The five-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer is less than 5%. However, the current clinical multimodal therapy combined with first-line chemotherapy drugs only increases the patient’s median survival from 5.0 mo...The five-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer is less than 5%. However, the current clinical multimodal therapy combined with first-line chemotherapy drugs only increases the patient’s median survival from 5.0 months to 7.2 months. Consequently, a new strategy of cancer treatments is urgently needed to overcome this high-fatality disease. Through a series of biometric analyses, we found that KRAS is highly expressed in the tumor of pancreatic cancer patients, and this high expression is closely related to the poor prognosis of patients. It shows that inhibiting the expression of KRAS has great potential in gene therapy for pancreatic cancer. Given those above, we have exploited the possibility of targeted delivery of KRAS shRNA with the intelligent and bio-responsive nanomedicine to detect the special oxidative stress microenvironment of cancer cells and realize efficient cancer theranostics. Our observations demonstrate that by designing the smart self-assembled nanocapsules of melanin with fluorescent nanoclusters we can readily achieve the bio-recognition and bioimaging of cancer cells in biological solution or serum.The self-assembled nanocapsules can make a significant bio-response to the oxidative stress microenvironment of cancer cells and generate fluorescent zinc oxide Nanoclusters in situ for targeted cell bioimaging. Moreover, it can also readily facilitate cancer cell suppression through the targeted delivery of KRAS shRNA and low-temperature hyperthermia. This raises the possibility to provide a promising theranostics platform and self-assembled nanomedicine for targeted cancer diagnostics and treatments through special oxidative stress-responsive effects of cancer cells.展开更多
Subcellular localization of proteins can provide key hints to infer their functions and structures in cells. With the breakthrough of recent molecule imaging techniques, the usage of 2D bioimages has become increasing...Subcellular localization of proteins can provide key hints to infer their functions and structures in cells. With the breakthrough of recent molecule imaging techniques, the usage of 2D bioimages has become increasingly popular in automatically analyzing the protein subcellular location pat- terns. Compared with the widely used protein 1D amino acid sequence data, the images of protein distribution are more intuitive and interpretable, making the images a better choice at many applications for revealing the dynamic char- acteristics of proteins, such as detecting protein translocation and quantification of proteins. In this paper, we systemati- cally reviewed the recent progresses in the field of automated image-based protein subcellular location prediction, and clas- sified them into four categories including growing of bioim- age databases, description of subcellular location distribution patterns, classification methods, and applications of the pre- diction systems. Besides, we also discussed some potential directions in this field.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide,exhibiting high morbidity and mortality.Lack of efficient tools for early diagnosis and surgical resection guidance of CRC have been a seri...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide,exhibiting high morbidity and mortality.Lack of efficient tools for early diagnosis and surgical resection guidance of CRC have been a serious threat to the long-term survival rate of the CRC patients.Recent studies have shown that relative higher viscosity was presented in tumor cells compared to that in normal cells,leading to viscosity as a potential biomarker for CRC.Herein,we reported the development of a series of novel viscosity-sensitive and mitochondria-specific fluorescent probes(HTB,HTI,and HTP)for CRC detection.Among them,HTB showed high sensitivity,minimal background interference,low cytotoxicity,and significant viscous response capability,making it an ideal tool for distinguishing colorectal tumor cells from normal cells.Importantly,we have successfully utilized HTB to visualize in a CRC-cells-derived xenograft(CDX)model,enriching its medical imaging capacity,which laid a foundation for further clinical translational application.展开更多
Carbon dots(CDs)are fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials with sizes smal-ler than 10 nm,that are renowned for their exceptional properties,including superior anti-photobleaching,excellent biocompatibility,and minima...Carbon dots(CDs)are fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials with sizes smal-ler than 10 nm,that are renowned for their exceptional properties,including superior anti-photobleaching,excellent biocompatibility,and minimal toxicity,which have received sig-nificant interest.Near-infrared(NIR)light has emerged as an ideal light source in the biolo-gical field due to its advantages of minimal scattering and absorption,long wavelength emission,increased tissue penetration,and reduced interference from biological back-grounds.CDs with efficient absorption and/or emission characteristics in the NIR spectrum have shown remarkable promise in the biomedical uses.This study provides a comprehens-ive overview of the preparation methods and wavelength modulation strategies for near-in-frared CDs and reviews research progress in their use in the areas of biosensing,bioimaging,and therapy.It also discusses current challenges and clinical prospects,aimed at deepening our understanding of the subject and promoting further advances in this field.展开更多
Optical imaging in vivo holds significant implications for disease diagnosis, and nanoprobes with near-infrared (NIR) emission leverage the deep tissue penetration and high spatiotemporal resolution provided by NIR li...Optical imaging in vivo holds significant implications for disease diagnosis, and nanoprobes with near-infrared (NIR) emission leverage the deep tissue penetration and high spatiotemporal resolution provided by NIR light, demonstrating considerable application potential. This study presents the design and synthesis of three nitrogen-doped boron–dipyrrin (Aza-BODIPY) molecules: Aza–BDP–OCH_(3), Aza–BDP–OH, and Aza–BDP-I. Leveraging the strong electron-accepting properties of the Aza-BODIPY core, we developed a donor–acceptor–donor (D-A-D) structure for Aza–BDP–OCH_(3) through modifications with triphenylamine and methoxy groups, resulting in NIR fluorescence. Aza–BDP–OH was obtained via demethylation using boron tribromide, whereas Aza–BDP-I was synthesized by introducing iodine into Aza–BDP–OCH_(3). These three molecules self-assemble with the amphiphilic polymer PMHC18-mPEG to form nanoparticles (NPs), yielding optical nanoprobes. The resulting NPs exhibit NIR emission, good water solubility, and biocompatibility. At a concentration of 100 μg·mL^(-1), these NPs demonstrate low biological toxicity, highlighting their potential for biological applications. Following tail vein injection, Aza–BDP-I NPs accumulate in tumors and effectively illuminate them via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Furthermore, these organic NPs were metabolized by the liver. Therefore, Aza-BODIPY-based NIR fluorescent NPs offer a promising platform for the development of in vivo optical nanoprobes.展开更多
