Orbital fractures are a frequent and serious problem for practicing ophthalmologists. The complexity of the pathology is explained by the combined nature of the injuries(often associated with craniofacial injuries), m...Orbital fractures are a frequent and serious problem for practicing ophthalmologists. The complexity of the pathology is explained by the combined nature of the injuries(often associated with craniofacial injuries), multistage treatments, results that are often unsatisfactory, and a wide range of complaints about functional and cosmetic limitations. Over the years, significant progress has been made in the field of orbital reconstruction,allowing the transition from traditional methods using simple materials to innovative bioengineering solutions.This evolution has been driven by advances in surgical technologies, imaging techniques, and biomaterials aimed at optimizing the restoration of the shape and function of the orbital region. Traditional approaches are based on the use of autologous tissues such as bone grafts and muscle flaps, which provide biocompatibility and natural integration, but have limitations in terms of customization and accessibility. The advent of patient-specific implants and 3D printing technology has revolutionized the reconstruction of the orbit, allowing implants to be precisely adapted to a patient's anatomy. Biocompatible materials, such as porous polyethylene, titanium, and silicone, have become the basis for orbital reconstruction, ensuring durability and compatibility while minimizing long-term complications. Bioengineered solutions hold promise for further advancements in orbital reconstruction. We searched Pub Med, Cyberleninka, and other verified databases for published articles on orbital reconstruction reported in the literature between 1960 and January 2024. In this article, we consider the advantages and disadvantages of each category of reconstruction materials and provide up-to-date information on the methods for modifying their properties using modern processing technologies.展开更多
Shallow landslides can be mitigated through the hydro-mechanical reinforcement provided by vegetation. Several critical parameters, such as plant spacing and plant age, play a significant role in influencing bioengine...Shallow landslides can be mitigated through the hydro-mechanical reinforcement provided by vegetation. Several critical parameters, such as plant spacing and plant age, play a significant role in influencing bioengineered slope stability facilitated by vegetation. However, the coupling of these effects on the stability of vegetated slope has been ignored. The objective of this study is to investigate the hydro-mechanical impact of vegetation growth and spacing on the stability of bioengineered slopes based on the predictions of a calibrated numerical model against field measurements. The impact of vegetation is investigated, with specific attention given to different plant spacing and growth stages, utilizing Schefflera arboricola. In the context of rainfall, it was observed that younger vegetation demonstrated more effective matric suction retention and recovery up to 25 kPa compared to the aged vegetation. Vegetation was revealed to substantially enhance the factor of safety up to 0.3 compared to the bare slope. Plant growth and reducing plant spacing increased the impact of root systems on both hydraulic and mechanical stability, primarily attributable to the influence of root cohesion rather than transpiration rates. The results revealed that the mechanical contribution to the factor of safety enhancement was raised from one-third to two-thirds because of the vegetation-induced cohesion within the growing rooted zone.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)printing technology has opened a new paradigm to controllably and reproducibly fabricate bioengineered neural constructs for potential applications in repairing injured nervous tissues or producin...Three-dimensional(3D)printing technology has opened a new paradigm to controllably and reproducibly fabricate bioengineered neural constructs for potential applications in repairing injured nervous tissues or producing in vitro nervous tissue models.However,the complexity of nervous tissues poses great challenges to 3D-printed bioengineered analogues,which should possess diverse architectural/chemical/electrical functionalities to resemble the native growth microenvironments for functional neural regeneration.In this work,we provide a state-of-the-art review of the latest development of 3D printing for bioengineered neural constructs.Various 3D printing techniques for neural tissue-engineered scaffolds or living cell-laden constructs are summarized and compared in terms of their unique advantages.We highlight the advanced strategies by integrating topographical,biochemical and electroactive cues inside 3D-printed neural constructs to replicate in vivo-like microenvironment for functional neural regeneration.The typical applications of 3D-printed bioengineered constructs for in vivo repair of injured nervous tissues,bio-electronics interfacing with native nervous system,neural-on-chips as well as brain-like tissue models are demonstrated.The challenges and future outlook associated with 3D printing for functional neural constructs in various categories are discussed.展开更多
