIM To assess incidence,risk factors,clinical impact of CL following root of mesentery dissection,and the different treatment modalities.METHODS This is a retrospective study incorporating the patients who underwent dissection of the root of mesentery with inferior infracolic SMA first approach pancreat-oduodenectomy for the ventral body and uncinate mass of pancreas in the Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital from January 1,2021 to February 28,2024.Intraop-erative findings and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.RESULTS In three years,ten patients underwent root of mesentery dissection with inferior infracolic SMA first approach pancreatoduodenectomy.The mean age was 67.6 years with a male-to-female ratio of 4:5.CL was seen in four patients.With virtue of CL,Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅱ or higher morbidity was observed in four patients.Two patients had a hospital stay of more than 20 days with the former having a delayed gastric emptying and the latter with long-term total parenteral nutrition requirement.The mean operative time was 330 minutes.Curative resection was achieved in 100%of the patients.The mean duration of the intensive care unit and hospital stay were 2.55±1.45 days and 15.7±5.32 days,respectively.CONCLUSION Root of mesentery dissection with lymphadenectomy and vascular resection correlated with occurrence of CL.After complete curative resection,these were managed with total parenteral nutrition without adversely impacting outcome.展开更多
The concept of emissivity has been with the scientific and engineering world since Planck formulated his blackbody radiation law more than a century ago.Nevertheless,emissivity is an elusive concept even for ex⁃perts....The concept of emissivity has been with the scientific and engineering world since Planck formulated his blackbody radiation law more than a century ago.Nevertheless,emissivity is an elusive concept even for ex⁃perts.It is a vague and fuzzy concept for the wider community of engineers.The importance of remote sensing of temperature by measuring IR radiation has been recognized in a wide range of industrial,medical,and environ⁃mental uses.One of the major sources of errors in IR radiometry is the emissivity of the surface being measured.In real experiments,emissivity may be influenced by many factors:surface texture,spectral properties,oxida⁃tion,and aging of surfaces.While commercial blackbodies are prevalent,the much-needed grey bodies with a known emissivity,are unavailable.This study describes how to achieve a calibrated and stable emissivity with a blackbody,a perforated screen,and a reliable and linear novel IR thermal sensor,18 dubbed TMOS.The Digital TMOS is now a low-cost commercial product,it requires low power,and it has a small form factor.The method⁃ology is based on two-color measurements,with two different optical filters,with selected wavelengths conform⁃ing to the grey body definition of the use case under study.With a photochemically etched perforated screen,the effective emissivity of the screen is simply the hole density area of the surface area that emits according to the blackbody temperature radiation.The concept is illustrated with ray tracing simulations,which demonstrate the approach.Measured results are reported.展开更多
In this paper,we use the solution of the even functional Minkowski problem to show that there is a minimizing affine Minkowski total variation of the function of bounded variation.Moreover,for the Minkowski total vari...In this paper,we use the solution of the even functional Minkowski problem to show that there is a minimizing affine Minkowski total variation of the function of bounded variation.Moreover,for the Minkowski total variation,we use the method of convexation to establish the same conclusion as the convex body space.展开更多
Dear Editor,The Hans Chinese(HC)ethnic group,comprising approximately 1.4 billion individuals,represents the largest workforce globally.Historically,HC has been predominantly isolated from other ethnic groups for over...Dear Editor,The Hans Chinese(HC)ethnic group,comprising approximately 1.4 billion individuals,represents the largest workforce globally.Historically,HC has been predominantly isolated from other ethnic groups for over 3 millennia,resulting in distinct genetic and physiological characteristics[1,2].Consequently,the energy required to maintain essential functions,represented by the basal metabolic rate(BMR),cannot be accurately assessed in HC with algorithms developed for European-American(EA)populations,even when controlling for diff erences in body size[3].Notably,the widely used Harris-Benedict equation tends to overestimate BMR,relative to measured BMR via indirect calorimetry,in more than 50%of HC individuals[3].Hence,HC generally expends less energy than EA under basal(resting)conditions.This raises an important question:does HC require lower energy expenditure than EA for equivalent external work?Th e present aimed to address this inquiry,while adjusting for key confounding factors such as age,sex,physical activity,aerobic capacity,BMR,and body composition.展开更多
