Plant-insect interactions are basic components of biodiversity conservation.To attain the international Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),the interactions in urban and in suburban systems should be better understood...Plant-insect interactions are basic components of biodiversity conservation.To attain the international Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),the interactions in urban and in suburban systems should be better understood to maintain the health of green infrastructure.The role of ground-level ozone(0_(3)) as an environmental stress disrupting interaction webs is presented.Ozone mixing ratios in suburbs are usually higher than in the center of cities and may reduce photosynthetic productivity at a relatively higher degree.Consequently,carbon-based defense capacities of plants may be suppressed by elevated 0_(3) more in the suburbs.However,contrary to this expectation,grazing damages by leaf beetles have been severe in some urban centers in comparison with the suburbs.To explain differences in grazing damages between urban areas and suburbs,the disruption of atmospheric communication signals by elevated 0_(3) via changes in plant-regulated biogenic volatile organic compounds and long-chain fatty acids are considered.The ecological roles of plant volatiles and the effects of 0_(3) from both a chemical and a biological perspective are presented.Ozone-disrupted plant volatiles should be considered to explain herbivory phenomena in urban and suburban systems.展开更多
Biological network alignment is an important research topic in the field of bioinformatics. Nowadays almost every existing alignment method is designed to solve the deterministic biological network alignment problem.H...Biological network alignment is an important research topic in the field of bioinformatics. Nowadays almost every existing alignment method is designed to solve the deterministic biological network alignment problem.However, it is worth noting that interactions in biological networks, like many other processes in the biological realm,are probabilistic events. Therefore, more accurate and better results can be obtained if biological networks are characterized by probabilistic graphs. This probabilistic information, however, increases difficulties in analyzing networks and only few methods can handle the probabilistic information. Therefore, in this paper, an improved Probabilistic Biological Network Alignment（PBNA） is proposed. Based on Iso Rank, PBNA is able to use the probabilistic information. Furthermore, PBNA takes advantages of Contributor and Probability Generating Function（PGF） to improve the accuracy of node similarity value and reduce the computational complexity of random variables in similarity matrix. Experimental results on dataset of the Protein-Protein Interaction（PPI） networks provided by Todor demonstrate that PBNA can produce some alignment results that ignored by the deterministic methods, and produce more biologically meaningful alignment results than Iso Rank does in most of the cases based on the Gene Ontology Consistency（GOC） measure. Compared with Prob method, which is designed exactly to solve the probabilistic alignment problem, PBNA can obtain more biologically meaningful mappings in less time.展开更多
Nanoparticles(NPs)exhibit unique physicochemical properties that render them valuable for applications in several fields,such as drug delivery and diagnostics.However,these properties can lead to adverse biological re...Nanoparticles(NPs)exhibit unique physicochemical properties that render them valuable for applications in several fields,such as drug delivery and diagnostics.However,these properties can lead to adverse biological reactions,including cell toxicity.The mechanisms of NP-induced cytotoxicity involve complex pathways,including the generation of oxidative stress,reactive oxygen species(ROS),protein corona formation,and interactions with cell-uptake processes such as endocytosis and phagocytosis.This review discusses the in vivo and in vitro assays that help assess NP toxicity,covering cell viability,ROS generation,genotoxicity,and apoptosis.It highlights the importance of selecting appropriate methods to accurately evaluate the risks posed by NPs.The implications of these findings underscore the need for carefully formulating NP design to mitigate cytotoxic effects,ensuring safe and effective medical and industrial applications.展开更多
Nanoparticles(NPs)are increasingly recognized for their dual roles in both advancing and posing risks to female reproductive health.Owing to their small size and large surface area,NPs can interact with biological sys...Nanoparticles(NPs)are increasingly recognized for their dual roles in both advancing and posing risks to female reproductive health.Owing to their small size and large surface area,NPs can interact with biological systems in ways that may lead to both therapeutic innovations and toxicological concerns.The impact of NPs on the female reproductive system highlights their potential to disrupt hormone signaling pathways and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis,which are crucial for reproductive health.NPs have shown promise in targeted drug delivery systems,improving therapeutic outcomes for conditions such as endometriosis,polycystic ovary syndrome,and uterine leiomyoma.Advances in nanotechnology have facilitated the development of more sensitive diagnostic tools and innovative treatments,including NP-mediated drug delivery and hyperthermia.However,the accumulation of NPs in reproductive organs raises concerns about their potential toxicity,particularly in terms of oxidative stress,inflammation,and DNA damage.This review underscores the need for further research to fully understand the long-term effects of NPs on female reproductive health and to establish safe exposure limits.Additionally,the potential of NPs in gene therapy and tissue-targeted treatment offers a promising avenue for future clinical applications,with the possibility of revolutionizing the diagnosis and management of reproductive disorders.展开更多
In recent years,the environmental and health impacts ofnanoplastics have garnered significant attention,often portrayed as a novel and distinct threat.1−3 However,a groundbreaking study by Yan et al.challenges this na...In recent years,the environmental and health impacts ofnanoplastics have garnered significant attention,often portrayed as a novel and distinct threat.1−3 However,a groundbreaking study by Yan et al.challenges this narrative,arguing that the toxicity of nanoplastics is fundamentally a subset of the well-established field of nanotoxicology.4 Through extensive data mining,machine learning,and molecular dynamics simulations,the authors demonstrate that nanoplastics and engineered nanoparticles(ENPs)share striking similarities in their physicochemical properties,environmental behaviors,biological interactions,and toxicity profiles.This revelation calls for a paradigm shift in how nanoplastics research is conducted,advocating for the integration of this field into the broader nanotoxicology framework to avoid redundant efforts and accelerate the development of sustainable solutions.展开更多
