Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is a globally important oil crop.Web blotch is one of the most important foliar diseases affecting peanut,which results in serious yield losses worldwide.Breeding web blotch-resistant peanut...Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is a globally important oil crop.Web blotch is one of the most important foliar diseases affecting peanut,which results in serious yield losses worldwide.Breeding web blotch-resistant peanut varieties is the most effective and economically viable method for minimizing yield losses due to web blotch.In the current study,a bulked segregant analysis with next-generation sequencing was used to analyze an F2:3 segregating population and identify candidate loci related to web blotch resistance.Based on the fine-mapping of the candidate genomic interval using kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP)markers,we identified a novel web blotch resistance-related locus spanning approximately 169 kb on chromosome 16.This region included four annotated genes,of which only Arahy.35VVQ3 had a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in the coding region between the two parents.Two markers(Chr.16.12872635 and Chr.16.12966357)linked to this gene were shown to be co-segregated with the resistance of peanut web blotch by 72 randomly selected recombinant inbred lines(RIL),which could be used in marker-assisted breeding of resistant peanut varieties.展开更多
瓜类细菌性果斑病(bacterial fruit blotch)是瓜类作物上重要的种传细菌性病害,病原菌为西瓜噬酸菌Acidovorax citrulli。我国是全球西甜瓜的主要生产区。近年来,瓜类细菌性果斑病的频繁发生已严重影响我国西甜瓜产业的健康发展。为明...瓜类细菌性果斑病(bacterial fruit blotch)是瓜类作物上重要的种传细菌性病害,病原菌为西瓜噬酸菌Acidovorax citrulli。我国是全球西甜瓜的主要生产区。近年来,瓜类细菌性果斑病的频繁发生已严重影响我国西甜瓜产业的健康发展。为明确瓜类细菌性果斑病在我国的适生性,根据其在全球的最新分布数据,本研究利用MaxEnt模型结合ArcGIS软件预测了瓜类细菌性果斑病在我国的潜在地理分布。结果表明,MaxEnt模型的平均AUC(area under curve,AUC)值均大于0.9,预测结果的准确性较高。在历史气候条件下,瓜类细菌性果斑病适生区分布广泛,主要包括华中、华南和华东地区,以及部分华北、东北地区,占我国面积的47.36%。影响瓜类细菌性果斑病在我国潜在分布区域的主要气候因子包括最热月份最高温度、月平均昼夜温差、最干月份降水量和最干季平均温度。未来气候情景无论是低环境强迫还是高环境强迫,适生区面积均呈现增长的趋势,预示着随着气候的变化,瓜类细菌性果斑病在我国发生的风险不断增加,因此建议应加强检疫监测和防控,严防其扩散。展开更多
[ Objective] The purpose was to screen bacterium with antagonistic effect against pathogen of spot blotch disease in pakchoi in vegetable field. [Method] More than 200 strains of bacteria which could produce spore wer...[ Objective] The purpose was to screen bacterium with antagonistic effect against pathogen of spot blotch disease in pakchoi in vegetable field. [Method] More than 200 strains of bacteria which could produce spore were isolated from soil in different places. Through screening and rescreening, the bacteria with higher antibacterial activity were conducted observation about thallus shapes and colony characters, a series of physiological and biochemical tests were performed. [Result] Rescreening results indicated that the strains including ZG-10, ZG-19, ZG-59, ZG-72 and ZG-31 had significant antibacterial activity, which had very high research value and good application prospect for biocontrol on spot blotch disease in pakchoi; the strain ZG-10 was identified to be Bacillus subtilis. [ Conclusion] The strain ZG-10 had biocontrol potential and good development prospect. This research laid certain basis for subsequent research and strated a new way for the application of antagonistic strain and proteinum polypeptide in agdculture.展开更多
Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)is a significant global crop that thrives in various climatic and drought-stress conditions.Furthermore,increased drought intervals and more significant weather variability resulting from cli...Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)is a significant global crop that thrives in various climatic and drought-stress conditions.Furthermore,increased drought intervals and more significant weather variability resulting from climate change can affect the severity of plant diseases.Therefore,two primary objectives of integrated disease management regarding climate change are identifying cultivars resistant to foliar diseases and understanding disease progression under abiotic stress.In the current study,we assessed the quantitative foliar disease resistance of 17 commercial barley cultivars under both normal and water stress conditions over two growing seasons(from 2020/21 to 2021/22).The findings demonstrated a reduced incidence of foliar fungal diseases(leaf rust,net blotch,and powdery mildew)under severe drought stress relative to standard irrigated field conditions.The barley cultivars(Giza 130,Giza 131,and Giza 133)demonstrated significant differences across all disease resistance indices.In addition,the study aimed to molecularly characterize 17 commercial barley varieties using single-cell DNA testing(SCoT)to identify genetic polymorphism and specific markers for each genotype.Eight SCoT primers were employed to investigate the genetic polymorphism among 17 barley varieties.Furthermore,these cultivars exhibited optimal performance for the majority of agricultural attributes examined,both under normal and water-stressed conditions.展开更多