The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective.This month,we explore how young people respond to the increasing focus on body weight management.As obesity rates climb,body weigh...The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective.This month,we explore how young people respond to the increasing focus on body weight management.As obesity rates climb,body weight management has become a growing concern in China.The government is introducing targeted policies,hospitals are setting up dedicated clinics,and health experts are speaking out.But weight is no longer just a medical issue-it’s increas-ingly tied to identity,confidence,and social image.We examine the cultural forces shaping how young people in China and Africa approach weight-what drives their choices,how ideals are formed,and where health meets appearance in today’s shifting societies.展开更多
April 2025 China has over 7 million registered organ donors More than 7.05 million people in China have registered as voluntary organ donors,according to data released during an awareness-raising event for organ donat...April 2025 China has over 7 million registered organ donors More than 7.05 million people in China have registered as voluntary organ donors,according to data released during an awareness-raising event for organ donation held on April 1.To date,58,000 posthumous organ donation surgeries,more than 63,000 body donations and over 110,000 corneal donations have been carried out.These donations have saved the lives of more than 170,000 people experiencing organ failure,and restored sight to over 100,000 individuals.To honor the donors,over 280 memorial sites have been established around China.During the Qingming Festival each year,commemorative events will be held across the country to promote awareness of and encourage greater public participation in this life-saving initiative.展开更多
Adolescent type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is on the rise in India and is commonly attributed to co-existence of overweight and obesity in adolescents.In this line,a study by Maheshwari et al titled‘Prevalence of obesi...Adolescent type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is on the rise in India and is commonly attributed to co-existence of overweight and obesity in adolescents.In this line,a study by Maheshwari et al titled‘Prevalence of obesity,determinants,and its association with hyperglycaemia among community dwelling older adolescents in India’concluded that overweight,obesity,socioeconomic factors and higher education status were responsible for hyperglycemia in adolescents aged 15-19 years in India.We highlight that there is a significant prevalence of T2DM even in normal body mass index(BMI)and below normal BMI subjects,as mentioned in their study.There is a high prevalence of normal weight obesity in Indian adolescents which often gets missed due to a large population with normal BMI in the country.In this letter,we analyze the importance of measurement of central adiposity beyond routine BMI measurements.展开更多
BACKGROUND:This study aims to explore the causal relationship of body weight,body mass index(BMI),and waist circumference (WC) with the risk of cardiac arrest (CA) using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).METHODS...BACKGROUND:This study aims to explore the causal relationship of body weight,body mass index(BMI),and waist circumference (WC) with the risk of cardiac arrest (CA) using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).METHODS:Data were summarized using genome-wide association studies (GWAS).Twosample MR analyses were performed using the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method,the weighted median method,and the MR-Egger analysis.Heterogeneity test and sensitivity analysis were performed using Cochran’s Q test and the leave-one-out method,respectively.The Steiger test was used to detect reverse causality.Bayesian model-averaged MR was used to identify the most influential risk factors.RESULTS:A total of 13 GWAS data were collected for BMI,body weight and WC.IVW analyses showed a positive correlation of body weight,BMI,and WC with CA (all OR>1 and P<0.05),with MR-Egger and weighted median methods confirming the IVW findings.No horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity was observed.Sensitivity analysis indicated that no single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) caused significant changes in overall causality.Bayesian model-averaged MR was also used to rank causality based on marginal inclusion probability (MIP),and the corresponding modelaveraged causal estimate (MACE) were confirmed,which indicated that WC (GWAS ID:ukb-b-9405)was the highest-ranked risk factor (MIP=0.119,MACE=0.011);its posterior probability was 0.057.A total of 14 sex-specific GWAS data on weight,BMI,and WC were analyzed in relationship with CA,and the MR results showed no significant effects of sex-specific factors.CONCLUSION:Body weight,BMI,and WC are causally associated with an increased risk of CA,with WC identified as the most important risk factor.展开更多
We prove that for a smooth convex body K⊂ℝ^(d),d≥2,with positive Gauss curvature,its homothety with a certain associated convex body implies that K is either a ball or an ellipsoid,depending on the associated body co...We prove that for a smooth convex body K⊂ℝ^(d),d≥2,with positive Gauss curvature,its homothety with a certain associated convex body implies that K is either a ball or an ellipsoid,depending on the associated body considered.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with an alarming rise in early-onset CRC(eoCRC)over the past several decades.Unlike late-onset CRC,the drivers behind eoC...