This paper describes an efficient and appropriate use of biomass in Latvian conditions as well as analyzing the current situation, leading to recommendations for rational use of biomass and the full implementation of ...This paper describes an efficient and appropriate use of biomass in Latvian conditions as well as analyzing the current situation, leading to recommendations for rational use of biomass and the full implementation of the Latvian energy sector. In recent year＇s, Latvian energy sector development analysis shows, that there is a positive tendency--an increase of local and renewable energy share of energy balance. The paper will be identified for future development opporttmities, and will undertake an analysis of renewable energy consumption forecasting in accordance with the renewable energy potential assessment, taking into account the effective use of innovative technologies and ecological aspects of the energy sector. Increasing use of biomass for district heating （and cogeneration）, also increase the efficient use ofbiomass in cost efficiency and reducing of GHG emissions. Efficient use of biomass analyzed in the paper, taking into account technical, legislative, institutional/organizational, economic, information and financial aspects. Promoting of the efficient use of biomass will increase national energy independence.展开更多
I. Preface
Biomass includes the residues of agriculture, forest and stock breeding, as well as straw, algae and energy crops. In its broad meaning, biomass is a kind of organic matter produced by the photosynthesis of...I. Preface
Biomass includes the residues of agriculture, forest and stock breeding, as well as straw, algae and energy crops. In its broad meaning, biomass is a kind of organic matter produced by the photosynthesis of plants, which is not only renewable, but also contains plentiful energy.展开更多
Bangladesh’s thriving okra cultivation sector annually yields substantial harvests, yet a significant portion of the plant remains underutilized after harvesting, posing as agricultural waste. This oversight neglects...Bangladesh’s thriving okra cultivation sector annually yields substantial harvests, yet a significant portion of the plant remains underutilized after harvesting, posing as agricultural waste. This oversight neglects the economic potential of okra fiber, which is versatile and valuable across various industries. This paper explores this untapped potential by investigating the physico-mechanical properties, chemical treatments, and fabrication techniques of okra fiber, drawing from a wealth of research. Comparative analyses with established natural fibers like jute and sisal shed light on okra fiber’s transformative role in Bangladesh’s economic landscape. Along with the applications in the fashion world, meticulous investigation into its mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics uncovers inherent strengths and integration pathways into industrial applications. Strategies for optimizing yield and quality, including novel approaches like photo-grafting and protein extraction, are explored. Considerations for cytotoxicity and environmental sustainability ensure its viability as a green resource. This research aims to unlock okra fiber’s full potential, positioning Bangladesh for sustainable economic development and innovation.展开更多
Biomass energy conversion can be done in several ways-combustion, gasification, pyrolysis or anaerobic fermentation （biogas production）. Each of these technologies has certain advantages and disadvantages from the p...Biomass energy conversion can be done in several ways-combustion, gasification, pyrolysis or anaerobic fermentation （biogas production）. Each of these technologies has certain advantages and disadvantages from the point of view of energy generation for final consumption. In parallel, each of them has certain environmental impact in terms of emissions. The proposed EU directive prefers utilization of primary energy sources by application of highly efficient co-generation. Such change in assessment of energy effectiveness also means a completely new approach in assessment of current technologies. This report presents a guide for optimization of biomass energy conversion technologies assuming application of this new condition and minimal environmental impact. Specific values of emissions from particular technologies are used for the evaluation.展开更多
We conceptualize bioresource upgrade for sustainable energy,environment,and biomedicine with a focus on circular economy,sustainability,and carbon neutrality using high availability and low utilization biomass(HALUB)....We conceptualize bioresource upgrade for sustainable energy,environment,and biomedicine with a focus on circular economy,sustainability,and carbon neutrality using high availability and low utilization biomass(HALUB).We acme energy-efficient technologies for sustainable energy and material recovery and applications.The technologies of thermochemical conversion(TC),biochemical conversion(BC),electrochemical conversion(EC),and photochemical conversion(PTC)are summarized for HALUB.Microalgal biomass could contribute to a biofuel HHV of 35.72 MJ Kg^(-1)and total benefit of 749$/ton biomass via TC.Specific surface area of biochar reached 3000 m^(2)g^(-1)via pyrolytic carbonization of waste bean dregs.Lignocellulosic biomass can be effectively converted into bio-stimulants and biofertilizers via BC with a high conversion efficiency of more than 90%.Besides,lignocellulosic biomass can contribute to a current density of 672 mA m^(-2)via EC.Bioresource can be 100%selectively synthesized via electrocatalysis through EC and PTC.Machine learning,techno-economic analysis,and life cycle analysis are essential to various upgrading approaches of HALUB.Sustainable biomaterials,sustainable living materials and technologies for biomedical and multifunctional applications like nano-catalysis,microfluidic and micro/nanomotors beyond are also highlighted.New techniques and systems for the complete conversion and utilization of HALUB for new energy and materials are further discussed.展开更多
