Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The appro...Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The approach to biomass,as the only true full-scale alternative to fossil resources,is progressing rapidly.Converting biomass into furanic compounds,as versatile platform chemicals for synthesizing a wide range of bio-based products is the cornerstone of sustainable technologies.The extensive body of this review combines the biomass valorization to furanic compounds by CO_(2)utilization and furanic compounds conversion by CO_(2)fixation.These processes can be strategically applied through both‘thermochemical’and‘electrochemical’pathways,by utilizing CO_(2)from the atmosphere or industrial emission point and returning it to the natural carbon cycle.In the thermochemical pathway CO_(2)acts as a carbon source(carboxylation and polymerization)or active reaction assistant in the biomass conversion(CO_(2)-assisted conversion),without altering its oxidation state,facilitating the synthesis of valuable products and polymers.Conversely,in the electrochemical pathway,CO_(2)can be used as a carbon source(electrocarboxylation)to give the corresponding carboxylic acid,or it can undergo reduction,yielding methanol,carbon monoxide(CO),formic acid,and analogous compounds,while on the other side,furanic compounds undergo oxidation yielding high-value-added chemicals.Finally,potential future research directions are suggested to promote CO_(2)utilization and fixation in the valorization of biomass-derived furanic compounds,and challenges facing further research are highlighted.展开更多
Coal-based soild wastes(CBSWs)are industrial byproducts that can be harmful to the environment.The exploitation and utilization of CBsWs offer societal advantages such as resource conservation,pollution reduction,and ...Coal-based soild wastes(CBSWs)are industrial byproducts that can be harmful to the environment.The exploitation and utilization of CBsWs offer societal advantages such as resource conservation,pollution reduction,and cost-effective production.However,environmentally sustainable management remains a worldwide challenge due to the substantial production volume and limited disposal capacity of CBSWs.The physicochemical properties and utilization of CBSWs are summarized,including fly ash,coal gangue and coal gasification slag.It also presents the current global applications status of CBSWs resources and examines market supply and demand.Subsequently,the paper provides an overview of studies on ways to utilise CBSWs,highlighting the primary avenues of CBSWs resource utilization which are mainly from the fields of chemical materials,metallurgy and agriculture.Furthermore,a comparative evaluation of the various methods for CBSWs resource recovery is conducted,outlining their respective advantages and disadvantages.The future development of CBSWs recycling processes is also discussed.The review concludes that while there is a growing need for attention in CBSWs recycling,its utilization will involve a combination of both large-scale treatment and refinement processes.The paper aims to offer references and insights for the effective utilization and environmental protection of CBSWs.Future direction will focus on the collaborative utilization of CBSWs,emphasizing on the combination of large-scale and high-value utilization.In addition,there is a need to establish a comprehensive database based on on-site production practices,explore on-site solutions to reduce transportation costs,and improve physicochemical properties during the production process.展开更多
This work was conducted to compare the potentiality between BLRI Napier-3(BN-3)and Pakchong(PK)fodders.In a completely randomized design(CRD)layout,10 plots(5 m′5 m each)were prepared and stem cuttings were transplan...This work was conducted to compare the potentiality between BLRI Napier-3(BN-3)and Pakchong(PK)fodders.In a completely randomized design(CRD)layout,10 plots(5 m′5 m each)were prepared and stem cuttings were transplanted.Fodder plants were harvested at 70,80 and 90 days after plantation(DAP)followed by making silage.Ten Red Chittagong Cattle(RCC)growing bull calves were selected and equally divided into two treatment groups fed only silages for nutrient utilization and growth evaluation.The highest biomass yield(69.3 ton/ha)and plant height(104.6 cm)were observed in PK at 90 DAP.The highest leaf weight(498.6 g/plant)and leaf to stem ratio(LSR)(1.53)were observed in BN-3 at 70 DAP,which was decreased gradually in progressing maturity.Conversely,stem weight was increased with progressing maturity.Dry matter(DM)(24.71%),total ash(8.35%)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)(61.89%)in PK silage were significantly higher.On the other hand,crude protein(CP)(9.86%),organic matter(OM)(91.65%)and neutral detergent fiber(NDF)(88.06%)in PK silage did not differ with BN-3 silage.Dry matter intake(DMI)and crude protein intake(CPI)from PK silage(2.25 kg/day/animal and 0.22 kg/day/animal)were significantly higher.Digestibility of DM(55.07%),CP(62.35%),OM(57.85%),total ash(30.89%),ADF(73.02%)and NDF(78.19%)for PK silage were significantly higher.N-intake(35.57 g/d)from PK silage was significantly higher,although,N-retention did not differ significantly.There were no significant differences in weight gain of calves fed PK(117 g/d)and BN-3(68 g/d).It can be concluded that PK silage is comparatively better than BN-3 in respect to biomass yield,digestibility and nutrient utilization in growing bull calves.展开更多