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with an alarming rise in early-onset CRC(eoCRC)over the past several decades.Unlike late-onset CRC,the drivers behind eoCRC remain less clear.While certain risk factors such as obesity and smoking have demonstrated a relatively strong association with eoCRC in the literature,some studies have challenged these associations,emphasizing the need for additional studies.METHODS This cross-sectional study used de-identified data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(1999-2023),including 30321 United States adults aged 18 to 49 years.Participants with missing key variables were excluded.Standardized protocols were used to collect demographic,lifestyle,anthropo-metric[body mass index(BMI),body roundness index(BRI),waist circumference(WC)],and self-reported CRC data.Logistic regression and propensity score matching assessed associations between obesity-related parameters and eoCRC.Statistical analyses were performed in R and Stata,with P<0.05 defined as significant.RESULTS Of 30321 participants,48 received a diagnosis of eoCRC.Patients with eoCRC were older(mean age 39.96 years vs 34.36 years;P<0.001)and had higher WC and BRI.None of the eoCRC patients were heavy drinkers(P=0.006).Unadjusted models demonstrated significant associations of eoCRC with BRI quartiles,as well as BMI-defined obesity,WC,and smoking.In unadjusted models,BRI remained the strongest independent predictor;those in the highest BRI quartiles had over 10-fold greater odds of eoCRC.In fully adjusted models,BRI remained significant,but BMI-and waist-based obesity were not.CONCLUSION BRI is a stronger predictor of eoCRC risk compared to other obesity indices and is a superior tool for identifying young individuals at higher risk of CRC.展开更多
Background:University students face significant challenges inmaintaining healthy physical activity(PA)and dietary habits,and they often fall short of global health recommendations.Psychological factors such as social ...Background:University students face significant challenges inmaintaining healthy physical activity(PA)and dietary habits,and they often fall short of global health recommendations.Psychological factors such as social physique anxiety,body image concerns,and self-objectification may act as barriers to PA engagement,influencing both mental and physical health.The present study constructed a structural equation model(SEM)to examine the relationship between body image-related psychological factors and resistance to PA in university students from southern Spain.Methods:A cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted with 519 university students(74%females,26%males;Mean age=21.14±3.26 years)from universities in Granada and Malaga(Spain).Data were collected between May and October 2024 via online questionnaires that assessed PA engagement,Mediterranean diet adherence,eating disorder symptoms,body image-related psychological factors(social physique anxiety,appearance control beliefs,body surveillance,body shame,and self-esteem),and sociodemographic characteristics.SEM was performed to analyze relationships and sex-based differences.Results:Social physique anxietywas positively associated with body shame,body surveillance,and eating disorders,and negatively associated with self-esteem,PA engagement,and appearance control beliefs(all p<0.001).Appearance control beliefs were positively related to self-esteem,body surveillance,and PA(all p<0.05).Body surveillance was negatively linked to PA and positively linked to body shame.Mediterranean diet adherence and eating disorders were positively associated with PA(all p<0.001).Sex-based differences were observed in the model.Conclusion:Body image-related psychological factors may act as barriers to PA among university students.Interventions should integrate mental health promotion and consider sex differences.展开更多
基金The APC was funded by Research Management Center, Multimedia University, Malaysia.
文摘Electrical energy can be harvested from the rotational kinetic energy of moving bodies,consisting of both mechanical and kinetic energy as a potential power source through electromagnetic induction,similar to wind energy applications.In industries,rotational bodies are commonly present in operations,yet this kinetic energy remains untapped.This research explores the energy generation characteristics of two rotational body types,disk-shaped and cylinder-shaped under specific experimental setups.The hardware setup included a direct current(DC)motor driver,power supply,DC generator,mechanical support,and load resistance,while the software setup involved automation testing tools and data logging.Electromagnetic induction was used to harvest energy,and experiments were conducted at room temperature(25℃)with controlled variables like speed and friction.Results showed the disk-shaped body exhibited higher energy efficiency than the cylinder-shaped body,largely due to lower mechanical losses.The disk required only two bearings,while the cylinder required four,resulting in lower bearing losses for the disk.Additionally,the disk experienced only air friction,whereas the cylinder encountered friction from a soft,uneven rubber material,increasing surface contact losses.Under a 40 W resistive load,the disk demonstrated a 17.1%energy loss due to mechanical friction,achieving up to 15.55 J of recycled energy.Conversely,the cylinder body experienced a 48.05%energy loss,delivering only 51.95%of energy to the load.These insights suggest significant potential for designing efficient energy recycling systems in industrial settings,particularly in manufacturing and processing industries where rotational machinery is prevalent.Despite its lower energy density,this system could be beneficially integrated with energy storage solutions,enhancing sustainability in industrial practices.
