RDV■(dynamic vasoactive reactor)chemical technology represents a disruptive innovation operating under both surface and downhole conditions,producing irreversible and in situ adaptable effects.It has demonstrated tra...RDV■(dynamic vasoactive reactor)chemical technology represents a disruptive innovation operating under both surface and downhole conditions,producing irreversible and in situ adaptable effects.It has demonstrated transformative capacity across crude oils of various API gravities,with notable impact on extra-heavy crudes and bitumens,through a mechanism based on targeted proton donation that induces selective protonation of polar structures,generating transient carbocations that catalyze molecular fragmentation.This work presents a comprehensive analysis of the effects of RDV-DMG001■treatment(currently named RDV-01L■)on bitumen samples from the Primrose field,Alberta,Canada,using capillary chromatography,SARA analysis,and rheological evaluation,complemented with comparative data on prior applications of RDV-01L■in extra-heavy crudes from Venezuela(Boscán and El Salto).Results for Primrose bitumen show an 85%reduction in viscosity(from 500,000 to 75,000 cP),an increase in API gravity from 8.5 to 15.0(+76.4%),and molecular redistribution toward medium-chain hydrocarbons(C_(13)-C_(16)),with increases in molar and mass fractions up to 39.1%and 62.3%,respectively.SARA analysis confirmed fragmentation of asphaltenes(2.0%mass reduction)and a 5.8%increase in resins,improving colloidal stability and lowering precipitation risk.These changes align with RDV■’s mechanism of action based on carbocation generation.Notably,in field conditions-which are more dynamic and energetically favorable-RDV■treatment efficacy tends to exceed laboratory results,due to synergy among temperature,pressure,and fluid flow gradients which accelerate and enhance protonation and molecular fragmentation.Validated in contexts of advanced chemical transformation(Venezuela,Canada),the technology enables substantial improvements in fluidity,transport,processing,and recovery,with significant potential for annual cost savings in extraction and processing.This study positions RDV■as a disruptive,irreversible,and in situ adaptable chemical solution superior to conventional technologies such as surfactants,nanocatalysts,or aquathermolysis.RDV■is a quantum-impact chemical technology operating via molecular protonation reactions and controlled carbocation formation.The term“quantum”is used here as a conceptual analogy to describe the magnitude and specificity of the molecular reconfiguration induced by RDV■,without asserting direct experimental evidence of quantum reactivity.展开更多
Rubbery waste at the end of the cycle often constitutes a threat for the environment because of their encumbrance and low biodeterioration.The purpose of the research presented is to develop the rubber fine powder as ...Rubbery waste at the end of the cycle often constitutes a threat for the environment because of their encumbrance and low biodeterioration.The purpose of the research presented is to develop the rubber fine powder as a pavement.It is interested primarily in the behavior of two types of bitumen 40/50 modified by the addition of two varieties of rubber fine powders of different grading,resulting from the crushing of the rubbery products intended for the clothes industry of soles of shoes.The objective of the experimentation is to study the influence of the added polymer on the physical properties of the ordinary road bitumen with the incorporation of the fine powder.The experimental approach is carried out using the two tests of characterization of the bitumen i.e.the softening point test and the penetration test which remain the most used to define and classify the road bitumen.It will be noted however,that the experimental investigation which is based on several tests according to the type and the content of fine powders,leads on a whole of interesting correlations.展开更多
The Tangjiashan lead-zinc deposit,located on the southwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin,is rich in bitumen,and the lead-zinc ore and bitumen coexist closely,indicating a close genetic relationship between lead-zinc ...The Tangjiashan lead-zinc deposit,located on the southwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin,is rich in bitumen,and the lead-zinc ore and bitumen coexist closely,indicating a close genetic relationship between lead-zinc mineralization and hydrocarbon reservoir formation.However,whether bitumen shares the same source as the current gas reservoirs within the basin or other destroyed gas reservoirs along the basin margins remains unknown.Here,we conducted an organic geochemical analysis of bitumen in this deposit and identified the sources of hydrocarbons by comparing biomarker compounds with those of potential source rocks.The authors found that the bitumen in the Tangjiashan lead-zinc deposit has good comparability with the hydrocarbon source rocks of the Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation,suggesting that the primary sources of oil in this ancient hydrocarbon reservoir are muddy source rocks of the Qiongzhusi Formation.This research is important for enhancing the understanding of the genetic connection between lead-zinc mineralization and hydrocarbon formation,providing crucial insights for strategies to explore both metal ores and hydrocarbons and advancing the geological understanding of petroleum systems in the Sichuan Basin.展开更多
To satisfy the increasing global energy demand,while searching for new energy sources,it’s important to take a closer look at the resources already at our disposal and optimize their use.This comprehensive review exp...To satisfy the increasing global energy demand,while searching for new energy sources,it’s important to take a closer look at the resources already at our disposal and optimize their use.This comprehensive review explores the evolving landscape of unconventional oil resources,focusing on the environmental and economic implica-tions of bitumen partial upgrading technologies,particularly within the Canadian context.With over 55%of the world’s oil reserves comprising of unconventional oil,which includes extra-heavy oil and oil sand bitumen,there is a growing trend to shift from traditional oil sources to these abundant yet under-utilized reserves.This review delves into the challenges and advancements in bitumen partial upgrading,highlighting the latest technologies in thermal cracking,hydrocracking,catalytic cracking,and innovative methods like surfactant integration,cavi-tation,microwave,and plasma-assisted upgrading.It also discusses the environmental implications and eco-nomic feasibility of these technologies,emphasizing the necessity for sustainable and cost-effective solutions at petroleum field sites.Furthermore,the report introduces the transformative concept of Bitumen Beyond Com-bustion(BBC),which explores the non-combustion uses of bitumen and its asphaltene fraction in manufacturing high-value carbon-based products.These novel approaches align with global sustainability goals,offering the potential for significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and new routes to diversify the economic ap-plications of bitumen.The review then concludes with an assessment of current challenges and future research directions,advocating for a balanced approach that harmonizes technological innovation,environmental stewardship,and economic viability in the field of bitumen upgrading.展开更多