The total annual increment in forests in Bulgaria is about 14.5 Mio m^3 of the growing stock, of which the harvesting amounts at 5-6 Mio m^3 of fallen wood. An increase of the actually harvested quantities of wood is ...The total annual increment in forests in Bulgaria is about 14.5 Mio m^3 of the growing stock, of which the harvesting amounts at 5-6 Mio m^3 of fallen wood. An increase of the actually harvested quantities of wood is possible and it may rise up to 8-10 Mio m^3. The volume of forestry waste is 1,066,900 m^3, incl. economically accessible forestry waste are 373,400 m^3. Every year, there are about 3.0 Mio m^3 of wood which are obtained by the wood category, being 2.5 Mio m^3 of that same one used by the population as fire wood for stoves about 40% efficiency. In that connection, a map has been elaborated of the economically accessible forest-wood waste from the wood harvesting. Taking into account the data on the share of that wood, is considered capable for energy production, as well as the fact that a part of fire wood shall not be used in the conventional way but shall be processed, instead, that is to say, transformed into chips, pellets and briquettes, a map of category of woods has been made for the purposes and needs of this elaboration. There are some reserves as regards to thinning operations where small- and medium-sized wood is harvested and from temporarily inaccessible forest exploitation basins or the so called ＂closed basins＂ should arrive to. This paper proposes the most promising technologies for waste processing and transformation into chips, which could be applicable in Bulgaria and in some other countries as well.展开更多
This paper describes an efficient and appropriate use of biomass in Latvian conditions as well as analyzing the current situation, leading to recommendations for rational use of biomass and the full implementation of ...This paper describes an efficient and appropriate use of biomass in Latvian conditions as well as analyzing the current situation, leading to recommendations for rational use of biomass and the full implementation of the Latvian energy sector. In recent year＇s, Latvian energy sector development analysis shows, that there is a positive tendency--an increase of local and renewable energy share of energy balance. The paper will be identified for future development opporttmities, and will undertake an analysis of renewable energy consumption forecasting in accordance with the renewable energy potential assessment, taking into account the effective use of innovative technologies and ecological aspects of the energy sector. Increasing use of biomass for district heating （and cogeneration）, also increase the efficient use ofbiomass in cost efficiency and reducing of GHG emissions. Efficient use of biomass analyzed in the paper, taking into account technical, legislative, institutional/organizational, economic, information and financial aspects. Promoting of the efficient use of biomass will increase national energy independence.展开更多
I. Preface
Biomass includes the residues of agriculture, forest and stock breeding, as well as straw, algae and energy crops. In its broad meaning, biomass is a kind of organic matter produced by the photosynthesis of...I. Preface
Biomass includes the residues of agriculture, forest and stock breeding, as well as straw, algae and energy crops. In its broad meaning, biomass is a kind of organic matter produced by the photosynthesis of plants, which is not only renewable, but also contains plentiful energy.展开更多
Numerous studies have focused on vegetation traits and soil properties in grassland, few of which concerned about effects of human utilization patterns on grassland yet. Thus, this study hypothesized that human distur...Numerous studies have focused on vegetation traits and soil properties in grassland, few of which concerned about effects of human utilization patterns on grassland yet. Thus, this study hypothesized that human disturbance(e.g., grazing, mowing and fencing) triggered significant variation of biomass partitioning and carbon reallocation. Besides, there existed some differences of species diversity and soil fertility. To address these hypotheses of grassland with diverse utilization patterns in Hulun Buir City, Inner Mongolia, China, we sampled in situ about aboveground biomass(AGB) and belowground biomass(BGB) to evaluate their biomass allocation. Species diversity and soil properties were also investigated. Subsequently, we discussed the relationship of species diversity with environmental conditions, using data collected from 23 sites during the ecological project period of Returning Grazing Lands to Grasslands(RGLG) program. The results were as follows: 1) both AGB and BGB were lower on grazing regime than those on fencing and mowing, but the ratio of root-to-shoot(R/S) was higher on grazing regime than the other two utilization patterns; 2) neither of evenness and Simpson Index was different significantly among all grassland utilization patterns in desert, typical, and meadow grassland at 0.05. In meadow grassland, species richness of fencing pattern was significantly higher than that of grazing pattern(p < 0.05); 3) both of soil