When patients initially present with atrial fibrillation along with an enlarged heart and heart failure, followed by atrioventricular block, it's essential to consider genetic factors.^([1])Genetic testing can off...When patients initially present with atrial fibrillation along with an enlarged heart and heart failure, followed by atrioventricular block, it's essential to consider genetic factors.^([1])Genetic testing can offer crucial diagnostic evidence, aiding in prognosis assessment and the adoption of appropriate treatment strategies.展开更多
With a history of more than 100 years, Chuquicamata has become one of the largest open pits in the world. Its current depth of 1100 m, length of 4500 m and width of 3000 m, resulting in haulage distances of over 11,00...With a history of more than 100 years, Chuquicamata has become one of the largest open pits in the world. Its current depth of 1100 m, length of 4500 m and width of 3000 m, resulting in haulage distances of over 11,000 m from pit bottom to the processing plant or waste dumps, with waste/ore ratio greater than 4 and much lower grades, are effectively determining its profitable limit by the end of this decade. Currently, there are over 4300 Mt of geological resources containing 0.7% of copper and 340 ppm (1 ppm = 1 g/t) of molybdenum below the final pit shell. The corresponding orebody geometry is 3000 m northsouth, 300-800 m eastwest and the drilling campaign suggested the existence of more than 900 m of mineable ore from the final pit bottom. This is in spite of the fact that the Chuquicamata orebody is still open at depth. The business case to continue with the mining of the Chuquicamata orebody is to change from the current large open pit to a novel macroblock variant block caving geometry. This requires a production rate of 140,000 t/d (50 Mt per annum), with a continuous material handling system to achieve the 7-year ramp-up to full production. The resolution of a number of known technical, operational and logistical challenges outside current industry practises which Chuquicamata will face over its projected 40-year mine life is therefore essential. These challenges include simultaneous operations of open pit and underground macroblocks and from the initial lift to the second lift, rapid ramp-up and optimum sequencing of the planned macroblocks, early dilution from the west fault and late dilution from potential slope failures, and the potential for major operational hazards. An equally important issue to be addressed is cultural given that the mining history in the northern region of Chile, which includes Chuquicamata, is predominantly open pit. This paper presents a synopsis of the main challenges that the Chuquicamata underground project will face in order to meet the objectives of its corresponding business case. Those discussed and how they were resolved are: simultaneous operations, rapid ramp-up and optimum sequencing of the planned macroblocks, and early and late dilutions. The project is an example of the fact that there are no recipes or cook books in cave mining.展开更多
A double-tapered AlGaN electron blocking layer(EBL)is proposed to apply in a deep ultraviolet semiconductor laser diode.Compared with the inverse double-tapered EBL,the laser with the double-tapered EBL shows a higher...A double-tapered AlGaN electron blocking layer(EBL)is proposed to apply in a deep ultraviolet semiconductor laser diode.Compared with the inverse double-tapered EBL,the laser with the double-tapered EBL shows a higher slope efficiency,which indicates that effective enhancement in the transportation of electrons and holes is achieved.Particularly,comparisons among the double-tapered EBL,the inverse double-tapered EBL,the singletapered EBL and the inverse single-tapered EBL show that the double-tapered EBL has the best performance in terms of current leakage.展开更多
A novel low-complexity iterative receiver for multiuser space frequency block coding (SFBC) system was proposed in this paper. Unlike the conventional linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector, which requires m...A novel low-complexity iterative receiver for multiuser space frequency block coding (SFBC) system was proposed in this paper. Unlike the conventional linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector, which requires matrix inversion at each iteration, the soft-in soft-out (SISO) detector is simply a parallel interference cancellation (PIC)-matched filter (MF) operation. The probability density function (PDF) of PIC-MF detector output is approximated as Gaussian, whose variance is calculated with a priori information fed back from the channel decoder. With this approximation, the log likelihood ratios (LLRs) of transmitted bits are under-estimated. Then the LLRs are multiplied by a constant factor to achieve a performance gain. The constant factor is optimized according to extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart of the SISO detector. Simulation results show that the proposed iterative receiver can significantly improve the system performance and converge to the matched filter bound (MFB) with low computational complexity at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs).展开更多
The most commonly used method for assessing the hydraulic erodibility of rock is Annandale's method.This method is based on a correlation between the erosive force of flowing water and the capacity of rock resista...The most commonly used method for assessing the hydraulic erodibility of rock is Annandale's method.This method is based on a correlation between the erosive force of flowing water and the capacity of rock resistance. This capacity is evaluated using Kirsten's index, which was initially developed to evaluate the excavatability of earth materials. For rocky material, this index is determined according to certain geomechanical factors related to intact rock and rock mass, such as compressive strength of intact rock, rock block size, discontinuity shear strength and relative block structure. To quantify the relative block structure, Kirsten(1982) developed a mathematical expression that accounts for the shape and orientation of the blocks relative to the direction of flow. Kirsten's initial concept for assessing the relative block structure considers that the geological formation is mainly fractured by two joint sets forming an orthogonally fractured system. An adjusted concept is proposed to determine the relative block structure when the fractured system is non-orthogonal where the angle between the planes of the two joint sets is greater or less than 90°. An analysis of the proposed relative block structure rating shows that considering a non-orthogonally fractured system has a significant effect on Kirsten's index and, as a consequence, on the assessment of the hydraulic erodibility of rock.展开更多