The Lower Cretaceous Manville Group of Upper Mc Murray Formation is one of the main bitumen reservoirs in Athabasca.In this study,the relationship between reservoirs heterogeneity and bitumen geochemical characteristi...The Lower Cretaceous Manville Group of Upper Mc Murray Formation is one of the main bitumen reservoirs in Athabasca.In this study,the relationship between reservoirs heterogeneity and bitumen geochemical characteristics were analyzed through core and microscopic observation,lab analysis,petrophysics and logging data.Based on the sedimentology framework,the formation environment of high-quality oil sand reservoirs and their significance for development were discussed.The results indicate that four types lithofacies were recognized in the Upper Mc Murray Formation based on their depositional characteristics.Each lithofacies reservoirs has unique physical properties,and is subject to varying degrees of degradation,resulting in diversity of bitumen content and geochemical composition.The tidal bar(TB)or tidal channel(TC)facies reservoir have excellent physical properties,which are evaluated as gas or water intervals due to strong degradation.The reservoir of sand bar(SB)facies was evaluated as oil intervals,due to its poor physical properties and weak degradation.The reservoir of mixed flat(MF)facies is composed of sand intercalated with laminated shale,which is evaluated as poor oil intervals due to its poor connectivity.The shale content in oil sand reservoir is very important for the reservoir physical properties and bitumen degradation degree.In the context of regional biodegradation,oil sand reservoirs with good physical properties will suffer from strong degradation,while oil sand reservoirs with relatively poor physical properties are more conducive to the bitumen preservation.展开更多
Using a Hamburg wheel-track test device, the resistance to rutting of Gussasphalt is tested and compared. Gussasphalt with hard bitumen has good resistance to rutting. The related resistance abilities to cracking at ...Using a Hamburg wheel-track test device, the resistance to rutting of Gussasphalt is tested and compared. Gussasphalt with hard bitumen has good resistance to rutting. The related resistance abilities to cracking at low temperature of Gussasphalt are tested and compared through flexural experiments and the composite structure fatigue test with temperature dropping. Gussasphalt with high performance polymer modified bitumen has a longer fatigue life and a lower breaking temperature; they can be used in the future surfaces for steel bridge decks in Germany.展开更多
On the basis of sorting out current understanding of solid bitumen (SB) in shales and taking organic-rich shales in the first member of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin as an example, the def...On the basis of sorting out current understanding of solid bitumen (SB) in shales and taking organic-rich shales in the first member of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin as an example, the definition, classification, occurrence and evolution path of SB are systemtically studied, and the indicative significance of SB reflectance (Rob) on maturity and its influence on the development of reservoir space are discussed and summarized. The results show that the difference of primary maceral types is primarily responsible for the different evolution paths of SB. Most of the pre-oil bitumen is in-situ SB with only a small amount being of migrated SB, while most of the post-oil bitumen and pyrobitumen are migrated SB. From the immature to early oil maturity stage, bituminite, vitrinite, and inertinite can be distinguished from SB based on their optical characteristics under reflected light, and alginite can be differentiated from SB by their fluorescence characteristics. Under scanning electron microscope, in-situ SB and migrated SB can be effectively identified. Rob increases linearly with increasing vitrinite reflectance (Ro), as a result of a decrease of aliphatic structure and the enhancement of aromatization of SB. Within the oil window three types of secondary pores may develop in SB, including modified mineral pores, devolatilization cracks and bubble holes. At a high maturity stage spongy pores may develop in pyrobitumen. Scanning electron microscopy combined with in-situ SEM-Raman spectroscopy can further reveal the structral information of different types of SB, thus providing crucial data for understanding for understanding OM migration paths, dynamics, and distances at micro-scale.展开更多
In this paper morphology of APP modified bitumen (APP MB) and SBS modified bitumen (SBS MB) was studied by scanning elecron microscopy (SEM) and the morphology property relationship of these two modified bitumen (MB) ...In this paper morphology of APP modified bitumen (APP MB) and SBS modified bitumen (SBS MB) was studied by scanning elecron microscopy (SEM) and the morphology property relationship of these two modified bitumen (MB) was discussed. The results indicate that the APP MB systems is in a homogeneous phase structure and the SBS MB system is in a heterogeneous phase structure. Improvement of bituminous physical properties by APP and SBS is closely related with the microstructure of APP and SBS MB.展开更多
Oil sands contain a so-called organic rich solids component (ORS), i.e., solids whose surfaces are strongly associated with toluene insoluble organic matter (TIOM). Typically, humic material is the major componen...Oil sands contain a so-called organic rich solids component (ORS), i.e., solids whose surfaces are strongly associated with toluene insoluble organic matter (TIOM). Typically, humic material is the major component of TIOM. It provides sites for adsorption and chemical fixation of bitumen. This bound bitumen is “unliberated”, and considerable mechanical or chemical energy may be required to release it. In order to establish a correlation between bitumen recovery and ORS content, a few selected oil sands were processed in a Batch Extraction Unit (BEU). Analysis of the middlings and coarse tailings streams from these tests indicated a relatively constant bitumen to ORS ratio of 2.8±0.7. This value allows the liberated-unliberated bitumen balance (LUBB) to be calculated for any given oil sands. The amounts of bitumen recovered as primary froth during the BEU experiments are close to the estimated liberated bitumen contents in each case tested. This observation indicates that the liberated-unliberated bitumen calculation is an important quantitative parameter for prediction of bitumen recovery under specific recovery conditions. Preliminary results indicate that the ORS content of an oil sands may be estimated from the carbon content of bitumen free oil sands solids.展开更多