The application of aggregation-induced emission(AIE)materials in biological imaging holds multiple significances,including improving detection sensitivity and specificity,optimizing the imaging process,expanding the s...The application of aggregation-induced emission(AIE)materials in biological imaging holds multiple significances,including improving detection sensitivity and specificity,optimizing the imaging process,expanding the scope of application,and promoting advancements in biomedical research.In this work,the propeller ligand was constructed through McMurry coupling reaction and Suzuki coupling reaction by using dimethoxybenzophenone as the starting material.Then,an imine condensation reaction was carried out in chloroform solution,using a 3:2 molar ratio of precursor to tri(2-aminoethyl)amine to synthesize C3 symmetric porous organic cage CB.The structures of the compounds were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR),electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(ESI-MS)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).The optical investigation results reveal that ligand L-B and the porous organic cage C_(B) demonstrate remarkable aggregation-induced emission(AIE)properties in a tetrahydrofuran/water mixed solvent system,along with a pronounced response to tetrahydrofuran vapor stimuli.Consequently,Furthermore,given its unique cage-like structure,high quantum yield,and outstanding AIE behavior,the porous organic cage C_(B) holds promise for applications in cell imaging.展开更多
Excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer(ESIPT)based fluorescence probes are particularly attractive due to their unique properties including environmental sensitivity,a large Stokes shift,and potential for ratiom...Excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer(ESIPT)based fluorescence probes are particularly attractive due to their unique properties including environmental sensitivity,a large Stokes shift,and potential for ratiometric sensing.In general,ESIPT-based fluorophore incorporates an intramolecular hydrogen bonding interaction between a hydrogen bond donor(-OH and NH_(2)are common)and a hydrogen bond acceptor(C=N and C=O).More,protection-deprotection of hydroxyl group as hydrogen bond donor could induce an off-on switch of ESIPT-based emission.Therefore,protection-deprotection of hydroxyl group has been the widely used strategy to design fluorescent probes,where the potential key issue is selecting a protective group that can specifically leave in the presence of the target analyte.In this review,we mainly summarize the specific protecting groups(sites)and deprotection mechanisms for biologically important species(including reactive sulfur species(RSS),reactive oxygen species(ROS),enzymes,etc.),and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different protection mechanisms from some aspects including probe stability,selectivity,response rate and assay system,etc.Based on the aforementioned,we further point out the current challenges and the potential future direction for developing ESIPT-based probes.展开更多
Singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2)),as the primary reactive oxygen species in photodynamic therapy,can effectively induce excessive oxidative stress to ablate tumors and kill germs in clinical treatment.However,monitoring endog...Singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2)),as the primary reactive oxygen species in photodynamic therapy,can effectively induce excessive oxidative stress to ablate tumors and kill germs in clinical treatment.However,monitoring endogenous^(1)O_(2)is greatly challenging due to its extremely short lifetime and high reactivity in biological condition.Herein,we report an ultra-high signal-to-ratio near-infrared chemiluminescent probe(DCMCy)for the precise detection of endogenous^(1)O_(2)during photodynamic therapy(PDT).The methoxy moiety was removed from enolether unit in DCM-Cy to suppress the potential self-photooxidation reaction,thus greatly eliminating the photoinduced background signals during PDT.Additionally,the compact cyclobutane modification of DCM-Cy resulted in a significant 6-fold increase in cell permeability compared to conventional adamantane-dioxane probes.Therefore,our“step-by-step”strategy for DCM-Cy addressed the limitations of traditional chemiluminescent(CL)probes for^(1)O_(2),enabling effectively tracking of endogenous^(1)O_(2)level changes in living cells,pathogenic bacteria and mice in PDT.展开更多
Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)represent an innovative category of crystalline porous materials,formed through the self-assembly of organic building blocks via intermolecular hydrogen bonds,along with supplem...Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)represent an innovative category of crystalline porous materials,formed through the self-assembly of organic building blocks via intermolecular hydrogen bonds,along with supplementary interactions such asπ-πstacking and van der Waals forces.The relatively weak nature of hydrogen bonding endows HOFs with remarkable structural flexibility and a wide range of functional potential.Among them,luminescent HOFs(LHOFs)not only preserve the inherent luminescent properties of their organic fluorophore components but also exhibit key features characteristic of HOF materials,including porosity,recyclability,solution processability,and exceptional biocompatibility.This review outlines the design principles of LHOFs and explores their most recent applications,such as in sensing,bioimaging,and white-light emission.Lastly,we discuss current challenges and provide an outlook on future research directions in this field.展开更多
Up to now,numerous emerging methods of cancer treatment including chemodynamic therapy,photothermal therapy,photodynamic therapy,sonodynamic therapy,immunotherapy and chemotherapy have rapidly entered a new stage of d...Up to now,numerous emerging methods of cancer treatment including chemodynamic therapy,photothermal therapy,photodynamic therapy,sonodynamic therapy,immunotherapy and chemotherapy have rapidly entered a new stage of development.However,the single treatment mode is often constrained by the complex tumor microenvironment.Recently,the nanomaterials and nanomedicine have emerged as promising avenues to overcome the limitation in cancer theranostics.Especially,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have gained considerable interests in cancer therapy because of their customizable morphologies,easy functionalization,large specific surface area,and good biocompatibility.Among these MOFs,iron-based MOFs(Fe-MOFs)are particularly promising for cancer treatment due to their properties as nano-photosensitizers,peroxidase-like activity,bioimaging contrast capabilities,and biodegradability.Utilizing their structural regularity and synthetic tunability,Fe-MOFs can be engineered to incorporate organic molecules or other inorganic nanoparticles,thereby creating multifunctional nanoplatforms for single or combined theranostic modes.Herein,the minireview focuses on the recent advancements of the Fe-MOFs-based nanoplatforms for self-enhanced imaging and treatment at tumor sites.Furthermore,the clinical research development of Fe-MOFs-based nanoplatforms is discussed,addressing key challenges and innovations for the future.Our review aims to provide novice researchers with a foundational understanding of advanced cancer theranostic modes and promote their clinical applications through the modification of Fe-MOFs.展开更多