Petal blotch is a prevalent pigmentation pattern observed in the Xibei tree peony(Paeonia rockii),possessing significant aesthetic value and playing a crucial role in the species'reproduction and fitness.Despite y...Petal blotch is a prevalent pigmentation pattern observed in the Xibei tree peony(Paeonia rockii),possessing significant aesthetic value and playing a crucial role in the species'reproduction and fitness.Despite years of research,deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying blotch formation remains challenging.As is well known,floral pigmentation is frequently associated with the familiar R2R3-MYB transcription factors.The key MYB anthocyanin activators of P.rockii‘Shu Sheng Peng Mo’were previously reported in our preceding study.In this study,we identified and characterized three R2R3-MYBs,PrMYBi1,PrMYBi2,and PrMYBi3,which belong to subgroup 4(SG4)and play repressor roles in anthocyanin biosynthesis.A quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)assay indicated that the expression of PrMYBi1 and PrMYBi3 gradually increased during flowering development and was substantially up-regulated in non-blotch compared to blotch.Yeast one-hybrid and dualluciferase assays demonstrated that PrMYBi(1e3)directly target the anthocyanin structural genes and repress their transcription.The genetic transformation of tobacco demonstrated that the overexpression of PrMYBi(1e3)decreased anthocyanin accumulation in flowers,with PrMYBi1 serving as the most effective repressor.Our results revealed that SG4 R2R3-MYBs negatively regulate the anthocyanin pathway in P.rockii conservatively,and we provide the definite members.These findings will advance future research to unravel the mystery of blotch pattern formation.展开更多
Both grain yield and disease performance are important factors to consider for winter wheat （Triticum aestivum） cultivar selection. However, disease index and yield data are often presented separately, making it dif...Both grain yield and disease performance are important factors to consider for winter wheat （Triticum aestivum） cultivar selection. However, disease index and yield data are often presented separately, making it difficult to compare values across multiple environments. Two-year investigations （2009-2010）, in which eight common wheat lines/genotypes were included to test their susceptibility against wheat LR （leaf rust） Puccinia triticina f. sp. tritici Roberge ex Desm., and the SLB （SeptoriaJStagonospora leaf blotch） complex Septoria tritici Desm. and Stagonospora nodorum, were carried out in the experimental field of ATTC （Agriculture Technology Transfer Centre） of Lushnje （Albania）. The objective of this study was to use a rank-based method to compare cultivars based on yield and disease performance combined across multiple environments. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of an important and significant variability in the experimental materials used to evaluate the susceptibility and the resistance of common wheat lines against SLB and LR. There were high negative correlations between yieldS, tritici （0.6683） and yield--P, recondita f. sp. tritici （0.5261）. The negative effects of two pathogens have shown ＂the parallel＂/similar negative influences on yield trait and there was a high positive correlation （0.7631） between S. tritici and P. recondita f. sp. tritici. According to study results the lines Regina × L-776, IKB-P6 and Bullgar 3 × KB 703 have shown good results of resistance （R） level against S. tritici and P. recondita f. sp. tritici.展开更多