Bitumen was modified with desulfurized crumb rubber (DCR) in the present of reac tive additives. The effect of the kinds and content of the reactive additive on prop erties of DCR modified bitumen (DCRMB) was investi...Bitumen was modified with desulfurized crumb rubber (DCR) in the present of reac tive additives. The effect of the kinds and content of the reactive additive on prop erties of DCR modified bitumen (DCRMB) was investigated. The morphology of DCRMB was characterized by SEM and the changes of the chemical structure of DCRMB wit hout and with the addition of the reactive additive were analyzed by FTIR. The e xperimented results show that the softening point,the elasticity recovery and th e storage stability of DCRMB were improved significantly by the addition of the reactive additive. This is because that a network structure of rubber in DCRMB w as formed and the chemical reaction between C=C double bonds in bitumen and DCR has happened after the reactive additive was added into DCRMB.展开更多
Abundant organic inclusions are present in the Qinglong antimony deposit. However, the source rocks of these organic matters have not been reliably identified. Recently, a paleo--oil reservoir was found in the Qinglon...Abundant organic inclusions are present in the Qinglong antimony deposit. However, the source rocks of these organic matters have not been reliably identified. Recently, a paleo--oil reservoir was found in the Qinglong antimony deposit. In view of similar components of gaseous hydrocarbon, we propose that the organic matters observed in inclusions in Qinglong antimony deposit would come from this paleo-oil reservoir. We used the Re-Os dating method to determine the age of the bitumen from this paleo-oil reservoir, and obtained an isochron age of 254.3~2.8 Ma. The age indicates that the oil- generation from source rock occurred in the early Late Permian, earlier than the Sb mineralization age （-148~8.5 Ma） in the Qinglong antimony deposit area. After oil generation from Devonian source rock, first and secondary migration, the crude oil have probably entered into the fractures and pores of volcanic rocks and limestone and formed a paleo-oil reservoir in the western wing of Dachang anticline. As burial process deepened, the crude oil has turned into natural gas, migrates into the core of Dachang anticline and formed a paleo-gas reservoir. The hydrocarbons （including CH4） in the reservoirs can serve as reducing agent to provide the sulfur required for Sb mineralization through thermal chemical reduction of sulfates. Therefore, the formation of oil-gas in the area is a prerequisite for the Sb mineralization in the Qinglong antimony deposit.展开更多
Recently,volcanic gas reservoirs in Yaoyingtai （腰英台） and Daerhan （达尔罕） tectonic belts in Changling （长岭） faulted depression of southeastern Songliao （松辽） basin have been discovered.Based on the compos...Recently,volcanic gas reservoirs in Yaoyingtai （腰英台） and Daerhan （达尔罕） tectonic belts in Changling （长岭） faulted depression of southeastern Songliao （松辽） basin have been discovered.Based on the compositions and isotopic values,the natural gas is characterized by high content of methane,low content of C2＋,and C1/C1-5 beyond 0.95.Also,the natural gas contains nonhydrocarbons including carbon dioxide with the content from 20% to 40% and minor amount of N2.Combined with the isotopic values,the natural gas is generated by humic kerogen and coal-derived type,but in Daerhan,the natural gas is probably mixed by oil type gas.From the measurement of lithology and fluid inclusions in volcanic rocks,the bitumen,liquid hydrocarbon,and gas hydrocarbon inclusions are present.Through the analysis of the single gas inclusion in volcanic reservoir,the content of carbon dioxide is low,so the carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon gas of the reservoirs are not accumulated at the same time.In addition,minor amount of bitumen in the reservoirs is formed by thermal evolution of the crude oils sourced from the Yingcheng （营城） Formation mudstones through the characterizations of the biomarkers.The distribution of homogenization temperatures presents two peaks,one with the liquid hydrocarbon filling stage,and the other with gas filling stage.However,in Daerhan tectonic belt,the second peak is gas and carbon dioxide mixed filling period probably.Combined with the homogenization temperatures of salt water inclusions,the oil and gas filling period is from Qingshankou （青山口） Formation to Nenjiang （嫩江） Formation in the research area.During the charging period,minor amount of inorganic carbon dioxide filled into the trap,but plenty of inorganic carbon dioxide from the end of Sifangtai （四方台） to Eogene periods was related with the structural movement.展开更多
Layered double hydroxides(LDHs) with the physical property of high ultraviolet(UV)reflectance were used to enhance the anti-UV aging performance of bitumen. In view of the poor compatibility of LDHs with bitumen, thre...Layered double hydroxides(LDHs) with the physical property of high ultraviolet(UV)reflectance were used to enhance the anti-UV aging performance of bitumen. In view of the poor compatibility of LDHs with bitumen, three organic anions, namely, sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate(SDBS), sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) and sodium dodecyl sulfonate(SDSO), were used as modifiers to prepare organic LDHs(OCLDHs) through regeneration process, and the crystal structure, chemical composition, morphological feature and UV shielding capability of synthesized OCLDHs were analyzed. Then the OCLDHs were added into bitumen to evaluate the storage stability and anti-UV aging property of OCLDHs/bitumen composites.The results show that the organic anions are inserted into the interlayers of LDHs, the intercalation expands the interlayer distance of LDHs, makes the particle shapes become more irregular and complicated, and enhances the absorption ability within the range from 200 to 300 nm while has little influence on the UV reflection ability.Result of high temperature storage stability indicates the organic modification ameliorates the compatibility of LDHs with bitumen. Compared with LDHs, OCLDHs decrease the deteriorations of bitumen’s properties during UV exposure test, exhibiting better effect in enhancing anti-UV aging performance of bitumen. Furthermore,among the three OCLDHs, LDHs intercalated by SDBS exhibit the most effective improvement due to the best compatibility with bitumen and comparatively good UV shielding effect.展开更多