Background: Pneumatic arterial tourniquet is a utilized strategy in limb surgeries to provide bloodless field to facilitate surgical procedure. Be that as it may, arterial tourniquet has numerous injurious impacts inc...Background: Pneumatic arterial tourniquet is a utilized strategy in limb surgeries to provide bloodless field to facilitate surgical procedure. Be that as it may, arterial tourniquet has numerous injurious impacts including hemodynamic changes and tourniquet-induced pain which sometimes can be severe and intolerable. Objectives: Our primary aim was to assess the impact of performing “Lumbar Plexus Block and sciatic nerve block” with General Anesthesia (GA) on the degree of arterial tourniquet-induced hemodynamic effects. On the other hand, our secondary aims were: amount of postoperative analgesic prerequisites, patient satisfactory score and documented side effects. Settings and Design: Ain Shams University, Orthopedic operating theatre;a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Methods and Material: The physical status of 50 patients (both sexes) including I and II patients from American Society of Anesthesiologists, whose ages are from 20 - 40 years, is not so ideal when they are undergoing elective knee Arthroscopy. The duration lasts no more than ninety minutes under GA with application of tourniquet. Patients were allotted haphazardly to one of two groups. In Group C (Control group): Only GA. In Group B: LPB and sciatic nerve block were performed just before GA administration. Intraoperative hemodynamics was recorded at specific timings. Results: Incidence of tourniquet induced hypertension (TIH) was markedly less with Group B at: forty five, sixty, seventy five mins after tourniquet inflation and just before tourniquet deflation. Also, the total ketorolac consumption during first 24 hours of postoperative period was significantly less with Group B (p Conclusions: Combined Sciatic-Lumbar plexus blocks when combined with general anesthesia were very effective in attenuating TIH.展开更多
The western margin of Yangtze block and southwestern Sanjiang region absorbed much attention from geologists. It has been proved that there occurred a series of plate subduction, collision, assembly, rifting and break...The western margin of Yangtze block and southwestern Sanjiang region absorbed much attention from geologists. It has been proved that there occurred a series of plate subduction, collision, assembly, rifting and breakup processes between them since Palaeozoic and the tectonic evolutionary relationship between them is clear. But in Proterozoic this kind of links between them became unclear. Did they undergo the assembly and breakup processes of the Rodinia super continent? This paper will take a primary discussion on this question on the basis of basement component, structure characteristics and magmatic activities.1\ Basement features\;(1) In western margin of Yangtze block its basement is composed of crystalline basement and folded basement, a so\|called double\|layer structure. The crystalline basement is made up of Kangding group, Pudeng Formation and Dibadu Formation, among them Kangding group is a representative and composed mainly of migmatite, compositing gneiss, hornblende schist and granulitite. The isotopic age of crystalline basement is older than 1900Ma, so its geological time is late Archaean to early Proterozoic. The folded basement is composed of Dahongshan group, Hekou group, Kunyang group, Huili group and Yanbian group. Their rock associations are made up mainly of spilite\|keratophyre formation, carbonate formation, clastic rock and clastic rock formation with some basic volcanic rocks. The folded basement is assigned to be early and middle Proterozoic (1000～1700M a).展开更多
This paper presents a novel artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted two-stage method for optimising rock slope stability by integrating advanced 3D modelling with rock support design,aiming at minimising risks,material u...This paper presents a novel artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted two-stage method for optimising rock slope stability by integrating advanced 3D modelling with rock support design,aiming at minimising risks,material usage,and costs.In the first stage,an extended key block analysis identifies key blocks and key block groups,accounting for progressive failure and force interactions.The second stage uses AI algorithms to optimise rockbolting design,balancing stability,cost,and material use.The most efficient algorithms include the multi-objective tree-structured Parzen estimator(MOTPE)and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms(NSGA-II and NSGA-III).Applied to the Larvik rock slope,the optimised solution uses 18 pre-tensioned cablebolts,providing 13.2 MN of active force and achieving a factor of safety of 1.31 while reducing the average anchorage length by approximately 16%compared to traditional design.The AI-assisted approach also reduces computation time by over 90%compared to Quasi-Monte Carlo(QMC)methods,demonstrating its efficiency for small-scale civil engineering projects and large-scale mining operations.The developed tool is practical,compatible with Building Information Modelling(BIM),and ready for engineering implementation,supporting sustainable and cost-effective rock slope stabilisation.While the method is largely automated,professional judgement remains crucial for verifying ground conditions and selecting the final solution.Future work will focus on integrating data uncertainties,addressing complex block deformation mechanisms,refining optimisation objectives,and improving the performance of multi-objective optimisation for slope rockboling applications to further enhance the method's versatility.展开更多
Purpose: Regadenoson (REG) is currently becoming the stress agent of choice in patients undergoing pharmacologic single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). However, in patients with left bundle branch block (...Purpose: Regadenoson (REG) is currently becoming the stress agent of choice in patients undergoing pharmacologic single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). However, in patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) and ventricular paced rhythm (VPR), hesitation exists amongst clinicians to use REG-SPECT due to the concern that the increased heart rate could cause false positive SPECT results. We sought to evaluate the comparability of A-SPECT and REG-SPECT in patients with LBBB and VPR. Methods: Retrospective study of 30 patients who served as their own controls. All 30 patients who underwent REG-SPECT (Grp 1) were compared to their prior A-SPECT (Grp 2) done within two years prior to REG-SPECT. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) parameters, ECG, stress perfusion and gated variables, SPECT ischemia, and side-effects were evaluated. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Grp 1 and Grp 2 were comparable in hemodynamic parameters with increase in HR and decrease in systolic and diastolic BP with administration of adenosine and REG stress agents. However, there were no significant differences found in hemodynamic parameters and II degree AV block between the groups. All normal A-SPECT were found to be normal with REG-SPECT. No differences could be found between the two groups among SPECT parameters. Muscle pain was significantly higher in REG (10.0% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.083) and so was the use of aminophylline (16.7% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.025) to relieve the side-effect. Conclusion: REG-SPECT can be administered in patients with LBBB and VPR patients based on favorable and comparable hemodynamic responses and arrhythmia occurrences to A-SPECT. REG-SPECT can also be used for adequate interpretation of presence or absence of SPECT ischemia particularly in the LAD territory without any concern for false positive perfusion defects.展开更多
