Cancer remains the leading cause of death globally.Early diagnosis and intervention play deterministic roles in improving clinical prognosis.Traditional cancer management heavily depends on central hospital-based imag...Cancer remains the leading cause of death globally.Early diagnosis and intervention play deterministic roles in improving clinical prognosis.Traditional cancer management heavily depends on central hospital-based imaging and invasive diagnostics,which are intermittent and costly.Moreover,these strategies show limitations to patient compliance and real-time diagnosis.The emergence of wearable biomedical devices(WBDs)has offered a compelling alternative,enabling continuous,non-invasive in situ monitoring of bio-signals and real-time tissue imaging in daily settings.In particular,these devices have recently been integrated with therapeutic modules and artificial intelligence(AI)and have been adapted to closed-loop interventions,allowing for precise,on-demand drug delivery and localized therapy.In this review,we provide an overview of AI-integrated WBDs with their applications in cancer screening,diagnosis,and therapy.To solve the remaining issues of inaccurate screening,delayed intervention and severe side effects,the innovation of WBDs mainly includes conformable wearing structures,adhesive materials and integrated sensors/drug delivery modules.The integration of AI into WBDs has demonstrated high performance in improving signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and real-time data processing,which significantly enhance the capabilities in long-term monitoring,and patient-specific bio-signal variations.The last session provides future directions for AI-integrated WBDs,focusing on improving SNR,reducing false positives caused by high sensitivity,and addressing patient data privacy concerns during AI training.展开更多
There is an increased risk of complications and even surgical failures for various types of medical devices due to difficult to control configurations and performances,incomplete deployments,etc.Shape memory polymers(...There is an increased risk of complications and even surgical failures for various types of medical devices due to difficult to control configurations and performances,incomplete deployments,etc.Shape memory polymers(SMPs)-based 4D printing technology offers the opportunity to create dynamic,personalized,and accurately controllable biomedical devices with complex configurations.SMPs,typical representatives of intelligent materials,are capable of programmable deformation in response to stimuli and dynamic remodeling on demand.4D printed SMP medical devices not only enable active control of configuration,performance and functionality,but also open the way for minimally invasive treatments and remote controllable deployment.Here,the shape memory mechanism,actuation methods,and printing strategies of active programmable SMPs are reviewed,and cutting-edge advances of 4D printed SMPs in the fields such as bone scaffolds,tracheal stents,cardiovascular stents,cell morphological regulation,and drug delivery are highlighted.In addition,promising and meaningful future research directions for 4D printed SMP biomedical devices are discussed.The development of 4D printed SMP medical devices is inseparable from the in-depth cooperation between doctors and engineers.The application of 4D printed SMP medical devices will facilitate the rapid realization of‘smart medical care’and accelerate the process of‘intelligentization’of medical devices.展开更多
Biodegradable magnesium(Mg)-based metals can undergo spontaneous corrosion and full degradation in the human body,releasing magnesium ions,hydroxides,and hydrogen.Mg and its alloys have shown preliminary success as an...Biodegradable magnesium(Mg)-based metals can undergo spontaneous corrosion and full degradation in the human body,releasing magnesium ions,hydroxides,and hydrogen.Mg and its alloys have shown preliminary success as an implantable biomaterial.Current research on biodegradable Mg-based metals addresses clinical challenges,including material design and preparation,property enhancement,and exploring relevant biological functions.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biomedical applications of Mg-based implants across eight fields:cardiovascular,orthopedics,stomatology,general surgery,neurosurgery,fat metabolism,and other potential areas,building upon previously published work.The challenges and prospects of biodegradable Mg-based implants in these application fields are discussed.展开更多
Macroencapsulation has been widely used in cell therapy due to its capability to provide immune-privileged sites for implanted allogeneic or xenogeneic cells.Macroencapsulation also serves to provide mechanical and ph...Macroencapsulation has been widely used in cell therapy due to its capability to provide immune-privileged sites for implanted allogeneic or xenogeneic cells.Macroencapsulation also serves to provide mechanical and physiochemical support for maintaining cell expansion and promoting therapeutic func-tions.Macroencapsulation devices such as membrane-controlled release systems,hydrogels,micronee-dle(MN)array patches,and three-dimensional(3D)stents have shown promising in-lab and preclinical results in the maintenance of long-term cell survival and the strengthening of treatment effi-cacy.Recent studies focus on expanding the applications of these devices to new cell-based areas such as chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cell delivery,cardiovascular disease therapy,and the exploration of new materials,construction methods,and working principles to augment treatment efficacy and prolong therapy duration.Here,we survey innovative platforms and approaches,as well as translation outcomes,for advancing the performance and applications of macrodevices for cell-based therapies.A discussion and critique regarding future opportunities and challenges is also provided.展开更多