Acute lung injury(ALI)is a serious clinical condition with a high mortality rate.Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of ALI.ONOO^(−)is a key mediator that exacerbates oxi...Acute lung injury(ALI)is a serious clinical condition with a high mortality rate.Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of ALI.ONOO^(−)is a key mediator that exacerbates oxidative damage and microvascular permeability in ALI.Accurate detection of ONOO^(−)would facilitate early diagnosis and intervention in ALI.Near-infrared fluorescence(NIRF)probes offer new solutions due to their sensitivity,depth of tissue penetration,and imaging capabilities.However,the developed ONOO^(−)fluorescent probes face problems such as interference from other reactive oxygen species and easy intracellular diffusion.To address these issues,we introduced an innovative self-immobilizing NIRF probe,DCI2F-OTf,which was capable of monitoring ONOO^(−)in vitro and in vivo.Importantly,leveraging the high reactivity of the methylene quinone(QM)intermediate,DCI2F-OTf was able to covalently label proteins in the presence of ONOO^(−),enabling in situ imaging.In mice models of ALI,DCI2F-OTf enabled real-time imaging of ONOO^(−)levels and found that ONOO^(−)was tightly correlated with the progression of ALI.Our findings demonstrated that DCI2F-OTf was a promising chemical tool for the detection of ONOO^(−),which could help to gain insight into the pathogenesis of ALI and monitor treatment efficacy.展开更多
Donor-acceptor(D-A)compounds are particularly important in optoelectronic and biological applications.However,they are normally synthesized in the presence of transition metal catalysts.Herein,we report a metal-free m...Donor-acceptor(D-A)compounds are particularly important in optoelectronic and biological applications.However,they are normally synthesized in the presence of transition metal catalysts.Herein,we report a metal-free method by a complexmediated nucleophilic aromatic substitution of aryl nitriles with amines.The method can lead to rich D-A type aggregation-induced emission luminogens(AIEgens)with tunable properties.They emit from deep-blue to yellow-green and possess high photoluminescence quantum yields up to 70.5%in the aggregate state.Interestingly,the suppression of intramolecular flapping is proved to play an indispensable role in the AIE behavior,which is different from the mechanism met in other AIEgens.Moreover,the biocompatible AIEgens possess specific staining of lipid droplets in HeLa cells and the superiority of identifying fatty liver over traditional Oil Red O staining is exhibited.展开更多
The discovery of quantum dots(QDs)stands as one of the paramount technological breakthroughs of the 20th century.Their versatility spans from everyday applications to cutting-edge scientific research,encompassing area...The discovery of quantum dots(QDs)stands as one of the paramount technological breakthroughs of the 20th century.Their versatility spans from everyday applications to cutting-edge scientific research,encompassing areas such as displays,lighting,photocatalysis,bio-imaging,and photonics devices and so on.Among the myriad QDs technologies,industrially relevant CuInS_(2)(CIS)QDs have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional Cd-and Pb-based QDs.Their tunable optoelectronic properties,high absorption coefficient,compositional flexibility,remarkable stability as well as Restriction of Hazardous Substances-compliance,with recent trends revealing a renewed interest in this material for various visible and near-infrared technological applications.This review focuses on recent advancements in CIS QDs as multidisciplinary field from its genesis in the mid-1990 to date with an emphasis on key breakthroughs in their synthesis,surface chemistry,post-synthesis modifications,and various applications.First,the comparation of properties of CIS QDs with relevant knowledge from other classes of QDs and from Ⅰ-Ⅱ-Ⅲ semiconductors as well is summarized.Second,recent advances in the synthesis methods,structure-optoelectronic properties,their defects,and passivation strategies as well as CIS-based heterostructures are discussed.Third,the state-of-the-art applications of CIS QDs ranging from solar cells,luminescence solar concentrations,photocatalysis,light emitting diodes,bioimaging and some emerging applications are summarized.Finally,we discuss open challenges and future perspectives for further advancement in this field.展开更多
Carbon quantum dots(CQDs)have re-ceived increasing interest owing to their excellent optical and chemical characteristics,and high biocompatibil-ity.Herein,turmeric was employed as a carbon source to fabricate green C...Carbon quantum dots(CQDs)have re-ceived increasing interest owing to their excellent optical and chemical characteristics,and high biocompatibil-ity.Herein,turmeric was employed as a carbon source to fabricate green CQDs(named WT-JHCQDs)by hydrother-mal technique.The fluorescence of WT-JHCQDs is particularly stable at differ-ent pH and high concentrations of NaCl.Moreover,WT-JHCQDs exhibit low cytotoxicity,good antioxidant properties,and outstanding biocompatibility.The WT-JHCQDs possess protruding ability of cell imaging and bacteria imaging.This work provides a promising strat-egy for designing excellent fluorescent probes for bioimaging.展开更多
Three-dimensional (3D) visualization of dynamic biological processes in deep tissue remains challenging due to the trade-off between temporal resolution and imaging depth. Here, we present a novel near-infrared-II (NI...Three-dimensional (3D) visualization of dynamic biological processes in deep tissue remains challenging due to the trade-off between temporal resolution and imaging depth. Here, we present a novel near-infrared-II (NIR-II, 900–1880nm) fluorescence volumetric microscopic imaging method that combines an electrically tunable lens (ETL) with deep learning approaches for rapid 3D imaging. The technology achieves volumetric imaging at 4.2 frames per second (fps) across a 200 μm depth range in live mouse brain vasculature. Two specialized neural networks are utilized: a scale-recurrent network (SRN) for image enhancement and a cerebral vessel interpolation (CVI) network that enables 16-fold axial upsampling. The SRN, trained on two-photon fluorescence microscopic data, improves both lateral and axial resolution of NIR-II fluorescence wide-field microscopic images. The CVI network, adapted from video interpolation techniques, generates intermediate frames between acquired axial planes, resulting in smooth and continuous 3D vessel reconstructions. Using this integrated system, we visualize and quantify blood flow dynamics in individual vessels and are capable of measuring blood velocity at different depths. This approach maintains high lateral resolution while achieving rapid volumetric imaging, and is particularly suitable for studying dynamic vascular processes in deep tissue. Our method demonstrates the potential of combining optical engineering with artificial intelligence to advance biological imaging capabilities.展开更多
Graphene-based nanomaterials(GBNs) have attracted increasing interests of the scientific community due to their unique physicochemical properties and their applications in biotechnology, biomedicine, bioengineering, d...Graphene-based nanomaterials(GBNs) have attracted increasing interests of the scientific community due to their unique physicochemical properties and their applications in biotechnology, biomedicine, bioengineering, disease diagnosis and therapy. Although a large amount of researches have been conducted on these novel nanomaterials, limited comprehensive reviews are published on their biomedical applications and potential environmental and human health effects. The present research aimed at addressing this knowledge gap by examining and discussing:(1) the history, synthesis,structural properties and recent developments of GBNs for biomedical applications;(2) GBNs uses as therapeutics,drug/gene delivery and antibacterial materials;(3) GBNs applications in tissue engineering and in research as biosensors and bioimaging materials; and(4) GBNs potential environmental effects and human health risks. It also discussed the perspectives and challenges associated with the biomedical applications of GBNs.展开更多