Star-shaped six-arm polymers with hexaaza[2_(6)]orthoparacyclophane core and arms of block copolymers of poly-2-ethyl-5,6-dihydrooxazine with poly-2-isopropyl-5,6-dihydrooxazine were synthesized successfully using cat...Star-shaped six-arm polymers with hexaaza[2_(6)]orthoparacyclophane core and arms of block copolymers of poly-2-ethyl-5,6-dihydrooxazine with poly-2-isopropyl-5,6-dihydrooxazine were synthesized successfully using cationic ring-opening polymerization.The ratio of blocks,the order of their attachment to the core,and arm length were varied.Conformation of synthesized stars was determined by methods of molecular hydrodynamics and optics.It has been shown that star-shaped molecules were characterized by high intramolecular density,and the arm folding increased with their lengthening.The influence of the structure of block copolymers and their molar mass on the critical micelle concentration has been established.Complexes of synthesized star-shaped block copolymers with curcumin were obtained and the efficient binding of curcumin to polymer molecules was demonstrated.The behavior of the aqueous solutions of the prepared polymer stars and their complexes with curcumin was investigated by light scattering and turbidimetry methods.The influence of the structure and molar mass of star polymers on their thermoresponsiveness and the phase separation temperatures in aqueous solutions was analyzed.A slight increase in the phase separation temperature was found on passage from polymer solutions to solutions of polymer complexes with hydrophobic curcumin.展开更多
In this paper,we present a necessary and sufficient condition for hyponormal block Toeplitz operators T on the vector-valued weighted Bergman space with symbolsΦ(z)=G^(*)(z)+F(z),where F(z)=∑^(N)_(i)=1 A_(i)z^(i)and...In this paper,we present a necessary and sufficient condition for hyponormal block Toeplitz operators T on the vector-valued weighted Bergman space with symbolsΦ(z)=G^(*)(z)+F(z),where F(z)=∑^(N)_(i)=1 A_(i)z^(i)and G(z)=∑^(N)_(i)=1 A_(−i)z^(i),A_(i)ae culants.展开更多
Many applications require the solution of large un-symmetric linear systems with multiple right-hand sides.Instead of applying an iterative method to each of these systems individually,it is often more efficient to us...Many applications require the solution of large un-symmetric linear systems with multiple right-hand sides.Instead of applying an iterative method to each of these systems individually,it is often more efficient to use a block version of the method that generates iterates for all the systems simultaneously.This paper proposes a new adaptive block QMR version based on the incomplete or-thogomalization method(IOM(q))for solving large multi-ple nusymmetric linear systems.How to incorporate de-flation to drop comverged linear systems,and how to delete linearly and almost liearly dependent vectors in the underlying block Krylov sequences are discussed.Nu-merical experiments show that the new adaptive block method has better practical performance and less compu-tational cost and CPU time than block GMRES and other proposed methods for the solution of systems with multi- ple right-hand sides.展开更多
目的利用螺旋断层放射治疗(TOMO)计划系统制定乳腺癌保乳术后放射治疗计划,比较Block不同设计方法和径照功能对靶区和危及器官(OAR)剂量的影响。方法选择2024年2月至2025年2月宁波明州医院左侧乳腺癌保乳术后放射治疗女性患者15例,年龄3...目的利用螺旋断层放射治疗(TOMO)计划系统制定乳腺癌保乳术后放射治疗计划,比较Block不同设计方法和径照功能对靶区和危及器官(OAR)剂量的影响。方法选择2024年2月至2025年2月宁波明州医院左侧乳腺癌保乳术后放射治疗女性患者15例,年龄34~66岁,平均年龄52岁;经病理明确诊断为左侧乳腺癌,其中病理分期TNMⅠ期4例,TNMⅡ期11例。基于TOMO计划系统为每例患者制定3种TOMO计划,第一种计划设计过程中应用了半挡Direction Block(DB)模式,第二种计划应用全挡Complete Block(CB)模式,第三种应用螺旋断层径照射(TD)模式制作计划;比较3种计划的剂量参数,包括靶区的适形度指数(HI)、均匀度指数(CI)、平均剂量、最大剂量;肺、心脏、健侧乳腺及脊髓等OAR剂量差异。结果在靶区剂量方面,DB组和CB组均具有较优异的均匀性和适形性,对比TD组计划差异有统计学意义(CI:0.861±0.041 vs 0.741±0.047、0.871±0.041 vs 0.741±0.047;HI:1.036±0.006 vs 1.052±0.007、1.037±0.004 vs 1.052±0.007)(P<0.05);OAR剂量方面,CB组计划的左肺V_(5)、V_(20)、D_(mean)和心脏V_(10)、V_(20)、D_(mean)均明显优于其他两组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。比较脊髓的最大剂量(D_(max)),CB组和TD组相对DB组较低,差异有统计学意义[(1.47±1.48)Gy vs(8.66±2.89)Gy、(0.46±0.13)Gy vs(8.66±2.89)Gy](P<0.05)。TD组计划的右肺V_(5),右侧乳腺平均剂量优于DB、CB两组,差异均有统计学意义[V_(5):(0.36±0.48)%vs(17.32±3.47)%、(0.36±0.48)%vs(10.66±4.10)%;右侧乳腺平均剂量:(1.53±0.88)Gy vs(6.79±1.41)Gy、(1.53±0.88)Gy vs(4.89±0.99)Gy](P<0.05)。但TD组心脏V_(10)、V_(10)较DB组、CB组计划高[V_(10):(12.39±4.39)%vs(9.72±5.03)%、(12.39±4.39)%vs(5.09±1.13)%;V_(10):(6.68±4.17)%vs(2.35±1.38)%、(6.68±4.17)%vs(1.47±0.78)%]。时间方面,CB组治疗时间最长,与DB组、TD组差异均有统计学意义[(15.18±2.31)min vs(9.68±1.43)min、(15.18±2.31)min vs(9.88±3.15)min](P<0.05)。结论针对左侧乳腺癌的3种计划比较,DB相对无明显优势,CB的优势表现在能明显降低患侧肺和心脏、脊髓的受量,TD则对保护对侧肺、乳腺能起更好的效果,但CB治疗时间较长,TD靶区适形性均匀性较差,可根据患者实际情况选择计划方式。展开更多
Nanoporous polymers are extensively coated on various substrates to deliver optical,permselective,or other functions.However,it remains desired to fast produce uniform nanoporous polymer coatings on substrates with co...Nanoporous polymers are extensively coated on various substrates to deliver optical,permselective,or other functions.However,it remains desired to fast produce uniform nanoporous polymer coatings on substrates with complex surfaces.Herein,by manipulating the interactions between block copolymers and selective solvents,we prepare repairable nanoporous polymers on arbitrary substrates.This is realized by an extremely simple sequential coating process:sequential coating of block copolymers and their swelling agents on substrate surfaces.The swelling agents are comprised of two solvents that swell the constituent blocks of the copolymers to different degrees,rapidly producing polymer coatings with uniform,interconnected,sub-50 nm pores.This sequential coating process is able to conformally build nanoporous polymers on nonplanar substrates with large lateral sizes and complex surface features,and also to in situ repair defects arising during usages.We further demonstrate that the nanoporous coatings show excellent antireflective and membrane separation performances.This sequential coating process is dictated by polymer–solvent interactions,and is expected to find applications in diverse fields for its simplicity,adaptability,and the capability to produce well-defined nanoporosities.展开更多
The diagnostic efficacy of contemporary bioimaging technologies remains constrained by inherent limitations of conventional imaging agents,including suboptimal sensitivity,off-target biodistribution,and inherent cytot...The diagnostic efficacy of contemporary bioimaging technologies remains constrained by inherent limitations of conventional imaging agents,including suboptimal sensitivity,off-target biodistribution,and inherent cytotoxicity.These limitations have catalyzed the development of intelligent stimuli-responsive block copolymers-based bioimaging agents,which was engineered to dynamically respond to endogenous biochemical cues(e.g.,p H gradients,redox potential,enzyme activity,hypoxia environment) or exogenous physical triggers(e.g.,photoirradiation,thermal gradients,ultrasound(US)/magnetic stimuli).Through spatiotemporally controlled structural transformations,stimuli-responsive block copolymers enable precise contrast targeting,activatable signal amplification,and theranostic integration,thereby substantially enhancing signal-to-noise ratios of bioimaging and diagnostic specificity.Hence,this mini-review systematically examines molecular engineering principles for designing p H-,redox-,enzyme-,light-,thermo-,and US/magnetic-responsive polymers,with emphasis on structure-property relationships governing imaging performance modulation.Furthermore,we critically analyze emerging strategies for optical imaging,US synergies,and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Multimodal bioimaging has also been elaborated,which could overcome the inherent trade-offs between resolution,penetration depth,and functional specificity in single-modal approaches.By elucidating mechanistic insights and translational challenges,this mini-review aims to establish a design framework of stimuli-responsive block copolymersbased for high fidelity bioimaging agents and accelerate their clinical translation in precise diagnosis and therapy.展开更多