organic carbon content and soil available phosphorous content were increased significantly on fencing pattern than grazing pattern(p < 0.05) in desert grassland, and mowing patterns increased the soil nutrients(soil organic carbon, soil total phosphorous, soil available phosphorous, and soil total nitrogen) significantly compared with grazing patterns(p < 0.05) in typical grassland. However, there were no significant differences among utilization patterns in meadow grassland. In conclusion, both of AGB and BGB were increased significantly by fencing. Moreover, species diversity and soil nutrients can be promoted via mowing and fencing. This study suggested that implementation of Ecological Project played a positive role in sustainable grassland utilization of Hulun Buir City and a strong positive influence on the entire temperate grassland.展开更多
According to the diverse studies on domestic straw utilization, the causes to the present situation of domestic straw utilization were analyzed and related solutions were proposed. It was pointed out that only by taki...According to the diverse studies on domestic straw utilization, the causes to the present situation of domestic straw utilization were analyzed and related solutions were proposed. It was pointed out that only by taking suitable measures can the problems of environment pollution and resources waste caused by straw burning be radically solved.展开更多
Sawdust which is basically considered as?a timber-industrial waste?that pollutes the environment can become a valuable commodity which is considered in three ways: Manufacturing, Energy and Agricultural utilization. T...Sawdust which is basically considered as?a timber-industrial waste?that pollutes the environment can become a valuable commodity which is considered in three ways: Manufacturing, Energy and Agricultural utilization. The sawdust is burnt in an updraft gasifier under a limited supply of air to obtain?producer gas which is carbon II oxide and hydrogen as main components. The sawdust and other biomass materials are mixed in certain proportions, then bound together and palletized to a small blocks called briquettes. The material?was also considered to be composted by mixing it with animal digestion or?wood ashes and calcium carbonate to form fertilizers. The sawdust and wood shavings can be used for particle board as well as oil production.展开更多
Efficient disposal of oily water pollution and oily sludge(OS)production with low energy demand has garnered significant attention for the low carbon transition of the petroleum industry.How to overcome the hardships ...Efficient disposal of oily water pollution and oily sludge(OS)production with low energy demand has garnered significant attention for the low carbon transition of the petroleum industry.How to overcome the hardships from severe emulsion and interaction with soil minerals in emulsion-soil(OS)is a significant challenge with the prospective opportunities of solar energy substitution.This paper proposed the solar-driven photothermal conversion technology for efficient dehydration of OS and purification of oily water using a multifunctional material.A biomass-based carbon aerogel(BCA-600)with a porous three-dimensional(3D)structure and photothermal conversion characteristics was synthesized.Interestingly,this carbon aerogel possessed adjustable surface wettability,enabling it to adsorb high viscosity crude oil on the water surface(4.28 g·g^(−1))and achieve demulsification-separation in water-in-oil emulsions(97.28%)with the assistance of solar irradiation.Accordingly,the synergistic action of solar heating and separation-adsorption of emulsion by BCA-600 contributed to the efficient photothermal dehydra-tion for both OS and emulsion.The highest dehydration efficiency for OS reached 90.68%with the OS/BCA-600 mass ratio of 10:2.Moreover,BCA-600 could remain in the dehydrated OS without separation to participate in the following pyrolysis with enhanced effects by confined-catalytic cracking,achieving a“one stone,two birds”effect.Overall,the solar photothermal approach exhibits significant potential for treating oily pollutants,reducing carbon emissions by more than 100 times compared to traditional thermal methods.This could be a strong push for the low carbon transition of the petroleum industry.展开更多
为探明不同世代杉木优树幼苗在生长性能、生物量积累以及磷元素吸收与磷利用效率方面的差异,选取中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业实验中心的全国杉木种质库中的种源优树(superior trees of provenance,STP)、一代优树(first-generation su...为探明不同世代杉木优树幼苗在生长性能、生物量积累以及磷元素吸收与磷利用效率方面的差异,选取中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业实验中心的全国杉木种质库中的种源优树(superior trees of provenance,STP)、一代优树(first-generation superior trees,FST)及二代优树(second-generation superior tree,SST)群体作为研究对象,测定其子代幼苗的苗高、地径、生物量积累及其分配、根系形态特征、磷吸收效率和磷利用效率,并分析各指标间的相关关系。结果表明,种源优树与二代优树群体幼苗在苗高、地径及各器官和总生物量方面无显著差异,但均显著高于一代优树群体,而根冠比则相反。不同世代间的根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数、比根长和根组织密度等指标均未达显著差异水平。除了根磷吸收效率外,种源优树的磷吸收效率基本与二代优树相当,但其磷利用效率显著高于二代优树。不同世代优树群体幼苗在生长、根系指标、生物量、磷吸收效率和磷利用效率等方面的相关性并不完全一致。因此,杉木种源和二代优树群体在挖掘具有高生长量和高磷效率特征的育种材料方面展现了较大潜力,为后续杉木种质资源挖掘工作提供了科学依据。展开更多
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2101604)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23A20123,22278339)+1 种基金Fujian Provincial Key Science and Technology Program of China(No.2022YZ037013)Xiamen University for the financial support.