A polymer blends containing thermoplastic polyurethane（TPU） and poly（lactic acid）（PLA） as a biomedical material were prepared by a process of modifying thermally induced phase separation（MTIPS） and melt blendi...A polymer blends containing thermoplastic polyurethane（TPU） and poly（lactic acid）（PLA） as a biomedical material were prepared by a process of modifying thermally induced phase separation（MTIPS） and melt blending.The influences of composition,shear frequency,and temperature on the rheological behaviors of the blends were investigated by small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology.The results revealed that the addition of TPU into PLA significantly decreased the non-Newtonian index of the blends,and increased the sensitivity of the blends on shear rate,suggesting that optimization of the shear rate and temperature could improve the flowability of the blend melts in the extrusion process.In addition,the results of SEM images revealed that TPU distributed well into PLA matrix and showed good compatibility between the TPU and PLA,which made the blends with good toughness.The primary cytocompatibility of the blends was evaluated using C2C12 cells.The results suggested that the TPU/PLA blends did not affect cell growth,showing no cytotoxicity.In short,the TPU/PLA blends with excellent toughness had potential application as biomedical devices.展开更多
Shape memory alloys(SMAs)are unique materials that exhibit the ability to recover their original shape upon heating after being deformed at low temperatures.Due to their remarkable properties,such as high strength,exc...Shape memory alloys(SMAs)are unique materials that exhibit the ability to recover their original shape upon heating after being deformed at low temperatures.Due to their remarkable properties,such as high strength,excellent fatigue resistance,and the ability to undergo significant recoverable deformation,SMAs have found extensive applications in various fields,including biomedical devices,robotics,aerospace,automotive industries,and smart textiles.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the phase transformation behavior and smart applications of SMAs,focusing on the underlying mechanisms,characteristics,and technological advancements in SMA-based devices.It explores the various phases involved in SMA behavior,including the martensitic and austenitic phases,thermoelastic transformations,and stress-induced phase transformations.Furthermore,this paper discusses the applications of SMAs in smart technologies,including their use in medical devices,actuators,sensors,and energy harvesting systems.By exploring the key factors influencing phase transformations,this study highlights the potential of SMAs in designing next-generation smart materials and systems.展开更多
Peripheral nerve injury impairs motor, sensory, and autonomic function, incurring substantial financial costs and diminished quality of life. For large nerve gaps, proximal lesions, or chronic nerve injury, the progno...Peripheral nerve injury impairs motor, sensory, and autonomic function, incurring substantial financial costs and diminished quality of life. For large nerve gaps, proximal lesions, or chronic nerve injury, the prognosis for recovery is particularly poor, even with autografts, the current gold standard for treating small to moderate nerve gaps. In vivo elongation of intact proximal stumps towards the injured distal stumps of severed peripheral nerves may offer a promising new strategy to treat nerve injury. This review describes several nerve lengthening strategies, including a novel internal fixator device that enables rapid and distal reconnection of proximal and distal nerve stumps.展开更多
Organic polymer coatings have been commonly used in biomedical field,which play an important role in achieving biological antifouling,drug delivery,and bacteriostasis.With the continuous development of polymer science...Organic polymer coatings have been commonly used in biomedical field,which play an important role in achieving biological antifouling,drug delivery,and bacteriostasis.With the continuous development of polymer science,organic polymer coatings can be designed with complex and advanced functions,which is conducive to the construction of biomedical materials with different performances.According to different physical and chemical properties of materials,biomedical organic polymer coating materials are classified into zwitterionic polymers,non-ionic polymers,and biomacromolecules.The strategies of combining coatings with substrates include physical adsorption,chemical grafting,and self-adhesion.Though the coating materials and construction methods are different,many biomedical polymer coatings have been developed to achieve excellent performances,i.e.,enhanced lubrication,anti-inflammation,antifouling,antibacterial,drug release,anti-encrustation,anti-thrombosis,etc.Consequently,a large number of biomedical polymer coatings have been used in artificial lungs,ureteral stent,vascular flow diverter,and artificial joints.In this review,we summarize different types,properties,construction methods,biological functions,and clinical applications of biomedical organic polymer coatings,and prospect future direction for development of organic polymer coatings in biomedical field.It is anticipated that this review can be useful for the design and synthesis of functional organic polymer coatings with various biomedical purposes.展开更多