Citrus leaf blotch virus （CLBV） is a member of the genus Citrivirus, in the family Betaflexiviridae. It has been reported CLBV could infect kiwi, citrus and sweet cherry in China. Of 289 citrus samples from six regi...Citrus leaf blotch virus （CLBV） is a member of the genus Citrivirus, in the family Betaflexiviridae. It has been reported CLBV could infect kiwi, citrus and sweet cherry in China. Of 289 citrus samples from six regions of China, 15 were detected to be infected with CLBV in this study. The complete genome of four isolates of CLBV was obtained from Reikou in Sichuan （CLBV-LH）, Yura Wase in Zhejiang （CLBV-YL）, Bingtangcheng in Hunan （CLBV-BT）, Fengjie 72-1 in Chongqing （CLBV- F J）, respectively. While they all represented 8 747 nucleotides in monopartite size, excluding the poly（A） tail, each of the isolates coded three open reading frames （ORFs）. Identity of the four isolates ranged from 98.9 to 99.8% to each other and from 96.8 to 98.1% to the citrus references in GenBank by multiple alignment of genomes. A phylogenetic tree based on the genome sequences of available CLBV isolates indicated that the four isolates were clustered together, suggesting that CLBV isolates from citrus in China did not have obvious variation. This is the first report of the complete nucleotide sequences of CLBV isolates infecting citrus in China.展开更多
In this study, hyperspectral images were used to detect a fungal disease in apple leaves called Marssonina blotch(AMB). Estimation models were built to classify healthy, asymptomatic and symptomatic classes using part...In this study, hyperspectral images were used to detect a fungal disease in apple leaves called Marssonina blotch(AMB). Estimation models were built to classify healthy, asymptomatic and symptomatic classes using partial least squares regression(PLSR), principal component analysis(PCA), and linear discriminant analysis(LDA) multivariate methods. In general, the LDA estimation model performed the best among the three models in detecting AMB asymptomatic pixels, while all the models were able to detect the symptomatic class. LDA correctly classified asymptomatic pixels and LDA model predicted them with an accuracy of 88.0%. An accuracy of 91.4% was achieved as the total classification accuracy. The results from this work indicate the potential of using the LDA estimation model to identify asymptomatic pixels on leaves infected by AMB.展开更多
Peanut diseases seriously threaten peanut production, creating disease-resistant materials via interspecific hybridization is an effective way to deal with this problem. In this study, the embryo of an interspecific F...Peanut diseases seriously threaten peanut production, creating disease-resistant materials via interspecific hybridization is an effective way to deal with this problem. In this study, the embryo of an interspecific F1 hybrid was obtained by crossing the Silihong(Slh) cultivar with Arachis duranensis(ZW55), a diploid wild species. Seedlings were generated by embryo rescue and tissue culture. A true interspecific hybrid was then confirmed by cytological methods and molecular markers. After treating seedlings with colchicine during in vitro multiplication, the established interspecific F1 hybrid produced seeds which were named as Am1210. With oligonucleotide fluorescence in situ hybridization(Oligo FISH), molecular marker evaluations, morphological and web blotch resistance characterization, we found that: 1) Am1210 was an allohexaploid between Slh and ZW55;2) the traits of spreading lateral branches, single-seeded or double-seeded pods and red seed coats were observed to be dominant compared to the erect type, multiple-seeded pods and brown seed coats;3) the web blotch resistance of Am1210 was significantly improved than that of Slh, indicating the contribution of the web blotch resistance from the wild parent A. duranensis. In addition, 69 dominant and co-dominant molecular markers were developed which could be both used to verify the hybrid in this study and to identify translocation or introgression lines with A. duranensis chromosome fragments in future studies as well.展开更多
