It is assumed here that the energy of a strong gravitational field creates non-linear effects over enclosed masses. This idea and the rigorous rules of the General Theory of Relativity output a metric that covers stro...It is assumed here that the energy of a strong gravitational field creates non-linear effects over enclosed masses. This idea and the rigorous rules of the General Theory of Relativity output a metric that covers strong and weak gravitational fields. The proposed metric could be correct because it included the Schwarzschild’s metric as a particular case and has no singularities. Additionally, it appears here that the massive condition of the gravitational fields has properties like the so-called Dark Matter.展开更多
Black nickel coatings have emerged as a research hotspot in materials science due to their excellent performance and broad application prospects.In this study,nickel-based black coatings were fabricated on low-carbon ...Black nickel coatings have emerged as a research hotspot in materials science due to their excellent performance and broad application prospects.In this study,nickel-based black coatings were fabricated on low-carbon steel substrates via photo-assisted electrodeposition.A systematic investigation was conducted on the effects of cerium ion concentration and nano-ceria(CeO_(2))particle content in the electrolyte on the coating properties,along with an analysis of the temporal evolution of coating’s corrosion resistance.When the cerium ion concentration in the electrolyte was 0.05 mol/L,the coating exhibited a uniform black appearance with a light absorption rate of 95%,an emissivity of 0.87,maximum impedance,and the lowest corrosion tendency,demonstrating optimal comprehensive performance.The coating prepared with a nano-ceria concentration of 6 g/L in the electrolyte exhibited an emissivity of 0.9,achieved a 5B adhesion grade(ASTM D3359-09),and demonstrated a one-order-of-magnitude reduction in corrosion current density compared to coatings fabricated without nano-ceria in the electrolyte.With prolonged storage time,the coating's impedance slightly increased,leading to improved corrosion resistance.展开更多
To deal with a polluted by-product of coal production,central China’s Shanxi Province has explored a governance path that addresses both the symptoms and root causes.
Stars getting close enough to black holes(BHs)can be torn apart by strong tidal forces,producing electromagnetic flares.To date,more than 100 tidal disruption events(TDEs)have been observed,each involving invariably n...Stars getting close enough to black holes(BHs)can be torn apart by strong tidal forces,producing electromagnetic flares.To date,more than 100 tidal disruption events(TDEs)have been observed,each involving invariably normal gaseous stars whose debris falls onto the BH,sustaining the flares over years.White dwarfs(WDs),which are the most prevalent compact stars and a million times denser-and therefore tougher-than gaseous stars,can only be disrupted by intermediate-mass black holes(IMBHs)of 10^(2)–10^(5) solar masses.WD-TDEs are considered to generate more powerful and short-lived flares,but their evidence has been lacking.Here we report observations of a fast and luminous X-ray transient EP250702a detected by Einstein Probe.Its one-day-long X-ray peak as luminous as 10^(47−49) erg s^(−1) showed strong recurrent flares with hard spectra extending to several tens of MeV gamma-rays,as detected by Fermi/GBM and Konus-Wind,indicating relativistic jet emission.The jet's X-rays dropped sharply from 3×10^(49) erg s^(−1) to around 1044 erg s^(−1) within 20 days(10 days in the source rest frame).These characteristics are inconsistent with any previously known transient phenomena.We suggest that this fast-evolving event over the unprecedentedly short timescale arises likely from disruption of a WD by an IMBH.At late times,a soft component progressively dominates the X-ray spectrum,reaching a luminosity as high as 1044 erg s^(−1),which is consistent with being extreme super-Eddington emission from an accretion disk expected to form in an IMBH-WD TDE.WD-TDEs open a new window for investigating the elusive IMBHs and their surrounding stellar environments,and they are prime sources of gravitational waves in the band of space-based interferometers.展开更多
Metal phosphides have been studied as prospective anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their higher specific capacity compared to other anode materials.However,rapid capacity decay and limited cycle li...Metal phosphides have been studied as prospective anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their higher specific capacity compared to other anode materials.However,rapid capacity decay and limited cycle life caused by volume expansion and low electrical conductivity of phosphides in SIBs remain still unsolved.To address these issues,GeP_(3) was first prepared by high-energy ball milling,and then Ketjen black(KB)was introduced to synthesize composite GeP_(3)/KB anode materials under controlled milling speed and time by a secondary ball milling process.During the ball milling process,GeP_(3) and KB form strong chemical bonds,resulting in a closely bonded composite.Consequently,the GeP_(3)/KB anodes was demonstrated excellent sodium storage performance,achieving a high reversible capacity of 933.41 mAh·g^(–1) at a current density of 0.05 A·g^(–1) for a special formula of GeP_(3)/KB-600-40 sample prepared at ball milling speed of 600 r/min for 40 h.Even at a high current density of 2 A·g^(–1) over 200 cycles,the capacity remains 314.52 mAh·g^(–1) with a retention rate of 66.6%.In conclusion,this work successfully prepares GeP_(3)/KB anode-carbon composite for electrodes by high-energy ball milling,which can restrict electrode volume expansion,enhance capacity,and improve cycle stability of SIBs.展开更多
The rapid development of industrialization requires the advancement of multifunctional coatings.In this study,successful self-assembly of iron porphyrin on BP nanosheets resulted in the synthesis of IBP nanosheets wit...The rapid development of industrialization requires the advancement of multifunctional coatings.In this study,successful self-assembly of iron porphyrin on BP nanosheets resulted in the synthesis of IBP nanosheets with a sandwich structure.Characterization tests including SEM,XPS,SPM,and XRD confirmed the successful preparation of IBP nanosheets with robust structural stability and antioxidation.Subsequently,a water-based epoxy resin(WEP)coating containing IBP nanosheets was prepared.Test results revealed that the composite coating containing 0.4 wt.%IBP nanosheets exhibited outstanding anti-corrosion,wear-resistant,and flame-retardant properties.After 42 days of immersion in a 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution,the Rct value of the 4-IBP/WEP coating was 1.79×10^(9)Ωcm^(2),surpassing the Pure WEP coating by more than 3 orders of magnitude.Additionally,the peak heat release rate(PHRR)and wear rate of the 4-IBP/WEP coating decreased by 19.29%and 90.97%compared to the Pure WEP coating.This research presents a novel idea for the utilization of BP nanosheets in multifunctional coatings.展开更多
