Objective The rising prevalence of childhood obesity is closely associated with suboptimal dietary patterns.To address this public health concern,we conducted a comprehensive study to examine the association between c...Objective The rising prevalence of childhood obesity is closely associated with suboptimal dietary patterns.To address this public health concern,we conducted a comprehensive study to examine the association between coarse cereals consumption and body fat percentage(BFP)in Chinese children and adolescents.Methods The study included 48,305 children aged 6–17 years from 28 districts/counties in 14 provinces across seven regions of China(24,152 girls and 24,153 boys).BFP was examined using bioelectrical impedance analysis in the early morning.Coarse cereals consumption was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire and categorized into three groups:0 g/1,000 kcal per day,0–10 g/1,000kcal per day,and>10 g/1,000 kcal per day(daily consumption of coarse cereals×1,000/total energy consumption).Quantile regression model was used to analyze the association between coarse cereals and BFP,adjusting for potential confounders such as age,pubertal development stage,urban/rural and regional factors,total daily dietary energy consumption,sedentary time,moderate-to-high physical activity,household income,parental education,and consumption of other foods.Results Boys aged 6–10,11–14,and 15–17 years had median daily coarse cereals consumptions of6.6 g,7.1 g,and 5.7 g,with BFP of 19.6%,19.5%,and 17.5%(all P<0.05).Girls in the same age groups showed consumption of 7.1 g,8.4 g,and 6.7 g,with BFP of 20.3%,26.4%,and 31.0%(all P<0.05).The quantile regression results for boys showed that daily consumption of coarse cereals was significantly correlated with their BFP in the 0.15,0.25,and 0.50 quartiles,with regression coefficients of-0.257,-0.221,and-0.330,respectively,after adjusting for potential confounders(P<0.05).For girls,there was a significant correlation with PBF at the 0.05,0.15,0.25,0.50,0.75,and 0.85 quartiles,with regression coefficients of-0.258,-0.366,-0.372,-0.431,-0.472,and-0.503(P<0.05 for all).Conclusions Coarse cereals consumption among Chinese children and adolescents remains relatively low.Higher consumption was inversely associated with BFP in children aged 6–17 years.Future interventional studies should assess how increased coarse cereals consumption prevents childhood obesity.展开更多
Dear Editor,Ciliary body masses are diagnostically challenging due to their hidden location,diverse pathologies,and limited examination methods[1].We report a case of a ciliary body inflammatory mass treated with tran...Dear Editor,Ciliary body masses are diagnostically challenging due to their hidden location,diverse pathologies,and limited examination methods[1].We report a case of a ciliary body inflammatory mass treated with trans-scleral excision and antiinflammatory therapy,preserving functional vision.展开更多
Selecting the initial antipsychotic dose is a high-impact decision in acute schizophrenia.A randomized study found that starting lurasidone at 80 mg/day for 1 week(then flexible titration)produced earlier reductions i...Selecting the initial antipsychotic dose is a high-impact decision in acute schizophrenia.A randomized study found that starting lurasidone at 80 mg/day for 1 week(then flexible titration)produced earlier reductions in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale positive symptoms than 40 mg/day,without higher discontinuations for adverse events or a metabolic penalty over 6 weeks.These data support an individualized approach:Start at 80 mg/day when rapid control of positive symptoms or agitation is needed and tolerance permits;start at 40 mg/day when akathisia risk or patient preference argues for caution,with a planned day-7 review for up-titration.The open-label design,dose convergence after week 1,and the lack of stratified randomization limit attribution of longer-term advantages to starting dose.Even so,the trial reframes initial dose as a modifiable lever for the early course rather than a one-size-fits-all rule and warrants confirmation in larger,double-blind randomized trials.展开更多
Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss...Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss to reduce the associated health burden.Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior associated with enhanced health.Evidence supports that many of the benefits of physical activity are realized independent of initial weight status or whether weight loss is achieved,with some benefits additive to what is achieved with weight loss alone.These benefits include enhanced cardiometabolic,brain,cognitive and psychological health,and others.Moreover,in adults with overweight or obesity,physical activity has independent effects on cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular strength,physical function,and mobility.There are also benefits to body composition,with physical activity improving the quality of key tissues,such as skeletal muscle,which may not occur with diet-induced weight loss.Therefore,physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone.However,physical activity recommendations and programming efforts should consider the unique characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity to be most effective,and should support a focus on mobility,physical function,and other health outcomes.展开更多
The development of clinical candidates that modify the natural progression of sporadic Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies is a praiseworthy endeavor,but extremely challenging.Therapeutic candidates ...The development of clinical candidates that modify the natural progression of sporadic Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies is a praiseworthy endeavor,but extremely challenging.Therapeutic candidates that were successful in preclinical Parkinson's disease animal models have repeatedly failed when tested in clinical trials.While these failures have many possible explanations,it is perhaps time to recognize that the problem lies with the animal models rather than the putative candidate.In other words,the lack of adequate animal models of Parkinson's disease currently represents the main barrier to preclinical identification of potential disease-modifying therapies likely to succeed in clinical trials.However,this barrier may be overcome by the recent introduction of novel generations of viral vectors coding for different forms of alpha-synuclein species and related genes.Although still facing several limitations,these models have managed to mimic the known neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease with unprecedented accuracy,delineating a more optimistic scenario for the near future.展开更多
Purpose:This study examined potential differences in strength,muscle morphology,and motor unit(MU)behavior of the abductor digiti minimi(ADM)between normal-fat(NF)and over-fat(OF)males.Methods:Dual-energy X-ray absorp...Purpose:This study examined potential differences in strength,muscle morphology,and motor unit(MU)behavior of the abductor digiti minimi(ADM)between normal-fat(NF)and over-fat(OF)males.Methods:Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry assessed percent body fat(%BF).Ultrasonography determined muscle cross-sectional area(CSA),echo intensity(EI),and subcutaneous fat(s FAT).MU behavior was assessed during isometric muscle actions at 50%of maximal voluntary contraction(MVC)by analyzing the y-intercepts and slopes for the MU action potential amplitude(MUAPAMP)vs.recruitment threshold(RT)relationships,the A and B terms for the mean firing rate(MFR)vs.RT relationships,and normalized electromyographic amplitude(N-EMGRMS).MU firing times and waveforms were validated with reconstruct-and-test and spike trigger average procedures.Results:%BF was greater for OF(25.70%±5.40%)than NF(16.50%±2.20%;p<0.001).MVC was greater for NF(27.13±7.16)N than OF([19.89±4.96]N;p=0.014).CSA was greater for NF(2.48±0.39)cm^(2)than OF([1.95±0.47]cm^(2);p=0.011).The y-intercepts for the MUAPAMPvs.RT relationships were greater for NF(0.283±0.254)m V than OF([-0.221±0.659]m V;p=0.004).The B terms for the MFR vs.RT relationships were greater for NF(-0.024±0.003)pps/%MVC than OF([-0.031±0.009]pps/%MVC;p=0.038).N-EMGRMSwas similar between groups(p=0.463).Conclusion:Maximal strength,muscle size,and MU recruitment and firing rate patterns for a non-weight bearing muscle differed between normal-fat and over-fat males.展开更多