Switchable polymerization is emerging as a powerful tool to construct block copolymers directly from mixtures of monomers.However,current achievements typically iterate between two polymerization cycles to afford prod...Switchable polymerization is emerging as a powerful tool to construct block copolymers directly from mixtures of monomers.However,current achievements typically iterate between two polymerization cycles to afford products with fixed sequences and compositions.Herein,we report the triethylborane/1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene(Et_3B/DBU)pair-mediated four-component switchable polymerization of propylene oxide(PO),CO_(2),phthalic anhydride(PA),and racemic lactide(rac-LA),which enables the on-demand synthesis of four different block copolymers,i.e.,poly(propylene phthalate)-b-polylactide(PPE-b-PLA),PPE-b-PLA-b-poly(propylene carbonate)(PPC),PPE-b-PPC-b-PLA,and PPE-b-PPCb-poly(propylene oxide)(PPO),through rationally modulating the Lewis pair(LP)ratio.Core to this protocol is that increasing the loading of Et_(3)B accelerates the ring-opening of PO while impeding the reactivity of rac-LA,thus allowing for fine-tuning of the thermodynamic and kinetic of the switchable polymerization.Therefore,the four polymerization cycles involving PO/PA ring-opening copolymerization(ROCOP),PO/CO_(2) ROCOP,rac-LA ring-opening polymerization(ROP),and PO ROP can be connected and discriminated in precisely programmed manners.展开更多
In mixture experiments,the observed response is determined by the relative proportions of the components,consequently rendering the experimental region a simplex.This paper focuses primarily on the optimal designs of ...In mixture experiments,the observed response is determined by the relative proportions of the components,consequently rendering the experimental region a simplex.This paper focuses primarily on the optimal designs of mixture experiments that involve process variables.Prior research has extensively delved into optimal orthogonal block designs for some classic mixture models with process variables.Based on the framework of general blending models,this paper proposes a class of symmetric linear mixture models,which can be regarded as a generalization of many existing ones.Under the orthogonal blocking conditions,orthogonal block designs are devised through Latin squares in the presence of process variables.TheD-,A-,and E-optimality criteria are utilized to obtain optimal designs at the boundary of the simplex in the case of 3 components.As the values of the exponents change,numerically derived optimal design points are presented to illustrate the pattern of their variations,and to verify the consistency of the results with previous research on some specific symmetric general blending models.展开更多
The failure and collapse of coal pillar ribs represent a significant hazard in the mining industry,with the associated risk of fatalities and injuries anticipated to rise as mining operations advance to greater depths...The failure and collapse of coal pillar ribs represent a significant hazard in the mining industry,with the associated risk of fatalities and injuries anticipated to rise as mining operations advance to greater depths.The development of support guidelines through an enhanced understanding of pillar damage and rock–support interaction mechanisms is crucial to resolving this issue.Bonded block models(BBMs)represent a convenient tool for this purpose,as they can reasonably reproduce the rock fracturing process;however,it is not known to what extent this modeling technique can be applied to simulate pillar failure mechanisms and support interaction in anisotropic rock masses,such as coal.To bridge this gap in research,hypothetical coal pillar BBMs of different width-to-height ratios were developed and calibrated to match Mark–Bieniawski's pillar strength equation,along with a few other attributes from the literature(stress levels at the edge of pillars and the transition from brittle to strain-hardening behavior with increasing width-to-height ratio).Elongated blocks were employed to capture the anisotropic behavior of coal mass.With the reliability of the model established,a few different support patterns were evaluated to ensure that the outputs are broadly consistent with expectations.Finally,simulations of roadway development and additional mining activities were completed considering geo-mining conditions representative of underground coal mines in the USA.The good consistency between model response and expected behaviors per field observation demonstrates the potential of BBMs to be used as a support design tool.展开更多
WiFi-based human activity recognition(HAR)provides a non-intrusive approach for ubiquitous monitoring;however,achieving both high accuracy and robustness simultaneously remains a significant challenge.This paper propo...WiFi-based human activity recognition(HAR)provides a non-intrusive approach for ubiquitous monitoring;however,achieving both high accuracy and robustness simultaneously remains a significant challenge.This paper proposes a Convolutional Neural Network with Enhanced Convolutional Block Attention Module(CNN-ECBAM)framework.The approach systematically converts raw Channel State Information(CSI)into pseudo-color images,effectively preserving essential signal characteristics for deep neural network processing.The core innovation is an Enhanced Convolutional Block Attention Module(ECBAM),tailored to CSI data characteristics,which integrates Efficient Channel Attention(ECA)and Multi-Scale Spatial Attention(MSSA).By employing learnable adaptive fusion weights,it achieves dynamic synergy between channel and spatial features,enabling the network to capture highly discriminative spatiotemporal patterns.The ECBAM module is integrated into a unified Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)to form the overall CNN-ECBAM model.Experimental results on the UT-HAR and NTU-Fi_HAR datasets demonstrate that CNN-ECBAM achieves competitive performance in recognition accuracy and outperforms mainstream baseline models.Specifically,it attains 99.20%accuracy on UT-HAR(surpassing ResNet-18 at 98.60%)and achieves 100%accuracy on NTU-Fi_HAR(exceeding GAF-CNN at 99.62%).These results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method for high-precision and reliable WiFi-based HAR.展开更多
Theory has it that increasing the step length improves the accuracy of a method. In order to affirm this we increased the step length of the concept in [1] by one to get k = 5. The technique of collocation and interpo...Theory has it that increasing the step length improves the accuracy of a method. In order to affirm this we increased the step length of the concept in [1] by one to get k = 5. The technique of collocation and interpolation of the power series approximate solution at some selected grid points is considered so as to generate continuous linear multistep methods with constant step sizes. Two, three and four interpolation points are considered to generate the continuous predictor-corrector methods which are implemented in block method respectively. The proposed methods when tested on some numerical examples performed more efficiently than those of [1]. Interestingly the concept of self starting [2] and that of constant order are reaffirmed in our new methods.展开更多
基金Military Healthcare Special Scientific Research Project(25BJZ31, awarded to SHI XM)。
文摘When patients initially present with atrial fibrillation along with an enlarged heart and heart failure, followed by atrioventricular block, it's essential to consider genetic factors.^([1])Genetic testing can offer crucial diagnostic evidence, aiding in prognosis assessment and the adoption of appropriate treatment strategies.