Substrates or encapsulants in soft and stretchable formats are key components for transient,bioresorbable electronic systems;however,elastomeric polymers with desired mechanical and biochemical properties are very lim...Substrates or encapsulants in soft and stretchable formats are key components for transient,bioresorbable electronic systems;however,elastomeric polymers with desired mechanical and biochemical properties are very limited compared to nontransient counterparts.Here,we introduce a bioresorbable elastomer,poly(glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone)(PGCL),that contains excellent material properties including high elongation-at-break(<1300%),resilience and toughness,and tunable dissolution behaviors.Exploitation of PGCLs as polymer matrices,in combination with conducing polymers,yields stretchable,conductive composites for degradable interconnects,sensors,and actuators,which can reliably function under external strains.Integration of device components with wireless modules demonstrates elastic,transient electronic suture system with on-demand drug delivery for rapid recovery of postsurgical wounds in soft,time-dynamic tissues.展开更多
Recently,the inductive coupling link is the most robust method for powering implanted biomedical devices,such as micro-system stimulators,cochlear implants,and retinal implants.This research provides a novel theoretic...Recently,the inductive coupling link is the most robust method for powering implanted biomedical devices,such as micro-system stimulators,cochlear implants,and retinal implants.This research provides a novel theoretical and mathematical analysis to optimize the inductive coupling link efficiency driven by efficient proposed class-E power amplifiers using high and optimum input impedance.The design of the coupling link is based on two pairs of aligned,single-layer,planar spiral circular coils with a proposed geometric dimension,operating at a resonant frequency of 13.56 MHz.Both transmitter and receiver coils are small in size.Implanted device resistance varies from 200Ωto 500Ωwith 50Ωof stepes.When the conventional load resistance of power amplifiers is 50Ω,the efficiency is 45%;when the optimum resonant load is 41.89Ωwith a coupling coefficient of 0.087,the efficiency increases to 49%.The efficiency optimization is reached by calculating the matching network for the external LC tank of the transmitter coil.The proposed design may be suitable for active implantable devices.展开更多
Infections at the placement site of biomaterial-based devices and subsequent scar formation results in morbidity,which may require revision surgery.Biomaterials intended for permanent implantation in the body need to ...Infections at the placement site of biomaterial-based devices and subsequent scar formation results in morbidity,which may require revision surgery.Biomaterials intended for permanent implantation in the body need to be biologically inert to avoid excessive foreign body response and to reduce bacterial attachment.In this study,we show that polymeric materials commonly used in medical devices,including polyetheretherketone(PEEK)and polypropylene,treated by gas cluster ion beam(GCIB)or by accelerated neutral atom beam(ANAB)result in a nanoscale-modified surface topography that changes the ability of extracellular proteins to bind.This leads to decreased bacterial attachment and an attenuated inflammatory response using both in vitro and in vivo assays.Differential adsorption of extracellular proteins to the polymeric surface improved the competitive attachment of osteoblasts over bacteria,without resorting to growth factor of antibiotic use.展开更多
Integrating artificial intelligence(AI)into biomedical signal analysis represents a significant breakthrough in enhanced precision and efficiency of disease diagnostics and therapeutics.From traditional computational ...Integrating artificial intelligence(AI)into biomedical signal analysis represents a significant breakthrough in enhanced precision and efficiency of disease diagnostics and therapeutics.From traditional computational models to advanced machine learning algorithms,AI technologies have improved signal processing by efficiently handling complexity and interpreting intricate datasets.Understanding physiological data,which requires highly trained professionals,is now more accessible;in regions with limited access,AI tools expand healthcare accessibility by providing high-level diagnostic insights,ultimately improving health outcomes.This review explores various AI methodologies,including supervised,unsupervised,and reinforcement learning,and examines their synergy for biomedical signal analysis and future directions in medical science.By capturing a comprehensive overview of the current state and prospects of AI-driven healthcare,this paper highlights the transformative potential of AI in analyzing biomedical signals.展开更多
Guidewire interventional radiotherapy is an important means for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease,and the risk of intraoperative guidewire puncture jeopardises the life and health of patients.A bio...Guidewire interventional radiotherapy is an important means for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease,and the risk of intraoperative guidewire puncture jeopardises the life and health of patients.A bionic multilayer vascular model that conforms to the real vascular morphology and mechanical properties of arterial vessels can help surgeons familiarise themselves with the mechanical properties of blood vessels in preoperative simulations and thus avoid the risk of intraoperative vascular puncture.In this paper,porcine abdominal aortic vessels were used as a biological model to evaluate its mechanical properties by T-peel test,uniaxial tensile test and puncture force test.The results showed that the average delamination force between the intima and media of the vessels was 1.11 N.The radial tensile strength of the vessels was greater than the axial tensile strength and the elongation at the break of the media increased after peeling the intima.A multilayer vascular model manufacturing method was developed,and the structural integrity was improved using an intima-media nesting method.This research provides guidance for material selection and preparation processes for 3D printed bionic multilayer lower limb vascular models and contributes to the development of more accurate and functional 3D printed vascular models for biomedical applications.展开更多