Pelagic appendicularians,known for their rapid bloom capability,are important secondary producers and play essential roles in marine ecosystems.To assess the environmental adaptation of the most common appendicularian...Pelagic appendicularians,known for their rapid bloom capability,are important secondary producers and play essential roles in marine ecosystems.To assess the environmental adaptation of the most common appendicularian species Oikopleura dioica in Jiaozhou Bay,Shandong,China,its annual variations in abundance and body size were investigated monthly at 12 stations in 2011,and the relationship between somatic growth and gonadal development was compared with previously published laboratory data.Oikopleura dioica exhibited distinct seasonal abundance patterns,peaking in summer and autumn,particularly in the inner bay,reflecting its adaptation to the eutrophic conditions and high food availability.Compared to laboratory results,O.dioica in Jiaozhou Bay exhibited shorter body lengths,smaller gonad volumes,and earlier maturation at reduced body sizes,despite high natural chlorophyll-a concentration,suggesting that factors beyond food availability,such as resource competition and environmental stressors,may limit its growth in natural settings.Correlation analysis indicated that the somatic growth of natural O.dioica was primarily influenced by temperature,while gonadal development was related to chlorophyll-a concentration,and its population abundance was linked to food availability and the abundance of other zooplankton,such as copepods and jellyfish.It was suggested that the growth and recruitment of O.dioica were constrained by resource limitations in natural environments,further exacerbated by interactions with other zooplankton,including predation and competition.This study provides valuable data on the mechanisms underlying bio-environmental interactions and their spatiotemporal variations,offering critical insights into the ecological roles of appendicularians in marine ecosystems.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the causal effect of obesity on cataract risk and explores the potential mediating roles of metabolites using Mendelian randomization(MR).METHODS:Summary-level data from large-scale genome-wide asso...AIM:To investigate the causal effect of obesity on cataract risk and explores the potential mediating roles of metabolites using Mendelian randomization(MR).METHODS:Summary-level data from large-scale genome-wide association studies to examine the relationship between obesity and cataract were utilized.Obesity-related traits,including body mass index(BMI),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR),and waist circumference(WC).A two-sample MR approach was employed to assess the causal effect of obesity on cataract risk,while potential mediators were identified from suitable genome-wide association studies(GWAS)datasets.Additionally,a metabolic pathway analysis was conducted.RESULTS:An increase of 1 standard deviation(SD)in BMI,WHR,and WC was associated with a significantly higher risk of cataract(BMI:odds ratio(OR)1.0017,95%confidence interval(CI):1.0001-1.0032,P=0.0320;WHR:OR 1.0029,95%CI:1.0006-1.0051,P=0.0129;WC:OR 1.0020,95%CI:1.0001-1.0038,P=0.0390].These associations remained robust after adjusting for confounding factors in multivariable MR analysis.Furthermore,a two-step MR analysis identified eight potential metabolic mediators,with one mediator showing a significant causal role in the relationship between obesity and cataract.CONCLUSION:This work highlights the importance of addressing obesity as a modifiable risk factor for cataracts,particularly through metabolic pathways.展开更多
Background:Penile augmentation through injectable substances is becoming increasingly common.A growing number of aesthetic clinics are developing penile enlargement procedures using various injectable materials.Althou...Background:Penile augmentation through injectable substances is becoming increasingly common.A growing number of aesthetic clinics are developing penile enlargement procedures using various injectable materials.Although these procedures are now performed in more controlled and medically supervised environments,their long-term outcomes remain poorly understood.The promotion of such medical treatments contributes to an increasing interest among adult males in self-injection as a method to alleviate psychological distress associated with penile size concerns.At the same time,access to injectable substances through unofficial or unregulated sources has become increasingly easy.Tor our knowledge,we report the first documented case of self-injection with Garamycin®(gentamicin)cream,contributing to the literature on the often multidisciplinary management of penile enlargement injections,a field still lacking well-established guidelines.Case Description:This case report describes a young patient who self-injected Garamycin®into the penis for the purpose of enlargement.He presented to our urology department with worsening symptoms,including severe and poorly tolerated pain.His primary request was prompt relief of pain while preserving,as much as possible,the aesthetic appearance and functional integrity of his penis.This case required a multi-stage surgical approach to salvage the penis and preserve both its structural integrity and functional outcome.Conclusions:To our knowledge,this case report documents the first reported instance of Garamycin®injection performed for the purpose of penile enlargement.It provides insight into the clinical course of such penile cream injections,demonstrates that a two-stage scrotal flap can achieve both functional and aesthetic outcomes,and highlights the importance of comprehensive management particularly addressing the traumatic impact of penile deformity secondary to inflammation and/or infection,as well as the body dysmorphic concerns often associated with these cases.展开更多
Overweight and obesity has been a major public health problem globally.It was estimated that more than 2.1 billion adults were affected by overweight or obese in 2021 worldwide,about one fifth of whom lived in China^(...Overweight and obesity has been a major public health problem globally.It was estimated that more than 2.1 billion adults were affected by overweight or obese in 2021 worldwide,about one fifth of whom lived in China^([1]).By 2050,the country is forecast to remain the one with the largest population of overweight and obese globally^([1]),if no effective strategies were applied on overweight/obesity control.展开更多