文摘Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The approach to biomass,as the only true full-scale alternative to fossil resources,is progressing rapidly.Converting biomass into furanic compounds,as versatile platform chemicals for synthesizing a wide range of bio-based products is the cornerstone of sustainable technologies.The extensive body of this review combines the biomass valorization to furanic compounds by CO_(2)utilization and furanic compounds conversion by CO_(2)fixation.These processes can be strategically applied through both‘thermochemical’and‘electrochemical’pathways,by utilizing CO_(2)from the atmosphere or industrial emission point and returning it to the natural carbon cycle.In the thermochemical pathway CO_(2)acts as a carbon source(carboxylation and polymerization)or active reaction assistant in the biomass conversion(CO_(2)-assisted conversion),without altering its oxidation state,facilitating the synthesis of valuable products and polymers.Conversely,in the electrochemical pathway,CO_(2)can be used as a carbon source(electrocarboxylation)to give the corresponding carboxylic acid,or it can undergo reduction,yielding methanol,carbon monoxide(CO),formic acid,and analogous compounds,while on the other side,furanic compounds undergo oxidation yielding high-value-added chemicals.Finally,potential future research directions are suggested to promote CO_(2)utilization and fixation in the valorization of biomass-derived furanic compounds,and challenges facing further research are highlighted.
基金supported by the following:“National Natural Science Foundation of China”(22478231)“Natural Science Foundation of Henan”(242300421449)“Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province”(202403021221011).
文摘Coal-based soild wastes(CBSWs)are industrial byproducts that can be harmful to the environment.The exploitation and utilization of CBsWs offer societal advantages such as resource conservation,pollution reduction,and cost-effective production.However,environmentally sustainable management remains a worldwide challenge due to the substantial production volume and limited disposal capacity of CBSWs.The physicochemical properties and utilization of CBSWs are summarized,including fly ash,coal gangue and coal gasification slag.It also presents the current global applications status of CBSWs resources and examines market supply and demand.Subsequently,the paper provides an overview of studies on ways to utilise CBSWs,highlighting the primary avenues of CBSWs resource utilization which are mainly from the fields of chemical materials,metallurgy and agriculture.Furthermore,a comparative evaluation of the various methods for CBSWs resource recovery is conducted,outlining their respective advantages and disadvantages.The future development of CBSWs recycling processes is also discussed.The review concludes that while there is a growing need for attention in CBSWs recycling,its utilization will involve a combination of both large-scale treatment and refinement processes.The paper aims to offer references and insights for the effective utilization and environmental protection of CBSWs.Future direction will focus on the collaborative utilization of CBSWs,emphasizing on the combination of large-scale and high-value utilization.In addition,there is a need to establish a comprehensive database based on on-site production practices,explore on-site solutions to reduce transportation costs,and improve physicochemical properties during the production process.