End stage liver diseases （ESLD） represent a major, neglected global public health crisis which requires an urgent action towards fnding a proper cure. Orthotro-pic liver transplantation has been the only definitive ...End stage liver diseases （ESLD） represent a major, neglected global public health crisis which requires an urgent action towards fnding a proper cure. Orthotro-pic liver transplantation has been the only definitive treatment modality for ESLD. However, shortage of donor organs, timely unavailability, post-surgery related complications and financial burden on the patients li-mits the number of patients receiving the transplants. Since last two decades cell-based therapies have revolu-tionized the feld of organ/tissue regeneration. However providing an alternative organ source to address the donor liver shortage still poses potential challenges. The developments made in this direction provide useful futuristic approaches, which could be translated into preclinical and clinical settings targeting appropriate applications in specific disease conditions. Earlier studies have demonstrated the applicability of this particular approach to generate functional organ in rodent system by connecting them with portal and hepatic circulatory networks. However, such strategy requires very high level of surgical expertise and also poses the technical and financial questions towards its future applicability. Hence, alternative sites for generating secondary organs are being tested in several types of disease conditions. Among different sites, omentum has been proved to be more appropriate site for implanting several kinds of functional tissue constructs without eliciting much immunological response. Hence, omentum may be con-sidered as better site for transplanting humanized bio-engineered ex vivo generated livers, thereby creating a secondary organ at intra-omental site. However, the expertise for generating such bioengineered organs are limited and only very few centres are involved for inve-stigating the potential use of such implants in clinical practice due to gap between the clinical transplant surgeons and basic scientists working on the concept evolution. Herein we discuss the recent advances and challenges to create functional secondary organs thr-ough intra-omental transplantation of ex vivo genera-ted bioengineered humanized livers and their further application in the management of ESLD as a supportive bridge for organ transplantation.展开更多
Bioengineered materials are used as a substitute in many fields of medicine,especially in plastic surgery and in burns.In ophthalmic plastic surgery they can be used for covering large tissue defects or as a tarsal pl...Bioengineered materials are used as a substitute in many fields of medicine,especially in plastic surgery and in burns.In ophthalmic plastic surgery they can be used for covering large tissue defects or as a tarsal plate substitute,in cases when it is not possible to use conventional surgical techniques.We have searched PubMed and Web of Science scientific databases.We can generally categorize skin substitutes by the type of tissue used-we distinguish autografts,allografts,and xenografts.There are also completely synthetic substitutes.The aim of our article was to summarize the current state of knowledge and to sum up all the clinical applications of bioengineered materials in the periocular region.There are only a few scientific articles about this topic and lack of prospective randomized studies aimed on use of bioengineered materials in periocular region.Nevertheless,there are many articles describing successful case reports or case reports series.According to literature,bioengineered materials are the most commonly used in big traumas or large surgical defects,especially in oculoplastic tumour surgery.Bioengineered dermal substitutes are not frequently used in the periocular region.Dermal substitutes are useful,when it is not possible to close the defect with any other conventional surgical technique.展开更多
In January of 2010 we will launch Bioengineered Bugs,the first international peerreviewed journal of its kind to focus on genetic engineering which involves the generation of recombinant strains(from higher plants and...In January of 2010 we will launch Bioengineered Bugs,the first international peerreviewed journal of its kind to focus on genetic engineering which involves the generation of recombinant strains(from higher plants and animals to bacteria,fungi and viruses)and their metabolic products for beneficial applications in food,medicine,industry,environment and bio-defense.Bioengineered Bugs boasts an impressive international Editorial Board,including展开更多