Black soil is essential for maintaining regional food security and promoting global agricultural production.Understanding the weathering process of parent material and the accumulation of organic carbon is crucial to ...Black soil is essential for maintaining regional food security and promoting global agricultural production.Understanding the weathering process of parent material and the accumulation of organic carbon is crucial to comprehending the developmental history and future trends of black soil,especially against the background of large-scale global cultivation and climate change.Although the importance of black soil formation and evolution cannot be ignored,the relevant research is still very scarce.In this study,a typical eight-meter-deep soil core was collected from the Keshan area of the Songnen Plain,Northeast China,where surface black soil developed on paleo-sediments.Using^(14)C dating,the formation age of the black soil was determined.Based on the characteristics of the geochemical composition,grain size and the magnetic susceptibility of the sediments,it was demonstrated that the black soil and its parent material originated from reworked loess.Furthermore,the mass transfer coefficient(τ)of some elements was determined,in order to explore the soil weathering process.By calculating the transported amount of alkaline and alkaline-earth elements,the weathering rate of parent material to black soil was found to be weak,at 0.16 kEq·ha^(-1)·year^(-1).Combining the results of dating and carbon density in the different layers of black soil,the accumulation rate of organic carbon was determined as follows:rapidly increasing in the initial period of 13.2-2.2 ka,reaching its maximum average value of 34.0 g·cm^(-2)·a^(-1)at 2.2-0.8 ka,then showing a decreasing trend with an average value of-77.5 g·cm^(-2)·a^(-1).Compared with regional climate change,Keshan black soil has developed under a colder and wetter climate during the Holocene.Predictably,ongoing global warming may lead to the degradation of black soils in the Songnen Plain,as well as in other regions.Our results will enrich geological knowledge of black soil formation and future evolutionary trends.展开更多
This study investigates the mineralogy and mineral-chemistry of a newly discovered Au-Ag-Bi-Te mineralization at the Aydindere Fe-Cu skarn deposit,within the Pontides Tectonic Unit,northeastern Turkey.The mineralizati...This study investigates the mineralogy and mineral-chemistry of a newly discovered Au-Ag-Bi-Te mineralization at the Aydindere Fe-Cu skarn deposit,within the Pontides Tectonic Unit,northeastern Turkey.The mineralization is developed in the skarn zone at the contact between Upper Cretaceous andesite-pyroclastic rocks and a Paleocene–Eocene I-type granitoid.The principal ore minerals of the Aydindere Fe-Cu deposit are oxides(magnetite),sulfides(pyrite-chalcopyritegalena-sphalerite),tellurides/sulfotellurides(tetradymite,hessite),sulfosalts(wittichenite,emplectite,aikinite) and native gold-electrum.Skarn minerals include anhydrous phases(garnet) formed in a prograde stage and hydrous phases(amphibole,epidote,chlorite),which were formed in a retrograde stage in association with quartz,adularia,apatite and late calcite.Sulfides,tellurides and sulfosalts are introduced during the retrograde stage.The Au-Ag-Bi-Te mineralization was detected for the first time within the western ore body of the Aydindere deposit,and occurs in calcite-bearing sulfide bodies that cut magnetite-garnet-amphibole-epidote skarns with magnetite ores of different grade,including massive magnetite.Chlorite geothermometry indicates formation of the Au-Ag-BiTe mineralization at temperatures between 300 and 250 ℃,during the retrograde skarn evolution.Assuming the temperature is ~275 ℃,logfS_(2) =-10.5 to-13,logfO_(2) =-37 to-33,and logf Te2 values range from approximately-12 to-8.5 were estimated.The available mineralogical and geological data(presences of magnetite,oxidized-type tellurides/sulfotellurides,and andraditic garnets,and absence of pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite) suggest that Aydindere is an oxidized Au-bearing skarn deposit.The discovery of Au-Ag-Bi-Te mineralization at Aydindere increases its productivity and requires more detailed exploration in the deposit for precious(Au,Ag) and critical(Bi,Te) metals.展开更多
This review provides a comprehensive overview of natural rubber(NR)composites,focusing on their properties,compounding aspects,and renewable practices involving natural fibre reinforcement.The properties of NR are inf...This review provides a comprehensive overview of natural rubber(NR)composites,focusing on their properties,compounding aspects,and renewable practices involving natural fibre reinforcement.The properties of NR are influenced by the compounding process,which incorporates ingredients such as elastomers,vulcanizing agents,accelerators,activators,and fillers like carbon black and silica.While effective in enhancing properties,these fillers lack biodegradability,prompting the exploration of sustainable alternatives.The potential of natural fibres as renewable reinforcements in NR composites is thoroughly covered in this review,highlighting both their advan-tages,such as improved sustainability,and the challenges they present,such as compatibility with the rubber matrix.Surface treatment methods,including alkali and silane treatments,are also discussed as solutions to improve fibre-matrix adhesion and mitigate these challenges.Additionally,the review highlights the potential of oil palm empty fruit bunch(EFB)fibres as a natural fibre reinforcement.The abundance of EFB fibres and their alignment with sustainable practices make them promising substitutes for conventional fillers,contributing to valuable knowledge and supporting the broader move towards renewable reinforcement to improve sustain-ability without compromising the key properties of rubber composites.展开更多
Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death in China,accounting for approximately one-third of all stroke-associated deaths worldwide.Currently,thrombolysis is employed for ischemic strokes.However,due to the limite...Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death in China,accounting for approximately one-third of all stroke-associated deaths worldwide.Currently,thrombolysis is employed for ischemic strokes.However,due to the limited therapeutic window of thrombolytic agents,most patients do not receive the drug at the right time.Moreover,these agents are associated with risks of hemorrhage and reperfusion damage.Herein,Angiopep-2(ANG)-black phosphorus(BP)-resveratrol(RES),a drug-loaded system,was used to deliver drugs across the blood–brain barrier(BBB).ANG-BP-RES has a uniform size,stable structure,good photothermal effect,and strong drug release ability under near-infrared(NIR)irradiation and acidic conditions.Furthermore,ANG-BP-RES can efficiently target the brain and improve BBB permeability,exerting a significant therapeutic effect against ischemic brain injury,especially after NIR irradiation.ANG-BP-RES is also biocompatible and shows minimal toxicity toward cells and tissues.This study offers novel insights into the therapeutic management of ischemic brain injury.展开更多