文摘This work was conducted to compare the potentiality between BLRI Napier-3(BN-3)and Pakchong(PK)fodders.In a completely randomized design(CRD)layout,10 plots(5 m′5 m each)were prepared and stem cuttings were transplanted.Fodder plants were harvested at 70,80 and 90 days after plantation(DAP)followed by making silage.Ten Red Chittagong Cattle(RCC)growing bull calves were selected and equally divided into two treatment groups fed only silages for nutrient utilization and growth evaluation.The highest biomass yield(69.3 ton/ha)and plant height(104.6 cm)were observed in PK at 90 DAP.The highest leaf weight(498.6 g/plant)and leaf to stem ratio(LSR)(1.53)were observed in BN-3 at 70 DAP,which was decreased gradually in progressing maturity.Conversely,stem weight was increased with progressing maturity.Dry matter(DM)(24.71%),total ash(8.35%)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)(61.89%)in PK silage were significantly higher.On the other hand,crude protein(CP)(9.86%),organic matter(OM)(91.65%)and neutral detergent fiber(NDF)(88.06%)in PK silage did not differ with BN-3 silage.Dry matter intake(DMI)and crude protein intake(CPI)from PK silage(2.25 kg/day/animal and 0.22 kg/day/animal)were significantly higher.Digestibility of DM(55.07%),CP(62.35%),OM(57.85%),total ash(30.89%),ADF(73.02%)and NDF(78.19%)for PK silage were significantly higher.N-intake(35.57 g/d)from PK silage was significantly higher,although,N-retention did not differ significantly.There were no significant differences in weight gain of calves fed PK(117 g/d)and BN-3(68 g/d).It can be concluded that PK silage is comparatively better than BN-3 in respect to biomass yield,digestibility and nutrient utilization in growing bull calves.
文摘The total annual increment in forests in Bulgaria is about 14.5 Mio m^3 of the growing stock, of which the harvesting amounts at 5-6 Mio m^3 of fallen wood. An increase of the actually harvested quantities of wood is possible and it may rise up to 8-10 Mio m^3. The volume of forestry waste is 1,066,900 m^3, incl. economically accessible forestry waste are 373,400 m^3. Every year, there are about 3.0 Mio m^3 of wood which are obtained by the wood category, being 2.5 Mio m^3 of that same one used by the population as fire wood for stoves about 40% efficiency. In that connection, a map has been elaborated of the economically accessible forest-wood waste from the wood harvesting. Taking into account the data on the share of that wood, is considered capable for energy production, as well as the fact that a part of fire wood shall not be used in the conventional way but shall be processed, instead, that is to say, transformed into chips, pellets and briquettes, a map of category of woods has been made for the purposes and needs of this elaboration. There are some reserves as regards to thinning operations where small- and medium-sized wood is harvested and from temporarily inaccessible forest exploitation basins or the so called ＂closed basins＂ should arrive to. This paper proposes the most promising technologies for waste processing and transformation into chips, which could be applicable in Bulgaria and in some other countries as well.
文摘This paper describes an efficient and appropriate use of biomass in Latvian conditions as well as analyzing the current situation, leading to recommendations for rational use of biomass and the full implementation of the Latvian energy sector. In recent year＇s, Latvian energy sector development analysis shows, that there is a positive tendency--an increase of local and renewable energy share of energy balance. The paper will be identified for future development opporttmities, and will undertake an analysis of renewable energy consumption forecasting in accordance with the renewable energy potential assessment, taking into account the effective use of innovative technologies and ecological aspects of the energy sector. Increasing use of biomass for district heating （and cogeneration）, also increase the efficient use ofbiomass in cost efficiency and reducing of GHG emissions. Efficient use of biomass analyzed in the paper, taking into account technical, legislative, institutional/organizational, economic, information and financial aspects. Promoting of the efficient use of biomass will increase national energy independence.
文摘I. Preface
Biomass includes the residues of agriculture, forest and stock breeding, as well as straw, algae and energy crops. In its broad meaning, biomass is a kind of organic matter produced by the photosynthesis of plants, which is not only renewable, but also contains plentiful energy.
基金Under the auspices of Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA05060100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41105117)
文摘Numerous studies have focused on vegetation traits and soil properties in grassland, few of which concerned about effects of human utilization patterns on grassland yet. Thus, this study hypothesized that human disturbance(e.g., grazing, mowing and fencing) triggered significant variation of biomass partitioning and carbon reallocation. Besides, there existed some differences of species diversity and soil fertility. To address these hypotheses of grassland with diverse utilization patterns in Hulun Buir City, Inner Mongolia, China, we sampled in situ about aboveground biomass(AGB) and belowground biomass(BGB) to evaluate their biomass allocation. Species diversity and soil properties were also investigated. Subsequently, we discussed the relationship of species diversity with environmental conditions, using data collected from 23 sites during the ecological project period of Returning Grazing Lands to Grasslands(RGLG) program. The results were as follows: 1) both AGB and BGB were lower on grazing regime than those on fencing and mowing, but the ratio of root-to-shoot(R/S) was higher on grazing regime than the other two utilization patterns; 2) neither of evenness and Simpson Index was different significantly among all grassland utilization patterns in desert, typical, and meadow grassland at 0.05. In meadow grassland, species richness of fencing pattern was significantly higher than that of grazing pattern(p < 0.05); 3) both of soil organic carbon content and soil available phosphorous content were increased significantly on fencing pattern than grazing pattern(p < 0.05) in desert grassland, and mowing patterns increased the soil nutrients(soil organic carbon, soil total phosphorous, soil available phosphorous, and soil total nitrogen) significantly compared with grazing patterns(p < 0.05) in typical grassland. However, there were no significant differences among utilization patterns in meadow grassland. In conclusion, both of AGB and BGB were increased significantly by fencing. Moreover, species diversity and soil nutrients can be promoted via mowing and fencing. This study suggested that implementation of Ecological Project played a positive role in sustainable grassland utilization of Hulun Buir City and a strong positive influence on the entire temperate grassland.