Background: Post-workout supplementation has been used in athletes and recreational exercisers;however, responses between normal and overweight individuals on exercise performance and muscle recovery are less known.Me...Background: Post-workout supplementation has been used in athletes and recreational exercisers;however, responses between normal and overweight individuals on exercise performance and muscle recovery are less known.Methods: Normal and overweight young adult males(21 subjects/group) participated in resistance and fatiguing exercises before receiving post-workout supplements: placebo, coenzyme Q10(CoQ10), or sports drink in a crossover design. Resistance exercises included upper body exercise(bench press, upright row, and standing shoulder press) and lower body exercise(dead lift, back squat, and front squat) at 75% of one-repetition maximum(1 RM). Fatiguing exercise was performed on a cycle ergometer with 3 min of all-out effort at 3.5% of body mass. Participants consumed post-workout supplements within 10 min of exercise completion and repeated-bout exercise was performed 1 h later, followed by cardiovascular responses, urinary biomarkers, and delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS) assessments.Results: There were effects of overweight on resistance exercise volume, critical power, fatigue index, and postexercise diastolic blood pressure(DBP). However, no differences in urinary biomarkers of muscle damage(potassium and creatinine) or DOMS between normal and overweight individuals. After supplementation, CoQ10 and sports drink increased resistance exercise volume regardless of body mass and increased critical power in the normal group. Additionally, CoQ10 supplementation was associated with a reduction in urinary biomarkers and DOMS in both groups.Conclusion: These findings are beneficial for sport scientists, nutritionists, and exercise physiologists in guiding post-workout supplementation with CoQ10 and sports drink to improve exercise performance and muscle recovery in normal and overweight individuals.展开更多
Purpose:ATLAS is a cross-sectional study aiming to investigate environmental and genetic determinants of athletic performance in healthy Greek competitive athletes(CA).This article presents the study design,investigat...Purpose:ATLAS is a cross-sectional study aiming to investigate environmental and genetic determinants of athletic performance in healthy Greek competitive athletes(CA).This article presents the study design,investigates the muscle strength performance(MSP)of 289 adult and teenage CA,exercisers,and physically inactive individuals(PI),and proposes predictive models of MSP for adults.Methods:Muscle maximal,speed,and explosive strength(MMS/MSS/MES)at unilateral maximal concentric flexion and extension contraction(FC/EC)were evaluated using Biodex System 3 PRO^(TM)at 60°/s,180°/s,and 300°/s,while additional performance markers were assessed through field ergometric testing.Participants were interviewed about their lifestyle,dietary habits,physical activity,injury,and medical history.Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance.gDNA was extracted from biochemical samples and then genotyped.Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics v21.0 and R.Results:Age,fitness,and sex impacted correlations of MSP with body composition and anthropometric measurements(p<0.05).Among CA,females outperformed males in accuracy(p<0.001)while,males outperformed females in anaerobic power,MSP,speed,and endurance(p<0.001).Adult CA outperformed exercisers and PI in MMS,MSS,and MES(p<0.05).Multiple linear regression models,with predictors age,FFM,body extremity,training load explained the majority of variation in MMS(R^(2)_(adj):71.4%–88.9%),MSS(R^(2)_(adj):64.8%–78.4%),and MES(R^(2)_(adj):52.7%–68.4%)at EC,FC,and their mean(p<0.001).Conclusions:Muscle-strengthening strategies should be customized according to individual fitness levels,body composition,and anthropometric measurements.The innovative sex-specific regression models assessing MMS,MSS,and MES at EC and FC provide a framework for personalizing rehabilitation and skill-specific training strategies.展开更多
Objective Previous studies link lower body mass index(BMI)with increased obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)risk,yet other body mass indicators may be more etioloically relevant.We dissected the causal association betw...Objective Previous studies link lower body mass index(BMI)with increased obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)risk,yet other body mass indicators may be more etioloically relevant.We dissected the causal association between body fat mass(FM)and OCD.Methods Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of European ancestry were utilized to conduct two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Heterogeneity,horizontal pleiotropy,and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness.Results The inverse variance weighting method demonstrated that a genetically predicted decrease in FM was causally associated with an increased OCD risk[odds ratio(OR)=0.680,95%confidence interval(CI):0.528–0.875,P=0.003].Similar estimates were obtained using the weighted median approach(OR=0.633,95%CI:0.438–0.915,P=0.015).Each standard deviation increases in genetically predicted body fat percentage corresponded to a reduced OCD risk(OR=0.638,95%CI:0.455–0.896,P=0.009).The sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings with no outlier instrument variables identified.Conclusion The negative causal association between FM and the risk of OCD suggests that the prevention or treatment of mental disorders should include not only the control of BMI but also fat distribution and body composition.展开更多
[Significance]In alignment with the national germplasm security strategy,current research efforts are accelerating the adoption of precision breeding in sheep.Within the whole-genome selection,accurate phenotyping of ...[Significance]In alignment with the national germplasm security strategy,current research efforts are accelerating the adoption of precision breeding in sheep.Within the whole-genome selection,accurate phenotyping of body morphometrics is critical for assessing growth performance and breeding value.Traditional manual measurements are inefficient,prone to human error,and may cause stress to sheep,limiting their suitability for precision sheep management.By summarizing the applications of sheep body size measurement technologies and analyzing their development directions,this paper provides theoretical references and practical guidance for the research and application of non contact sheep body size measurement.[Progress]This review synthesizes progress across three principal methodological paradigms:two-dimensional(2D)image-based techniques,three-dimensional(3D)point cloud-based approaches,and integrated 2D-3D fusion systems.2D methods,employing either handcrafted geometric features or deep learning-based keypoint detector algorithms,are cost-effective and operationally simple but sensitive to variation in imaging conditions and unable to capture critical circumference metrics.3D point-cloud approaches enable precise reconstruction of full animal morphology,supporting comprehensive body-size acquisition with higher accuracy,yet face challenges including high hardware costs,complex data workflows,and sensitivity to posture variability.Hybrid 2D-3D fusion systems combine semantic richness from RGB imagery with geometric completeness from point clouds.Having been effectively validated in other livestock specise,e.g.,cattle and pigs,these fusion systems have demonstrated excellent performance,providing important technical references and practical insights for sheep body size measurement.[Conclusions and Prospects]Firstly,future research should focus on constructing large-scale,high-quality datasets for sheep body size measurement that encompass diverse breeds,growth stages,and environmental conditions,thereby enhancing model robustness and generalization.Secondly,the development of lightweight artificial intelligence models is essential.Techniques such as model compression,quantization,and algorithmic optimization can substantially reduce computational complexity and storage requirements,facilitating deployment in resource-constrained environments.Thirdly,the 3D point cloud processing pipeline should be streamlined to improve the efficiency of data acquisition,filtering,registration,and segmentation,while promoting the integration of low-cost,high-resilience vision systems into practical farming scenarios.Fourthly,specific emphasis should be placed on improving the accuracy of curved-dimensional measurements,such as chest circumference,abdominal circumference,and shank circumference,through advances in pose standardization,refined 3D segmentation strategies,and multimodal data fusion.Finally,the cross-fertilization of sheep body size measurement technologies with analogous methods for other livestock species offers a promising pathway for mutual learning and collaborative innovation,accelerating the industrialization of automated sheep morphometric systems and supporting the development of intelligent,data-driven pasture management practices.展开更多