文摘With a history of more than 100 years, Chuquicamata has become one of the largest open pits in the world. Its current depth of 1100 m, length of 4500 m and width of 3000 m, resulting in haulage distances of over 11,000 m from pit bottom to the processing plant or waste dumps, with waste/ore ratio greater than 4 and much lower grades, are effectively determining its profitable limit by the end of this decade. Currently, there are over 4300 Mt of geological resources containing 0.7% of copper and 340 ppm (1 ppm = 1 g/t) of molybdenum below the final pit shell. The corresponding orebody geometry is 3000 m northsouth, 300-800 m eastwest and the drilling campaign suggested the existence of more than 900 m of mineable ore from the final pit bottom. This is in spite of the fact that the Chuquicamata orebody is still open at depth. The business case to continue with the mining of the Chuquicamata orebody is to change from the current large open pit to a novel macroblock variant block caving geometry. This requires a production rate of 140,000 t/d (50 Mt per annum), with a continuous material handling system to achieve the 7-year ramp-up to full production. The resolution of a number of known technical, operational and logistical challenges outside current industry practises which Chuquicamata will face over its projected 40-year mine life is therefore essential. These challenges include simultaneous operations of open pit and underground macroblocks and from the initial lift to the second lift, rapid ramp-up and optimum sequencing of the planned macroblocks, early dilution from the west fault and late dilution from potential slope failures, and the potential for major operational hazards. An equally important issue to be addressed is cultural given that the mining history in the northern region of Chile, which includes Chuquicamata, is predominantly open pit. This paper presents a synopsis of the main challenges that the Chuquicamata underground project will face in order to meet the objectives of its corresponding business case. Those discussed and how they were resolved are: simultaneous operations, rapid ramp-up and optimum sequencing of the planned macroblocks, and early and late dilutions. The project is an example of the fact that there are no recipes or cook books in cave mining.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program under Grant No 2016YFE0118400the Key Project of Science and Technology of Henan Province under Grant No 172102410062+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 61176008the National Natural Science Foundation of China Henan Provincial Joint Fund Key Project under Grant No U1604263
文摘A double-tapered AlGaN electron blocking layer(EBL)is proposed to apply in a deep ultraviolet semiconductor laser diode.Compared with the inverse double-tapered EBL,the laser with the double-tapered EBL shows a higher slope efficiency,which indicates that effective enhancement in the transportation of electrons and holes is achieved.Particularly,comparisons among the double-tapered EBL,the inverse double-tapered EBL,the singletapered EBL and the inverse single-tapered EBL show that the double-tapered EBL has the best performance in terms of current leakage.
基金The Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipality ( No 06DZ15013,No03DZ15010)
文摘A novel low-complexity iterative receiver for multiuser space frequency block coding (SFBC) system was proposed in this paper. Unlike the conventional linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector, which requires matrix inversion at each iteration, the soft-in soft-out (SISO) detector is simply a parallel interference cancellation (PIC)-matched filter (MF) operation. The probability density function (PDF) of PIC-MF detector output is approximated as Gaussian, whose variance is calculated with a priori information fed back from the channel decoder. With this approximation, the log likelihood ratios (LLRs) of transmitted bits are under-estimated. Then the LLRs are multiplied by a constant factor to achieve a performance gain. The constant factor is optimized according to extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart of the SISO detector. Simulation results show that the proposed iterative receiver can significantly improve the system performance and converge to the matched filter bound (MFB) with low computational complexity at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs).
基金the organizations that have funded this project:the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Grant No.498020-16)Hydro-Quebec(NC-525700)Mitacs Accelerate Program(Grant Ref.IT10008)
文摘The most commonly used method for assessing the hydraulic erodibility of rock is Annandale's method.This method is based on a correlation between the erosive force of flowing water and the capacity of rock resistance. This capacity is evaluated using Kirsten's index, which was initially developed to evaluate the excavatability of earth materials. For rocky material, this index is determined according to certain geomechanical factors related to intact rock and rock mass, such as compressive strength of intact rock, rock block size, discontinuity shear strength and relative block structure. To quantify the relative block structure, Kirsten(1982) developed a mathematical expression that accounts for the shape and orientation of the blocks relative to the direction of flow. Kirsten's initial concept for assessing the relative block structure considers that the geological formation is mainly fractured by two joint sets forming an orthogonally fractured system. An adjusted concept is proposed to determine the relative block structure when the fractured system is non-orthogonal where the angle between the planes of the two joint sets is greater or less than 90°. An analysis of the proposed relative block structure rating shows that considering a non-orthogonally fractured system has a significant effect on Kirsten's index and, as a consequence, on the assessment of the hydraulic erodibility of rock.