Scientific knowledge on the chemical compositions of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) is essential for properly assessing its health and climate effects,and for decisionmakers to develop efficient mitigation strategi...Scientific knowledge on the chemical compositions of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) is essential for properly assessing its health and climate effects,and for decisionmakers to develop efficient mitigation strategies.A high-resolution PM_(2.5) chemical composition dataset(CAQRA-aerosol)is developed in this study,which provides hourly maps of organic carbon,black carbon,ammonium,nitrate,and sulfate in China from 2013 to 2020 with a horizontal resolution of 15 km.This paper describes the method,access,and validation results of this dataset.It shows that CAQRA-aerosol has good consistency with observations and achieves higher or comparable accuracy with previous PM_(2.5) composition datasets.Based on CAQRA-aerosol,spatiotemporal changes of different PM_(2.5) compositions were investigated from a national viewpoint,which emphasizes different changes of nitrate from other compositions.The estimated annual rate of population-weighted concentrations of nitrate is 0.23μg m^(−3)yr^(−1) from 2015 to 2020,compared with−0.19 to−1.1μg m^(−3)yr^(−1) for other compositions.The whole dataset is freely available from the China Air Pollution Data Center(https://doi.org/10.12423/capdb_PKU.2023.DA).展开更多
The accumulation of soil organic carbon(SOC)and total nitrogen(TN)is easily accomplished by returning crop straw,which strongly affects the formation and pore structure of aggregates,especially in black soil.We return...The accumulation of soil organic carbon(SOC)and total nitrogen(TN)is easily accomplished by returning crop straw,which strongly affects the formation and pore structure of aggregates,especially in black soil.We returned maize straw at different rates(6,000,9,000,12,000 and 15,000 kg ha^(-1))for nine years to investigate its influence on the SOC and TN contents in the SOC fractions of aggregates by combining size and density fractionation.Their subsequent influences on pore morphology and size distribution characteristics were examined using X-ray microcomputed tomography scanning(μCT).The results showed that returning straw significantly increased the contents of C and N in the SOC fractions of aggregates,especially at the return rates of 12,000 and 15,000 kg ha^(-1),which in turn promoted aggregate formation and stability,and ultimately amended pore structure.The pore size>100μm,porosity(>2μm),and morphological characteristics(anisotropy,circularity,connectivity and fractal dimension)significantly increased,but the total number of pores significantly decreased(P<0.05).Our results indicated that the amendment of the pore morphology and size distribution of soil aggregates was primarily controlled by the higher contents of C and N in the density fractions of aggregates,rather than in the aggregate sizes.Furthermore,this pore network reconfiguration favored the storage of C and N simultaneously.The findings of this study offer valuable new insights into the relationships between C and N storage and the pore characteristics in soil aggregates under straw return.展开更多
Black phosphorus(BP)is recognized as a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its high safety and theoretical capacity.However,traditional ball milling methodologies for fabricating BP composite anodes h...Black phosphorus(BP)is recognized as a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its high safety and theoretical capacity.However,traditional ball milling methodologies for fabricating BP composite anodes have not satisfactorily addressed the challenges of poor rate performance and short cycle life.To fill this scientific gap,we herein pioneer incorporating the sodium fast ionic conductorβ"-Al_(2)O_(3)into ball-milled BP with carbon,which facilitates the formation of three-dimensional mass transfer channels in the resulting composite.To stabilize these channels,we develop a novel and environmentally friendly functional binder that outperforms traditional binders in thermal stability,wettability,and mechanical properties.The newly established binder is capable of remarkably mitigating volume expansion and interfacial side reactions in the BP/β"-Al_(2)O_(3)/C composite anode.Additionally,we identify synergistic effects of the binder interacting with the BP/β"-Al_(2)O_(3)/C composite during cycling,characterized by the in-situ formation of P-O-C bonds,which is the first instance of a strong,durable chemical bond between the binder and the active material to the best of our knowledge.These advancements allow the composite electrode to exhibit exceptional sodium storage,including high initial Coulombic efficiency and long-term cycling stability,which surpasses most previous phosphorus-based anodes fabricated via traditional approaches.Notably,when paired with a Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)P_(2)O_7(NFPP)cathode,the full cell exhibits unexpectedly high energy and power densities,highlighting the BP potential in SIBs.The findings presented in the present work contribute to the promotion of economical and efficient applications of phosphorus-based anode materials.展开更多
The health of cropland systems is directly related to the degree of food security guarantee,and the‘quantity-quality-ecology as a whole’protection is of great significance for maintaining the health of cropland syst...The health of cropland systems is directly related to the degree of food security guarantee,and the‘quantity-quality-ecology as a whole’protection is of great significance for maintaining the health of cropland systems.Taking the typical black soil region in Northeast China(TBSN)as an example,this paper combined the concept of‘quantity-quality-ecology as a whole’protection with crop-land systems health,constructed a health assessment model for cropland systems,and used Google Earth Engine to conduct a quantitat-ive analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution of cropland systems health in TBSN during 2003–2023.By coupling the geographical detector and the Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression(MGWR)model,the driving factors of cropland health changes were explored.The study finds that during the research period,the health status of cropland systems in TBSN showed a slight downward trend,and the distribution pattern of cropland systems health gradually shifted from‘better in the east’to‘high in the northeast and low in the southwest’.Changes in average annual sunshine duration,relative humidity,and precipitation had a significant impact on the spa-tial differentiation of cropland systems health in the early stages,and were considered as dominant factors.Meanwhile,the influence of dual dominant factors in the natural environment on cropland systems health is increasing.Furthermore,the MGWR model performed better in revealing the complex relationships between natural and social factors and changes in cropland systems health,demonstrating the significant spatial heterogeneity of the impacts of natural environment and human activities on cropland systems health.The re-search can provide scientific guidance for the sustainable development of TBSN and formulate more precise and effective cropland pro-tection policies.展开更多