Over a century ago,the first clinical and neuropathological insights into major neurodegenerative diseases began to emerge:the description of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)by Alois Alzheimer in 1906,frontotemporal dementia ...Over a century ago,the first clinical and neuropathological insights into major neurodegenerative diseases began to emerge:the description of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)by Alois Alzheimer in 1906,frontotemporal dementia by Arnold Pick in the same years,and Lewy bodies by Friedrich Lewy in 1912.These foundational studies laid the groundwork for the classification of what we now recognize as distinct neurodegenerative entities(Allali,2024).展开更多
Detecting biomarkers in body fluids by optical lateral flow immune assay(LFIA) technology provides rapid access to disease information for early diagnosis.LFIA is based on an antigen-antibody reaction and is rapidly b...Detecting biomarkers in body fluids by optical lateral flow immune assay(LFIA) technology provides rapid access to disease information for early diagnosis.LFIA is based on an antigen-antibody reaction and is rapidly becoming the preferred choice of physicians and patients for point-of-care testing due to its simplicity,cost-effectiveness,and rapid detection.Observing the optical signal change from the colloidal gold of the traditional LFIA strip has been widely applied for various biomarkers detection in body fluids.Despite the significant progress,rapid real-time detection of color changes in the colloidal gold by the naked eye still faces many limitations,such as large errors and the inability to quantify and accurately detect.New optical LFIA strip technology has emerged in recent years to extend its application scenarios for achieving quantitative detection such as fluorescence,afterglow,and chemiluminescence.Herein,we summarized the development of optical LFIA technology from single to hyphenated optical signals for biomarkers detection in body fluids from invasive and non-invasive sources.Moreover,the challenge and outlook of optical LFIA strip technology are highlighted to inspire the designing of next-generation diagnostic platforms.展开更多
Brachinite is a group of primitive achondrites that enables investigating the evolution of asteroids not fully diff erentiated in the early stage of the solar system.Kumtag 061 is a new meteorite sample collected on O...Brachinite is a group of primitive achondrites that enables investigating the evolution of asteroids not fully diff erentiated in the early stage of the solar system.Kumtag 061 is a new meteorite sample collected on October 27,2019,in Kumtag Desert,Xinjiang Province,China.The oxygen isotope composition(δ^(18)O=5.086‰,δ^(17)O=2.396‰,Δ’^(17)O=-0.298‰)and petrologic and mineralogic analysis suggest Kumtag 061 is a heavy-impacted brachinite(S4-S5).The geochemical composition suggests Kumtag 061 represents a partial melting residue of the brachinite parent body.Based on the noble gas composition,the cosmic ray exposure age of Kumtag 061 is 60.9±9.0 Ma.Combined with the gas retention ages,they indicate a(series of)thermal events on the parent body of brachinites before Kumtag 061 was ejected into space.展开更多
Background:Minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy(MIDP)is increasingly being used,although its oncologic safety for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)remains controversial.In Japan,MIDP for PDAC has limited endo...Background:Minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy(MIDP)is increasingly being used,although its oncologic safety for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)remains controversial.In Japan,MIDP for PDAC has limited endorsement due to insufficient data.This study aimed to compare the perioperative and long-term outcomes of open distal pancreatectomy(ODP)and MIDP for PDAC.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed patients with resectable pancreatic body and tail cancer treated with ODP or MIDP(laparoscopic or robotic)between January 2007 and July 2022.The surgical procedures(ODP and MIDP)were compared and the patient characteristics,perioperative outcomes,and long-term outcomes were analyzed.We also compared the outcomes of patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)and without NAC.Results:A total of 72 distal pancreatectomies were performed(37 ODPs and 35 MIDPs).In the upfront group,MIDP resulted in significantly less blood loss than ODP(P<0.01),despite similar operative time.There was no statistically significant difference in the 2-year recurrence-free survival(RFS)rates between ODP and MIDP(39.7%vs.57.8%,P=0.60)or in the overall survival(OS)rates(66.7%vs.74.1%,P=0.43).Similarly,in the NAC group,MIDP resulted in significantly less blood loss than ODP(P=0.01);ODP and MIDP had similar 2-year RFS rates(41.7%and 60.0%,P=0.75)and OS rates(50.0%and 70.0%,P=0.36).The interval from surgery to adjuvant chemotherapy initiation did not significantly differ between the ODP and MIDP subgroups in both the upfront group(P=0.13)and the NAC group(P=0.14).The incidence of recurrence was 64.8%for ODP and 42.8%for MIDP(P=0.06).Both procedures showed similar distributions of local and distant recurrence.Conclusions:MIDP caused less blood loss and had similar oncologic safety compared with ODP.MIDP could become a feasible,minimally invasive option with sufficient oncologic safety for pancreatic body and tail cancers.展开更多
Electron–hole(e–h)recombination is a fundamental process that governs energy dissipation and device efficiency in semiconductors.In two-dimensional(2D)materials,the formation of tightly bound excitons makes exciton-...Electron–hole(e–h)recombination is a fundamental process that governs energy dissipation and device efficiency in semiconductors.In two-dimensional(2D)materials,the formation of tightly bound excitons makes exciton-mediated e–h recombination the dominant decay pathway.In this work,nonradiative e–h recombination within excitons in monolayer MoS_(2) is investigated using first-principles simulations that combine nonadiabatic molecular dynamics with GW and real-time Bethe–Salpeter equation(BSE)propagation.A two-step process is identified:rapid intervalley redistribution induced by exchange interaction,followed by slower phonon-assisted recombination facilitated by exciton binding.By selectively removing the screened Coulomb and exchange terms from the BSE Hamiltonian,their respective contributions are disentangled—exchange interaction is found to increase the number of accessible recombination pathways,while binding reduces the excitation energy and enhances nonradiative decay.A reduction in recombination lifetime by over an order of magnitude is observed due to the excitonic many-body effects.These findings provide microscopic insights for understanding and tuning exciton lifetimes in 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides.展开更多