Persistent luminescence phosphors are a novel group of promising luminescent materials with afterglow properties after the stoppage of excitation.In the past decade,persistent luminescence nanoparticles(PLNPs)with int...Persistent luminescence phosphors are a novel group of promising luminescent materials with afterglow properties after the stoppage of excitation.In the past decade,persistent luminescence nanoparticles(PLNPs)with intriguing optical properties have attracted a wide range of attention in various areas.Especially in recent years,the development and applications in biomedical fields have been widely explored.Owing to the efficient elimination of the autofluorescence interferences from biotissues and the ultra-long near-infrared afterglow emission,many researches have focused on the manipulation of PLNPs in biosensing,cell tracking,bioimaging and cancer therapy.These achievements stimulated the growing interest in designing new types of PLNPs with desired superior characteristics and multiple functions.In this review,we summarize the works on synthesis methods,bioapplications,biomembrane modification and biosafety of PLNPs and highlight the recent advances in biosensing,imaging and imaging-guided therapy.We further discuss the new types of PLNPs as a newly emerged class of functional biomaterials for multiple applications.Finally,the remaining problems and challenges are discussed with suggestions and prospects for potential future directions in the biomedical applications.展开更多
The development of large-scale synthetic methods for high quality carbon quantum dots(CQDs) is fundamental to their applications.However,the macroscopic preparation and scale up synthetic of CQDs is still in its infan...The development of large-scale synthetic methods for high quality carbon quantum dots(CQDs) is fundamental to their applications.However,the macroscopic preparation and scale up synthetic of CQDs is still in its infancy.Here,we report a facile,green,kilogram-scale synthesis of high quality fluorescent CQDs derived from poplar leaves via a one-step hydrothermal method.Notably,the throughput of CQDs can reach a level up to as high as 1.4975 kg in one pot.The structure and properties of the as-prepared CQDs were assessed through TEM,XRD,XPS and various spectroscopic methods.The obtained high quality CQD s with a photoluminescent quantum yield of 10.64% showed remarkable stability in aqueous media,rich functional groups,high photostability,consistent photoluminescence within biological pH range and low cytotoxicity.On account of these good properties,we demonstrated the multifunctional application to electrocatalytic water splitting,Fe^3+ sensing and bioimaging.It showed remarkable electrocatalytic activity,Fe^3+ sensitivity and good biocompatibility.This study provides a green,facile,inexpensive and large-scale method for producing high quality CQDs,which provides application value for large-scale production of CQDs.展开更多
Formaldehyde, as one of the simplest reactive carbonyl species（RCS）, is regarded as a potential carcinogen and a sick house syndrome gas. Recent studies have shown that abnormally high levels of formaldehyde may res...Formaldehyde, as one of the simplest reactive carbonyl species（RCS）, is regarded as a potential carcinogen and a sick house syndrome gas. Recent studies have shown that abnormally high levels of formaldehyde may result in cognitive decline and spatial memory deficits, asthmatic symptoms,Alzheimer＇s disease, and cancer. Due to the harmfulness of high levels of formaldehyde in nature and humans, it is of great significance to further elucidate the roles and functions of formaldehyde by a noninvasive detection approach. Fluorescence imaging has become a powerful and popular tool in monitoring bio-species owing to their high sensitivity and selectivity, excellent spatiotemporal resolution and non-invasion nature. Therefore, fluorescent probes are widely applied to track and detect formaldehyde in vitro and in vivo which have attracted more and more interest recently. This review focuses on various strategies to design the fluorescent probes for detecting formaldehyde based on different recognition groups.展开更多
Persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) are a series of emerging luminescent nanomaterials which can emit persistently after ceasing the external excitation. Due to the long decay time of persistent luminescence...Persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) are a series of emerging luminescent nanomaterials which can emit persistently after ceasing the external excitation. Due to the long decay time of persistent luminescence, the background autofluorescence in complex sample and tissues can be effectively eliminated, thus significantly improving the sensitivity of bioanalysis. Besides, such a long decay time of luminescence also makes PLNPs valuable for long-term bioimaging. Benefiting from these merits, PLNPs have been widely used for biomedical applications, especially biosensing and bioimaging. In this review,we conclude the progress in the application of PLNPs at biosensing and bioimaging in recent years, and also provide our understanding of the prospects.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 82061148012, 82027806, 91753106)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFA0205300)+1 种基金the Primary Research & Development Plan of Jiangsu Province (No. BE2019716)the program of China Scholarships Council (No. 202006090323)。
文摘The five-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer is less than 5%. However, the current clinical multimodal therapy combined with first-line chemotherapy drugs only increases the patient’s median survival from 5.0 months to 7.2 months. Consequently, a new strategy of cancer treatments is urgently needed to overcome this high-fatality disease. Through a series of biometric analyses, we found that KRAS is highly expressed in the tumor of pancreatic cancer patients, and this high expression is closely related to the poor prognosis of patients. It shows that inhibiting the expression of KRAS has great potential in gene therapy for pancreatic cancer. Given those above, we have exploited the possibility of targeted delivery of KRAS shRNA with the intelligent and bio-responsive nanomedicine to detect the special oxidative stress microenvironment of cancer cells and realize efficient cancer theranostics. Our observations demonstrate that by designing the smart self-assembled nanocapsules of melanin with fluorescent nanoclusters we can readily achieve the bio-recognition and bioimaging of cancer cells in biological solution or serum.The self-assembled nanocapsules can make a significant bio-response to the oxidative stress microenvironment of cancer cells and generate fluorescent zinc oxide Nanoclusters in situ for targeted cell bioimaging. Moreover, it can also readily facilitate cancer cell suppression through the targeted delivery of KRAS shRNA and low-temperature hyperthermia. This raises the possibility to provide a promising theranostics platform and self-assembled nanomedicine for targeted cancer diagnostics and treatments through special oxidative stress-responsive effects of cancer cells.