Hydroxyapatite(HA)is an attractive bioceramic for hard tissue repair and regeneration due to its physicochemical similarities to natural apatite.However,its low fracture toughness,poor tensile strength and weak wear r...Hydroxyapatite(HA)is an attractive bioceramic for hard tissue repair and regeneration due to its physicochemical similarities to natural apatite.However,its low fracture toughness,poor tensile strength and weak wear resistance become major obstacles for potential clinical applications.One promising method to tackle with these problems is exploiting graphene and its derivatives(graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide)as nanoscale reinforcement fillers to fabricate graphene-based hydroxyapatite composites in the form of powders,coatings and scaffolds.The last few years witnessed increasing numbers of studies on the preparation,mechanical and biological evaluations of these novel materials.Herein,various preparation techniques,mechanical behaviors and toughen mechanism,the in vitro/in vivo biocompatible analysis,antibacterial properties of the graphene-based HA composites are presented in this review.展开更多
This paper present a highly-integrated neurostimulator with an on-chip inductive power-recovery fron- tend and high-voltage stimulus generator. In particular, the power-recovery frontend includes a high-voltage full- ...This paper present a highly-integrated neurostimulator with an on-chip inductive power-recovery fron- tend and high-voltage stimulus generator. In particular, the power-recovery frontend includes a high-voltage full- wave rectifier （up to 100 V AC input）, high-voltage series regulators （24/5 V outputs） and a linear regulator （1.8/ 3.3 V output） with bandgap voltage reference. With the high voltage output of the series regulator, the proposed neurostimulator could deliver a considerably large current in high electrode-tissue contact impedance. This neu- rostimulator has been fabricated in a CSMC 1 μm 5/40/700 V BCD＇process and the total silicon area including pads is 5.8 mm2. Preliminary tests are successful as the neurostimulator shows good stability under a 13.56 MHz AC supply. Compared to previously reported works, our design has advantages of a wide induced voltage range （26-100 V）, high output voltage （up to 24 V） and high-level integration, which are suitable for implantable neu- rostimulators.展开更多
The purpose of this research is to develop data-driven machine learning(ML)models capable of estimating the specific wear rate of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)used in hip replacement implants.The re...The purpose of this research is to develop data-driven machine learning(ML)models capable of estimating the specific wear rate of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)used in hip replacement implants.The results of the data-driven models are demonstrating a high level of consistency with the experimental findings acquired from the pin-on-disk(POD)trials.With a performance evaluation of 0.06 mean absolute error(MAE),0.17 Root Mean Square Error(RMSE),and 0.96 R^(2),the Random Forest Regression is found to be the best model.Another machine learning model,called Gradient Boosting Regression,is also found to possess satisfactory predictive perfor-mance by having an MAE of 0.09,RMSE of 0.24,and R^(2)of 0.96.According to the findings of a parametric analysis that made use of an ML model,the surface texture geometry has a substantial dependence on the wear behaviour of UHMWPE bearings that are used in hip replacement implants.This strategy has the potential to enhance experiment design and lessen the necessity for time-consuming POD trials for the purpose of assessing the wear of hip replacement implants.展开更多
A new BPSK demodulator was presented.By using a clock multiplier with very simple circuit structure to replace the analog multiplier in the traditional BPSK demodulator,the circuit structure of the demodulator became ...A new BPSK demodulator was presented.By using a clock multiplier with very simple circuit structure to replace the analog multiplier in the traditional BPSK demodulator,the circuit structure of the demodulator became simpler and hence its power consumption became lower.Simpler structure and lower power will make the designed demodulator more suitable for use in an internal single chip design for a wireless implantable neural recording system.The proposed BPSK demodulator was implemented by Global Foundries 0.35μm CMOS technology with a 3.3 V power supply.The designed chip area is only 0.07 mm;and the power consumption is 0.5 mW.The test results show that it can work correctly.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:62176013,62571019,92259205)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(grant number:L222021)+3 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number:2022YFC2505105)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(grant number:ZR2024QF010)Science,Technology&Innovation Project of Xiongan New Area(grant number:2023XAGG0071)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant number:JKF-2025071003351).