Biomass-derived activated carbon electrode materials have been synthesized by carbonization and KOH activa- tion processes from an agriculture waste - rice husk, composed of organic compound and silica. The surface ar...Biomass-derived activated carbon electrode materials have been synthesized by carbonization and KOH activa- tion processes from an agriculture waste - rice husk, composed of organic compound and silica. The surface area of activated carbon reached 1098.1 m2/g mainly including mesopores and macropores due to the template effect of sil- ica in rice husk. Owing to the existence of mesopores and macropores, the as-obtained activated carbon materials can be used in aqueous supercapacitors, lithium-ion （Li-ion） capacitors and lithium-sulfur （Li-S） batteries. In KOH electrolyte, fast rate performance （as high as 2 V/s） was obtained due to the existence of ideal electrical double layer capacitance. In organic electrolyte, high voltage （2.5 V） was achieved. Activated carbon electrode for Li-ion capac- itor also showed capacity of 17 mAh/g at 100 mA/g with the high voltage range of 2.5 V. The capacities of sul- fur-activated carbon in Li-S batteries were 1230 and 970 mAh/g at the current densities of 0.1 and 0.2 C. The pre- sent results showed that activated carbon materials with mesopores were good host to immobilize polysulfides.展开更多
Replacing conventional fossil resources with renewable raw materials for chemical production and energy generation is crucial for achieving the carbon-neutral goal and alleviating the emerging energy crisis.Biomass ha...Replacing conventional fossil resources with renewable raw materials for chemical production and energy generation is crucial for achieving the carbon-neutral goal and alleviating the emerging energy crisis.Biomass has been considered as one of the most promising candidates for this purpose owing to its great natural abundance and inherent ability to fix CO_(2) in the form of multicarbon compounds.Particularly,biomass conversion through an electrochemical route is intriguing because of its operability near ambient conditions,flexible scalability(suitable for distributed manufacturing and even domestic use)and green generation of oxidative or reductive equivalents instead of wasteful and possibly explosive or flammable reagents.Herein,recent progress in electrochemical transformation of biomass,including hydrogenation and amination,is reviewed with the emphasis on catalysts and strategies for enhancing catalytic efficiency.The advances in mechanistic understanding using in-situ spectroscopy are also briefly discussed.Finally,recommendations for the directions for future development are also provided.展开更多
文摘This paper describes an efficient and appropriate use of biomass in Latvian conditions as well as analyzing the current situation, leading to recommendations for rational use of biomass and the full implementation of the Latvian energy sector. In recent year＇s, Latvian energy sector development analysis shows, that there is a positive tendency--an increase of local and renewable energy share of energy balance. The paper will be identified for future development opporttmities, and will undertake an analysis of renewable energy consumption forecasting in accordance with the renewable energy potential assessment, taking into account the effective use of innovative technologies and ecological aspects of the energy sector. Increasing use of biomass for district heating （and cogeneration）, also increase the efficient use ofbiomass in cost efficiency and reducing of GHG emissions. Efficient use of biomass analyzed in the paper, taking into account technical, legislative, institutional/organizational, economic, information and financial aspects. Promoting of the efficient use of biomass will increase national energy independence.
文摘I. Preface
Biomass includes the residues of agriculture, forest and stock breeding, as well as straw, algae and energy crops. In its broad meaning, biomass is a kind of organic matter produced by the photosynthesis of plants, which is not only renewable, but also contains plentiful energy.
文摘Bangladesh’s thriving okra cultivation sector annually yields substantial harvests, yet a significant portion of the plant remains underutilized after harvesting, posing as agricultural waste. This oversight neglects the economic potential of okra fiber, which is versatile and valuable across various industries. This paper explores this untapped potential by investigating the physico-mechanical properties, chemical treatments, and fabrication techniques of okra fiber, drawing from a wealth of research. Comparative analyses with established natural fibers like jute and sisal shed light on okra fiber’s transformative role in Bangladesh’s economic landscape. Along with the applications in the fashion world, meticulous investigation into its mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics uncovers inherent strengths and integration pathways into industrial applications. Strategies for optimizing yield and quality, including novel approaches like photo-grafting and protein extraction, are explored. Considerations for cytotoxicity and environmental sustainability ensure its viability as a green resource. This research aims to unlock okra fiber’s full potential, positioning Bangladesh for sustainable economic development and innovation.