The advancement of planar micro-supercapacitors(PMSCs)for micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS)has been significantly hindered by the challenge of achieving high energy and power densities.This study addresses this is...The advancement of planar micro-supercapacitors(PMSCs)for micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS)has been significantly hindered by the challenge of achieving high energy and power densities.This study addresses this issue by leveraging screen-printing technology to fabricate high-performance PMSCs using innovative composite ink.The ink,a synergistic blend of few-layer graphene(Gt),carbon black(CB),and NiCo_(2)O_(4),was meticulously mixed to form a conductive and robust coating that enhanced the capacitive performance of the PMSCs.The optimized ink formulation and printing process result in a micro-supercapacitor with an exceptional areal capacitance of 18.95 mF/cm^(2)and an areal energy density of 2.63μW·h/cm^(2)at a current density of 0.05 mA/cm^(2),along with an areal power density of 0.025 mW/cm^(2).The devices demonstrated impressive durability with a capacitance retention rate of 94.7%after a stringent 20000-cycle test,demonstrating their potential for long-term applications.Moreover,the PMSCs displayed excellent mechanical flexibility,with a capacitance decrease of only 3.43%after 5000 bending cycles,highlighting their suitability for flexible electronic devices.The ease of integrating these PMSCs into series and parallel configurations for customized power further underscores their practicality for integrated power supply solutions in various technologies.展开更多
The Chandipura vesiculovirus(CHPV),a single-stranded,negative sense RNA arbovirus with five structural proteins-the G,N,M,P,and L proteins-is the source of Chandipura virus infection.Children between the ages of 9 mon...The Chandipura vesiculovirus(CHPV),a single-stranded,negative sense RNA arbovirus with five structural proteins-the G,N,M,P,and L proteins-is the source of Chandipura virus infection.Children between the ages of 9 months and 14 years old are the most common recipients of CHPV infection,which is primarily spread by sand flies(Sergentomyia,Phlebotomus species).The potential advantages of black seeds(N.sativa)in the treatment of patients with CHPV infection are the main topic of our current review.The majority of patients infected with CHPV experience neurological complications such as encephalitis and other neurological complications.Since there is currently no approved antiviral treatment,supportive care and symptomatic therapy are the primary methods used to manage CHPV-infected patients.Herbal candidates possessing antioxidant,immunomodulatory,antiviral,and anti-inflammatory qualities may aid in the treatment of CHPV infection.The antiviral,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and immunomodulatory qualities of black seeds(N.sativa)have been shown in a number of preclinical and clinical investigations;these attributes could be helpful in the treatment of CHPV infection.Black seeds(N.sativa)may help treat CHPV-infected patients in the early stages of their illness when used in conjunction with symptomatic therapy and supportive care.In patients infected with CHPV,additional randomized controlled clinical trials would assess the efficacy and safety of black seeds(N.sativa).展开更多
This work provides a descriptive analysis of the so-called Black American community whose practical consciousness is a result of adopting,and reacting to,both white values and discriminatory terms to constitute their ...This work provides a descriptive analysis of the so-called Black American community whose practical consciousness is a result of adopting,and reacting to,both white values and discriminatory terms to constitute their practical activities and so-called cultural identity.Outside of the practices associated with these values and discriminatory terms,there is no sui generis Black American identity and community with its own form of system and social integration that is different from,or diametrically opposes,the Protestant Ethic and the spirit of capitalism of their white counterparts,which would emerge out of that relationship.展开更多
Simple cubic black phosphorus(BP)has been recognized as a strategic material due to its exceptional structural stability under extreme conditions.In this investigation,simple cubic BP was successfully synthesized thro...Simple cubic black phosphorus(BP)has been recognized as a strategic material due to its exceptional structural stability under extreme conditions.In this investigation,simple cubic BP was successfully synthesized through shock-induced phase transformation,utilizing amorphous red phosphorus as the precursor material.The phase evolution process was systematically investigated using plane shock loading apparatus,with shock pressure and temperature parameters being precisely controlled to optimize transformation kinetics.Comprehensive phase characterization revealed the correlation between thermodynamic loading profiles and cubic BP formation efficiency.Precursor modification strategies were implemented through orthorhombic BP utilization,resulting in enhanced cubic phase yield and crystallinity.The synthesized cubic BP variants are considered promising candidates for advanced protective material systems,particularly where combinations of mechanical resilience and thermal stability are required under extreme operational conditions.This research provides critical insights into shock-induced phase transformation mechanics,while establishing foundational protocols for manufacturing non-equilibrium materials with potential applications in next-generation defensive technologies.展开更多
An earlier version of this paper has been presented online at the annual Conference of Canadian Sociological Association,during the Congress of Humanities and Social Sciences in Toronto in June 2025.It explores how ra...An earlier version of this paper has been presented online at the annual Conference of Canadian Sociological Association,during the Congress of Humanities and Social Sciences in Toronto in June 2025.It explores how rap music in Quebec,particularly through the work of the rap artist Webster and his collective Limoilou Starz(LS),serves as a tool for meaning-making,political expression,and resistance against racial profiling and police brutality experienced by Black youth in Quebec City.The study focuses on the song“SPVQ”(Service de police de la Ville de Québec)as a case study to analyze the encoding and reception of anti-racist messages within rap culture.Webster draws from a global tradition of socio-political rap-like that of African-American rappers KRS-One,LL Cool J,and Tupac-while anchoring his critique in the local realities of Limoilou,a marginalized,racially diverse district of Quebec City.Through a narrative,figurative,semantic,and ideological analysis of the song,the paper reveals how Webster articulates themes of police brutality,structural discrimination,economic marginalization,and resistance.The rapper’s message is both a form of testimony and a civic intervention.His broader activism is analyzed through ethnographic techniques-including participant observation and interviews during workshops,media appearances,and online campaigns.It translates these messages into tangible social practices.To explain the persistence of these injustices,the paper situates the issue within Quebec’s interculturalism framework,which ostensibly promotes dialogue and integration but often masks or even reinforces structural racism.This model maintains a symbolic majority/minority duality and conditions inclusion on conformity to a dominant White Francophone identity,thus rendering racialized youth as perpetual outsiders.展开更多
文摘It is assumed here that the energy of a strong gravitational field creates non-linear effects over enclosed masses. This idea and the rigorous rules of the General Theory of Relativity output a metric that covers strong and weak gravitational fields. The proposed metric could be correct because it included the Schwarzschild’s metric as a particular case and has no singularities. Additionally, it appears here that the massive condition of the gravitational fields has properties like the so-called Dark Matter.