Purple blotch disease of Allium spp. crops caused by Alternaria porri has remained a major concern in agriculture for both farmers and research fraternity as it severely damages the crops and drastically reduces the y...Purple blotch disease of Allium spp. crops caused by Alternaria porri has remained a major concern in agriculture for both farmers and research fraternity as it severely damages the crops and drastically reduces the yield. The symptoms appear after 1–4 days of infection and bulb rot begin, and eventually turn into dark reddish-purple and then brownish/black lesions. Many factors like season, time of sowing, humidity and temperature, stage of crop, and plant architecture have a huge impact on the progression of purple blotch disease. Many genic markers based on amplification of an Alta1 gene sequence have been designed for identification and differentiation of different Alternaria species groups. Among the most commonly used fungicides, mancozeb, tebuconazole, difenaconazole and azoxystrobin were found to be the ideal for the management of purple blotch disease and increased garlic yield. Many biological approaches such as plant extracts and bio-control agents were found partially effective for controlling the disease. A report on QTL mapping for purple blotch resistance discovered that purple blotch resistance is controlled by a single dominant gene ApR1. To completely understand the purple blotch disease resistance for crop improvement, a study is required at transcriptome level for hunting purple blotch resistant genes by gene annotation and mining. Genetic engineering and genome editing are other approaches that can be done for engineering disease resistance in Allium crops for genetic improvement.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Research Project of the Shennong Laboratory,China(SN01-2022-03)the Henan Provincial Science and Technology R&D Program Joint Fund(Superiority Discipline Cultivation)Project,China(222301420100)+4 种基金the Major Science and Technology Projects of Henan Province,China(221100110300)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-13)the Henan Provincial Agriculture Research System,China(S2012-5)the Outstanding Young Scientists of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(2022YQ16)the Independent Innovation Project of the Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(2023ZC093)。
文摘Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is a globally important oil crop.Web blotch is one of the most important foliar diseases affecting peanut,which results in serious yield losses worldwide.Breeding web blotch-resistant peanut varieties is the most effective and economically viable method for minimizing yield losses due to web blotch.In the current study,a bulked segregant analysis with next-generation sequencing was used to analyze an F2:3 segregating population and identify candidate loci related to web blotch resistance.Based on the fine-mapping of the candidate genomic interval using kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP)markers,we identified a novel web blotch resistance-related locus spanning approximately 169 kb on chromosome 16.This region included four annotated genes,of which only Arahy.35VVQ3 had a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in the coding region between the two parents.Two markers(Chr.16.12872635 and Chr.16.12966357)linked to this gene were shown to be co-segregated with the resistance of peanut web blotch by 72 randomly selected recombinant inbred lines(RIL),which could be used in marker-assisted breeding of resistant peanut varieties.
文摘瓜类细菌性果斑病(bacterial fruit blotch)是瓜类作物上重要的种传细菌性病害,病原菌为西瓜噬酸菌Acidovorax citrulli。我国是全球西甜瓜的主要生产区。近年来,瓜类细菌性果斑病的频繁发生已严重影响我国西甜瓜产业的健康发展。为明确瓜类细菌性果斑病在我国的适生性,根据其在全球的最新分布数据,本研究利用MaxEnt模型结合ArcGIS软件预测了瓜类细菌性果斑病在我国的潜在地理分布。结果表明,MaxEnt模型的平均AUC(area under curve,AUC)值均大于0.9,预测结果的准确性较高。在历史气候条件下,瓜类细菌性果斑病适生区分布广泛,主要包括华中、华南和华东地区,以及部分华北、东北地区,占我国面积的47.36%。影响瓜类细菌性果斑病在我国潜在分布区域的主要气候因子包括最热月份最高温度、月平均昼夜温差、最干月份降水量和最干季平均温度。未来气候情景无论是低环境强迫还是高环境强迫,适生区面积均呈现增长的趋势,预示着随着气候的变化,瓜类细菌性果斑病在我国发生的风险不断增加,因此建议应加强检疫监测和防控,严防其扩散。
文摘[ Objective] The purpose was to screen bacterium with antagonistic effect against pathogen of spot blotch disease in pakchoi in vegetable field. [Method] More than 200 strains of bacteria which could produce spore were isolated from soil in different places. Through screening and rescreening, the bacteria with higher antibacterial activity were conducted observation about thallus shapes and colony characters, a series of physiological and biochemical tests were performed. [Result] Rescreening results indicated that the strains including ZG-10, ZG-19, ZG-59, ZG-72 and ZG-31 had significant antibacterial activity, which had very high research value and good application prospect for biocontrol on spot blotch disease in pakchoi; the strain ZG-10 was identified to be Bacillus subtilis. [ Conclusion] The strain ZG-10 had biocontrol potential and good development prospect. This research laid certain basis for subsequent research and strated a new way for the application of antagonistic strain and proteinum polypeptide in agdculture.