Natural bitumen is the evolutionary residue of hydrocarbon of sedimentary organic matter. Several kinds of bitumen with different occurrences, including bitumen in source rock, migration bitumen filled in fault, oil-b...Natural bitumen is the evolutionary residue of hydrocarbon of sedimentary organic matter. Several kinds of bitumen with different occurrences, including bitumen in source rock, migration bitumen filled in fault, oil-bed bitumen and paleo-reservoir bitumen, are distributed widely in the Dabashan foreland. These kinds of bitumen represent the process of oil/gas formation, migration and accumulation in the region. Bitumen in source rock fiUed in fractures and stylolite and experienced deformation simultaneously together with source rock themselves. It indicated that oil/gas generation and expelling from source rock occurred under normal buried thermal conditions during prototype basin evolution stages prior to orogeny. Occurrences of bitumen in source rock indicated that paleo- reservoir formation conditions existed in the Dabashan foreland. Migration bitumen being widespread in the fault revealed that the fault was the main channel for oil/gas migration, which occurred synchronously with Jurassic foreland deformation. Oil-bed bitumen was the kind of pyrolysis bitumen that distributed in solution pores of reservoir rock in the Dabashan foreland depression, the northeastern Sichuan Basin. Geochemistry of oil-bed bitumen indicated that natural gas that accumulated in the Dabashan foreland depression formed from liquid hydrocarbon by pyrolysis process. However, paleo-reservior bitumen in the Dabashan forleland was the kind of degradation bitumen that formed from liquid hydrocarbon within the paleo-reservior by oxidation, alteration and other secondary changes due to paleo-reservior damage during tectonics in the Dabashan foreland. In combination with the tectonic evolution of the Dabashan foreland, it is proposed that the oil/gas generated, migrated and accumulated to form the paleo-reservoir during the Triassic Indosinian tectonic movement. Jurassic collision orogeny, the Yanshan tectonic movement, led to intracontinental orogeny of the Dabashan area accompanied by geofluid expelling and paleo-reservoir damage in the Dabashan foreland. The present work proposed that there is liquid hydrocarbon exploration potential in the Dabashan foreland, while there are prospects for the existence of natural gas in the Dabashan foreland depression.展开更多
Narrow fractions of light gas oils obtained from various upgrading processes of Athabasca oilsands bitumen were investigated as diesel and jet fuels. The relationship among the boiling range, cetane number, smoke poin...Narrow fractions of light gas oils obtained from various upgrading processes of Athabasca oilsands bitumen were investigated as diesel and jet fuels. The relationship among the boiling range, cetane number, smoke point, and other properties such as aromatics content, aniline point, and the sulfur and nitrogen content was also studied. The study reveals that when appropriate processes and distillation boiling ranges are selected, oilsands bitumen can produce diesel and jet fuels that meet stringent environmental regulations and future product specifications. New correlations to predict CN and smoke point were developed as a function of density, boiling ranges by simulated distillation, and mono- and total aromatics by supercritical fluid chromatography. The correlations apply to bitumen-derived middle distillates that have a wide range of boiling points.展开更多
Layered double hydroxides （LDHs）/styrene-butadiene-styrene （SBS） eopolymer modified bitumen was prepared by melt blending. The effect of LDHs on the ultraviolet （UV） aging behavior of SBS modified bitumen was in...Layered double hydroxides （LDHs）/styrene-butadiene-styrene （SBS） eopolymer modified bitumen was prepared by melt blending. The effect of LDHs on the ultraviolet （UV） aging behavior of SBS modified bitumen was investigated. The changes of chemical structures of modified bitumen before and after UV aging were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）. The results show that LDHs obviously reduce the variation of softening point and low temperature flexibility of SBS modified bitumen under different UV radiation intensities, which indicates that the UV aging resistance performance of SBS modified bitumen is improved effectively by LDHs. Compared with SBS modified bitumen, the changes of carbonyl, sulfoxide and butadienyl of LDHs/SBS modified bitumen decrease significantly after UV aging according to FTIR analysis, demonstrating that the oxidation and degradation reactions of SBS modified bitumen were restrained effectively by adding LDHs.展开更多
Rejuvenator diffusing into aged bitumen was evaluated by determining penetration and chemical components of aged bitumen with rejuvenator coat before and after diffusing experiment. Effects of temperature, time and vi...Rejuvenator diffusing into aged bitumen was evaluated by determining penetration and chemical components of aged bitumen with rejuvenator coat before and after diffusing experiment. Effects of temperature, time and viscosity of rejuvenator on the diffusing ability of rejuvenator into aged bitumen were investigated. Results indicated that the diffusing ability of rejuvenator into aged bitumen could be enhanced with the increasing of temperature and time, however, the diffusing of rejuvenator into aged bitumen would be restricted due to the volatilization of light component and aging of rejuvenator under high temperature （over 170 ℃）. Rejuvenator with low viscosity diffused into aged bitumen more easily.展开更多
Styrene-butadiene-styrene （SBS） modified bitumen crack filling material with organophilic montmorillonite （OCFM） was prepared by melt blending. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the interlayer spacing of organ...Styrene-butadiene-styrene （SBS） modified bitumen crack filling material with organophilic montmorillonite （OCFM） was prepared by melt blending. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the interlayer spacing of organophilic montmorillonite （OMMT） in OCFM is widened and an exfoliated structure may be formed. Thermal-oxidative aging behavior of OCFM and SBS modified bitumen crack filling material （SCFM） was investigated. The experimental results indicate that the rate of thermal-oxidative aging of OCFM is much slower than that of SCFM, which can be attributed to barrier of exfoliated structure of OCFM to oxygen.展开更多
The microstructures of general crumb rubber(CR), dynamic desulfurized crumb rubber(DDCR) and high speed agitation desulfurized crumb rubber(HSADCR) modified bitumens were investigated by a fluorescence microscope, and...The microstructures of general crumb rubber(CR), dynamic desulfurized crumb rubber(DDCR) and high speed agitation desulfurized crumb rubber(HSADCR) modified bitumens were investigated by a fluorescence microscope, and the physical properties of these three modified bitumens were studied.The results show that the dynamic desulfuration can improve the swelling capacity of crumb rubber in bitumen by destroying the sulfuratized bond of the crumb rubber,but the reunion of rubber particles during dynamic desulfuration also makes the swelling and the DDCR in bitumen difficult, so properties of the DDCR modified bitumen are not superior to the general crumb rubber modified bitumen.However,high speed agitation desulfuration can not only improve the swelling capacity of crumb rubber in bitumen,but also avoid the reunion of rubber particles,so some properties of bitumen can be improved by the modification of HSADCR.展开更多