文摘Black nickel coatings have emerged as a research hotspot in materials science due to their excellent performance and broad application prospects.In this study,nickel-based black coatings were fabricated on low-carbon steel substrates via photo-assisted electrodeposition.A systematic investigation was conducted on the effects of cerium ion concentration and nano-ceria(CeO_(2))particle content in the electrolyte on the coating properties,along with an analysis of the temporal evolution of coating’s corrosion resistance.When the cerium ion concentration in the electrolyte was 0.05 mol/L,the coating exhibited a uniform black appearance with a light absorption rate of 95%,an emissivity of 0.87,maximum impedance,and the lowest corrosion tendency,demonstrating optimal comprehensive performance.The coating prepared with a nano-ceria concentration of 6 g/L in the electrolyte exhibited an emissivity of 0.9,achieved a 5B adhesion grade(ASTM D3359-09),and demonstrated a one-order-of-magnitude reduction in corrosion current density compared to coatings fabricated without nano-ceria in the electrolyte.With prolonged storage time,the coating's impedance slightly increased,leading to improved corrosion resistance.
文摘To deal with a polluted by-product of coal production,central China’s Shanxi Province has explored a governance path that addresses both the symptoms and root causes.
文摘Stars getting close enough to black holes(BHs)can be torn apart by strong tidal forces,producing electromagnetic flares.To date,more than 100 tidal disruption events(TDEs)have been observed,each involving invariably normal gaseous stars whose debris falls onto the BH,sustaining the flares over years.White dwarfs(WDs),which are the most prevalent compact stars and a million times denser-and therefore tougher-than gaseous stars,can only be disrupted by intermediate-mass black holes(IMBHs)of 10^(2)–10^(5) solar masses.WD-TDEs are considered to generate more powerful and short-lived flares,but their evidence has been lacking.Here we report observations of a fast and luminous X-ray transient EP250702a detected by Einstein Probe.Its one-day-long X-ray peak as luminous as 10^(47−49) erg s^(−1) showed strong recurrent flares with hard spectra extending to several tens of MeV gamma-rays,as detected by Fermi/GBM and Konus-Wind,indicating relativistic jet emission.The jet's X-rays dropped sharply from 3×10^(49) erg s^(−1) to around 1044 erg s^(−1) within 20 days(10 days in the source rest frame).These characteristics are inconsistent with any previously known transient phenomena.We suggest that this fast-evolving event over the unprecedentedly short timescale arises likely from disruption of a WD by an IMBH.At late times,a soft component progressively dominates the X-ray spectrum,reaching a luminosity as high as 1044 erg s^(−1),which is consistent with being extreme super-Eddington emission from an accretion disk expected to form in an IMBH-WD TDE.WD-TDEs open a new window for investigating the elusive IMBHs and their surrounding stellar environments,and they are prime sources of gravitational waves in the band of space-based interferometers.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Young Scientist Fund(22105120)Shaanxi Province Qin Chuangyuan“Scientist+Engineer”Team Construction Project(2024QCY-KXJ-127)。
文摘Metal phosphides have been studied as prospective anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their higher specific capacity compared to other anode materials.However,rapid capacity decay and limited cycle life caused by volume expansion and low electrical conductivity of phosphides in SIBs remain still unsolved.To address these issues,GeP_(3) was first prepared by high-energy ball milling,and then Ketjen black(KB)was introduced to synthesize composite GeP_(3)/KB anode materials under controlled milling speed and time by a secondary ball milling process.During the ball milling process,GeP_(3) and KB form strong chemical bonds,resulting in a closely bonded composite.Consequently,the GeP_(3)/KB anodes was demonstrated excellent sodium storage performance,achieving a high reversible capacity of 933.41 mAh·g^(–1) at a current density of 0.05 A·g^(–1) for a special formula of GeP_(3)/KB-600-40 sample prepared at ball milling speed of 600 r/min for 40 h.Even at a high current density of 2 A·g^(–1) over 200 cycles,the capacity remains 314.52 mAh·g^(–1) with a retention rate of 66.6%.In conclusion,this work successfully prepares GeP_(3)/KB anode-carbon composite for electrodes by high-energy ball milling,which can restrict electrode volume expansion,enhance capacity,and improve cycle stability of SIBs.
基金supports from the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(No.2024A04J3710)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22268025).
文摘The rapid development of industrialization requires the advancement of multifunctional coatings.In this study,successful self-assembly of iron porphyrin on BP nanosheets resulted in the synthesis of IBP nanosheets with a sandwich structure.Characterization tests including SEM,XPS,SPM,and XRD confirmed the successful preparation of IBP nanosheets with robust structural stability and antioxidation.Subsequently,a water-based epoxy resin(WEP)coating containing IBP nanosheets was prepared.Test results revealed that the composite coating containing 0.4 wt.%IBP nanosheets exhibited outstanding anti-corrosion,wear-resistant,and flame-retardant properties.After 42 days of immersion in a 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution,the Rct value of the 4-IBP/WEP coating was 1.79×10^(9)Ωcm^(2),surpassing the Pure WEP coating by more than 3 orders of magnitude.Additionally,the peak heat release rate(PHRR)and wear rate of the 4-IBP/WEP coating decreased by 19.29%and 90.97%compared to the Pure WEP coating.This research presents a novel idea for the utilization of BP nanosheets in multifunctional coatings.