文摘Cancer remains the leading cause of death globally.Early diagnosis and intervention play deterministic roles in improving clinical prognosis.Traditional cancer management heavily depends on central hospital-based imaging and invasive diagnostics,which are intermittent and costly.Moreover,these strategies show limitations to patient compliance and real-time diagnosis.The emergence of wearable biomedical devices(WBDs)has offered a compelling alternative,enabling continuous,non-invasive in situ monitoring of bio-signals and real-time tissue imaging in daily settings.In particular,these devices have recently been integrated with therapeutic modules and artificial intelligence(AI)and have been adapted to closed-loop interventions,allowing for precise,on-demand drug delivery and localized therapy.In this review,we provide an overview of AI-integrated WBDs with their applications in cancer screening,diagnosis,and therapy.To solve the remaining issues of inaccurate screening,delayed intervention and severe side effects,the innovation of WBDs mainly includes conformable wearing structures,adhesive materials and integrated sensors/drug delivery modules.The integration of AI into WBDs has demonstrated high performance in improving signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and real-time data processing,which significantly enhance the capabilities in long-term monitoring,and patient-specific bio-signal variations.The last session provides future directions for AI-integrated WBDs,focusing on improving SNR,reducing false positives caused by high sensitivity,and addressing patient data privacy concerns during AI training.
基金funded by the the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3805700)Key R&D Program of Ningbo City(2023Z191)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12302198)Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LH2022A013)The project was also supported by the Interdisciplinary Research Foundation of HIT,and Key Project of Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Science,Technology(2022ZX02C25).
文摘There is an increased risk of complications and even surgical failures for various types of medical devices due to difficult to control configurations and performances,incomplete deployments,etc.Shape memory polymers(SMPs)-based 4D printing technology offers the opportunity to create dynamic,personalized,and accurately controllable biomedical devices with complex configurations.SMPs,typical representatives of intelligent materials,are capable of programmable deformation in response to stimuli and dynamic remodeling on demand.4D printed SMP medical devices not only enable active control of configuration,performance and functionality,but also open the way for minimally invasive treatments and remote controllable deployment.Here,the shape memory mechanism,actuation methods,and printing strategies of active programmable SMPs are reviewed,and cutting-edge advances of 4D printed SMPs in the fields such as bone scaffolds,tracheal stents,cardiovascular stents,cell morphological regulation,and drug delivery are highlighted.In addition,promising and meaningful future research directions for 4D printed SMP biomedical devices are discussed.The development of 4D printed SMP medical devices is inseparable from the in-depth cooperation between doctors and engineers.The application of 4D printed SMP medical devices will facilitate the rapid realization of‘smart medical care’and accelerate the process of‘intelligentization’of medical devices.
基金supported by grants from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2232024D-34 and No 2232023A-10)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52201300)+4 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC2416800)the Shanghai Pujiang Program(No.23PJ1400500 and No 23PJ1400600)the State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,Major/key program(No.23M1060280)the Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2022758)the Medicine-Engineering Interdisciplinary Project of Shanghai Xuhui District Dental Center(No.SHXYFYG202305).
文摘Biodegradable magnesium(Mg)-based metals can undergo spontaneous corrosion and full degradation in the human body,releasing magnesium ions,hydroxides,and hydrogen.Mg and its alloys have shown preliminary success as an implantable biomaterial.Current research on biodegradable Mg-based metals addresses clinical challenges,including material design and preparation,property enhancement,and exploring relevant biological functions.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biomedical applications of Mg-based implants across eight fields:cardiovascular,orthopedics,stomatology,general surgery,neurosurgery,fat metabolism,and other potential areas,building upon previously published work.The challenges and prospects of biodegradable Mg-based implants in these application fields are discussed.