Bitumen Stabilized Materials (BSMs) are widely recognized as environmentally friendly through significantly reduced energy consumption,reduced emissions and reuse of high percentage of RAP and recycled pavement materi...Bitumen Stabilized Materials (BSMs) are widely recognized as environmentally friendly through significantly reduced energy consumption,reduced emissions and reuse of high percentage of RAP and recycled pavement materials. In order for these materials to be cost effective,their life-cycle performance needs to be proven. Durability of BSMs is a long-term phenomena that requires consideration during mix design. Time is very important variable for performance consideration under field conditions. The factors that influence durability and long-term performance of BSMs include the mineral aggregates,binder and mixture compositions. In this study,the important,but less understood aspects of durability properties of BSMs were investigated. These include wear and tear of mineral aggregates,age-hardening of binder (foamed bitumen and bitumen emulsion) and moisture susceptibility of typical mix composition. The wear and tear was investigated using Durability Mill Index (DMI) test,binder ageing was investigated for short and long-term effect,and moisture susceptibility was investigated by pulsing water pressures using new device i.e. moisture induction simulation test (MIST). The accelerated moisture conditioning simulates field conditions whereafter retained shear properties are evaluated. The results found that durability of mineral aggregates is significantly influences by the type and nature of mineral composition. The ageing of binder occurred in both short and long-term conditions,with short-term effects being dominating the foamed bitumen properties during laboratory production. Moisture susceptibility is significantly influenced by the mix compositions of aggregates blends with and without RAP,with different bitumen binder types (foamed bitumen or bitumen emulsion) and active filler type (cement or lime) and contents. The evaluation and ranking of mixes which are resistant and susceptible to moisture damage was done using retained cohesion (RC) after dry and wet monotonic triaxial testing.展开更多
文摘RDV■(dynamic vasoactive reactor)chemical technology represents a disruptive innovation operating under both surface and downhole conditions,producing irreversible and in situ adaptable effects.It has demonstrated transformative capacity across crude oils of various API gravities,with notable impact on extra-heavy crudes and bitumens,through a mechanism based on targeted proton donation that induces selective protonation of polar structures,generating transient carbocations that catalyze molecular fragmentation.This work presents a comprehensive analysis of the effects of RDV-DMG001■treatment(currently named RDV-01L■)on bitumen samples from the Primrose field,Alberta,Canada,using capillary chromatography,SARA analysis,and rheological evaluation,complemented with comparative data on prior applications of RDV-01L■in extra-heavy crudes from Venezuela(Boscán and El Salto).Results for Primrose bitumen show an 85%reduction in viscosity(from 500,000 to 75,000 cP),an increase in API gravity from 8.5 to 15.0(+76.4%),and molecular redistribution toward medium-chain hydrocarbons(C_(13)-C_(16)),with increases in molar and mass fractions up to 39.1%and 62.3%,respectively.SARA analysis confirmed fragmentation of asphaltenes(2.0%mass reduction)and a 5.8%increase in resins,improving colloidal stability and lowering precipitation risk.These changes align with RDV■’s mechanism of action based on carbocation generation.Notably,in field conditions-which are more dynamic and energetically favorable-RDV■treatment efficacy tends to exceed laboratory results,due to synergy among temperature,pressure,and fluid flow gradients which accelerate and enhance protonation and molecular fragmentation.Validated in contexts of advanced chemical transformation(Venezuela,Canada),the technology enables substantial improvements in fluidity,transport,processing,and recovery,with significant potential for annual cost savings in extraction and processing.This study positions RDV■as a disruptive,irreversible,and in situ adaptable chemical solution superior to conventional technologies such as surfactants,nanocatalysts,or aquathermolysis.RDV■is a quantum-impact chemical technology operating via molecular protonation reactions and controlled carbocation formation.The term“quantum”is used here as a conceptual analogy to describe the magnitude and specificity of the molecular reconfiguration induced by RDV■,without asserting direct experimental evidence of quantum reactivity.
文摘Rubbery waste at the end of the cycle often constitutes a threat for the environment because of their encumbrance and low biodeterioration.The purpose of the research presented is to develop the rubber fine powder as a pavement.It is interested primarily in the behavior of two types of bitumen 40/50 modified by the addition of two varieties of rubber fine powders of different grading,resulting from the crushing of the rubbery products intended for the clothes industry of soles of shoes.The objective of the experimentation is to study the influence of the added polymer on the physical properties of the ordinary road bitumen with the incorporation of the fine powder.The experimental approach is carried out using the two tests of characterization of the bitumen i.e.the softening point test and the penetration test which remain the most used to define and classify the road bitumen.It will be noted however,that the experimental investigation which is based on several tests according to the type and the content of fine powders,leads on a whole of interesting correlations.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42373075).
文摘The Tangjiashan lead-zinc deposit,located on the southwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin,is rich in bitumen,and the lead-zinc ore and bitumen coexist closely,indicating a close genetic relationship between lead-zinc mineralization and hydrocarbon reservoir formation.However,whether bitumen shares the same source as the current gas reservoirs within the basin or other destroyed gas reservoirs along the basin margins remains unknown.Here,we conducted an organic geochemical analysis of bitumen in this deposit and identified the sources of hydrocarbons by comparing biomarker compounds with those of potential source rocks.The authors found that the bitumen in the Tangjiashan lead-zinc deposit has good comparability with the hydrocarbon source rocks of the Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation,suggesting that the primary sources of oil in this ancient hydrocarbon reservoir are muddy source rocks of the Qiongzhusi Formation.This research is important for enhancing the understanding of the genetic connection between lead-zinc mineralization and hydrocarbon formation,providing crucial insights for strategies to explore both metal ores and hydrocarbons and advancing the geological understanding of petroleum systems in the Sichuan Basin.