文摘Background: Pneumatic arterial tourniquet is a utilized strategy in limb surgeries to provide bloodless field to facilitate surgical procedure. Be that as it may, arterial tourniquet has numerous injurious impacts including hemodynamic changes and tourniquet-induced pain which sometimes can be severe and intolerable. Objectives: Our primary aim was to assess the impact of performing “Lumbar Plexus Block and sciatic nerve block” with General Anesthesia (GA) on the degree of arterial tourniquet-induced hemodynamic effects. On the other hand, our secondary aims were: amount of postoperative analgesic prerequisites, patient satisfactory score and documented side effects. Settings and Design: Ain Shams University, Orthopedic operating theatre;a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Methods and Material: The physical status of 50 patients (both sexes) including I and II patients from American Society of Anesthesiologists, whose ages are from 20 - 40 years, is not so ideal when they are undergoing elective knee Arthroscopy. The duration lasts no more than ninety minutes under GA with application of tourniquet. Patients were allotted haphazardly to one of two groups. In Group C (Control group): Only GA. In Group B: LPB and sciatic nerve block were performed just before GA administration. Intraoperative hemodynamics was recorded at specific timings. Results: Incidence of tourniquet induced hypertension (TIH) was markedly less with Group B at: forty five, sixty, seventy five mins after tourniquet inflation and just before tourniquet deflation. Also, the total ketorolac consumption during first 24 hours of postoperative period was significantly less with Group B (p Conclusions: Combined Sciatic-Lumbar plexus blocks when combined with general anesthesia were very effective in attenuating TIH.
文摘The western margin of Yangtze block and southwestern Sanjiang region absorbed much attention from geologists. It has been proved that there occurred a series of plate subduction, collision, assembly, rifting and breakup processes between them since Palaeozoic and the tectonic evolutionary relationship between them is clear. But in Proterozoic this kind of links between them became unclear. Did they undergo the assembly and breakup processes of the Rodinia super continent? This paper will take a primary discussion on this question on the basis of basement component, structure characteristics and magmatic activities.1\ Basement features\;(1) In western margin of Yangtze block its basement is composed of crystalline basement and folded basement, a so\|called double\|layer structure. The crystalline basement is made up of Kangding group, Pudeng Formation and Dibadu Formation, among them Kangding group is a representative and composed mainly of migmatite, compositing gneiss, hornblende schist and granulitite. The isotopic age of crystalline basement is older than 1900Ma, so its geological time is late Archaean to early Proterozoic. The folded basement is composed of Dahongshan group, Hekou group, Kunyang group, Huili group and Yanbian group. Their rock associations are made up mainly of spilite\|keratophyre formation, carbonate formation, clastic rock and clastic rock formation with some basic volcanic rocks. The folded basement is assigned to be early and middle Proterozoic (1000～1700M a).
基金support from Research Council of Norway via STIPINST PhD grant(Grant No.323307),Bever Control AS,and Bane NOR.
文摘This paper presents a novel artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted two-stage method for optimising rock slope stability by integrating advanced 3D modelling with rock support design,aiming at minimising risks,material usage,and costs.In the first stage,an extended key block analysis identifies key blocks and key block groups,accounting for progressive failure and force interactions.The second stage uses AI algorithms to optimise rockbolting design,balancing stability,cost,and material use.The most efficient algorithms include the multi-objective tree-structured Parzen estimator(MOTPE)and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms(NSGA-II and NSGA-III).Applied to the Larvik rock slope,the optimised solution uses 18 pre-tensioned cablebolts,providing 13.2 MN of active force and achieving a factor of safety of 1.31 while reducing the average anchorage length by approximately 16%compared to traditional design.The AI-assisted approach also reduces computation time by over 90%compared to Quasi-Monte Carlo(QMC)methods,demonstrating its efficiency for small-scale civil engineering projects and large-scale mining operations.The developed tool is practical,compatible with Building Information Modelling(BIM),and ready for engineering implementation,supporting sustainable and cost-effective rock slope stabilisation.While the method is largely automated,professional judgement remains crucial for verifying ground conditions and selecting the final solution.Future work will focus on integrating data uncertainties,addressing complex block deformation mechanisms,refining optimisation objectives,and improving the performance of multi-objective optimisation for slope rockboling applications to further enhance the method's versatility.
文摘Purpose: Regadenoson (REG) is currently becoming the stress agent of choice in patients undergoing pharmacologic single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). However, in patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) and ventricular paced rhythm (VPR), hesitation exists amongst clinicians to use REG-SPECT due to the concern that the increased heart rate could cause false positive SPECT results. We sought to evaluate the comparability of A-SPECT and REG-SPECT in patients with LBBB and VPR. Methods: Retrospective study of 30 patients who served as their own controls. All 30 patients who underwent REG-SPECT (Grp 1) were compared to their prior A-SPECT (Grp 2) done within two years prior to REG-SPECT. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) parameters, ECG, stress perfusion and gated variables, SPECT ischemia, and side-effects were evaluated. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Grp 1 and Grp 2 were comparable in hemodynamic parameters with increase in HR and decrease in systolic and diastolic BP with administration of adenosine and REG stress agents. However, there were no significant differences found in hemodynamic parameters and II degree AV block between the groups. All normal A-SPECT were found to be normal with REG-SPECT. No differences could be found between the two groups among SPECT parameters. Muscle pain was significantly higher in REG (10.0% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.083) and so was the use of aminophylline (16.7% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.025) to relieve the side-effect. Conclusion: REG-SPECT can be administered in patients with LBBB and VPR patients based on favorable and comparable hemodynamic responses and arrhythmia occurrences to A-SPECT. REG-SPECT can also be used for adequate interpretation of presence or absence of SPECT ischemia particularly in the LAD territory without any concern for false positive perfusion defects.
基金financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation(No.23-13-00205)。
文摘Star-shaped six-arm polymers with hexaaza[2_(6)]orthoparacyclophane core and arms of block copolymers of poly-2-ethyl-5,6-dihydrooxazine with poly-2-isopropyl-5,6-dihydrooxazine were synthesized successfully using cationic ring-opening polymerization.The ratio of blocks,the order of their attachment to the core,and arm length were varied.Conformation of synthesized stars was determined by methods of molecular hydrodynamics and optics.It has been shown that star-shaped molecules were characterized by high intramolecular density,and the arm folding increased with their lengthening.The influence of the structure of block copolymers and their molar mass on the critical micelle concentration has been established.Complexes of synthesized star-shaped block copolymers with curcumin were obtained and the efficient binding of curcumin to polymer molecules was demonstrated.The behavior of the aqueous solutions of the prepared polymer stars and their complexes with curcumin was investigated by light scattering and turbidimetry methods.The influence of the structure and molar mass of star polymers on their thermoresponsiveness and the phase separation temperatures in aqueous solutions was analyzed.A slight increase in the phase separation temperature was found on passage from polymer solutions to solutions of polymer complexes with hydrophobic curcumin.