文摘Subcellular localization of proteins can provide key hints to infer their functions and structures in cells. With the breakthrough of recent molecule imaging techniques, the usage of 2D bioimages has become increasingly popular in automatically analyzing the protein subcellular location pat- terns. Compared with the widely used protein 1D amino acid sequence data, the images of protein distribution are more intuitive and interpretable, making the images a better choice at many applications for revealing the dynamic char- acteristics of proteins, such as detecting protein translocation and quantification of proteins. In this paper, we systemati- cally reviewed the recent progresses in the field of automated image-based protein subcellular location prediction, and clas- sified them into four categories including growing of bioim- age databases, description of subcellular location distribution patterns, classification methods, and applications of the pre- diction systems. Besides, we also discussed some potential directions in this field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82272067,81974386,M-0696,and 82273486)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2022JJ80052,2024JJ6596)the Innovation Fund for Postgraduate Students of Central South University(No.2023ZZTS0841)。
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide,exhibiting high morbidity and mortality.Lack of efficient tools for early diagnosis and surgical resection guidance of CRC have been a serious threat to the long-term survival rate of the CRC patients.Recent studies have shown that relative higher viscosity was presented in tumor cells compared to that in normal cells,leading to viscosity as a potential biomarker for CRC.Herein,we reported the development of a series of novel viscosity-sensitive and mitochondria-specific fluorescent probes(HTB,HTI,and HTP)for CRC detection.Among them,HTB showed high sensitivity,minimal background interference,low cytotoxicity,and significant viscous response capability,making it an ideal tool for distinguishing colorectal tumor cells from normal cells.Importantly,we have successfully utilized HTB to visualize in a CRC-cells-derived xenograft(CDX)model,enriching its medical imaging capacity,which laid a foundation for further clinical translational application.
基金financial support by Talent Introduction Research Initiation Fund of Shanxi Bethune Hospital(2022RC04)Basic Research Program Youth Science Research Project of Shanxi province(202203021212096)+1 种基金Shanxi Province Clinical Theranostics Technology Innovation Center for Immunologic and Rheumatic Diseases(CXZX-202302)Research Project Plan of Shanxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2023ZYYB2021)。
文摘Carbon dots(CDs)are fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials with sizes smal-ler than 10 nm,that are renowned for their exceptional properties,including superior anti-photobleaching,excellent biocompatibility,and minimal toxicity,which have received sig-nificant interest.Near-infrared(NIR)light has emerged as an ideal light source in the biolo-gical field due to its advantages of minimal scattering and absorption,long wavelength emission,increased tissue penetration,and reduced interference from biological back-grounds.CDs with efficient absorption and/or emission characteristics in the NIR spectrum have shown remarkable promise in the biomedical uses.This study provides a comprehens-ive overview of the preparation methods and wavelength modulation strategies for near-in-frared CDs and reviews research progress in their use in the areas of biosensing,bioimaging,and therapy.It also discusses current challenges and clinical prospects,aimed at deepening our understanding of the subject and promoting further advances in this field.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFA0913600)the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX23-1480)H. Liao and Q. Meng contributed equally to this work.
文摘Optical imaging in vivo holds significant implications for disease diagnosis, and nanoprobes with near-infrared (NIR) emission leverage the deep tissue penetration and high spatiotemporal resolution provided by NIR light, demonstrating considerable application potential. This study presents the design and synthesis of three nitrogen-doped boron–dipyrrin (Aza-BODIPY) molecules: Aza–BDP–OCH_(3), Aza–BDP–OH, and Aza–BDP-I. Leveraging the strong electron-accepting properties of the Aza-BODIPY core, we developed a donor–acceptor–donor (D-A-D) structure for Aza–BDP–OCH_(3) through modifications with triphenylamine and methoxy groups, resulting in NIR fluorescence. Aza–BDP–OH was obtained via demethylation using boron tribromide, whereas Aza–BDP-I was synthesized by introducing iodine into Aza–BDP–OCH_(3). These three molecules self-assemble with the amphiphilic polymer PMHC18-mPEG to form nanoparticles (NPs), yielding optical nanoprobes. The resulting NPs exhibit NIR emission, good water solubility, and biocompatibility. At a concentration of 100 μg·mL^(-1), these NPs demonstrate low biological toxicity, highlighting their potential for biological applications. Following tail vein injection, Aza–BDP-I NPs accumulate in tumors and effectively illuminate them via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Furthermore, these organic NPs were metabolized by the liver. Therefore, Aza-BODIPY-based NIR fluorescent NPs offer a promising platform for the development of in vivo optical nanoprobes.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22101267 and 82103686)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(202300410477 and 24230042123)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2021M692905 and 2024T170832).