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of the Command Center of Integrated Natural Resources Survey Center(KC20230002)the China Geological Survey Project(DD20230471,DD20220855 and DD20243282)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41872100)the National Key R&D Plan(2022YFC2903402)。
文摘Black soil is essential for maintaining regional food security and promoting global agricultural production.Understanding the weathering process of parent material and the accumulation of organic carbon is crucial to comprehending the developmental history and future trends of black soil,especially against the background of large-scale global cultivation and climate change.Although the importance of black soil formation and evolution cannot be ignored,the relevant research is still very scarce.In this study,a typical eight-meter-deep soil core was collected from the Keshan area of the Songnen Plain,Northeast China,where surface black soil developed on paleo-sediments.Using^(14)C dating,the formation age of the black soil was determined.Based on the characteristics of the geochemical composition,grain size and the magnetic susceptibility of the sediments,it was demonstrated that the black soil and its parent material originated from reworked loess.Furthermore,the mass transfer coefficient(τ)of some elements was determined,in order to explore the soil weathering process.By calculating the transported amount of alkaline and alkaline-earth elements,the weathering rate of parent material to black soil was found to be weak,at 0.16 kEq·ha^(-1)·year^(-1).Combining the results of dating and carbon density in the different layers of black soil,the accumulation rate of organic carbon was determined as follows:rapidly increasing in the initial period of 13.2-2.2 ka,reaching its maximum average value of 34.0 g·cm^(-2)·a^(-1)at 2.2-0.8 ka,then showing a decreasing trend with an average value of-77.5 g·cm^(-2)·a^(-1).Compared with regional climate change,Keshan black soil has developed under a colder and wetter climate during the Holocene.Predictably,ongoing global warming may lead to the degradation of black soils in the Songnen Plain,as well as in other regions.Our results will enrich geological knowledge of black soil formation and future evolutionary trends.
文摘This study investigates the mineralogy and mineral-chemistry of a newly discovered Au-Ag-Bi-Te mineralization at the Aydindere Fe-Cu skarn deposit,within the Pontides Tectonic Unit,northeastern Turkey.The mineralization is developed in the skarn zone at the contact between Upper Cretaceous andesite-pyroclastic rocks and a Paleocene–Eocene I-type granitoid.The principal ore minerals of the Aydindere Fe-Cu deposit are oxides(magnetite),sulfides(pyrite-chalcopyritegalena-sphalerite),tellurides/sulfotellurides(tetradymite,hessite),sulfosalts(wittichenite,emplectite,aikinite) and native gold-electrum.Skarn minerals include anhydrous phases(garnet) formed in a prograde stage and hydrous phases(amphibole,epidote,chlorite),which were formed in a retrograde stage in association with quartz,adularia,apatite and late calcite.Sulfides,tellurides and sulfosalts are introduced during the retrograde stage.The Au-Ag-Bi-Te mineralization was detected for the first time within the western ore body of the Aydindere deposit,and occurs in calcite-bearing sulfide bodies that cut magnetite-garnet-amphibole-epidote skarns with magnetite ores of different grade,including massive magnetite.Chlorite geothermometry indicates formation of the Au-Ag-BiTe mineralization at temperatures between 300 and 250 ℃,during the retrograde skarn evolution.Assuming the temperature is ~275 ℃,logfS_(2) =-10.5 to-13,logfO_(2) =-37 to-33,and logf Te2 values range from approximately-12 to-8.5 were estimated.The available mineralogical and geological data(presences of magnetite,oxidized-type tellurides/sulfotellurides,and andraditic garnets,and absence of pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite) suggest that Aydindere is an oxidized Au-bearing skarn deposit.The discovery of Au-Ag-Bi-Te mineralization at Aydindere increases its productivity and requires more detailed exploration in the deposit for precious(Au,Ag) and critical(Bi,Te) metals.
基金funded under the Collaborative Research Initiative Grant Scheme(C-RIGS),grant number C-RIGS24-016-0022 from IIUM.
文摘This review provides a comprehensive overview of natural rubber(NR)composites,focusing on their properties,compounding aspects,and renewable practices involving natural fibre reinforcement.The properties of NR are influenced by the compounding process,which incorporates ingredients such as elastomers,vulcanizing agents,accelerators,activators,and fillers like carbon black and silica.While effective in enhancing properties,these fillers lack biodegradability,prompting the exploration of sustainable alternatives.The potential of natural fibres as renewable reinforcements in NR composites is thoroughly covered in this review,highlighting both their advan-tages,such as improved sustainability,and the challenges they present,such as compatibility with the rubber matrix.Surface treatment methods,including alkali and silane treatments,are also discussed as solutions to improve fibre-matrix adhesion and mitigate these challenges.Additionally,the review highlights the potential of oil palm empty fruit bunch(EFB)fibres as a natural fibre reinforcement.The abundance of EFB fibres and their alignment with sustainable practices make them promising substitutes for conventional fillers,contributing to valuable knowledge and supporting the broader move towards renewable reinforcement to improve sustain-ability without compromising the key properties of rubber composites.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81960334)the Guiding Plan of Xinjiang Production Construction Corps (No. 2022ZD007)+4 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talents Program of Guangdong Province (No. 2019TX05C343)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province-Regional Joint Fund-Key Projects (No. 2019B1515120043)the Project supported by the State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications (No. SKLA-2020-03)the support from Instrumental Analysis Center of Shenzhen University (Xili Campus)Instrumental Analysis Center of Shihezi University.
文摘Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death in China,accounting for approximately one-third of all stroke-associated deaths worldwide.Currently,thrombolysis is employed for ischemic strokes.However,due to the limited therapeutic window of thrombolytic agents,most patients do not receive the drug at the right time.Moreover,these agents are associated with risks of hemorrhage and reperfusion damage.Herein,Angiopep-2(ANG)-black phosphorus(BP)-resveratrol(RES),a drug-loaded system,was used to deliver drugs across the blood–brain barrier(BBB).ANG-BP-RES has a uniform size,stable structure,good photothermal effect,and strong drug release ability under near-infrared(NIR)irradiation and acidic conditions.Furthermore,ANG-BP-RES can efficiently target the brain and improve BBB permeability,exerting a significant therapeutic effect against ischemic brain injury,especially after NIR irradiation.ANG-BP-RES is also biocompatible and shows minimal toxicity toward cells and tissues.This study offers novel insights into the therapeutic management of ischemic brain injury.