Seabed mining operations have been found to induce significant movement and deformation in overlying rock strata,posing serious threats to mining safety.The presence of geological faults further complicates these defo...Seabed mining operations have been found to induce significant movement and deformation in overlying rock strata,posing serious threats to mining safety.The presence of geological faults further complicates these deformation patterns.This study utilized geophysical surveys and the continuum-based discrete element method(CDEM)to investigate how fault activity influences rock deformation and failure.The results demonstrate that:1)Acting in mechanically weak zones,faults exerted a pronounced barrier effect on deformation propagation and stress redistribution within the surrounding rock,leading to markedly divergent displacement patterns on either side of the fault plane.Comparative analyses between single-fault and double-fault models revealed an 18%−22%expansion of the damage zone under the latter,together with significantly intensified deformation and failure;2)The double-fault model exhibited a larger maximum cumulative vertical displacement and a spatial shift in the location of peak deformation,thereby posing a heightened threat to mine safety;3)Acting in an orebody substitute,backfill effectively constrained surrounding rock deformation,enhanced its load-bearing capacity,and delayed the overburden subsidence.Nevertheless,backfill only reduced the amplitude of deformation;it could not entirely prevent settlement.These findings provide essential theoretical insights and foundational knowledge for safer submarine mining practices.展开更多
基金supported by the Special Project of National Science and Technology Basic Resources Survey(Grant No.2017FY101100)。
文摘Objective The rising prevalence of childhood obesity is closely associated with suboptimal dietary patterns.To address this public health concern,we conducted a comprehensive study to examine the association between coarse cereals consumption and body fat percentage(BFP)in Chinese children and adolescents.Methods The study included 48,305 children aged 6–17 years from 28 districts/counties in 14 provinces across seven regions of China(24,152 girls and 24,153 boys).BFP was examined using bioelectrical impedance analysis in the early morning.Coarse cereals consumption was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire and categorized into three groups:0 g/1,000 kcal per day,0–10 g/1,000kcal per day,and>10 g/1,000 kcal per day(daily consumption of coarse cereals×1,000/total energy consumption).Quantile regression model was used to analyze the association between coarse cereals and BFP,adjusting for potential confounders such as age,pubertal development stage,urban/rural and regional factors,total daily dietary energy consumption,sedentary time,moderate-to-high physical activity,household income,parental education,and consumption of other foods.Results Boys aged 6–10,11–14,and 15–17 years had median daily coarse cereals consumptions of6.6 g,7.1 g,and 5.7 g,with BFP of 19.6%,19.5%,and 17.5%(all P<0.05).Girls in the same age groups showed consumption of 7.1 g,8.4 g,and 6.7 g,with BFP of 20.3%,26.4%,and 31.0%(all P<0.05).The quantile regression results for boys showed that daily consumption of coarse cereals was significantly correlated with their BFP in the 0.15,0.25,and 0.50 quartiles,with regression coefficients of-0.257,-0.221,and-0.330,respectively,after adjusting for potential confounders(P<0.05).For girls,there was a significant correlation with PBF at the 0.05,0.15,0.25,0.50,0.75,and 0.85 quartiles,with regression coefficients of-0.258,-0.366,-0.372,-0.431,-0.472,and-0.503(P<0.05 for all).Conclusions Coarse cereals consumption among Chinese children and adolescents remains relatively low.Higher consumption was inversely associated with BFP in children aged 6–17 years.Future interventional studies should assess how increased coarse cereals consumption prevents childhood obesity.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82101113).
文摘Dear Editor,Ciliary body masses are diagnostically challenging due to their hidden location,diverse pathologies,and limited examination methods[1].We report a case of a ciliary body inflammatory mass treated with trans-scleral excision and antiinflammatory therapy,preserving functional vision.
文摘Selecting the initial antipsychotic dose is a high-impact decision in acute schizophrenia.A randomized study found that starting lurasidone at 80 mg/day for 1 week(then flexible titration)produced earlier reductions in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale positive symptoms than 40 mg/day,without higher discontinuations for adverse events or a metabolic penalty over 6 weeks.These data support an individualized approach:Start at 80 mg/day when rapid control of positive symptoms or agitation is needed and tolerance permits;start at 40 mg/day when akathisia risk or patient preference argues for caution,with a planned day-7 review for up-titration.The open-label design,dose convergence after week 1,and the lack of stratified randomization limit attribution of longer-term advantages to starting dose.Even so,the trial reframes initial dose as a modifiable lever for the early course rather than a one-size-fits-all rule and warrants confirmation in larger,double-blind randomized trials.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health for the Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research(award No.P20GM144269)support from the Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(award No.KL2TR002367)supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(award No.TL1TR002368)。
文摘Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss to reduce the associated health burden.Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior associated with enhanced health.Evidence supports that many of the benefits of physical activity are realized independent of initial weight status or whether weight loss is achieved,with some benefits additive to what is achieved with weight loss alone.These benefits include enhanced cardiometabolic,brain,cognitive and psychological health,and others.Moreover,in adults with overweight or obesity,physical activity has independent effects on cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular strength,physical function,and mobility.There are also benefits to body composition,with physical activity improving the quality of key tissues,such as skeletal muscle,which may not occur with diet-induced weight loss.Therefore,physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone.However,physical activity recommendations and programming efforts should consider the unique characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity to be most effective,and should support a focus on mobility,physical function,and other health outcomes.
基金supported by grants PID2020-120308RB-I00 and PID2023-147802OB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033FEDER,UE,by Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s(ref.ASAP-020505)through the Michael J.Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research+1 种基金by CiberNed Intramural Collaborative Projects(ref.PI2020/09)by the Spanish Fundación Mutua Madrile?a de Investigación Médica(to JLL)。
文摘The development of clinical candidates that modify the natural progression of sporadic Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies is a praiseworthy endeavor,but extremely challenging.Therapeutic candidates that were successful in preclinical Parkinson's disease animal models have repeatedly failed when tested in clinical trials.While these failures have many possible explanations,it is perhaps time to recognize that the problem lies with the animal models rather than the putative candidate.In other words,the lack of adequate animal models of Parkinson's disease currently represents the main barrier to preclinical identification of potential disease-modifying therapies likely to succeed in clinical trials.However,this barrier may be overcome by the recent introduction of novel generations of viral vectors coding for different forms of alpha-synuclein species and related genes.Although still facing several limitations,these models have managed to mimic the known neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease with unprecedented accuracy,delineating a more optimistic scenario for the near future.