基金supported by the NSFC(12171378)supported by the Characteristic innovation projects of universities in Guangdong province(2023K-TSCX381)+3 种基金supported by the Young Top-Talent program of Chongqing(CQYC2021059145)the Major Special Project of NSFC(12141101)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJZD-K202200509)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing(CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0937).
文摘An upper estimate of the new curvature entropy is provided,via the integral inequality of a concave function.For two origin-symmetric convex bodies in R^(n),this bound is sharper than the log-Minkowski inequality of curvature entropy.As its application,a novel proof of the log-Minkowski inequality of curvature entropy in the plane is given.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82374323and Hunan Graduate Research Innovation Project,No.2023CX15.
文摘Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis(HPAG)is a common condition of the gastrointestinal tract.However,extensive and long-term antibiotic use has resulted in numerous adverse effects,including increased resistance,gastrointestinal dysfunction,and increased recurrence rates.When these concerns develop,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)may have advantages.TCM is based on the concept of completeness and aims to eliminate pathogens and strengthen the body.It has the potential to prevent this condition while also boosting the rate of Helicobacter pylori eradication.This review elaborates on the mechanism of TCM treatment for HPAG based on cellular signalling pathways,which reflects the flexibility of TCM in treating diseases and the advantages of multi-level,multipathway,and multi-target treatments for HPAG.
文摘There exists a notion that there is an obesity paradox in the prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia.In other words,obese individuals with communityacquired pneumonia have a better prognosis.The study by Wang et al supports this claim,but we believe that the obesity paradox should not be proposed hastily as it is influenced by numerous subjective and objective confounding factors.
文摘BACKGROUND The root of mesentery dissection is one of the critical maneuvers,especially in borderline resectable pancreatic head cancer.Intra-abdominal chyle leak(CL)including chylous ascites may ensue in up to 10%of patients after pancreatic resections.Globally recognized superior mesenteric artery(SMA)first approaches are invariably performed.The mesenteric dissection through the inferior infracolic approach has been discussed in this study emphasizing its post-operative impact on CL which is the cornerstone of this study.AIM To assess incidence,risk factors,clinical impact of CL following root of mesentery dissection,and the different treatment modalities.METHODS This is a retrospective study incorporating the patients who underwent dissection of the root of mesentery with inferior infracolic SMA first approach pancreat-oduodenectomy for the ventral body and uncinate mass of pancreas in the Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital from January 1,2021 to February 28,2024.Intraop-erative findings and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.RESULTS In three years,ten patients underwent root of mesentery dissection with inferior infracolic SMA first approach pancreatoduodenectomy.The mean age was 67.6 years with a male-to-female ratio of 4:5.CL was seen in four patients.With virtue of CL,Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅱ or higher morbidity was observed in four patients.Two patients had a hospital stay of more than 20 days with the former having a delayed gastric emptying and the latter with long-term total parenteral nutrition requirement.The mean operative time was 330 minutes.Curative resection was achieved in 100%of the patients.The mean duration of the intensive care unit and hospital stay were 2.55±1.45 days and 15.7±5.32 days,respectively.CONCLUSION Root of mesentery dissection with lymphadenectomy and vascular resection correlated with occurrence of CL.After complete curative resection,these were managed with total parenteral nutrition without adversely impacting outcome.
文摘The concept of emissivity has been with the scientific and engineering world since Planck formulated his blackbody radiation law more than a century ago.Nevertheless,emissivity is an elusive concept even for ex⁃perts.It is a vague and fuzzy concept for the wider community of engineers.The importance of remote sensing of temperature by measuring IR radiation has been recognized in a wide range of industrial,medical,and environ⁃mental uses.One of the major sources of errors in IR radiometry is the emissivity of the surface being measured.In real experiments,emissivity may be influenced by many factors:surface texture,spectral properties,oxida⁃tion,and aging of surfaces.While commercial blackbodies are prevalent,the much-needed grey bodies with a known emissivity,are unavailable.This study describes how to achieve a calibrated and stable emissivity with a blackbody,a perforated screen,and a reliable and linear novel IR thermal sensor,18 dubbed TMOS.The Digital TMOS is now a low-cost commercial product,it requires low power,and it has a small form factor.The method⁃ology is based on two-color measurements,with two different optical filters,with selected wavelengths conform⁃ing to the grey body definition of the use case under study.With a photochemically etched perforated screen,the effective emissivity of the screen is simply the hole density area of the surface area that emits according to the blackbody temperature radiation.The concept is illustrated with ray tracing simulations,which demonstrate the approach.Measured results are reported.