基金support from the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project “Earth System Science Numerical Simulator Facility” (Earth Lab)sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42175132, 92044303, and 42205119)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program (Grant Nos. 2020YFA0607802 and 2022YFC3703003)the CAS Information Technology Program (Grant No. CAS-WX2021SF-0107-02)the fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2022M723093)
文摘Scientific knowledge on the chemical compositions of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) is essential for properly assessing its health and climate effects,and for decisionmakers to develop efficient mitigation strategies.A high-resolution PM_(2.5) chemical composition dataset(CAQRA-aerosol)is developed in this study,which provides hourly maps of organic carbon,black carbon,ammonium,nitrate,and sulfate in China from 2013 to 2020 with a horizontal resolution of 15 km.This paper describes the method,access,and validation results of this dataset.It shows that CAQRA-aerosol has good consistency with observations and achieves higher or comparable accuracy with previous PM_(2.5) composition datasets.Based on CAQRA-aerosol,spatiotemporal changes of different PM_(2.5) compositions were investigated from a national viewpoint,which emphasizes different changes of nitrate from other compositions.The estimated annual rate of population-weighted concentrations of nitrate is 0.23μg m^(−3)yr^(−1) from 2015 to 2020,compared with−0.19 to−1.1μg m^(−3)yr^(−1) for other compositions.The whole dataset is freely available from the China Air Pollution Data Center(https://doi.org/10.12423/capdb_PKU.2023.DA).
基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences for their financial support and research facilitiesfunded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1500100)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28070100)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS04)。
文摘The accumulation of soil organic carbon(SOC)and total nitrogen(TN)is easily accomplished by returning crop straw,which strongly affects the formation and pore structure of aggregates,especially in black soil.We returned maize straw at different rates(6,000,9,000,12,000 and 15,000 kg ha^(-1))for nine years to investigate its influence on the SOC and TN contents in the SOC fractions of aggregates by combining size and density fractionation.Their subsequent influences on pore morphology and size distribution characteristics were examined using X-ray microcomputed tomography scanning(μCT).The results showed that returning straw significantly increased the contents of C and N in the SOC fractions of aggregates,especially at the return rates of 12,000 and 15,000 kg ha^(-1),which in turn promoted aggregate formation and stability,and ultimately amended pore structure.The pore size>100μm,porosity(>2μm),and morphological characteristics(anisotropy,circularity,connectivity and fractal dimension)significantly increased,but the total number of pores significantly decreased(P<0.05).Our results indicated that the amendment of the pore morphology and size distribution of soil aggregates was primarily controlled by the higher contents of C and N in the density fractions of aggregates,rather than in the aggregate sizes.Furthermore,this pore network reconfiguration favored the storage of C and N simultaneously.The findings of this study offer valuable new insights into the relationships between C and N storage and the pore characteristics in soil aggregates under straw return.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3807700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072217,22179071,51772169,and 52104313)+3 种基金the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2023AFB618 and 2024AFB993)the Hubei Natural Science Foundation Innovation Group Project(2022CFA020)the Joint Funds of the Hubei Natural Science Foundation Innovation and Development(2022CFD034)the Major Technological Innovation Project of Hubei Science and Technology Department(2019AAA164)。
文摘Black phosphorus(BP)is recognized as a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its high safety and theoretical capacity.However,traditional ball milling methodologies for fabricating BP composite anodes have not satisfactorily addressed the challenges of poor rate performance and short cycle life.To fill this scientific gap,we herein pioneer incorporating the sodium fast ionic conductorβ"-Al_(2)O_(3)into ball-milled BP with carbon,which facilitates the formation of three-dimensional mass transfer channels in the resulting composite.To stabilize these channels,we develop a novel and environmentally friendly functional binder that outperforms traditional binders in thermal stability,wettability,and mechanical properties.The newly established binder is capable of remarkably mitigating volume expansion and interfacial side reactions in the BP/β"-Al_(2)O_(3)/C composite anode.Additionally,we identify synergistic effects of the binder interacting with the BP/β"-Al_(2)O_(3)/C composite during cycling,characterized by the in-situ formation of P-O-C bonds,which is the first instance of a strong,durable chemical bond between the binder and the active material to the best of our knowledge.These advancements allow the composite electrode to exhibit exceptional sodium storage,including high initial Coulombic efficiency and long-term cycling stability,which surpasses most previous phosphorus-based anodes fabricated via traditional approaches.Notably,when paired with a Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)P_(2)O_7(NFPP)cathode,the full cell exhibits unexpectedly high energy and power densities,highlighting the BP potential in SIBs.The findings presented in the present work contribute to the promotion of economical and efficient applications of phosphorus-based anode materials.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund Project(No.41701424)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science(No.OFSLRSS201716)+1 种基金Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project(No.20240701167FG)Science and Technology Research Project of Education Department of Jilin Province(No.JJKH20230502KJ)。
文摘The health of cropland systems is directly related to the degree of food security guarantee,and the‘quantity-quality-ecology as a whole’protection is of great significance for maintaining the health of cropland systems.Taking the typical black soil region in Northeast China(TBSN)as an example,this paper combined the concept of‘quantity-quality-ecology as a whole’protection with crop-land systems health,constructed a health assessment model for cropland systems,and used Google Earth Engine to conduct a quantitat-ive analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution of cropland systems health in TBSN during 2003–2023.By coupling the geographical detector and the Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression(MGWR)model,the driving factors of cropland health changes were explored.The study finds that during the research period,the health status of cropland systems in TBSN showed a slight downward trend,and the distribution pattern of cropland systems health gradually shifted from‘better in the east’to‘high in the northeast and low in the southwest’.Changes in average annual sunshine duration,relative humidity,and precipitation had a significant impact on the spa-tial differentiation of cropland systems health in the early stages,and were considered as dominant factors.Meanwhile,the influence of dual dominant factors in the natural environment on cropland systems health is increasing.Furthermore,the MGWR model performed better in revealing the complex relationships between natural and social factors and changes in cropland systems health,demonstrating the significant spatial heterogeneity of the impacts of natural environment and human activities on cropland systems health.The re-search can provide scientific guidance for the sustainable development of TBSN and formulate more precise and effective cropland pro-tection policies.