文摘In this paper,we present a necessary and sufficient condition for hyponormal block Toeplitz operators T on the vector-valued weighted Bergman space with symbolsΦ(z)=G^(*)(z)+F(z),where F(z)=∑^(N)_(i)=1 A_(i)z^(i)and G(z)=∑^(N)_(i)=1 A_(−i)z^(i),A_(i)ae culants.
文摘Many applications require the solution of large un-symmetric linear systems with multiple right-hand sides.Instead of applying an iterative method to each of these systems individually,it is often more efficient to use a block version of the method that generates iterates for all the systems simultaneously.This paper proposes a new adaptive block QMR version based on the incomplete or-thogomalization method(IOM(q))for solving large multi-ple nusymmetric linear systems.How to incorporate de-flation to drop comverged linear systems,and how to delete linearly and almost liearly dependent vectors in the underlying block Krylov sequences are discussed.Nu-merical experiments show that the new adaptive block method has better practical performance and less compu-tational cost and CPU time than block GMRES and other proposed methods for the solution of systems with multi- ple right-hand sides.
文摘目的利用螺旋断层放射治疗(TOMO)计划系统制定乳腺癌保乳术后放射治疗计划,比较Block不同设计方法和径照功能对靶区和危及器官(OAR)剂量的影响。方法选择2024年2月至2025年2月宁波明州医院左侧乳腺癌保乳术后放射治疗女性患者15例,年龄34~66岁,平均年龄52岁;经病理明确诊断为左侧乳腺癌,其中病理分期TNMⅠ期4例,TNMⅡ期11例。基于TOMO计划系统为每例患者制定3种TOMO计划,第一种计划设计过程中应用了半挡Direction Block(DB)模式,第二种计划应用全挡Complete Block(CB)模式,第三种应用螺旋断层径照射(TD)模式制作计划;比较3种计划的剂量参数,包括靶区的适形度指数(HI)、均匀度指数(CI)、平均剂量、最大剂量;肺、心脏、健侧乳腺及脊髓等OAR剂量差异。结果在靶区剂量方面,DB组和CB组均具有较优异的均匀性和适形性,对比TD组计划差异有统计学意义(CI:0.861±0.041 vs 0.741±0.047、0.871±0.041 vs 0.741±0.047;HI:1.036±0.006 vs 1.052±0.007、1.037±0.004 vs 1.052±0.007)(P<0.05);OAR剂量方面,CB组计划的左肺V_(5)、V_(20)、D_(mean)和心脏V_(10)、V_(20)、D_(mean)均明显优于其他两组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。比较脊髓的最大剂量(D_(max)),CB组和TD组相对DB组较低,差异有统计学意义[(1.47±1.48)Gy vs(8.66±2.89)Gy、(0.46±0.13)Gy vs(8.66±2.89)Gy](P<0.05)。TD组计划的右肺V_(5),右侧乳腺平均剂量优于DB、CB两组,差异均有统计学意义[V_(5):(0.36±0.48)%vs(17.32±3.47)%、(0.36±0.48)%vs(10.66±4.10)%;右侧乳腺平均剂量:(1.53±0.88)Gy vs(6.79±1.41)Gy、(1.53±0.88)Gy vs(4.89±0.99)Gy](P<0.05)。但TD组心脏V_(10)、V_(10)较DB组、CB组计划高[V_(10):(12.39±4.39)%vs(9.72±5.03)%、(12.39±4.39)%vs(5.09±1.13)%;V_(10):(6.68±4.17)%vs(2.35±1.38)%、(6.68±4.17)%vs(1.47±0.78)%]。时间方面,CB组治疗时间最长,与DB组、TD组差异均有统计学意义[(15.18±2.31)min vs(9.68±1.43)min、(15.18±2.31)min vs(9.88±3.15)min](P<0.05)。结论针对左侧乳腺癌的3种计划比较,DB相对无明显优势,CB的优势表现在能明显降低患侧肺和心脏、脊髓的受量,TD则对保护对侧肺、乳腺能起更好的效果,但CB治疗时间较长,TD靶区适形性均匀性较差,可根据患者实际情况选择计划方式。
基金support from National Science Foundation of China(22438005)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BE2022056-3)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Nanoporous polymers are extensively coated on various substrates to deliver optical,permselective,or other functions.However,it remains desired to fast produce uniform nanoporous polymer coatings on substrates with complex surfaces.Herein,by manipulating the interactions between block copolymers and selective solvents,we prepare repairable nanoporous polymers on arbitrary substrates.This is realized by an extremely simple sequential coating process:sequential coating of block copolymers and their swelling agents on substrate surfaces.The swelling agents are comprised of two solvents that swell the constituent blocks of the copolymers to different degrees,rapidly producing polymer coatings with uniform,interconnected,sub-50 nm pores.This sequential coating process is able to conformally build nanoporous polymers on nonplanar substrates with large lateral sizes and complex surface features,and also to in situ repair defects arising during usages.We further demonstrate that the nanoporous coatings show excellent antireflective and membrane separation performances.This sequential coating process is dictated by polymer–solvent interactions,and is expected to find applications in diverse fields for its simplicity,adaptability,and the capability to produce well-defined nanoporosities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22208218,22078196,and 22278268)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (No.22ZR1460400)Collaborative Innovation Center of Fragrance Flavour and Cosmetics,and Collaborative Innovation Project of Shanghai Institute of Technology (No.XTCX2023-07)。
文摘The diagnostic efficacy of contemporary bioimaging technologies remains constrained by inherent limitations of conventional imaging agents,including suboptimal sensitivity,off-target biodistribution,and inherent cytotoxicity.These limitations have catalyzed the development of intelligent stimuli-responsive block copolymers-based bioimaging agents,which was engineered to dynamically respond to endogenous biochemical cues(e.g.,p H gradients,redox potential,enzyme activity,hypoxia environment) or exogenous physical triggers(e.g.,photoirradiation,thermal gradients,ultrasound(US)/magnetic stimuli).Through spatiotemporally controlled structural transformations,stimuli-responsive block copolymers enable precise contrast targeting,activatable signal amplification,and theranostic integration,thereby substantially enhancing signal-to-noise ratios of bioimaging and diagnostic specificity.Hence,this mini-review systematically examines molecular engineering principles for designing p H-,redox-,enzyme-,light-,thermo-,and US/magnetic-responsive polymers,with emphasis on structure-property relationships governing imaging performance modulation.Furthermore,we critically analyze emerging strategies for optical imaging,US synergies,and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Multimodal bioimaging has also been elaborated,which could overcome the inherent trade-offs between resolution,penetration depth,and functional specificity in single-modal approaches.By elucidating mechanistic insights and translational challenges,this mini-review aims to establish a design framework of stimuli-responsive block copolymersbased for high fidelity bioimaging agents and accelerate their clinical translation in precise diagnosis and therapy.