基金Supported in part by NSFC(No.11971005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.GK202101008,GK202102012)。
文摘In this paper,we use the solution of the even functional Minkowski problem to show that there is a minimizing affine Minkowski total variation of the function of bounded variation.Moreover,for the Minkowski total variation,we use the method of convexation to establish the same conclusion as the convex body space.
基金supported by the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong-Early Career Scheme(106210224)and the Seed Fund(104006024).
文摘Dear Editor,The Hans Chinese(HC)ethnic group,comprising approximately 1.4 billion individuals,represents the largest workforce globally.Historically,HC has been predominantly isolated from other ethnic groups for over 3 millennia,resulting in distinct genetic and physiological characteristics[1,2].Consequently,the energy required to maintain essential functions,represented by the basal metabolic rate(BMR),cannot be accurately assessed in HC with algorithms developed for European-American(EA)populations,even when controlling for diff erences in body size[3].Notably,the widely used Harris-Benedict equation tends to overestimate BMR,relative to measured BMR via indirect calorimetry,in more than 50%of HC individuals[3].Hence,HC generally expends less energy than EA under basal(resting)conditions.This raises an important question:does HC require lower energy expenditure than EA for equivalent external work?Th e present aimed to address this inquiry,while adjusting for key confounding factors such as age,sex,physical activity,aerobic capacity,BMR,and body composition.
文摘The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective.This month,we explore how young people respond to the increasing focus on body weight management.As obesity rates climb,body weight management has become a growing concern in China.The government is introducing targeted policies,hospitals are setting up dedicated clinics,and health experts are speaking out.But weight is no longer just a medical issue-it’s increas-ingly tied to identity,confidence,and social image.We examine the cultural forces shaping how young people in China and Africa approach weight-what drives their choices,how ideals are formed,and where health meets appearance in today’s shifting societies.
文摘April 2025 China has over 7 million registered organ donors More than 7.05 million people in China have registered as voluntary organ donors,according to data released during an awareness-raising event for organ donation held on April 1.To date,58,000 posthumous organ donation surgeries,more than 63,000 body donations and over 110,000 corneal donations have been carried out.These donations have saved the lives of more than 170,000 people experiencing organ failure,and restored sight to over 100,000 individuals.To honor the donors,over 280 memorial sites have been established around China.During the Qingming Festival each year,commemorative events will be held across the country to promote awareness of and encourage greater public participation in this life-saving initiative.
文摘Adolescent type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is on the rise in India and is commonly attributed to co-existence of overweight and obesity in adolescents.In this line,a study by Maheshwari et al titled‘Prevalence of obesity,determinants,and its association with hyperglycaemia among community dwelling older adolescents in India’concluded that overweight,obesity,socioeconomic factors and higher education status were responsible for hyperglycemia in adolescents aged 15-19 years in India.We highlight that there is a significant prevalence of T2DM even in normal body mass index(BMI)and below normal BMI subjects,as mentioned in their study.There is a high prevalence of normal weight obesity in Indian adolescents which often gets missed due to a large population with normal BMI in the country.In this letter,we analyze the importance of measurement of central adiposity beyond routine BMI measurements.
基金This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82072127)。
文摘BACKGROUND:This study aims to explore the causal relationship of body weight,body mass index(BMI),and waist circumference (WC) with the risk of cardiac arrest (CA) using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).METHODS:Data were summarized using genome-wide association studies (GWAS).Twosample MR analyses were performed using the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method,the weighted median method,and the MR-Egger analysis.Heterogeneity test and sensitivity analysis were performed using Cochran’s Q test and the leave-one-out method,respectively.The Steiger test was used to detect reverse causality.Bayesian model-averaged MR was used to identify the most influential risk factors.RESULTS:A total of 13 GWAS data were collected for BMI,body weight and WC.IVW analyses showed a positive correlation of body weight,BMI,and WC with CA (all OR>1 and P<0.05),with MR-Egger and weighted median methods confirming the IVW findings.No horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity was observed.Sensitivity analysis indicated that no single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) caused significant changes in overall causality.Bayesian model-averaged MR was also used to rank causality based on marginal inclusion probability (MIP),and the corresponding modelaveraged causal estimate (MACE) were confirmed,which indicated that WC (GWAS ID:ukb-b-9405)was the highest-ranked risk factor (MIP=0.119,MACE=0.011);its posterior probability was 0.057.A total of 14 sex-specific GWAS data on weight,BMI,and WC were analyzed in relationship with CA,and the MR results showed no significant effects of sex-specific factors.CONCLUSION:Body weight,BMI,and WC are causally associated with an increased risk of CA,with WC identified as the most important risk factor.