文摘Purpose:This study examined potential differences in strength,muscle morphology,and motor unit(MU)behavior of the abductor digiti minimi(ADM)between normal-fat(NF)and over-fat(OF)males.Methods:Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry assessed percent body fat(%BF).Ultrasonography determined muscle cross-sectional area(CSA),echo intensity(EI),and subcutaneous fat(s FAT).MU behavior was assessed during isometric muscle actions at 50%of maximal voluntary contraction(MVC)by analyzing the y-intercepts and slopes for the MU action potential amplitude(MUAPAMP)vs.recruitment threshold(RT)relationships,the A and B terms for the mean firing rate(MFR)vs.RT relationships,and normalized electromyographic amplitude(N-EMGRMS).MU firing times and waveforms were validated with reconstruct-and-test and spike trigger average procedures.Results:%BF was greater for OF(25.70%±5.40%)than NF(16.50%±2.20%;p<0.001).MVC was greater for NF(27.13±7.16)N than OF([19.89±4.96]N;p=0.014).CSA was greater for NF(2.48±0.39)cm^(2)than OF([1.95±0.47]cm^(2);p=0.011).The y-intercepts for the MUAPAMPvs.RT relationships were greater for NF(0.283±0.254)m V than OF([-0.221±0.659]m V;p=0.004).The B terms for the MFR vs.RT relationships were greater for NF(-0.024±0.003)pps/%MVC than OF([-0.031±0.009]pps/%MVC;p=0.038).N-EMGRMSwas similar between groups(p=0.463).Conclusion:Maximal strength,muscle size,and MU recruitment and firing rate patterns for a non-weight bearing muscle differed between normal-fat and over-fat males.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFC3108205,2023YFC3108201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42306153)。
文摘Pelagic appendicularians,known for their rapid bloom capability,are important secondary producers and play essential roles in marine ecosystems.To assess the environmental adaptation of the most common appendicularian species Oikopleura dioica in Jiaozhou Bay,Shandong,China,its annual variations in abundance and body size were investigated monthly at 12 stations in 2011,and the relationship between somatic growth and gonadal development was compared with previously published laboratory data.Oikopleura dioica exhibited distinct seasonal abundance patterns,peaking in summer and autumn,particularly in the inner bay,reflecting its adaptation to the eutrophic conditions and high food availability.Compared to laboratory results,O.dioica in Jiaozhou Bay exhibited shorter body lengths,smaller gonad volumes,and earlier maturation at reduced body sizes,despite high natural chlorophyll-a concentration,suggesting that factors beyond food availability,such as resource competition and environmental stressors,may limit its growth in natural settings.Correlation analysis indicated that the somatic growth of natural O.dioica was primarily influenced by temperature,while gonadal development was related to chlorophyll-a concentration,and its population abundance was linked to food availability and the abundance of other zooplankton,such as copepods and jellyfish.It was suggested that the growth and recruitment of O.dioica were constrained by resource limitations in natural environments,further exacerbated by interactions with other zooplankton,including predation and competition.This study provides valuable data on the mechanisms underlying bio-environmental interactions and their spatiotemporal variations,offering critical insights into the ecological roles of appendicularians in marine ecosystems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82501261)Medical Research Projects of the Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission(No.M2024041).
文摘AIM:To investigate the causal effect of obesity on cataract risk and explores the potential mediating roles of metabolites using Mendelian randomization(MR).METHODS:Summary-level data from large-scale genome-wide association studies to examine the relationship between obesity and cataract were utilized.Obesity-related traits,including body mass index(BMI),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR),and waist circumference(WC).A two-sample MR approach was employed to assess the causal effect of obesity on cataract risk,while potential mediators were identified from suitable genome-wide association studies(GWAS)datasets.Additionally,a metabolic pathway analysis was conducted.RESULTS:An increase of 1 standard deviation(SD)in BMI,WHR,and WC was associated with a significantly higher risk of cataract(BMI:odds ratio(OR)1.0017,95%confidence interval(CI):1.0001-1.0032,P=0.0320;WHR:OR 1.0029,95%CI:1.0006-1.0051,P=0.0129;WC:OR 1.0020,95%CI:1.0001-1.0038,P=0.0390].These associations remained robust after adjusting for confounding factors in multivariable MR analysis.Furthermore,a two-step MR analysis identified eight potential metabolic mediators,with one mediator showing a significant causal role in the relationship between obesity and cataract.CONCLUSION:This work highlights the importance of addressing obesity as a modifiable risk factor for cataracts,particularly through metabolic pathways.
文摘Background:Penile augmentation through injectable substances is becoming increasingly common.A growing number of aesthetic clinics are developing penile enlargement procedures using various injectable materials.Although these procedures are now performed in more controlled and medically supervised environments,their long-term outcomes remain poorly understood.The promotion of such medical treatments contributes to an increasing interest among adult males in self-injection as a method to alleviate psychological distress associated with penile size concerns.At the same time,access to injectable substances through unofficial or unregulated sources has become increasingly easy.Tor our knowledge,we report the first documented case of self-injection with Garamycin®(gentamicin)cream,contributing to the literature on the often multidisciplinary management of penile enlargement injections,a field still lacking well-established guidelines.Case Description:This case report describes a young patient who self-injected Garamycin®into the penis for the purpose of enlargement.He presented to our urology department with worsening symptoms,including severe and poorly tolerated pain.His primary request was prompt relief of pain while preserving,as much as possible,the aesthetic appearance and functional integrity of his penis.This case required a multi-stage surgical approach to salvage the penis and preserve both its structural integrity and functional outcome.Conclusions:To our knowledge,this case report documents the first reported instance of Garamycin®injection performed for the purpose of penile enlargement.It provides insight into the clinical course of such penile cream injections,demonstrates that a two-stage scrotal flap can achieve both functional and aesthetic outcomes,and highlights the importance of comprehensive management particularly addressing the traumatic impact of penile deformity secondary to inflammation and/or infection,as well as the body dysmorphic concerns often associated with these cases.
文摘Overweight and obesity has been a major public health problem globally.It was estimated that more than 2.1 billion adults were affected by overweight or obese in 2021 worldwide,about one fifth of whom lived in China^([1]).By 2050,the country is forecast to remain the one with the largest population of overweight and obese globally^([1]),if no effective strategies were applied on overweight/obesity control.