Extracellular vesicles(EVs)-based cell-free therapy,particularly stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles(SC-EVs),offers new insights into treating a series of neurological disorders and becomes a promising candidate ...Extracellular vesicles(EVs)-based cell-free therapy,particularly stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles(SC-EVs),offers new insights into treating a series of neurological disorders and becomes a promising candidate for alternative stem cell regenerative therapy.Currently,SC-EVs are considered direct therapeutic agents by themselves and/or dynamic delivery systems as they have a similar regenerative capacity of stem cells to promote neurogenesis and can easily load many functional small molecules to recipient cells in the central nervous system.Meanwhile,as non-living entities,SC-EVs avoid the uncontrollability and manufacturability limitations of live stem cell products in vivo(e.g.,low survival rate,immune response,and tumorigenicity)and in vitro(e.g.,restricted sources,complex preparation processes,poor quality control,low storage,shipping instability,and ethical controversy)by strict quality control system.Moreover,SC-EVs can be engineered or designed to enhance further overall yield,increase bioactivity,improve targeting,and extend their half-life.Here,this review provides an overview on the biological properties of SC-EVs,and the current progress in the strategies of native or bioengineered SC-EVs for nerve injury repairing is presented.Then we further summarize the challenges of recent research and perspectives for successful clinical application to advance SC-EVs from bench to bedside in neurological diseases.展开更多
AIM To develop appropriate humanized three-dimensional ex-vivo model system for drug testing. METHODS Bioengineered humanized livers were developed in this study using human hepatic stem cells repopulation within the ...AIM To develop appropriate humanized three-dimensional ex-vivo model system for drug testing. METHODS Bioengineered humanized livers were developed in this study using human hepatic stem cells repopulation within the acellularized liver scaffolds which mimics with the natural organ anatomy and physiology. Six cytochrome P-450 probes were used to enable efficient identification of drug metabolism in bioengineered humanized livers. The drug metabolism study in bioengineered livers was evaluated to identify the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity responses.RESULTS The bioengineered humanized livers showed cellular and molecular characteristics of human livers. The bioengineered liver showed three-dimensional natural architecture with intact vasculature and extra-cellular matrix. Human hepatic cells were engrafted similar to the human liver. Drug metabolism studies provided a suitable platform alternative to available ex-vivo and in vivo models for identifying cellular and molecular dynamics of pharmacological drugs.CONCLUSION The present study paves a way towards the development of suitable humanized preclinical model systems for pharmacological testing. This approach may reduce the cost and time duration of preclinical drug testing and further overcomes on the anatomical and physiological variations in xenogeneic systems.展开更多
Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are membrane-bound entities secreted by each cell,categorized as,exosomes,microvesicles or apoptotic bodies based on their size and biogenesis.They serve as promising vectors for drug delive...Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are membrane-bound entities secreted by each cell,categorized as,exosomes,microvesicles or apoptotic bodies based on their size and biogenesis.They serve as promising vectors for drug delivery due to their capacity to carry diverse molecular signatures reflective of their cell of origin.EV research has significantly advanced since their serendipitous discovery,with recent studies focusing on their roles in various diseases and their potential for targeted therapy.In liver diseases,EVs are particularly promising for precision medicine,providing diagnostic and therapeutic potential in conditions such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatohepatitis,hepatocellular carcinoma,alcoholic liver disease,liver fibrosis,and acute liver failure.Despite challenges in isolation and characterization,engineered EVs have shown efficacy in delivering therapeutic agents with improved targeting and reduced side effects.As research progresses,EVs hold great promise to revolutionize precision medicine in liver diseases,offering targeted,efficient,and versatile therapeutic options.In this review,we summarize various techniques for loading EVs with therapeutic cargo including both passive and active methods,and the potential of bioengineered EVs loaded with various molecules,such as miRNAs,proteins,and anti-inflammatory drugs in ameliorating clinical pathologies of liver diseases.展开更多