文摘Biomass energy conversion can be done in several ways-combustion, gasification, pyrolysis or anaerobic fermentation （biogas production）. Each of these technologies has certain advantages and disadvantages from the point of view of energy generation for final consumption. In parallel, each of them has certain environmental impact in terms of emissions. The proposed EU directive prefers utilization of primary energy sources by application of highly efficient co-generation. Such change in assessment of energy effectiveness also means a completely new approach in assessment of current technologies. This report presents a guide for optimization of biomass energy conversion technologies assuming application of this new condition and minimal environmental impact. Specific values of emissions from particular technologies are used for the evaluation.
基金the support from Harvard/MITthe support funded by the National Research Foundation(NRF),Prime Minister’s Office,Singapore,under its Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(CREATE)program,Grant Number R-706-001-102-281the funding support from Harbin Institute of Technology,China,Grant Number FRFCU5710053121。
文摘We conceptualize bioresource upgrade for sustainable energy,environment,and biomedicine with a focus on circular economy,sustainability,and carbon neutrality using high availability and low utilization biomass(HALUB).We acme energy-efficient technologies for sustainable energy and material recovery and applications.The technologies of thermochemical conversion(TC),biochemical conversion(BC),electrochemical conversion(EC),and photochemical conversion(PTC)are summarized for HALUB.Microalgal biomass could contribute to a biofuel HHV of 35.72 MJ Kg^(-1)and total benefit of 749$/ton biomass via TC.Specific surface area of biochar reached 3000 m^(2)g^(-1)via pyrolytic carbonization of waste bean dregs.Lignocellulosic biomass can be effectively converted into bio-stimulants and biofertilizers via BC with a high conversion efficiency of more than 90%.Besides,lignocellulosic biomass can contribute to a current density of 672 mA m^(-2)via EC.Bioresource can be 100%selectively synthesized via electrocatalysis through EC and PTC.Machine learning,techno-economic analysis,and life cycle analysis are essential to various upgrading approaches of HALUB.Sustainable biomaterials,sustainable living materials and technologies for biomedical and multifunctional applications like nano-catalysis,microfluidic and micro/nanomotors beyond are also highlighted.New techniques and systems for the complete conversion and utilization of HALUB for new energy and materials are further discussed.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 91434118, 21601176）, the National Natural Science Foundation for Creative Research Group （Grant No. 21521092）, the External Cooperation Program of BIC, Chinese Academy of Sciences （Grant No. 121522KYS820150009）, the Hun- dred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sci- ences, and Jilin Provincial Science and Technology De-velopment Program of China （Grant No. 20160520002JH） is acknowledged.
文摘Biomass-derived activated carbon electrode materials have been synthesized by carbonization and KOH activa- tion processes from an agriculture waste - rice husk, composed of organic compound and silica. The surface area of activated carbon reached 1098.1 m2/g mainly including mesopores and macropores due to the template effect of sil- ica in rice husk. Owing to the existence of mesopores and macropores, the as-obtained activated carbon materials can be used in aqueous supercapacitors, lithium-ion （Li-ion） capacitors and lithium-sulfur （Li-S） batteries. In KOH electrolyte, fast rate performance （as high as 2 V/s） was obtained due to the existence of ideal electrical double layer capacitance. In organic electrolyte, high voltage （2.5 V） was achieved. Activated carbon electrode for Li-ion capac- itor also showed capacity of 17 mAh/g at 100 mA/g with the high voltage range of 2.5 V. The capacities of sul- fur-activated carbon in Li-S batteries were 1230 and 970 mAh/g at the current densities of 0.1 and 0.2 C. The pre- sent results showed that activated carbon materials with mesopores were good host to immobilize polysulfides.
基金the Monash-Warwick Alliance for funding support through the Accelerator Fund。
文摘Replacing conventional fossil resources with renewable raw materials for chemical production and energy generation is crucial for achieving the carbon-neutral goal and alleviating the emerging energy crisis.Biomass has been considered as one of the most promising candidates for this purpose owing to its great natural abundance and inherent ability to fix CO_(2) in the form of multicarbon compounds.Particularly,biomass conversion through an electrochemical route is intriguing because of its operability near ambient conditions,flexible scalability(suitable for distributed manufacturing and even domestic use)and green generation of oxidative or reductive equivalents instead of wasteful and possibly explosive or flammable reagents.Herein,recent progress in electrochemical transformation of biomass,including hydrogenation and amination,is reviewed with the emphasis on catalysts and strategies for enhancing catalytic efficiency.The advances in mechanistic understanding using in-situ spectroscopy are also briefly discussed.Finally,recommendations for the directions for future development are also provided.