文摘To satisfy the increasing global energy demand,while searching for new energy sources,it’s important to take a closer look at the resources already at our disposal and optimize their use.This comprehensive review explores the evolving landscape of unconventional oil resources,focusing on the environmental and economic implica-tions of bitumen partial upgrading technologies,particularly within the Canadian context.With over 55%of the world’s oil reserves comprising of unconventional oil,which includes extra-heavy oil and oil sand bitumen,there is a growing trend to shift from traditional oil sources to these abundant yet under-utilized reserves.This review delves into the challenges and advancements in bitumen partial upgrading,highlighting the latest technologies in thermal cracking,hydrocracking,catalytic cracking,and innovative methods like surfactant integration,cavi-tation,microwave,and plasma-assisted upgrading.It also discusses the environmental implications and eco-nomic feasibility of these technologies,emphasizing the necessity for sustainable and cost-effective solutions at petroleum field sites.Furthermore,the report introduces the transformative concept of Bitumen Beyond Com-bustion(BBC),which explores the non-combustion uses of bitumen and its asphaltene fraction in manufacturing high-value carbon-based products.These novel approaches align with global sustainability goals,offering the potential for significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and new routes to diversify the economic ap-plications of bitumen.The review then concludes with an assessment of current challenges and future research directions,advocating for a balanced approach that harmonizes technological innovation,environmental stewardship,and economic viability in the field of bitumen upgrading.
基金sponsored by Major Science and Technology Special Project of CNPC(Grant No.2023ZZ07)。
文摘The Lower Cretaceous Manville Group of Upper Mc Murray Formation is one of the main bitumen reservoirs in Athabasca.In this study,the relationship between reservoirs heterogeneity and bitumen geochemical characteristics were analyzed through core and microscopic observation,lab analysis,petrophysics and logging data.Based on the sedimentology framework,the formation environment of high-quality oil sand reservoirs and their significance for development were discussed.The results indicate that four types lithofacies were recognized in the Upper Mc Murray Formation based on their depositional characteristics.Each lithofacies reservoirs has unique physical properties,and is subject to varying degrees of degradation,resulting in diversity of bitumen content and geochemical composition.The tidal bar(TB)or tidal channel(TC)facies reservoir have excellent physical properties,which are evaluated as gas or water intervals due to strong degradation.The reservoir of sand bar(SB)facies was evaluated as oil intervals,due to its poor physical properties and weak degradation.The reservoir of mixed flat(MF)facies is composed of sand intercalated with laminated shale,which is evaluated as poor oil intervals due to its poor connectivity.The shale content in oil sand reservoir is very important for the reservoir physical properties and bitumen degradation degree.In the context of regional biodegradation,oil sand reservoirs with good physical properties will suffer from strong degradation,while oil sand reservoirs with relatively poor physical properties are more conducive to the bitumen preservation.
文摘Using a Hamburg wheel-track test device, the resistance to rutting of Gussasphalt is tested and compared. Gussasphalt with hard bitumen has good resistance to rutting. The related resistance abilities to cracking at low temperature of Gussasphalt are tested and compared through flexural experiments and the composite structure fatigue test with temperature dropping. Gussasphalt with high performance polymer modified bitumen has a longer fatigue life and a lower breaking temperature; they can be used in the future surfaces for steel bridge decks in Germany.
基金Supported by the the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A201550).
文摘On the basis of sorting out current understanding of solid bitumen (SB) in shales and taking organic-rich shales in the first member of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin as an example, the definition, classification, occurrence and evolution path of SB are systemtically studied, and the indicative significance of SB reflectance (Rob) on maturity and its influence on the development of reservoir space are discussed and summarized. The results show that the difference of primary maceral types is primarily responsible for the different evolution paths of SB. Most of the pre-oil bitumen is in-situ SB with only a small amount being of migrated SB, while most of the post-oil bitumen and pyrobitumen are migrated SB. From the immature to early oil maturity stage, bituminite, vitrinite, and inertinite can be distinguished from SB based on their optical characteristics under reflected light, and alginite can be differentiated from SB by their fluorescence characteristics. Under scanning electron microscope, in-situ SB and migrated SB can be effectively identified. Rob increases linearly with increasing vitrinite reflectance (Ro), as a result of a decrease of aliphatic structure and the enhancement of aromatization of SB. Within the oil window three types of secondary pores may develop in SB, including modified mineral pores, devolatilization cracks and bubble holes. At a high maturity stage spongy pores may develop in pyrobitumen. Scanning electron microscopy combined with in-situ SEM-Raman spectroscopy can further reveal the structral information of different types of SB, thus providing crucial data for understanding for understanding OM migration paths, dynamics, and distances at micro-scale.
文摘In this paper morphology of APP modified bitumen (APP MB) and SBS modified bitumen (SBS MB) was studied by scanning elecron microscopy (SEM) and the morphology property relationship of these two modified bitumen (MB) was discussed. The results indicate that the APP MB systems is in a homogeneous phase structure and the SBS MB system is in a heterogeneous phase structure. Improvement of bituminous physical properties by APP and SBS is closely related with the microstructure of APP and SBS MB.
文摘Oil sands contain a so-called organic rich solids component (ORS), i.e., solids whose surfaces are strongly associated with toluene insoluble organic matter (TIOM). Typically, humic material is the major component of TIOM. It provides sites for adsorption and chemical fixation of bitumen. This bound bitumen is “unliberated”, and considerable mechanical or chemical energy may be required to release it. In order to establish a correlation between bitumen recovery and ORS content, a few selected oil sands were processed in a Batch Extraction Unit (BEU). Analysis of the middlings and coarse tailings streams from these tests indicated a relatively constant bitumen to ORS ratio of 2.8±0.7. This value allows the liberated-unliberated bitumen balance (LUBB) to be calculated for any given oil sands. The amounts of bitumen recovered as primary froth during the BEU experiments are close to the estimated liberated bitumen contents in each case tested. This observation indicates that the liberated-unliberated bitumen calculation is an important quantitative parameter for prediction of bitumen recovery under specific recovery conditions. Preliminary results indicate that the ORS content of an oil sands may be estimated from the carbon content of bitumen free oil sands solids.
基金Funded by the Foundation of State Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing(2002 13)
文摘Bitumen was modified with desulfurized crumb rubber (DCR) in the present of reac tive additives. The effect of the kinds and content of the reactive additive on prop erties of DCR modified bitumen (DCRMB) was investigated. The morphology of DCRMB was characterized by SEM and the changes of the chemical structure of DCRMB wit hout and with the addition of the reactive additive were analyzed by FTIR. The e xperimented results show that the softening point,the elasticity recovery and th e storage stability of DCRMB were improved significantly by the addition of the reactive additive. This is because that a network structure of rubber in DCRMB w as formed and the chemical reaction between C=C double bonds in bitumen and DCR has happened after the reactive additive was added into DCRMB.