基金financially supported by National Key R&D Program Young Scientists Project(No.2023YFC3903100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22322503)analytical and testing assistance from the Analysis and Testing Center of HUST。
文摘Switchable polymerization is emerging as a powerful tool to construct block copolymers directly from mixtures of monomers.However,current achievements typically iterate between two polymerization cycles to afford products with fixed sequences and compositions.Herein,we report the triethylborane/1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene(Et_3B/DBU)pair-mediated four-component switchable polymerization of propylene oxide(PO),CO_(2),phthalic anhydride(PA),and racemic lactide(rac-LA),which enables the on-demand synthesis of four different block copolymers,i.e.,poly(propylene phthalate)-b-polylactide(PPE-b-PLA),PPE-b-PLA-b-poly(propylene carbonate)(PPC),PPE-b-PPC-b-PLA,and PPE-b-PPCb-poly(propylene oxide)(PPO),through rationally modulating the Lewis pair(LP)ratio.Core to this protocol is that increasing the loading of Et_(3)B accelerates the ring-opening of PO while impeding the reactivity of rac-LA,thus allowing for fine-tuning of the thermodynamic and kinetic of the switchable polymerization.Therefore,the four polymerization cycles involving PO/PA ring-opening copolymerization(ROCOP),PO/CO_(2) ROCOP,rac-LA ring-opening polymerization(ROP),and PO ROP can be connected and discriminated in precisely programmed manners.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 12071329,12471246].
文摘In mixture experiments,the observed response is determined by the relative proportions of the components,consequently rendering the experimental region a simplex.This paper focuses primarily on the optimal designs of mixture experiments that involve process variables.Prior research has extensively delved into optimal orthogonal block designs for some classic mixture models with process variables.Based on the framework of general blending models,this paper proposes a class of symmetric linear mixture models,which can be regarded as a generalization of many existing ones.Under the orthogonal blocking conditions,orthogonal block designs are devised through Latin squares in the presence of process variables.TheD-,A-,and E-optimality criteria are utilized to obtain optimal designs at the boundary of the simplex in the case of 3 components.As the values of the exponents change,numerically derived optimal design points are presented to illustrate the pattern of their variations,and to verify the consistency of the results with previous research on some specific symmetric general blending models.
基金sponsored by the Alpha Foundation for the Improvement of Mine Safety and Health,Inc.(ALPHA FOUNDATION).
文摘The failure and collapse of coal pillar ribs represent a significant hazard in the mining industry,with the associated risk of fatalities and injuries anticipated to rise as mining operations advance to greater depths.The development of support guidelines through an enhanced understanding of pillar damage and rock–support interaction mechanisms is crucial to resolving this issue.Bonded block models(BBMs)represent a convenient tool for this purpose,as they can reasonably reproduce the rock fracturing process;however,it is not known to what extent this modeling technique can be applied to simulate pillar failure mechanisms and support interaction in anisotropic rock masses,such as coal.To bridge this gap in research,hypothetical coal pillar BBMs of different width-to-height ratios were developed and calibrated to match Mark–Bieniawski's pillar strength equation,along with a few other attributes from the literature(stress levels at the edge of pillars and the transition from brittle to strain-hardening behavior with increasing width-to-height ratio).Elongated blocks were employed to capture the anisotropic behavior of coal mass.With the reliability of the model established,a few different support patterns were evaluated to ensure that the outputs are broadly consistent with expectations.Finally,simulations of roadway development and additional mining activities were completed considering geo-mining conditions representative of underground coal mines in the USA.The good consistency between model response and expected behaviors per field observation demonstrates the potential of BBMs to be used as a support design tool.
基金Supported by Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Sports and Health Information Monitoring Technology(KF2023012)。
文摘WiFi-based human activity recognition(HAR)provides a non-intrusive approach for ubiquitous monitoring;however,achieving both high accuracy and robustness simultaneously remains a significant challenge.This paper proposes a Convolutional Neural Network with Enhanced Convolutional Block Attention Module(CNN-ECBAM)framework.The approach systematically converts raw Channel State Information(CSI)into pseudo-color images,effectively preserving essential signal characteristics for deep neural network processing.The core innovation is an Enhanced Convolutional Block Attention Module(ECBAM),tailored to CSI data characteristics,which integrates Efficient Channel Attention(ECA)and Multi-Scale Spatial Attention(MSSA).By employing learnable adaptive fusion weights,it achieves dynamic synergy between channel and spatial features,enabling the network to capture highly discriminative spatiotemporal patterns.The ECBAM module is integrated into a unified Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)to form the overall CNN-ECBAM model.Experimental results on the UT-HAR and NTU-Fi_HAR datasets demonstrate that CNN-ECBAM achieves competitive performance in recognition accuracy and outperforms mainstream baseline models.Specifically,it attains 99.20%accuracy on UT-HAR(surpassing ResNet-18 at 98.60%)and achieves 100%accuracy on NTU-Fi_HAR(exceeding GAF-CNN at 99.62%).These results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method for high-precision and reliable WiFi-based HAR.
文摘Theory has it that increasing the step length improves the accuracy of a method. In order to affirm this we increased the step length of the concept in [1] by one to get k = 5. The technique of collocation and interpolation of the power series approximate solution at some selected grid points is considered so as to generate continuous linear multistep methods with constant step sizes. Two, three and four interpolation points are considered to generate the continuous predictor-corrector methods which are implemented in block method respectively. The proposed methods when tested on some numerical examples performed more efficiently than those of [1]. Interestingly the concept of self starting [2] and that of constant order are reaffirmed in our new methods.