基金supported by the grants from JDRF (2-SRA-2021-1064-M-B)Zhejiang University’s start-up packages+4 种基金the Kunpeng Program grantFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2021FZZX001-46)supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (EB022025 and GM043337)the n Cockrell Family Regents Chair in Engineering(UT Austin) for the Institute for Biomaterials,Drug Delivery,and Regenerative Medicinethe UT-Portugal Collaborative Research Program
文摘Macroencapsulation has been widely used in cell therapy due to its capability to provide immune-privileged sites for implanted allogeneic or xenogeneic cells.Macroencapsulation also serves to provide mechanical and physiochemical support for maintaining cell expansion and promoting therapeutic func-tions.Macroencapsulation devices such as membrane-controlled release systems,hydrogels,micronee-dle(MN)array patches,and three-dimensional(3D)stents have shown promising in-lab and preclinical results in the maintenance of long-term cell survival and the strengthening of treatment effi-cacy.Recent studies focus on expanding the applications of these devices to new cell-based areas such as chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cell delivery,cardiovascular disease therapy,and the exploration of new materials,construction methods,and working principles to augment treatment efficacy and prolong therapy duration.Here,we survey innovative platforms and approaches,as well as translation outcomes,for advancing the performance and applications of macrodevices for cell-based therapies.A discussion and critique regarding future opportunities and challenges is also provided.
基金Funded by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(973 Program)(No.2012CB933600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81271705 and 83171383)the Major Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China(No.12JC1416302)
文摘A polymer blends containing thermoplastic polyurethane（TPU） and poly（lactic acid）（PLA） as a biomedical material were prepared by a process of modifying thermally induced phase separation（MTIPS） and melt blending.The influences of composition,shear frequency,and temperature on the rheological behaviors of the blends were investigated by small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology.The results revealed that the addition of TPU into PLA significantly decreased the non-Newtonian index of the blends,and increased the sensitivity of the blends on shear rate,suggesting that optimization of the shear rate and temperature could improve the flowability of the blend melts in the extrusion process.In addition,the results of SEM images revealed that TPU distributed well into PLA matrix and showed good compatibility between the TPU and PLA,which made the blends with good toughness.The primary cytocompatibility of the blends was evaluated using C2C12 cells.The results suggested that the TPU/PLA blends did not affect cell growth,showing no cytotoxicity.In short,the TPU/PLA blends with excellent toughness had potential application as biomedical devices.
文摘Shape memory alloys(SMAs)are unique materials that exhibit the ability to recover their original shape upon heating after being deformed at low temperatures.Due to their remarkable properties,such as high strength,excellent fatigue resistance,and the ability to undergo significant recoverable deformation,SMAs have found extensive applications in various fields,including biomedical devices,robotics,aerospace,automotive industries,and smart textiles.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the phase transformation behavior and smart applications of SMAs,focusing on the underlying mechanisms,characteristics,and technological advancements in SMA-based devices.It explores the various phases involved in SMA behavior,including the martensitic and austenitic phases,thermoelastic transformations,and stress-induced phase transformations.Furthermore,this paper discusses the applications of SMAs in smart technologies,including their use in medical devices,actuators,sensors,and energy harvesting systems.By exploring the key factors influencing phase transformations,this study highlights the potential of SMAs in designing next-generation smart materials and systems.
基金supported by a grant from Department of Defense(W81XWH-10-1-0773)National Science Foundation(CBET1042522)a grant from the National Skeletal Muscle Research Center at UCSD
文摘Peripheral nerve injury impairs motor, sensory, and autonomic function, incurring substantial financial costs and diminished quality of life. For large nerve gaps, proximal lesions, or chronic nerve injury, the prognosis for recovery is particularly poor, even with autografts, the current gold standard for treating small to moderate nerve gaps. In vivo elongation of intact proximal stumps towards the injured distal stumps of severed peripheral nerves may offer a promising new strategy to treat nerve injury. This review describes several nerve lengthening strategies, including a novel internal fixator device that enables rapid and distal reconnection of proximal and distal nerve stumps.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52275199 and 52335004)Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Fundamental Research Cooperation Project(No.J230001).
文摘Organic polymer coatings have been commonly used in biomedical field,which play an important role in achieving biological antifouling,drug delivery,and bacteriostasis.With the continuous development of polymer science,organic polymer coatings can be designed with complex and advanced functions,which is conducive to the construction of biomedical materials with different performances.According to different physical and chemical properties of materials,biomedical organic polymer coating materials are classified into zwitterionic polymers,non-ionic polymers,and biomacromolecules.The strategies of combining coatings with substrates include physical adsorption,chemical grafting,and self-adhesion.Though the coating materials and construction methods are different,many biomedical polymer coatings have been developed to achieve excellent performances,i.e.,enhanced lubrication,anti-inflammation,antifouling,antibacterial,drug release,anti-encrustation,anti-thrombosis,etc.Consequently,a large number of biomedical polymer coatings have been used in artificial lungs,ureteral stent,vascular flow diverter,and artificial joints.In this review,we summarize different types,properties,construction methods,biological functions,and clinical applications of biomedical organic polymer coatings,and prospect future direction for development of organic polymer coatings in biomedical field.It is anticipated that this review can be useful for the design and synthesis of functional organic polymer coatings with various biomedical purposes.