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41362007)The Research of Scientific Base of Typical Metal Mineral from the Ministry of Land and Resources (No.20091107)the Research Project on the Metallogenic Regularity of the Typical Strata Controlled Deposits of National Crisis Mines in Southwest China (No.20089943)
文摘Abundant organic inclusions are present in the Qinglong antimony deposit. However, the source rocks of these organic matters have not been reliably identified. Recently, a paleo--oil reservoir was found in the Qinglong antimony deposit. In view of similar components of gaseous hydrocarbon, we propose that the organic matters observed in inclusions in Qinglong antimony deposit would come from this paleo-oil reservoir. We used the Re-Os dating method to determine the age of the bitumen from this paleo-oil reservoir, and obtained an isochron age of 254.3~2.8 Ma. The age indicates that the oil- generation from source rock occurred in the early Late Permian, earlier than the Sb mineralization age （-148~8.5 Ma） in the Qinglong antimony deposit area. After oil generation from Devonian source rock, first and secondary migration, the crude oil have probably entered into the fractures and pores of volcanic rocks and limestone and formed a paleo-oil reservoir in the western wing of Dachang anticline. As burial process deepened, the crude oil has turned into natural gas, migrates into the core of Dachang anticline and formed a paleo-gas reservoir. The hydrocarbons （including CH4） in the reservoirs can serve as reducing agent to provide the sulfur required for Sb mineralization through thermal chemical reduction of sulfates. Therefore, the formation of oil-gas in the area is a prerequisite for the Sb mineralization in the Qinglong antimony deposit.
基金supported by East China Branch of SINOPEC (No. G1414-06-KK-0230)
文摘Recently,volcanic gas reservoirs in Yaoyingtai （腰英台） and Daerhan （达尔罕） tectonic belts in Changling （长岭） faulted depression of southeastern Songliao （松辽） basin have been discovered.Based on the compositions and isotopic values,the natural gas is characterized by high content of methane,low content of C2＋,and C1/C1-5 beyond 0.95.Also,the natural gas contains nonhydrocarbons including carbon dioxide with the content from 20% to 40% and minor amount of N2.Combined with the isotopic values,the natural gas is generated by humic kerogen and coal-derived type,but in Daerhan,the natural gas is probably mixed by oil type gas.From the measurement of lithology and fluid inclusions in volcanic rocks,the bitumen,liquid hydrocarbon,and gas hydrocarbon inclusions are present.Through the analysis of the single gas inclusion in volcanic reservoir,the content of carbon dioxide is low,so the carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon gas of the reservoirs are not accumulated at the same time.In addition,minor amount of bitumen in the reservoirs is formed by thermal evolution of the crude oils sourced from the Yingcheng （营城） Formation mudstones through the characterizations of the biomarkers.The distribution of homogenization temperatures presents two peaks,one with the liquid hydrocarbon filling stage,and the other with gas filling stage.However,in Daerhan tectonic belt,the second peak is gas and carbon dioxide mixed filling period probably.Combined with the homogenization temperatures of salt water inclusions,the oil and gas filling period is from Qingshankou （青山口） Formation to Nenjiang （嫩江） Formation in the research area.During the charging period,minor amount of inorganic carbon dioxide filled into the trap,but plenty of inorganic carbon dioxide from the end of Sifangtai （四方台） to Eogene periods was related with the structural movement.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51708121)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2014CB932104)the Educational Research Projects for Young and Middle-Aged Teachers of Education Department of Fujian Province(No.JAT170067)
文摘Layered double hydroxides(LDHs) with the physical property of high ultraviolet(UV)reflectance were used to enhance the anti-UV aging performance of bitumen. In view of the poor compatibility of LDHs with bitumen, three organic anions, namely, sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate(SDBS), sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) and sodium dodecyl sulfonate(SDSO), were used as modifiers to prepare organic LDHs(OCLDHs) through regeneration process, and the crystal structure, chemical composition, morphological feature and UV shielding capability of synthesized OCLDHs were analyzed. Then the OCLDHs were added into bitumen to evaluate the storage stability and anti-UV aging property of OCLDHs/bitumen composites.The results show that the organic anions are inserted into the interlayers of LDHs, the intercalation expands the interlayer distance of LDHs, makes the particle shapes become more irregular and complicated, and enhances the absorption ability within the range from 200 to 300 nm while has little influence on the UV reflection ability.Result of high temperature storage stability indicates the organic modification ameliorates the compatibility of LDHs with bitumen. Compared with LDHs, OCLDHs decrease the deteriorations of bitumen’s properties during UV exposure test, exhibiting better effect in enhancing anti-UV aging performance of bitumen. Furthermore,among the three OCLDHs, LDHs intercalated by SDBS exhibit the most effective improvement due to the best compatibility with bitumen and comparatively good UV shielding effect.
基金funded by CNSF (No.41173055)and marine department,Sinopec
文摘Natural bitumen is the evolutionary residue of hydrocarbon of sedimentary organic matter. Several kinds of bitumen with different occurrences, including bitumen in source rock, migration bitumen filled in fault, oil-bed bitumen and paleo-reservoir bitumen, are distributed widely in the Dabashan foreland. These kinds of bitumen represent the process of oil/gas formation, migration and accumulation in the region. Bitumen in source rock fiUed in fractures and stylolite and experienced deformation simultaneously together with source rock themselves. It indicated that oil/gas generation and expelling from source rock occurred under normal buried thermal conditions during prototype basin evolution stages prior to orogeny. Occurrences of bitumen in source rock indicated that paleo- reservoir formation conditions existed in the Dabashan foreland. Migration bitumen being widespread in the fault revealed that the fault was the main channel for oil/gas migration, which occurred synchronously with Jurassic foreland deformation. Oil-bed bitumen was the kind of pyrolysis bitumen that distributed in solution pores of reservoir rock in the Dabashan foreland depression, the northeastern Sichuan Basin. Geochemistry of oil-bed bitumen indicated that natural gas that accumulated in the Dabashan foreland depression formed from liquid hydrocarbon by pyrolysis process. However, paleo-reservior bitumen in the Dabashan forleland was the kind of degradation bitumen that formed from liquid hydrocarbon within the paleo-reservior by oxidation, alteration and other secondary changes due to paleo-reservior damage during tectonics in the Dabashan foreland. In combination with the tectonic evolution of the Dabashan foreland, it is proposed that the oil/gas generated, migrated and accumulated to form the paleo-reservoir during the Triassic Indosinian tectonic movement. Jurassic collision orogeny, the Yanshan tectonic movement, led to intracontinental orogeny of the Dabashan area accompanied by geofluid expelling and paleo-reservoir damage in the Dabashan foreland. The present work proposed that there is liquid hydrocarbon exploration potential in the Dabashan foreland, while there are prospects for the existence of natural gas in the Dabashan foreland depression.