文摘The application of aggregation-induced emission(AIE)materials in biological imaging holds multiple significances,including improving detection sensitivity and specificity,optimizing the imaging process,expanding the scope of application,and promoting advancements in biomedical research.In this work,the propeller ligand was constructed through McMurry coupling reaction and Suzuki coupling reaction by using dimethoxybenzophenone as the starting material.Then,an imine condensation reaction was carried out in chloroform solution,using a 3:2 molar ratio of precursor to tri(2-aminoethyl)amine to synthesize C3 symmetric porous organic cage CB.The structures of the compounds were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR),electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(ESI-MS)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).The optical investigation results reveal that ligand L-B and the porous organic cage C_(B) demonstrate remarkable aggregation-induced emission(AIE)properties in a tetrahydrofuran/water mixed solvent system,along with a pronounced response to tetrahydrofuran vapor stimuli.Consequently,Furthermore,given its unique cage-like structure,high quantum yield,and outstanding AIE behavior,the porous organic cage C_(B) holds promise for applications in cell imaging.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22277104,22325703,22074084)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(No.202203021212184)+3 种基金Research Project supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2022-002)the Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province(Free Exploration)(No.202203021221009)2022 Lvliang City science and technology plan project(Nos.2022SHFZ51,2022GXYF15)Scientific Instrument Center of Shanxi University(No.201512)。
文摘Excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer(ESIPT)based fluorescence probes are particularly attractive due to their unique properties including environmental sensitivity,a large Stokes shift,and potential for ratiometric sensing.In general,ESIPT-based fluorophore incorporates an intramolecular hydrogen bonding interaction between a hydrogen bond donor(-OH and NH_(2)are common)and a hydrogen bond acceptor(C=N and C=O).More,protection-deprotection of hydroxyl group as hydrogen bond donor could induce an off-on switch of ESIPT-based emission.Therefore,protection-deprotection of hydroxyl group has been the widely used strategy to design fluorescent probes,where the potential key issue is selecting a protective group that can specifically leave in the presence of the target analyte.In this review,we mainly summarize the specific protecting groups(sites)and deprotection mechanisms for biologically important species(including reactive sulfur species(RSS),reactive oxygen species(ROS),enzymes,etc.),and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different protection mechanisms from some aspects including probe stability,selectivity,response rate and assay system,etc.Based on the aforementioned,we further point out the current challenges and the potential future direction for developing ESIPT-based probes.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32121005,22225805,22308101,and 32394001)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(No.23J21901600)+2 种基金Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism(Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,No.2021 Sci&Tech 03-28)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M701199)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.23ZR1416600).
文摘Singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2)),as the primary reactive oxygen species in photodynamic therapy,can effectively induce excessive oxidative stress to ablate tumors and kill germs in clinical treatment.However,monitoring endogenous^(1)O_(2)is greatly challenging due to its extremely short lifetime and high reactivity in biological condition.Herein,we report an ultra-high signal-to-ratio near-infrared chemiluminescent probe(DCMCy)for the precise detection of endogenous^(1)O_(2)during photodynamic therapy(PDT).The methoxy moiety was removed from enolether unit in DCM-Cy to suppress the potential self-photooxidation reaction,thus greatly eliminating the photoinduced background signals during PDT.Additionally,the compact cyclobutane modification of DCM-Cy resulted in a significant 6-fold increase in cell permeability compared to conventional adamantane-dioxane probes.Therefore,our“step-by-step”strategy for DCM-Cy addressed the limitations of traditional chemiluminescent(CL)probes for^(1)O_(2),enabling effectively tracking of endogenous^(1)O_(2)level changes in living cells,pathogenic bacteria and mice in PDT.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22301039,22405043 and 22401048)the Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology(Nos.2024J01451,2024J08047 and 2024N0059).
文摘Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)represent an innovative category of crystalline porous materials,formed through the self-assembly of organic building blocks via intermolecular hydrogen bonds,along with supplementary interactions such asπ-πstacking and van der Waals forces.The relatively weak nature of hydrogen bonding endows HOFs with remarkable structural flexibility and a wide range of functional potential.Among them,luminescent HOFs(LHOFs)not only preserve the inherent luminescent properties of their organic fluorophore components but also exhibit key features characteristic of HOF materials,including porosity,recyclability,solution processability,and exceptional biocompatibility.This review outlines the design principles of LHOFs and explores their most recent applications,such as in sensing,bioimaging,and white-light emission.Lastly,we discuss current challenges and provide an outlook on future research directions in this field.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFD2200602)111 Project(No.B20088)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52202345 and 31930076)the Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program(Tree Genetics and Breeding Innovation Team)。
文摘Up to now,numerous emerging methods of cancer treatment including chemodynamic therapy,photothermal therapy,photodynamic therapy,sonodynamic therapy,immunotherapy and chemotherapy have rapidly entered a new stage of development.However,the single treatment mode is often constrained by the complex tumor microenvironment.Recently,the nanomaterials and nanomedicine have emerged as promising avenues to overcome the limitation in cancer theranostics.Especially,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have gained considerable interests in cancer therapy because of their customizable morphologies,easy functionalization,large specific surface area,and good biocompatibility.Among these MOFs,iron-based MOFs(Fe-MOFs)are particularly promising for cancer treatment due to their properties as nano-photosensitizers,peroxidase-like activity,bioimaging contrast capabilities,and biodegradability.Utilizing their structural regularity and synthetic tunability,Fe-MOFs can be engineered to incorporate organic molecules or other inorganic nanoparticles,thereby creating multifunctional nanoplatforms for single or combined theranostic modes.Herein,the minireview focuses on the recent advancements of the Fe-MOFs-based nanoplatforms for self-enhanced imaging and treatment at tumor sites.Furthermore,the clinical research development of Fe-MOFs-based nanoplatforms is discussed,addressing key challenges and innovations for the future.Our review aims to provide novice researchers with a foundational understanding of advanced cancer theranostic modes and promote their clinical applications through the modification of Fe-MOFs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22264013,21961010)Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(Nos.ZDYF2021SHFZ219,ZDYF2022SHFZ037)+4 种基金Special Funds of S&T Cooperation and Exchange Projects of Shanxi Province(No.202204041101040)Natural Science Research Talent Project of Hainan Medical University(No.JBGS202101)Postgraduate Innovative Research Project of Hainan(No.Qhys2021-384)Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center(2021)Project for Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging Science Innovation Group of Hainan Medical University.