基金supported by the MUSC-TU Scholarship for Human Resource Development in Science & Technology in the Remembrance of Late King Rama Ⅸ of ThailandPartial Funding for Graduate Student Thesis for the Year 2021 by the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Graduate Studies of Mahidol University Alumni Association。
文摘Background: Post-workout supplementation has been used in athletes and recreational exercisers;however, responses between normal and overweight individuals on exercise performance and muscle recovery are less known.Methods: Normal and overweight young adult males(21 subjects/group) participated in resistance and fatiguing exercises before receiving post-workout supplements: placebo, coenzyme Q10(CoQ10), or sports drink in a crossover design. Resistance exercises included upper body exercise(bench press, upright row, and standing shoulder press) and lower body exercise(dead lift, back squat, and front squat) at 75% of one-repetition maximum(1 RM). Fatiguing exercise was performed on a cycle ergometer with 3 min of all-out effort at 3.5% of body mass. Participants consumed post-workout supplements within 10 min of exercise completion and repeated-bout exercise was performed 1 h later, followed by cardiovascular responses, urinary biomarkers, and delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS) assessments.Results: There were effects of overweight on resistance exercise volume, critical power, fatigue index, and postexercise diastolic blood pressure(DBP). However, no differences in urinary biomarkers of muscle damage(potassium and creatinine) or DOMS between normal and overweight individuals. After supplementation, CoQ10 and sports drink increased resistance exercise volume regardless of body mass and increased critical power in the normal group. Additionally, CoQ10 supplementation was associated with a reduction in urinary biomarkers and DOMS in both groups.Conclusion: These findings are beneficial for sport scientists, nutritionists, and exercise physiologists in guiding post-workout supplementation with CoQ10 and sports drink to improve exercise performance and muscle recovery in normal and overweight individuals.
文摘Purpose:ATLAS is a cross-sectional study aiming to investigate environmental and genetic determinants of athletic performance in healthy Greek competitive athletes(CA).This article presents the study design,investigates the muscle strength performance(MSP)of 289 adult and teenage CA,exercisers,and physically inactive individuals(PI),and proposes predictive models of MSP for adults.Methods:Muscle maximal,speed,and explosive strength(MMS/MSS/MES)at unilateral maximal concentric flexion and extension contraction(FC/EC)were evaluated using Biodex System 3 PRO^(TM)at 60°/s,180°/s,and 300°/s,while additional performance markers were assessed through field ergometric testing.Participants were interviewed about their lifestyle,dietary habits,physical activity,injury,and medical history.Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance.gDNA was extracted from biochemical samples and then genotyped.Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics v21.0 and R.Results:Age,fitness,and sex impacted correlations of MSP with body composition and anthropometric measurements(p<0.05).Among CA,females outperformed males in accuracy(p<0.001)while,males outperformed females in anaerobic power,MSP,speed,and endurance(p<0.001).Adult CA outperformed exercisers and PI in MMS,MSS,and MES(p<0.05).Multiple linear regression models,with predictors age,FFM,body extremity,training load explained the majority of variation in MMS(R^(2)_(adj):71.4%–88.9%),MSS(R^(2)_(adj):64.8%–78.4%),and MES(R^(2)_(adj):52.7%–68.4%)at EC,FC,and their mean(p<0.001).Conclusions:Muscle-strengthening strategies should be customized according to individual fitness levels,body composition,and anthropometric measurements.The innovative sex-specific regression models assessing MMS,MSS,and MES at EC and FC provide a framework for personalizing rehabilitation and skill-specific training strategies.
基金supported by the Yanzhao Gold Talent Project of Hebei Province(NO.HJZD202506)。
文摘Objective Previous studies link lower body mass index(BMI)with increased obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)risk,yet other body mass indicators may be more etioloically relevant.We dissected the causal association between body fat mass(FM)and OCD.Methods Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of European ancestry were utilized to conduct two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Heterogeneity,horizontal pleiotropy,and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness.Results The inverse variance weighting method demonstrated that a genetically predicted decrease in FM was causally associated with an increased OCD risk[odds ratio(OR)=0.680,95%confidence interval(CI):0.528–0.875,P=0.003].Similar estimates were obtained using the weighted median approach(OR=0.633,95%CI:0.438–0.915,P=0.015).Each standard deviation increases in genetically predicted body fat percentage corresponded to a reduced OCD risk(OR=0.638,95%CI:0.455–0.896,P=0.009).The sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings with no outlier instrument variables identified.Conclusion The negative causal association between FM and the risk of OCD suggests that the prevention or treatment of mental disorders should include not only the control of BMI but also fat distribution and body composition.
文摘[Significance]In alignment with the national germplasm security strategy,current research efforts are accelerating the adoption of precision breeding in sheep.Within the whole-genome selection,accurate phenotyping of body morphometrics is critical for assessing growth performance and breeding value.Traditional manual measurements are inefficient,prone to human error,and may cause stress to sheep,limiting their suitability for precision sheep management.By summarizing the applications of sheep body size measurement technologies and analyzing their development directions,this paper provides theoretical references and practical guidance for the research and application of non contact sheep body size measurement.[Progress]This review synthesizes progress across three principal methodological paradigms:two-dimensional(2D)image-based techniques,three-dimensional(3D)point cloud-based approaches,and integrated 2D-3D fusion systems.2D methods,employing either handcrafted geometric features or deep learning-based keypoint detector algorithms,are cost-effective and operationally simple but sensitive to variation in imaging conditions and unable to capture critical circumference metrics.3D point-cloud approaches enable precise reconstruction of full animal morphology,supporting comprehensive body-size acquisition with higher accuracy,yet face challenges including high hardware costs,complex data workflows,and sensitivity to posture variability.Hybrid 2D-3D fusion systems combine semantic richness from RGB imagery with geometric completeness from point clouds.Having been effectively validated in other livestock specise,e.g.,cattle and pigs,these fusion systems have demonstrated excellent performance,providing important technical references and practical insights for sheep body size measurement.[Conclusions and Prospects]Firstly,future research should focus on constructing large-scale,high-quality datasets for sheep body size measurement that encompass diverse breeds,growth stages,and environmental conditions,thereby enhancing model robustness and generalization.Secondly,the development of lightweight artificial intelligence models is essential.Techniques such as model compression,quantization,and algorithmic optimization can substantially reduce computational complexity and storage requirements,facilitating deployment in resource-constrained environments.Thirdly,the 3D point cloud processing pipeline should be streamlined to improve the efficiency of data acquisition,filtering,registration,and segmentation,while promoting the integration of low-cost,high-resilience vision systems into practical farming scenarios.Fourthly,specific emphasis should be placed on improving the accuracy of curved-dimensional measurements,such as chest circumference,abdominal circumference,and shank circumference,through advances in pose standardization,refined 3D segmentation strategies,and multimodal data fusion.Finally,the cross-fertilization of sheep body size measurement technologies with analogous methods for other livestock species offers a promising pathway for mutual learning and collaborative innovation,accelerating the industrialization of automated sheep morphometric systems and supporting the development of intelligent,data-driven pasture management practices.
