Blockchain technology is increasingly popular and has been widely applied in many industrial fields,due to its unique properties of decentralization,immutability,and traceability.Blockchain systems in different fields...Blockchain technology is increasingly popular and has been widely applied in many industrial fields,due to its unique properties of decentralization,immutability,and traceability.Blockchain systems in different fields vary,with different block structures,consensus mechanisms and access permission models.These differences make it hard for different blockchain systems to interoperate with each other,which isolates them.Cross-chain technologies have been developed to solve this isolation problem in order to improve the interoperability of blockchains.Although some surveys on cross-chain technologies can be found,they are unable to keep up with the latest research progress due to their extremely fast pace of development.Moreover,the literature misses general criteria to evaluate the quality of cross-chain technologies.In this paper,a comprehensive literature review of cross-chain technologies is conducted by employing a comprehensive set of evaluation criteria.The preliminaries on blockchain interoperability are first presented.Then,a set of evaluation criteria is proposed in terms of security,privacy,performance,and functionality.The latest cutting-edge works are reviewed based on the proposed taxonomy of cross-chain technologies and their performance is evaluated against our proposed criteria.Finally,some open issues and future directions of cross-chain research are pointed out.展开更多
With the development of blockchain technology,a variety of mutually independent blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum,as well as private and consortium chains,coexist in large numbers.As a linker of the blockchain ...With the development of blockchain technology,a variety of mutually independent blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum,as well as private and consortium chains,coexist in large numbers.As a linker of the blockchain network,blockchain interoperability will link more blockchain ecosystems,realize the interconnection of the blockchain and enhance the scalability of the blockchain.This paper summarizes typical blockchain interoperability projects.Firstly,it proposes a blockchain interoperability definition and an architecture model.Secondly,it analyzes technical characteristics of blockchain interoperability,and typical blockchain interoperability cases are compared.Finally,the trend of future development of blockchain interoperability technology is summarized and discussed.展开更多
Sharding is a promising technique to tackle the critical weakness of scalability in blockchain-based unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)search and rescue(SAR)systems.By breaking up the blockchain network into smaller partiti...Sharding is a promising technique to tackle the critical weakness of scalability in blockchain-based unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)search and rescue(SAR)systems.By breaking up the blockchain network into smaller partitions called shards that run independently and in parallel,shardingbased UAV systems can support a large number of search and rescue UAVs with improved scalability,thereby enhancing the rescue potential.However,the lack of adaptability and interoperability still hinder the application of sharded blockchain in UAV SAR systems.Adaptability refers to making adjustments to the blockchain towards real-time surrounding situations,while interoperability refers to making cross-shard interactions at the mission level.To address the above challenges,we propose a blockchain UAV system for SAR missions based on dynamic sharding mechanism.Apart from the benefits in scalability brought by sharding,our system improves adaptability by dynamically creating configurable and mission-exclusive shards,and improves interoperability by supporting calls between smart contracts that are deployed on different shards.We implement a prototype of our system based on Quorum,give an analysis of the improved adaptability and interoperability,and conduct experiments to evaluate the performance.The results show our system can achieve the above goals and overcome the weakness of blockchain-based UAV systems in SAR scenarios.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62072351in part by the Key Research Project of Shaanxi Natural Science Foundation under Grant 2023-JCZD-35in part by the open research project of ZheJiang Lab under grant 2021PD0AB01。
文摘Blockchain technology is increasingly popular and has been widely applied in many industrial fields,due to its unique properties of decentralization,immutability,and traceability.Blockchain systems in different fields vary,with different block structures,consensus mechanisms and access permission models.These differences make it hard for different blockchain systems to interoperate with each other,which isolates them.Cross-chain technologies have been developed to solve this isolation problem in order to improve the interoperability of blockchains.Although some surveys on cross-chain technologies can be found,they are unable to keep up with the latest research progress due to their extremely fast pace of development.Moreover,the literature misses general criteria to evaluate the quality of cross-chain technologies.In this paper,a comprehensive literature review of cross-chain technologies is conducted by employing a comprehensive set of evaluation criteria.The preliminaries on blockchain interoperability are first presented.Then,a set of evaluation criteria is proposed in terms of security,privacy,performance,and functionality.The latest cutting-edge works are reviewed based on the proposed taxonomy of cross-chain technologies and their performance is evaluated against our proposed criteria.Finally,some open issues and future directions of cross-chain research are pointed out.
基金supported in part by the 2020 Industrial Internet Innovation and Development Project:Network Identifier Construction Project。
文摘With the development of blockchain technology,a variety of mutually independent blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum,as well as private and consortium chains,coexist in large numbers.As a linker of the blockchain network,blockchain interoperability will link more blockchain ecosystems,realize the interconnection of the blockchain and enhance the scalability of the blockchain.This paper summarizes typical blockchain interoperability projects.Firstly,it proposes a blockchain interoperability definition and an architecture model.Secondly,it analyzes technical characteristics of blockchain interoperability,and typical blockchain interoperability cases are compared.Finally,the trend of future development of blockchain interoperability technology is summarized and discussed.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB2703200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62202011,62172010).
文摘Sharding is a promising technique to tackle the critical weakness of scalability in blockchain-based unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)search and rescue(SAR)systems.By breaking up the blockchain network into smaller partitions called shards that run independently and in parallel,shardingbased UAV systems can support a large number of search and rescue UAVs with improved scalability,thereby enhancing the rescue potential.However,the lack of adaptability and interoperability still hinder the application of sharded blockchain in UAV SAR systems.Adaptability refers to making adjustments to the blockchain towards real-time surrounding situations,while interoperability refers to making cross-shard interactions at the mission level.To address the above challenges,we propose a blockchain UAV system for SAR missions based on dynamic sharding mechanism.Apart from the benefits in scalability brought by sharding,our system improves adaptability by dynamically creating configurable and mission-exclusive shards,and improves interoperability by supporting calls between smart contracts that are deployed on different shards.We implement a prototype of our system based on Quorum,give an analysis of the improved adaptability and interoperability,and conduct experiments to evaluate the performance.The results show our system can achieve the above goals and overcome the weakness of blockchain-based UAV systems in SAR scenarios.