文摘Acute lung injury(ALI)is a serious clinical condition with a high mortality rate.Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of ALI.ONOO^(−)is a key mediator that exacerbates oxidative damage and microvascular permeability in ALI.Accurate detection of ONOO^(−)would facilitate early diagnosis and intervention in ALI.Near-infrared fluorescence(NIRF)probes offer new solutions due to their sensitivity,depth of tissue penetration,and imaging capabilities.However,the developed ONOO^(−)fluorescent probes face problems such as interference from other reactive oxygen species and easy intracellular diffusion.To address these issues,we introduced an innovative self-immobilizing NIRF probe,DCI2F-OTf,which was capable of monitoring ONOO^(−)in vitro and in vivo.Importantly,leveraging the high reactivity of the methylene quinone(QM)intermediate,DCI2F-OTf was able to covalently label proteins in the presence of ONOO^(−),enabling in situ imaging.In mice models of ALI,DCI2F-OTf enabled real-time imaging of ONOO^(−)levels and found that ONOO^(−)was tightly correlated with the progression of ALI.Our findings demonstrated that DCI2F-OTf was a promising chemical tool for the detection of ONOO^(−),which could help to gain insight into the pathogenesis of ALI and monitor treatment efficacy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22275072 and 62105184)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2020A1515010622)+1 种基金the Project of Science and Technology of Guangzhou(2024A04J3712)the Teli Young Scholar Program of Beijing Institute of Technology.
文摘Donor-acceptor(D-A)compounds are particularly important in optoelectronic and biological applications.However,they are normally synthesized in the presence of transition metal catalysts.Herein,we report a metal-free method by a complexmediated nucleophilic aromatic substitution of aryl nitriles with amines.The method can lead to rich D-A type aggregation-induced emission luminogens(AIEgens)with tunable properties.They emit from deep-blue to yellow-green and possess high photoluminescence quantum yields up to 70.5%in the aggregate state.Interestingly,the suppression of intramolecular flapping is proved to play an indispensable role in the AIE behavior,which is different from the mechanism met in other AIEgens.Moreover,the biocompatible AIEgens possess specific staining of lipid droplets in HeLa cells and the superiority of identifying fatty liver over traditional Oil Red O staining is exhibited.
基金X.H.acknowledges the financial support by Australian Research Council(ARC)Future Fellowship(FT190100756)M.P.S.gratefully acknowledges the support by the ARC under Discovery Early Career Researcher Award(DECRA)(DE210101565)and Discovery Project(DP230101676).
文摘The discovery of quantum dots(QDs)stands as one of the paramount technological breakthroughs of the 20th century.Their versatility spans from everyday applications to cutting-edge scientific research,encompassing areas such as displays,lighting,photocatalysis,bio-imaging,and photonics devices and so on.Among the myriad QDs technologies,industrially relevant CuInS_(2)(CIS)QDs have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional Cd-and Pb-based QDs.Their tunable optoelectronic properties,high absorption coefficient,compositional flexibility,remarkable stability as well as Restriction of Hazardous Substances-compliance,with recent trends revealing a renewed interest in this material for various visible and near-infrared technological applications.This review focuses on recent advancements in CIS QDs as multidisciplinary field from its genesis in the mid-1990 to date with an emphasis on key breakthroughs in their synthesis,surface chemistry,post-synthesis modifications,and various applications.First,the comparation of properties of CIS QDs with relevant knowledge from other classes of QDs and from Ⅰ-Ⅱ-Ⅲ semiconductors as well is summarized.Second,recent advances in the synthesis methods,structure-optoelectronic properties,their defects,and passivation strategies as well as CIS-based heterostructures are discussed.Third,the state-of-the-art applications of CIS QDs ranging from solar cells,luminescence solar concentrations,photocatalysis,light emitting diodes,bioimaging and some emerging applications are summarized.Finally,we discuss open challenges and future perspectives for further advancement in this field.
基金supported by the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Guangxi Province(Gui Ke ZY22096010)Guangxi Nat-ural Science Fundation(2023GXNSFAA026181)BAGUI Scholar Program of Guangxi Province of Chi-na,and Middle-aged and Young Teachers’Basic Abili-ty Promotion Project of Guangxi(2022KY0376).
文摘Carbon quantum dots(CQDs)have re-ceived increasing interest owing to their excellent optical and chemical characteristics,and high biocompatibil-ity.Herein,turmeric was employed as a carbon source to fabricate green CQDs(named WT-JHCQDs)by hydrother-mal technique.The fluorescence of WT-JHCQDs is particularly stable at differ-ent pH and high concentrations of NaCl.Moreover,WT-JHCQDs exhibit low cytotoxicity,good antioxidant properties,and outstanding biocompatibility.The WT-JHCQDs possess protruding ability of cell imaging and bacteria imaging.This work provides a promising strat-egy for designing excellent fluorescent probes for bioimaging.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2024YFF1206700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U23A20487)the Hangzhou Chengxi Sci-tech Innovation Corridor Management Committee.