文摘Over a century ago,the first clinical and neuropathological insights into major neurodegenerative diseases began to emerge:the description of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)by Alois Alzheimer in 1906,frontotemporal dementia by Arnold Pick in the same years,and Lewy bodies by Friedrich Lewy in 1912.These foundational studies laid the groundwork for the classification of what we now recognize as distinct neurodegenerative entities(Allali,2024).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22234005,22494632,22404081)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Nos.BK20222015,BK20240534)。
文摘Detecting biomarkers in body fluids by optical lateral flow immune assay(LFIA) technology provides rapid access to disease information for early diagnosis.LFIA is based on an antigen-antibody reaction and is rapidly becoming the preferred choice of physicians and patients for point-of-care testing due to its simplicity,cost-effectiveness,and rapid detection.Observing the optical signal change from the colloidal gold of the traditional LFIA strip has been widely applied for various biomarkers detection in body fluids.Despite the significant progress,rapid real-time detection of color changes in the colloidal gold by the naked eye still faces many limitations,such as large errors and the inability to quantify and accurately detect.New optical LFIA strip technology has emerged in recent years to extend its application scenarios for achieving quantitative detection such as fluorescence,afterglow,and chemiluminescence.Herein,we summarized the development of optical LFIA technology from single to hyphenated optical signals for biomarkers detection in body fluids from invasive and non-invasive sources.Moreover,the challenge and outlook of optical LFIA strip technology are highlighted to inspire the designing of next-generation diagnostic platforms.
基金supported by the Project of Highlevel Innovative Talents of Guizhou Province(GCC[2022]017-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.42173046)。
文摘Brachinite is a group of primitive achondrites that enables investigating the evolution of asteroids not fully diff erentiated in the early stage of the solar system.Kumtag 061 is a new meteorite sample collected on October 27,2019,in Kumtag Desert,Xinjiang Province,China.The oxygen isotope composition(δ^(18)O=5.086‰,δ^(17)O=2.396‰,Δ’^(17)O=-0.298‰)and petrologic and mineralogic analysis suggest Kumtag 061 is a heavy-impacted brachinite(S4-S5).The geochemical composition suggests Kumtag 061 represents a partial melting residue of the brachinite parent body.Based on the noble gas composition,the cosmic ray exposure age of Kumtag 061 is 60.9±9.0 Ma.Combined with the gas retention ages,they indicate a(series of)thermal events on the parent body of brachinites before Kumtag 061 was ejected into space.
文摘Background:Minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy(MIDP)is increasingly being used,although its oncologic safety for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)remains controversial.In Japan,MIDP for PDAC has limited endorsement due to insufficient data.This study aimed to compare the perioperative and long-term outcomes of open distal pancreatectomy(ODP)and MIDP for PDAC.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed patients with resectable pancreatic body and tail cancer treated with ODP or MIDP(laparoscopic or robotic)between January 2007 and July 2022.The surgical procedures(ODP and MIDP)were compared and the patient characteristics,perioperative outcomes,and long-term outcomes were analyzed.We also compared the outcomes of patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)and without NAC.Results:A total of 72 distal pancreatectomies were performed(37 ODPs and 35 MIDPs).In the upfront group,MIDP resulted in significantly less blood loss than ODP(P<0.01),despite similar operative time.There was no statistically significant difference in the 2-year recurrence-free survival(RFS)rates between ODP and MIDP(39.7%vs.57.8%,P=0.60)or in the overall survival(OS)rates(66.7%vs.74.1%,P=0.43).Similarly,in the NAC group,MIDP resulted in significantly less blood loss than ODP(P=0.01);ODP and MIDP had similar 2-year RFS rates(41.7%and 60.0%,P=0.75)and OS rates(50.0%and 70.0%,P=0.36).The interval from surgery to adjuvant chemotherapy initiation did not significantly differ between the ODP and MIDP subgroups in both the upfront group(P=0.13)and the NAC group(P=0.14).The incidence of recurrence was 64.8%for ODP and 42.8%for MIDP(P=0.06).Both procedures showed similar distributions of local and distant recurrence.Conclusions:MIDP caused less blood loss and had similar oncologic safety compared with ODP.MIDP could become a feasible,minimally invasive option with sufficient oncologic safety for pancreatic body and tail cancers.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos.2024YFA1409800 for J.Z.and2024YFA1408603 for Q.Z.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12125408,12334004for J.Z.,and 12174363 for Q.Z.)+1 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No.2021ZD0303306 for J.Z.)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0450101 for J.Z.)。
文摘Electron–hole(e–h)recombination is a fundamental process that governs energy dissipation and device efficiency in semiconductors.In two-dimensional(2D)materials,the formation of tightly bound excitons makes exciton-mediated e–h recombination the dominant decay pathway.In this work,nonradiative e–h recombination within excitons in monolayer MoS_(2) is investigated using first-principles simulations that combine nonadiabatic molecular dynamics with GW and real-time Bethe–Salpeter equation(BSE)propagation.A two-step process is identified:rapid intervalley redistribution induced by exchange interaction,followed by slower phonon-assisted recombination facilitated by exciton binding.By selectively removing the screened Coulomb and exchange terms from the BSE Hamiltonian,their respective contributions are disentangled—exchange interaction is found to increase the number of accessible recombination pathways,while binding reduces the excitation energy and enhances nonradiative decay.A reduction in recombination lifetime by over an order of magnitude is observed due to the excitonic many-body effects.These findings provide microscopic insights for understanding and tuning exciton lifetimes in 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides.
基金Project(42072305)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘Seabed mining operations have been found to induce significant movement and deformation in overlying rock strata,posing serious threats to mining safety.The presence of geological faults further complicates these deformation patterns.This study utilized geophysical surveys and the continuum-based discrete element method(CDEM)to investigate how fault activity influences rock deformation and failure.The results demonstrate that:1)Acting in mechanically weak zones,faults exerted a pronounced barrier effect on deformation propagation and stress redistribution within the surrounding rock,leading to markedly divergent displacement patterns on either side of the fault plane.Comparative analyses between single-fault and double-fault models revealed an 18%−22%expansion of the damage zone under the latter,together with significantly intensified deformation and failure;2)The double-fault model exhibited a larger maximum cumulative vertical displacement and a spatial shift in the location of peak deformation,thereby posing a heightened threat to mine safety;3)Acting in an orebody substitute,backfill effectively constrained surrounding rock deformation,enhanced its load-bearing capacity,and delayed the overburden subsidence.Nevertheless,backfill only reduced the amplitude of deformation;it could not entirely prevent settlement.These findings provide essential theoretical insights and foundational knowledge for safer submarine mining practices.