文摘Narrow fractions of light gas oils obtained from various upgrading processes of Athabasca oilsands bitumen were investigated as diesel and jet fuels. The relationship among the boiling range, cetane number, smoke point, and other properties such as aromatics content, aniline point, and the sulfur and nitrogen content was also studied. The study reveals that when appropriate processes and distillation boiling ranges are selected, oilsands bitumen can produce diesel and jet fuels that meet stringent environmental regulations and future product specifications. New correlations to predict CN and smoke point were developed as a function of density, boiling ranges by simulated distillation, and mono- and total aromatics by supercritical fluid chromatography. The correlations apply to bitumen-derived middle distillates that have a wide range of boiling points.
基金Funded by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2014CB932104)
文摘Layered double hydroxides （LDHs）/styrene-butadiene-styrene （SBS） eopolymer modified bitumen was prepared by melt blending. The effect of LDHs on the ultraviolet （UV） aging behavior of SBS modified bitumen was investigated. The changes of chemical structures of modified bitumen before and after UV aging were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）. The results show that LDHs obviously reduce the variation of softening point and low temperature flexibility of SBS modified bitumen under different UV radiation intensities, which indicates that the UV aging resistance performance of SBS modified bitumen is improved effectively by LDHs. Compared with SBS modified bitumen, the changes of carbonyl, sulfoxide and butadienyl of LDHs/SBS modified bitumen decrease significantly after UV aging according to FTIR analysis, demonstrating that the oxidation and degradation reactions of SBS modified bitumen were restrained effectively by adding LDHs.
基金Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2010DFA82490)Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Department(No.2009CDA053)Hubei Provincial Highway Administration Bureau
文摘Rejuvenator diffusing into aged bitumen was evaluated by determining penetration and chemical components of aged bitumen with rejuvenator coat before and after diffusing experiment. Effects of temperature, time and viscosity of rejuvenator on the diffusing ability of rejuvenator into aged bitumen were investigated. Results indicated that the diffusing ability of rejuvenator into aged bitumen could be enhanced with the increasing of temperature and time, however, the diffusing of rejuvenator into aged bitumen would be restricted due to the volatilization of light component and aging of rejuvenator under high temperature （over 170 ℃）. Rejuvenator with low viscosity diffused into aged bitumen more easily.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50773061)
文摘Styrene-butadiene-styrene （SBS） modified bitumen crack filling material with organophilic montmorillonite （OCFM） was prepared by melt blending. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the interlayer spacing of organophilic montmorillonite （OMMT） in OCFM is widened and an exfoliated structure may be formed. Thermal-oxidative aging behavior of OCFM and SBS modified bitumen crack filling material （SCFM） was investigated. The experimental results indicate that the rate of thermal-oxidative aging of OCFM is much slower than that of SCFM, which can be attributed to barrier of exfoliated structure of OCFM to oxygen.
文摘The microstructures of general crumb rubber(CR), dynamic desulfurized crumb rubber(DDCR) and high speed agitation desulfurized crumb rubber(HSADCR) modified bitumens were investigated by a fluorescence microscope, and the physical properties of these three modified bitumens were studied.The results show that the dynamic desulfuration can improve the swelling capacity of crumb rubber in bitumen by destroying the sulfuratized bond of the crumb rubber,but the reunion of rubber particles during dynamic desulfuration also makes the swelling and the DDCR in bitumen difficult, so properties of the DDCR modified bitumen are not superior to the general crumb rubber modified bitumen.However,high speed agitation desulfuration can not only improve the swelling capacity of crumb rubber in bitumen,but also avoid the reunion of rubber particles,so some properties of bitumen can be improved by the modification of HSADCR.
基金financial support from SABITA and GAUTRANS in South Africa.
文摘Bitumen Stabilized Materials (BSMs) are widely recognized as environmentally friendly through significantly reduced energy consumption,reduced emissions and reuse of high percentage of RAP and recycled pavement materials. In order for these materials to be cost effective,their life-cycle performance needs to be proven. Durability of BSMs is a long-term phenomena that requires consideration during mix design. Time is very important variable for performance consideration under field conditions. The factors that influence durability and long-term performance of BSMs include the mineral aggregates,binder and mixture compositions. In this study,the important,but less understood aspects of durability properties of BSMs were investigated. These include wear and tear of mineral aggregates,age-hardening of binder (foamed bitumen and bitumen emulsion) and moisture susceptibility of typical mix composition. The wear and tear was investigated using Durability Mill Index (DMI) test,binder ageing was investigated for short and long-term effect,and moisture susceptibility was investigated by pulsing water pressures using new device i.e. moisture induction simulation test (MIST). The accelerated moisture conditioning simulates field conditions whereafter retained shear properties are evaluated. The results found that durability of mineral aggregates is significantly influences by the type and nature of mineral composition. The ageing of binder occurred in both short and long-term conditions,with short-term effects being dominating the foamed bitumen properties during laboratory production. Moisture susceptibility is significantly influenced by the mix compositions of aggregates blends with and without RAP,with different bitumen binder types (foamed bitumen or bitumen emulsion) and active filler type (cement or lime) and contents. The evaluation and ranking of mixes which are resistant and susceptible to moisture damage was done using retained cohesion (RC) after dry and wet monotonic triaxial testing.