基金The authors express their appreciation to the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work under grant number RGP2/233/45the support provided by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at King FaisalUniversity,Saudi Arabia,under Project No.KFU242905funding from Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University through the Research Supporting Project Number PNURSP2025R241 in Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)is a significant global crop that thrives in various climatic and drought-stress conditions.Furthermore,increased drought intervals and more significant weather variability resulting from climate change can affect the severity of plant diseases.Therefore,two primary objectives of integrated disease management regarding climate change are identifying cultivars resistant to foliar diseases and understanding disease progression under abiotic stress.In the current study,we assessed the quantitative foliar disease resistance of 17 commercial barley cultivars under both normal and water stress conditions over two growing seasons(from 2020/21 to 2021/22).The findings demonstrated a reduced incidence of foliar fungal diseases(leaf rust,net blotch,and powdery mildew)under severe drought stress relative to standard irrigated field conditions.The barley cultivars(Giza 130,Giza 131,and Giza 133)demonstrated significant differences across all disease resistance indices.In addition,the study aimed to molecularly characterize 17 commercial barley varieties using single-cell DNA testing(SCoT)to identify genetic polymorphism and specific markers for each genotype.Eight SCoT primers were employed to investigate the genetic polymorphism among 17 barley varieties.Furthermore,these cultivars exhibited optimal performance for the majority of agricultural attributes examined,both under normal and water-stressed conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32030095)the Key project at central government level:The ability establishment of sustainable use for valuable Chinese medicine resources(Grant No.2060302).
文摘Petal blotch is a prevalent pigmentation pattern observed in the Xibei tree peony(Paeonia rockii),possessing significant aesthetic value and playing a crucial role in the species'reproduction and fitness.Despite years of research,deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying blotch formation remains challenging.As is well known,floral pigmentation is frequently associated with the familiar R2R3-MYB transcription factors.The key MYB anthocyanin activators of P.rockii‘Shu Sheng Peng Mo’were previously reported in our preceding study.In this study,we identified and characterized three R2R3-MYBs,PrMYBi1,PrMYBi2,and PrMYBi3,which belong to subgroup 4(SG4)and play repressor roles in anthocyanin biosynthesis.A quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)assay indicated that the expression of PrMYBi1 and PrMYBi3 gradually increased during flowering development and was substantially up-regulated in non-blotch compared to blotch.Yeast one-hybrid and dualluciferase assays demonstrated that PrMYBi(1e3)directly target the anthocyanin structural genes and repress their transcription.The genetic transformation of tobacco demonstrated that the overexpression of PrMYBi(1e3)decreased anthocyanin accumulation in flowers,with PrMYBi1 serving as the most effective repressor.Our results revealed that SG4 R2R3-MYBs negatively regulate the anthocyanin pathway in P.rockii conservatively,and we provide the definite members.These findings will advance future research to unravel the mystery of blotch pattern formation.
文摘Both grain yield and disease performance are important factors to consider for winter wheat （Triticum aestivum） cultivar selection. However, disease index and yield data are often presented separately, making it difficult to compare values across multiple environments. Two-year investigations （2009-2010）, in which eight common wheat lines/genotypes were included to test their susceptibility against wheat LR （leaf rust） Puccinia triticina f. sp. tritici Roberge ex Desm., and the SLB （SeptoriaJStagonospora leaf blotch） complex Septoria tritici Desm. and Stagonospora nodorum, were carried out in the experimental field of ATTC （Agriculture Technology Transfer Centre） of Lushnje （Albania）. The objective of this study was to use a rank-based method to compare cultivars based on yield and disease performance combined across multiple environments. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of an important and significant variability in the experimental materials used to evaluate the susceptibility and the resistance of common wheat lines against SLB and LR. There were high negative correlations between yieldS, tritici （0.6683） and yield--P, recondita f. sp. tritici （0.5261）. The negative effects of two pathogens have shown ＂the parallel＂/similar negative influences on yield trait and there was a high positive correlation （0.7631） between S. tritici and P. recondita f. sp. tritici. According to study results the lines Regina × L-776, IKB-P6 and Bullgar 3 × KB 703 have shown good results of resistance （R） level against S. tritici and P. recondita f. sp. tritici.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31501611)the Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology, China (cstc2017jcyjB X0016)+2 种基金the Chongqing Science and Technology Commission Project, China (cstc2016shmsztzx80003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (XDJK2016B21, SWU116012)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (201203076-01)
文摘Citrus leaf blotch virus （CLBV） is a member of the genus Citrivirus, in the family Betaflexiviridae. It has been reported CLBV could infect kiwi, citrus and sweet cherry in China. Of 289 citrus samples from six regions of China, 15 were detected to be infected with CLBV in this study. The complete genome of four isolates of CLBV was obtained from Reikou in Sichuan （CLBV-LH）, Yura Wase in Zhejiang （CLBV-YL）, Bingtangcheng in Hunan （CLBV-BT）, Fengjie 72-1 in Chongqing （CLBV- F J）, respectively. While they all represented 8 747 nucleotides in monopartite size, excluding the poly（A） tail, each of the isolates coded three open reading frames （ORFs）. Identity of the four isolates ranged from 98.9 to 99.8% to each other and from 96.8 to 98.1% to the citrus references in GenBank by multiple alignment of genomes. A phylogenetic tree based on the genome sequences of available CLBV isolates indicated that the four isolates were clustered together, suggesting that CLBV isolates from citrus in China did not have obvious variation. This is the first report of the complete nucleotide sequences of CLBV isolates infecting citrus in China.