基金supported financially by the Kuribayashi Scientific Foundation to Noboru MasuiThe Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST),Nanjing,China(No.003080)。
文摘Plant-insect interactions are basic components of biodiversity conservation.To attain the international Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),the interactions in urban and in suburban systems should be better understood to maintain the health of green infrastructure.The role of ground-level ozone(0_(3)) as an environmental stress disrupting interaction webs is presented.Ozone mixing ratios in suburbs are usually higher than in the center of cities and may reduce photosynthetic productivity at a relatively higher degree.Consequently,carbon-based defense capacities of plants may be suppressed by elevated 0_(3) more in the suburbs.However,contrary to this expectation,grazing damages by leaf beetles have been severe in some urban centers in comparison with the suburbs.To explain differences in grazing damages between urban areas and suburbs,the disruption of atmospheric communication signals by elevated 0_(3) via changes in plant-regulated biogenic volatile organic compounds and long-chain fatty acids are considered.The ecological roles of plant volatiles and the effects of 0_(3) from both a chemical and a biological perspective are presented.Ozone-disrupted plant volatiles should be considered to explain herbivory phenomena in urban and suburban systems.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant No. BK2012742
文摘Biological network alignment is an important research topic in the field of bioinformatics. Nowadays almost every existing alignment method is designed to solve the deterministic biological network alignment problem.However, it is worth noting that interactions in biological networks, like many other processes in the biological realm,are probabilistic events. Therefore, more accurate and better results can be obtained if biological networks are characterized by probabilistic graphs. This probabilistic information, however, increases difficulties in analyzing networks and only few methods can handle the probabilistic information. Therefore, in this paper, an improved Probabilistic Biological Network Alignment（PBNA） is proposed. Based on Iso Rank, PBNA is able to use the probabilistic information. Furthermore, PBNA takes advantages of Contributor and Probability Generating Function（PGF） to improve the accuracy of node similarity value and reduce the computational complexity of random variables in similarity matrix. Experimental results on dataset of the Protein-Protein Interaction（PPI） networks provided by Todor demonstrate that PBNA can produce some alignment results that ignored by the deterministic methods, and produce more biologically meaningful alignment results than Iso Rank does in most of the cases based on the Gene Ontology Consistency（GOC） measure. Compared with Prob method, which is designed exactly to solve the probabilistic alignment problem, PBNA can obtain more biologically meaningful mappings in less time.
文摘Nanoparticles(NPs)exhibit unique physicochemical properties that render them valuable for applications in several fields,such as drug delivery and diagnostics.However,these properties can lead to adverse biological reactions,including cell toxicity.The mechanisms of NP-induced cytotoxicity involve complex pathways,including the generation of oxidative stress,reactive oxygen species(ROS),protein corona formation,and interactions with cell-uptake processes such as endocytosis and phagocytosis.This review discusses the in vivo and in vitro assays that help assess NP toxicity,covering cell viability,ROS generation,genotoxicity,and apoptosis.It highlights the importance of selecting appropriate methods to accurately evaluate the risks posed by NPs.The implications of these findings underscore the need for carefully formulating NP design to mitigate cytotoxic effects,ensuring safe and effective medical and industrial applications.
文摘Nanoparticles(NPs)are increasingly recognized for their dual roles in both advancing and posing risks to female reproductive health.Owing to their small size and large surface area,NPs can interact with biological systems in ways that may lead to both therapeutic innovations and toxicological concerns.The impact of NPs on the female reproductive system highlights their potential to disrupt hormone signaling pathways and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis,which are crucial for reproductive health.NPs have shown promise in targeted drug delivery systems,improving therapeutic outcomes for conditions such as endometriosis,polycystic ovary syndrome,and uterine leiomyoma.Advances in nanotechnology have facilitated the development of more sensitive diagnostic tools and innovative treatments,including NP-mediated drug delivery and hyperthermia.However,the accumulation of NPs in reproductive organs raises concerns about their potential toxicity,particularly in terms of oxidative stress,inflammation,and DNA damage.This review underscores the need for further research to fully understand the long-term effects of NPs on female reproductive health and to establish safe exposure limits.Additionally,the potential of NPs in gene therapy and tissue-targeted treatment offers a promising avenue for future clinical applications,with the possibility of revolutionizing the diagnosis and management of reproductive disorders.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 22241604 and 22125606).
文摘In recent years,the environmental and health impacts ofnanoplastics have garnered significant attention,often portrayed as a novel and distinct threat.1−3 However,a groundbreaking study by Yan et al.challenges this narrative,arguing that the toxicity of nanoplastics is fundamentally a subset of the well-established field of nanotoxicology.4 Through extensive data mining,machine learning,and molecular dynamics simulations,the authors demonstrate that nanoplastics and engineered nanoparticles(ENPs)share striking similarities in their physicochemical properties,environmental behaviors,biological interactions,and toxicity profiles.This revelation calls for a paradigm shift in how nanoplastics research is conducted,advocating for the integration of this field into the broader nanotoxicology framework to avoid redundant efforts and accelerate the development of sustainable solutions.