文摘We prove that for a smooth convex body K⊂ℝ^(d),d≥2,with positive Gauss curvature,its homothety with a certain associated convex body implies that K is either a ball or an ellipsoid,depending on the associated body considered.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with an alarming rise in early-onset CRC(eoCRC)over the past several decades.Unlike late-onset CRC,the drivers behind eoCRC remain less clear.While certain risk factors such as obesity and smoking have demonstrated a relatively strong association with eoCRC in the literature,some studies have challenged these associations,emphasizing the need for additional studies.METHODS This cross-sectional study used de-identified data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(1999-2023),including 30321 United States adults aged 18 to 49 years.Participants with missing key variables were excluded.Standardized protocols were used to collect demographic,lifestyle,anthropo-metric[body mass index(BMI),body roundness index(BRI),waist circumference(WC)],and self-reported CRC data.Logistic regression and propensity score matching assessed associations between obesity-related parameters and eoCRC.Statistical analyses were performed in R and Stata,with P<0.05 defined as significant.RESULTS Of 30321 participants,48 received a diagnosis of eoCRC.Patients with eoCRC were older(mean age 39.96 years vs 34.36 years;P<0.001)and had higher WC and BRI.None of the eoCRC patients were heavy drinkers(P=0.006).Unadjusted models demonstrated significant associations of eoCRC with BRI quartiles,as well as BMI-defined obesity,WC,and smoking.In unadjusted models,BRI remained the strongest independent predictor;those in the highest BRI quartiles had over 10-fold greater odds of eoCRC.In fully adjusted models,BRI remained significant,but BMI-and waist-based obesity were not.CONCLUSION BRI is a stronger predictor of eoCRC risk compared to other obesity indices and is a superior tool for identifying young individuals at higher risk of CRC.
基金financially supported by the Vice-Rector’s Office for Research and Transfer at the University of Granada(Grant Ref.PPJIB2023-084)Spanish Ministry of Universities(Grants Ref.FPU20/02739 and FPU20/01987)+1 种基金Maria de Maeztu Excellence Unit Program funded by the Ministry of Science,Innovation and Ministry of Universities attached to the State Research Agency(Grant Ref.CEX2023-001312-M/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)the Excellence Unit funded by the University of Granada(Grant Ref.UCE-PP2023-11/UGR.).
文摘Background:University students face significant challenges inmaintaining healthy physical activity(PA)and dietary habits,and they often fall short of global health recommendations.Psychological factors such as social physique anxiety,body image concerns,and self-objectification may act as barriers to PA engagement,influencing both mental and physical health.The present study constructed a structural equation model(SEM)to examine the relationship between body image-related psychological factors and resistance to PA in university students from southern Spain.Methods:A cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted with 519 university students(74%females,26%males;Mean age=21.14±3.26 years)from universities in Granada and Malaga(Spain).Data were collected between May and October 2024 via online questionnaires that assessed PA engagement,Mediterranean diet adherence,eating disorder symptoms,body image-related psychological factors(social physique anxiety,appearance control beliefs,body surveillance,body shame,and self-esteem),and sociodemographic characteristics.SEM was performed to analyze relationships and sex-based differences.Results:Social physique anxietywas positively associated with body shame,body surveillance,and eating disorders,and negatively associated with self-esteem,PA engagement,and appearance control beliefs(all p<0.001).Appearance control beliefs were positively related to self-esteem,body surveillance,and PA(all p<0.05).Body surveillance was negatively linked to PA and positively linked to body shame.Mediterranean diet adherence and eating disorders were positively associated with PA(all p<0.001).Sex-based differences were observed in the model.Conclusion:Body image-related psychological factors may act as barriers to PA among university students.Interventions should integrate mental health promotion and consider sex differences.