基金supported by the Shanxi Province Central Guidance Fund for Local Science and Technology Development Project(YDZJSX2024D030)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075197,22278290)+2 种基金the Shanxi Province Key Research and Development Program Project(2021020660301013)the Shanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(202103021224079)the Research and Development Project of Key Core and Common Technology of Shanxi Province(20201102018).
文摘The advancement of planar micro-supercapacitors(PMSCs)for micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS)has been significantly hindered by the challenge of achieving high energy and power densities.This study addresses this issue by leveraging screen-printing technology to fabricate high-performance PMSCs using innovative composite ink.The ink,a synergistic blend of few-layer graphene(Gt),carbon black(CB),and NiCo_(2)O_(4),was meticulously mixed to form a conductive and robust coating that enhanced the capacitive performance of the PMSCs.The optimized ink formulation and printing process result in a micro-supercapacitor with an exceptional areal capacitance of 18.95 mF/cm^(2)and an areal energy density of 2.63μW·h/cm^(2)at a current density of 0.05 mA/cm^(2),along with an areal power density of 0.025 mW/cm^(2).The devices demonstrated impressive durability with a capacitance retention rate of 94.7%after a stringent 20000-cycle test,demonstrating their potential for long-term applications.Moreover,the PMSCs displayed excellent mechanical flexibility,with a capacitance decrease of only 3.43%after 5000 bending cycles,highlighting their suitability for flexible electronic devices.The ease of integrating these PMSCs into series and parallel configurations for customized power further underscores their practicality for integrated power supply solutions in various technologies.
文摘The Chandipura vesiculovirus(CHPV),a single-stranded,negative sense RNA arbovirus with five structural proteins-the G,N,M,P,and L proteins-is the source of Chandipura virus infection.Children between the ages of 9 months and 14 years old are the most common recipients of CHPV infection,which is primarily spread by sand flies(Sergentomyia,Phlebotomus species).The potential advantages of black seeds(N.sativa)in the treatment of patients with CHPV infection are the main topic of our current review.The majority of patients infected with CHPV experience neurological complications such as encephalitis and other neurological complications.Since there is currently no approved antiviral treatment,supportive care and symptomatic therapy are the primary methods used to manage CHPV-infected patients.Herbal candidates possessing antioxidant,immunomodulatory,antiviral,and anti-inflammatory qualities may aid in the treatment of CHPV infection.The antiviral,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and immunomodulatory qualities of black seeds(N.sativa)have been shown in a number of preclinical and clinical investigations;these attributes could be helpful in the treatment of CHPV infection.Black seeds(N.sativa)may help treat CHPV-infected patients in the early stages of their illness when used in conjunction with symptomatic therapy and supportive care.In patients infected with CHPV,additional randomized controlled clinical trials would assess the efficacy and safety of black seeds(N.sativa).
文摘This work provides a descriptive analysis of the so-called Black American community whose practical consciousness is a result of adopting,and reacting to,both white values and discriminatory terms to constitute their practical activities and so-called cultural identity.Outside of the practices associated with these values and discriminatory terms,there is no sui generis Black American identity and community with its own form of system and social integration that is different from,or diametrically opposes,the Protestant Ethic and the spirit of capitalism of their white counterparts,which would emerge out of that relationship.
基金supported by the Youth Project of the Independent Subject of the State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection,Beijing Institute of Technology(Grant Nos.QNKT25-13 and QNKT24-02)the 76th batch of Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M764116)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12002048,12072037,12102050,and 12202067)the Science and Technology Commission,China(Grant No.2019-jcjc-zd-011-00)the Project supported by the Open Funds of Kui Yuan Laboratory(Grant No.KY202431)the State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection(Grant No.KFJJ25-21M)。
文摘Simple cubic black phosphorus(BP)has been recognized as a strategic material due to its exceptional structural stability under extreme conditions.In this investigation,simple cubic BP was successfully synthesized through shock-induced phase transformation,utilizing amorphous red phosphorus as the precursor material.The phase evolution process was systematically investigated using plane shock loading apparatus,with shock pressure and temperature parameters being precisely controlled to optimize transformation kinetics.Comprehensive phase characterization revealed the correlation between thermodynamic loading profiles and cubic BP formation efficiency.Precursor modification strategies were implemented through orthorhombic BP utilization,resulting in enhanced cubic phase yield and crystallinity.The synthesized cubic BP variants are considered promising candidates for advanced protective material systems,particularly where combinations of mechanical resilience and thermal stability are required under extreme operational conditions.This research provides critical insights into shock-induced phase transformation mechanics,while establishing foundational protocols for manufacturing non-equilibrium materials with potential applications in next-generation defensive technologies.
文摘An earlier version of this paper has been presented online at the annual Conference of Canadian Sociological Association,during the Congress of Humanities and Social Sciences in Toronto in June 2025.It explores how rap music in Quebec,particularly through the work of the rap artist Webster and his collective Limoilou Starz(LS),serves as a tool for meaning-making,political expression,and resistance against racial profiling and police brutality experienced by Black youth in Quebec City.The study focuses on the song“SPVQ”(Service de police de la Ville de Québec)as a case study to analyze the encoding and reception of anti-racist messages within rap culture.Webster draws from a global tradition of socio-political rap-like that of African-American rappers KRS-One,LL Cool J,and Tupac-while anchoring his critique in the local realities of Limoilou,a marginalized,racially diverse district of Quebec City.Through a narrative,figurative,semantic,and ideological analysis of the song,the paper reveals how Webster articulates themes of police brutality,structural discrimination,economic marginalization,and resistance.The rapper’s message is both a form of testimony and a civic intervention.His broader activism is analyzed through ethnographic techniques-including participant observation and interviews during workshops,media appearances,and online campaigns.It translates these messages into tangible social practices.To explain the persistence of these injustices,the paper situates the issue within Quebec’s interculturalism framework,which ostensibly promotes dialogue and integration but often masks or even reinforces structural racism.This model maintains a symbolic majority/minority duality and conditions inclusion on conformity to a dominant White Francophone identity,thus rendering racialized youth as perpetual outsiders.