基金supported by the KIST Institutional Program (Project No.2E32501-23-106)the KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Program+3 种基金the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (the Ministry of Science, ICT, MSIT) (RS-2022-00165524)the development of technologies for electroceuticals of the National Research Foundataion (NRF) funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (RS-2023-00220534)the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT), Korea, under the ICT Creative Consilience program (IITP-2023-2020-0-01819) supervised by the IITP (Institute for Information and Communications Technology Planning and Evaluation)Start up Pioneering in Research and Innovation(SPRINT) through the Commercialization Promotion Agency for R&D Outcomes(COMPA) grant funded by the Korea government(Ministry of Science and ICT) (1711198921)
文摘Substrates or encapsulants in soft and stretchable formats are key components for transient,bioresorbable electronic systems;however,elastomeric polymers with desired mechanical and biochemical properties are very limited compared to nontransient counterparts.Here,we introduce a bioresorbable elastomer,poly(glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone)(PGCL),that contains excellent material properties including high elongation-at-break(<1300%),resilience and toughness,and tunable dissolution behaviors.Exploitation of PGCLs as polymer matrices,in combination with conducing polymers,yields stretchable,conductive composites for degradable interconnects,sensors,and actuators,which can reliably function under external strains.Integration of device components with wireless modules demonstrates elastic,transient electronic suture system with on-demand drug delivery for rapid recovery of postsurgical wounds in soft,time-dynamic tissues.
文摘Recently,the inductive coupling link is the most robust method for powering implanted biomedical devices,such as micro-system stimulators,cochlear implants,and retinal implants.This research provides a novel theoretical and mathematical analysis to optimize the inductive coupling link efficiency driven by efficient proposed class-E power amplifiers using high and optimum input impedance.The design of the coupling link is based on two pairs of aligned,single-layer,planar spiral circular coils with a proposed geometric dimension,operating at a resonant frequency of 13.56 MHz.Both transmitter and receiver coils are small in size.Implanted device resistance varies from 200Ωto 500Ωwith 50Ωof stepes.When the conventional load resistance of power amplifiers is 50Ω,the efficiency is 45%;when the optimum resonant load is 41.89Ωwith a coupling coefficient of 0.087,the efficiency increases to 49%.The efficiency optimization is reached by calculating the matching network for the external LC tank of the transmitter coil.The proposed design may be suitable for active implantable devices.
文摘Infections at the placement site of biomaterial-based devices and subsequent scar formation results in morbidity,which may require revision surgery.Biomaterials intended for permanent implantation in the body need to be biologically inert to avoid excessive foreign body response and to reduce bacterial attachment.In this study,we show that polymeric materials commonly used in medical devices,including polyetheretherketone(PEEK)and polypropylene,treated by gas cluster ion beam(GCIB)or by accelerated neutral atom beam(ANAB)result in a nanoscale-modified surface topography that changes the ability of extracellular proteins to bind.This leads to decreased bacterial attachment and an attenuated inflammatory response using both in vitro and in vivo assays.Differential adsorption of extracellular proteins to the polymeric surface improved the competitive attachment of osteoblasts over bacteria,without resorting to growth factor of antibiotic use.
基金supported by the Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP)grant(RS-2024-00422098 and RS-2024-00443780)the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)grant funded by the Korean government(Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy)(No.2024-00435815)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant(No.2021R1I1A3055744)and Chungnam National University.
文摘Integrating artificial intelligence(AI)into biomedical signal analysis represents a significant breakthrough in enhanced precision and efficiency of disease diagnostics and therapeutics.From traditional computational models to advanced machine learning algorithms,AI technologies have improved signal processing by efficiently handling complexity and interpreting intricate datasets.Understanding physiological data,which requires highly trained professionals,is now more accessible;in regions with limited access,AI tools expand healthcare accessibility by providing high-level diagnostic insights,ultimately improving health outcomes.This review explores various AI methodologies,including supervised,unsupervised,and reinforcement learning,and examines their synergy for biomedical signal analysis and future directions in medical science.By capturing a comprehensive overview of the current state and prospects of AI-driven healthcare,this paper highlights the transformative potential of AI in analyzing biomedical signals.