文摘Three-dimensional (3D) visualization of dynamic biological processes in deep tissue remains challenging due to the trade-off between temporal resolution and imaging depth. Here, we present a novel near-infrared-II (NIR-II, 900–1880nm) fluorescence volumetric microscopic imaging method that combines an electrically tunable lens (ETL) with deep learning approaches for rapid 3D imaging. The technology achieves volumetric imaging at 4.2 frames per second (fps) across a 200 μm depth range in live mouse brain vasculature. Two specialized neural networks are utilized: a scale-recurrent network (SRN) for image enhancement and a cerebral vessel interpolation (CVI) network that enables 16-fold axial upsampling. The SRN, trained on two-photon fluorescence microscopic data, improves both lateral and axial resolution of NIR-II fluorescence wide-field microscopic images. The CVI network, adapted from video interpolation techniques, generates intermediate frames between acquired axial planes, resulting in smooth and continuous 3D vessel reconstructions. Using this integrated system, we visualize and quantify blood flow dynamics in individual vessels and are capable of measuring blood velocity at different depths. This approach maintains high lateral resolution while achieving rapid volumetric imaging, and is particularly suitable for studying dynamic vascular processes in deep tissue. Our method demonstrates the potential of combining optical engineering with artificial intelligence to advance biological imaging capabilities.
基金supported by National Institutes of Heath NIMHD Grant # G12MD007581 through the RCMI Center for Environmental HealthNational Science Foundation Grant # HRD-1547754 through the CREST Center for Nanotoxicity Studies at Jackson State University
文摘Graphene-based nanomaterials(GBNs) have attracted increasing interests of the scientific community due to their unique physicochemical properties and their applications in biotechnology, biomedicine, bioengineering, disease diagnosis and therapy. Although a large amount of researches have been conducted on these novel nanomaterials, limited comprehensive reviews are published on their biomedical applications and potential environmental and human health effects. The present research aimed at addressing this knowledge gap by examining and discussing:(1) the history, synthesis,structural properties and recent developments of GBNs for biomedical applications;(2) GBNs uses as therapeutics,drug/gene delivery and antibacterial materials;(3) GBNs applications in tissue engineering and in research as biosensors and bioimaging materials; and(4) GBNs potential environmental effects and human health risks. It also discussed the perspectives and challenges associated with the biomedical applications of GBNs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21804109,31771577)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M633561)+2 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2019JQ-034,2018JM3027)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(G2018KY0304 and 3102017OQD047)the National Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(201810699376,201810699344,201910699028).
文摘Persistent luminescence phosphors are a novel group of promising luminescent materials with afterglow properties after the stoppage of excitation.In the past decade,persistent luminescence nanoparticles(PLNPs)with intriguing optical properties have attracted a wide range of attention in various areas.Especially in recent years,the development and applications in biomedical fields have been widely explored.Owing to the efficient elimination of the autofluorescence interferences from biotissues and the ultra-long near-infrared afterglow emission,many researches have focused on the manipulation of PLNPs in biosensing,cell tracking,bioimaging and cancer therapy.These achievements stimulated the growing interest in designing new types of PLNPs with desired superior characteristics and multiple functions.In this review,we summarize the works on synthesis methods,bioapplications,biomembrane modification and biosafety of PLNPs and highlight the recent advances in biosensing,imaging and imaging-guided therapy.We further discuss the new types of PLNPs as a newly emerged class of functional biomaterials for multiple applications.Finally,the remaining problems and challenges are discussed with suggestions and prospects for potential future directions in the biomedical applications.
基金financial support from Project funded by China postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2018M640681)
文摘The development of large-scale synthetic methods for high quality carbon quantum dots(CQDs) is fundamental to their applications.However,the macroscopic preparation and scale up synthetic of CQDs is still in its infancy.Here,we report a facile,green,kilogram-scale synthesis of high quality fluorescent CQDs derived from poplar leaves via a one-step hydrothermal method.Notably,the throughput of CQDs can reach a level up to as high as 1.4975 kg in one pot.The structure and properties of the as-prepared CQDs were assessed through TEM,XRD,XPS and various spectroscopic methods.The obtained high quality CQD s with a photoluminescent quantum yield of 10.64% showed remarkable stability in aqueous media,rich functional groups,high photostability,consistent photoluminescence within biological pH range and low cytotoxicity.On account of these good properties,we demonstrated the multifunctional application to electrocatalytic water splitting,Fe^3+ sensing and bioimaging.It showed remarkable electrocatalytic activity,Fe^3+ sensitivity and good biocompatibility.This study provides a green,facile,inexpensive and large-scale method for producing high quality CQDs,which provides application value for large-scale production of CQDs.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21676113, 21402057, 21472059, 81671803) Youth Chen-Guang Project of Wuhan(2016070204010098)+2 种基金 the 111 Project B17019the Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shenzhensupported by self-determined research funds of CCNU from the colleges’ basic research and operation of MOE (No. CCNU16A02004)
文摘Formaldehyde, as one of the simplest reactive carbonyl species（RCS）, is regarded as a potential carcinogen and a sick house syndrome gas. Recent studies have shown that abnormally high levels of formaldehyde may result in cognitive decline and spatial memory deficits, asthmatic symptoms,Alzheimer＇s disease, and cancer. Due to the harmfulness of high levels of formaldehyde in nature and humans, it is of great significance to further elucidate the roles and functions of formaldehyde by a noninvasive detection approach. Fluorescence imaging has become a powerful and popular tool in monitoring bio-species owing to their high sensitivity and selectivity, excellent spatiotemporal resolution and non-invasion nature. Therefore, fluorescent probes are widely applied to track and detect formaldehyde in vitro and in vivo which have attracted more and more interest recently. This review focuses on various strategies to design the fluorescent probes for detecting formaldehyde based on different recognition groups.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21675120)the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos. 2017YFA0208000, 2016YFF0100800)+2 种基金the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (No. BX20180223)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2015CB932600)the Ten Thousand Talents Program for Young Talents
文摘Persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) are a series of emerging luminescent nanomaterials which can emit persistently after ceasing the external excitation. Due to the long decay time of persistent luminescence, the background autofluorescence in complex sample and tissues can be effectively eliminated, thus significantly improving the sensitivity of bioanalysis. Besides, such a long decay time of luminescence also makes PLNPs valuable for long-term bioimaging. Benefiting from these merits, PLNPs have been widely used for biomedical applications, especially biosensing and bioimaging. In this review,we conclude the progress in the application of PLNPs at biosensing and bioimaging in recent years, and also provide our understanding of the prospects.