基金supported by the National Academy of Agricultural Science,Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea.
文摘In this study, hyperspectral images were used to detect a fungal disease in apple leaves called Marssonina blotch(AMB). Estimation models were built to classify healthy, asymptomatic and symptomatic classes using partial least squares regression(PLSR), principal component analysis(PCA), and linear discriminant analysis(LDA) multivariate methods. In general, the LDA estimation model performed the best among the three models in detecting AMB asymptomatic pixels, while all the models were able to detect the symptomatic class. LDA correctly classified asymptomatic pixels and LDA model predicted them with an accuracy of 88.0%. An accuracy of 91.4% was achieved as the total classification accuracy. The results from this work indicate the potential of using the LDA estimation model to identify asymptomatic pixels on leaves infected by AMB.
基金supported by the national natural Science Foundation of China (31801397)the Henan Province Young Talents Lifting Project,China (2018HYTP003)+2 种基金the Independent Innovation Foundation of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China (2019ZC13)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-13)the Henan Provincial Agriculture Research System,China (S2012-05)。
文摘Peanut diseases seriously threaten peanut production, creating disease-resistant materials via interspecific hybridization is an effective way to deal with this problem. In this study, the embryo of an interspecific F1 hybrid was obtained by crossing the Silihong(Slh) cultivar with Arachis duranensis(ZW55), a diploid wild species. Seedlings were generated by embryo rescue and tissue culture. A true interspecific hybrid was then confirmed by cytological methods and molecular markers. After treating seedlings with colchicine during in vitro multiplication, the established interspecific F1 hybrid produced seeds which were named as Am1210. With oligonucleotide fluorescence in situ hybridization(Oligo FISH), molecular marker evaluations, morphological and web blotch resistance characterization, we found that: 1) Am1210 was an allohexaploid between Slh and ZW55;2) the traits of spreading lateral branches, single-seeded or double-seeded pods and red seed coats were observed to be dominant compared to the erect type, multiple-seeded pods and brown seed coats;3) the web blotch resistance of Am1210 was significantly improved than that of Slh, indicating the contribution of the web blotch resistance from the wild parent A. duranensis. In addition, 69 dominant and co-dominant molecular markers were developed which could be both used to verify the hybrid in this study and to identify translocation or introgression lines with A. duranensis chromosome fragments in future studies as well.
基金We thank the Department of Science and Technology-Science and Engineering Research Board(DST-SERB)(PDF/2017/001488),India,for financial support.
文摘Purple blotch disease of Allium spp. crops caused by Alternaria porri has remained a major concern in agriculture for both farmers and research fraternity as it severely damages the crops and drastically reduces the yield. The symptoms appear after 1–4 days of infection and bulb rot begin, and eventually turn into dark reddish-purple and then brownish/black lesions. Many factors like season, time of sowing, humidity and temperature, stage of crop, and plant architecture have a huge impact on the progression of purple blotch disease. Many genic markers based on amplification of an Alta1 gene sequence have been designed for identification and differentiation of different Alternaria species groups. Among the most commonly used fungicides, mancozeb, tebuconazole, difenaconazole and azoxystrobin were found to be the ideal for the management of purple blotch disease and increased garlic yield. Many biological approaches such as plant extracts and bio-control agents were found partially effective for controlling the disease. A report on QTL mapping for purple blotch resistance discovered that purple blotch resistance is controlled by a single dominant gene ApR1. To completely understand the purple blotch disease resistance for crop improvement, a study is required at transcriptome level for hunting purple blotch resistant genes by gene annotation and mining. Genetic engineering and genome editing are other approaches that can be done for engineering disease resistance in Allium crops for genetic improvement.