基金Supported by Zhenjiang Social Development Science and Technology Program(SH2011007)
文摘According to the diverse studies on domestic straw utilization, the causes to the present situation of domestic straw utilization were analyzed and related solutions were proposed. It was pointed out that only by taking suitable measures can the problems of environment pollution and resources waste caused by straw burning be radically solved.
文摘Sawdust which is basically considered as?a timber-industrial waste?that pollutes the environment can become a valuable commodity which is considered in three ways: Manufacturing, Energy and Agricultural utilization. The sawdust is burnt in an updraft gasifier under a limited supply of air to obtain?producer gas which is carbon II oxide and hydrogen as main components. The sawdust and other biomass materials are mixed in certain proportions, then bound together and palletized to a small blocks called briquettes. The material?was also considered to be composted by mixing it with animal digestion or?wood ashes and calcium carbonate to form fertilizers. The sawdust and wood shavings can be used for particle board as well as oil production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52376205)the Chinese Academy of Engineering Strategic Research and Consulting Project(2023-XZ-38).
文摘Efficient disposal of oily water pollution and oily sludge(OS)production with low energy demand has garnered significant attention for the low carbon transition of the petroleum industry.How to overcome the hardships from severe emulsion and interaction with soil minerals in emulsion-soil(OS)is a significant challenge with the prospective opportunities of solar energy substitution.This paper proposed the solar-driven photothermal conversion technology for efficient dehydration of OS and purification of oily water using a multifunctional material.A biomass-based carbon aerogel(BCA-600)with a porous three-dimensional(3D)structure and photothermal conversion characteristics was synthesized.Interestingly,this carbon aerogel possessed adjustable surface wettability,enabling it to adsorb high viscosity crude oil on the water surface(4.28 g·g^(−1))and achieve demulsification-separation in water-in-oil emulsions(97.28%)with the assistance of solar irradiation.Accordingly,the synergistic action of solar heating and separation-adsorption of emulsion by BCA-600 contributed to the efficient photothermal dehydra-tion for both OS and emulsion.The highest dehydration efficiency for OS reached 90.68%with the OS/BCA-600 mass ratio of 10:2.Moreover,BCA-600 could remain in the dehydrated OS without separation to participate in the following pyrolysis with enhanced effects by confined-catalytic cracking,achieving a“one stone,two birds”effect.Overall,the solar photothermal approach exhibits significant potential for treating oily pollutants,reducing carbon emissions by more than 100 times compared to traditional thermal methods.This could be a strong push for the low carbon transition of the petroleum industry.
文摘为探明不同世代杉木优树幼苗在生长性能、生物量积累以及磷元素吸收与磷利用效率方面的差异,选取中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业实验中心的全国杉木种质库中的种源优树(superior trees of provenance,STP)、一代优树(first-generation superior trees,FST)及二代优树(second-generation superior tree,SST)群体作为研究对象,测定其子代幼苗的苗高、地径、生物量积累及其分配、根系形态特征、磷吸收效率和磷利用效率,并分析各指标间的相关关系。结果表明,种源优树与二代优树群体幼苗在苗高、地径及各器官和总生物量方面无显著差异,但均显著高于一代优树群体,而根冠比则相反。不同世代间的根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数、比根长和根组织密度等指标均未达显著差异水平。除了根磷吸收效率外,种源优树的磷吸收效率基本与二代优树相当,但其磷利用效率显著高于二代优树。不同世代优树群体幼苗在生长、根系指标、生物量、磷吸收效率和磷利用效率等方面的相关性并不完全一致。因此,杉木种源和二代优树群体在挖掘具有高生长量和高磷效率特征的育种材料方面展现了较大潜力,为后续杉木种质资源挖掘工作提供了科学依据。