基金Jilin Provincial Health Research Talent Special Project,Grant/Award Number:2023SCZ39.
文摘Guidewire interventional radiotherapy is an important means for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease,and the risk of intraoperative guidewire puncture jeopardises the life and health of patients.A bionic multilayer vascular model that conforms to the real vascular morphology and mechanical properties of arterial vessels can help surgeons familiarise themselves with the mechanical properties of blood vessels in preoperative simulations and thus avoid the risk of intraoperative vascular puncture.In this paper,porcine abdominal aortic vessels were used as a biological model to evaluate its mechanical properties by T-peel test,uniaxial tensile test and puncture force test.The results showed that the average delamination force between the intima and media of the vessels was 1.11 N.The radial tensile strength of the vessels was greater than the axial tensile strength and the elongation at the break of the media increased after peeling the intima.A multilayer vascular model manufacturing method was developed,and the structural integrity was improved using an intima-media nesting method.This research provides guidance for material selection and preparation processes for 3D printed bionic multilayer lower limb vascular models and contributes to the development of more accurate and functional 3D printed vascular models for biomedical applications.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31370954,31670974)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2164073).
文摘Hydroxyapatite(HA)is an attractive bioceramic for hard tissue repair and regeneration due to its physicochemical similarities to natural apatite.However,its low fracture toughness,poor tensile strength and weak wear resistance become major obstacles for potential clinical applications.One promising method to tackle with these problems is exploiting graphene and its derivatives(graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide)as nanoscale reinforcement fillers to fabricate graphene-based hydroxyapatite composites in the form of powders,coatings and scaffolds.The last few years witnessed increasing numbers of studies on the preparation,mechanical and biological evaluations of these novel materials.Herein,various preparation techniques,mechanical behaviors and toughen mechanism,the in vitro/in vivo biocompatible analysis,antibacterial properties of the graphene-based HA composites are presented in this review.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61076023,61178051)the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2011CB933203)the High-Tech-Program of China(No.2012AA030308)
文摘This paper present a highly-integrated neurostimulator with an on-chip inductive power-recovery fron- tend and high-voltage stimulus generator. In particular, the power-recovery frontend includes a high-voltage full- wave rectifier （up to 100 V AC input）, high-voltage series regulators （24/5 V outputs） and a linear regulator （1.8/ 3.3 V output） with bandgap voltage reference. With the high voltage output of the series regulator, the proposed neurostimulator could deliver a considerably large current in high electrode-tissue contact impedance. This neu- rostimulator has been fabricated in a CSMC 1 μm 5/40/700 V BCD＇process and the total silicon area including pads is 5.8 mm2. Preliminary tests are successful as the neurostimulator shows good stability under a 13.56 MHz AC supply. Compared to previously reported works, our design has advantages of a wide induced voltage range （26-100 V）, high output voltage （up to 24 V） and high-level integration, which are suitable for implantable neu- rostimulators.
文摘The purpose of this research is to develop data-driven machine learning(ML)models capable of estimating the specific wear rate of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)used in hip replacement implants.The results of the data-driven models are demonstrating a high level of consistency with the experimental findings acquired from the pin-on-disk(POD)trials.With a performance evaluation of 0.06 mean absolute error(MAE),0.17 Root Mean Square Error(RMSE),and 0.96 R^(2),the Random Forest Regression is found to be the best model.Another machine learning model,called Gradient Boosting Regression,is also found to possess satisfactory predictive perfor-mance by having an MAE of 0.09,RMSE of 0.24,and R^(2)of 0.96.According to the findings of a parametric analysis that made use of an ML model,the surface texture geometry has a substantial dependence on the wear behaviour of UHMWPE bearings that are used in hip replacement implants.This strategy has the potential to enhance experiment design and lessen the necessity for time-consuming POD trials for the purpose of assessing the wear of hip replacement implants.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.60976026,61076023)the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2011CB933203)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,SCUT(No.2009ZM0196)
文摘A new BPSK demodulator was presented.By using a clock multiplier with very simple circuit structure to replace the analog multiplier in the traditional BPSK demodulator,the circuit structure of the demodulator became simpler and hence its power consumption became lower.Simpler structure and lower power will make the designed demodulator more suitable for use in an internal single chip design for a wireless implantable neural recording system.The proposed BPSK demodulator was implemented by Global Foundries 0.35μm CMOS technology with a 3.3 V power supply.The designed chip area is only 0.07 mm;and the power consumption is 0.5 mW.The test results show that it can work correctly.