Metal-free carbon catalysts are promising alternatives to noble-metal electrocatalysts for H_(2)O_(2) production through two electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e−ORR).Herein,a novel bioengineering approach is propose...Metal-free carbon catalysts are promising alternatives to noble-metal electrocatalysts for H_(2)O_(2) production through two electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e−ORR).Herein,a novel bioengineering approach is proposed to prepare N-doped hollow carbon nanoboxes from guanine precursor.The optimized NC-HNBs-550 exhibits an exceptional electrocatalytic performance,achieving a high H_(2)O_(2) Faradaic efficiency(FE)of over 90%across a broad potential window exceeding 0.6 V.Remarkably,when tested in a flow cell configuration,NC-HNBs-550 delivers near-unity FE for H_(2)O_(2) production at industrial-grade current densities,demonstrating its practicality for scalable applications.Impressively,the in situ electro-synthesized H_(2)O_(2) is further employed as a green oxidant for rapid degradation of various organic dyes and even tetracyclines,and high-purity benzoyl peroxide(BPO)synthesis,highlighting its versatility in environmental and chemical applications.Combining experimental and theoretical analyses,we reveal that the superior 2e−ORR activity originates from the abundance of pyrrolic-N species in NC-HNBs,which optimize the adsorption energy of*OOH intermediates and promote selective O2 reduction.This work not only advances the rational design of biomass-derived carbon catalysts for sustainable H_(2)O_(2) production but also provides a versatile platform for environmental remediation and value-added chemical production.展开更多
Diabetic wounds are among the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and their healing process can be delayed due to persistent inflammatory reactions,bacterial infections,damaged vascularization and impaired ...Diabetic wounds are among the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and their healing process can be delayed due to persistent inflammatory reactions,bacterial infections,damaged vascularization and impaired cell proliferation,which casts a blight on patients’health and quality of life.Therefore,new strategies to accelerate diabetic wound healing are being positively explored.Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells(MSC-Exos)can inherit the therapeutic and reparative abilities of stem cells and play a crucial role in diabetic wound healing.However,poor targeting,low concentrations of therapeutic molecules,easy removal from wounds and limited yield of MSC-Exos are challenging for clinical applications.Bioengineering techniques have recently gained attention for their ability to enhance the efficacy and yield of MSC-Exos.In this review,we summarise the role of MSC-Exos in diabetic wound healing and focus on three bioengineering strategies,namely,parental MSC-Exos engineering,direct MSCExos engineering and MSC-Exos combined with biomaterials.Furthermore,the application of bioengineered MSC-Exos in diabetic wound healing is reviewed.Finally,we discuss the future prospects of bioengineered MSC-Exos,providing new insights into the exploration of therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Diabetic foot ulcers(DFUs)represents a significant public health issue,with a rising global prevalence and severe potential complications including amputation.Traditional treatments often fall short due to various lim...Diabetic foot ulcers(DFUs)represents a significant public health issue,with a rising global prevalence and severe potential complications including amputation.Traditional treatments often fall short due to various limitations such as high recurrence rates and extensive resource utilization.This editorial explores the innovative use of acellular fish skin grafts as a transformative approach in DFU management.Recent studies and a detailed case report highlight the efficacy of acellular fish skin grafts in accelerating wound closure,reducing dressing changes,and enhancing patient outcomes with a lower socio-economic burden.Despite their promise,challenges such as limited availability,patient acceptance,and the need for further research persist.Addressing these through more extensive randomized controlled trials and fostering a multidisciplinary treatment approach may optimize DFU care and reduce the global health burden associated with these complex wounds.展开更多
Bioengineered organs have been seen as a promising strategy to address the shortage of transplantable organs.However,it is still difficult to achieve heterogeneous structures and complex functions similar to natural o...Bioengineered organs have been seen as a promising strategy to address the shortage of transplantable organs.However,it is still difficult to achieve heterogeneous structures and complex functions similar to natural organs using current bioengineering techniques.This work introduces the methods and dilemmas in organ engineering and existing challenges.Furthermore,a new roadmap for organ engineering,which uses a modular strategy with autologous bioreactors to create organ-level bioengineered constructions,is summarized based on the latest research advances.In brief,different functional modules of natural organs are constructed in vitro,and autologous bioreactors in vivo are utilized to facilitate inter-module assembly to form a complete bioengineered organ capable of replacing natural organ functions.There are bioengineered organs,such as biomimetic tracheas,which have been successfully fabricated following this roadmap.This new roadmap for organ engineering shows prospects in addressing the shortage of transplantable organs and has broad prospects for clinical applications.展开更多
Drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and nuclear receptors are essential for the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion(ADME) of drugs and xenobiotics. MicroRNAs participate in the regulation of ADME ...Drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and nuclear receptors are essential for the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion(ADME) of drugs and xenobiotics. MicroRNAs participate in the regulation of ADME gene expression via imperfect complementary Watson–Crick base pairings with target transcripts. We have previously reported that Cytochrome P450 3A4(CYP3A4) and ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2(ABCG2) are regulated by miR-27b-3p and miR-328-3p,respectively. Here we employed our newly established RNA bioengineering technology to produce bioengineered RNA agents(BERA), namely BERA/miR-27b-3p and BERA/miR-328-3p, via fermentation. When introduced into human cells, BERA/miR-27b-3p and BERA/miR-328-3p were selectively processed to target miRNAs and thus knock down CYP3A4 and ABCG2 mRNA and their protein levels,respectively, as compared to cells treated with vehicle or control RNA. Consequently, BERA/miR-27b-3p led to a lower midazolam 10-hydroxylase activity, indicating the reduction of CYP3A4 activity. Likewise,BERA/miR-328-3p treatment elevated the intracellular accumulation of anticancer drug mitoxantrone, a classic substrate of ABCG2, hence sensitized the cells to chemotherapy. The results indicate that biologic miRNA agents made by RNA biotechnology may be applied to research on miRNA functions in the regulation of drug metabolism and disposition that could provide insights into the development of more effective therapies.展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs or miRs)are small noncoding RNAs derived from genome to control target gene expression.Recently we have developed a novel platform permitting high-yield production of bioengineered miRNA agents(BERA)....MicroRNAs(miRNAs or miRs)are small noncoding RNAs derived from genome to control target gene expression.Recently we have developed a novel platform permitting high-yield production of bioengineered miRNA agents(BERA).This study is to produce and utilize novel fully-humanized BERA/miR-3’28-3p molecule(hBERA/miR-3’28)to delineate the role of miR-328-3p in controlling nutrient uptake essential for cell metabolism.We first demonstrated successful high-level expression of hBERA/miR-328 in bacteria and purification to high degree of homogeneity(>98%).Biologic miR-328-3p prodrug was selectively processed to miR-328-3p to suppress the growth of highly-proliferative human osteosarcoma(OS)cells.Besides glucose transporter protein type 1,gene symbol solute carrier family 2 member 1(GUJTHSLC2A1),we identified and verified large neutral amino acid transporter 1,gene symbol solute carrier family 7 member 5(LPAT1/SLC7A5)as a direct target for miR-3’28-3p.While reduction of LAT1 protein levels by miR-3’28-3p did not alter homeostasis of amino acids within OS cells,suppression of GLUT1 led to a significantly lower glucose uptake and decline in intracellular levels of glucose and glycolytic metabolite lactate.Moreover,combination treatment with hBERA/miR-3’28 and cisplatin or doxorubicin exerted a strong synergism in the inhibition of OS cell proliferation.These findings support the utility of novel bioengineered RNA molecules and establish an important role of miR-328-3p in the control of nutrient transport and homeostasis behind cancer metabolism.展开更多
Immunotherapy is emerging as a powerful tool for combating many human diseases.However,the application of this life-saving treatment in serious brain diseases,including glioma,is greatly restricted.The major obstacle ...Immunotherapy is emerging as a powerful tool for combating many human diseases.However,the application of this life-saving treatment in serious brain diseases,including glioma,is greatly restricted.The major obstacle is the lack of effective technologies for transporting therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier(BBB)and achieving targeted delivery to specific cells once across the BBB.Ferritin,an iron storage protein,traverses the BBB via receptor-mediated transcytosis by binding to transferrin receptor 1(TfR1)overexpressed on BBB endothelial cells.Here,we developed bioengineered ferritin nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers that enable the targeted delivery of a small-molecule immunomodulator to achieve enhanced immunotherapeutic efficacy in an orthotopic glioma-bearing mouse model.We fused different glioma-targeting moieties on self-assembled ferritin nanoparticles via genetic engineering,and RGE fusion protein nanoparticles(RGE-HFn NPs)were identified as the best candidate.Furthermore,RGE-HFn NPs encapsulating a stimulator of interferon genes(STING)agonist(SR717@RGE-HFn NPs)maintained stable self-assembled structure and targeting properties even after traversing the BBB.In the glioma-bearing mouse model,SR717@RGE-HFn NPs elicited a potent local innate immune response in the tumor microenvironment,resulting in significant tumor growth inhibition and prolonged survival.Overall,this biomimetic brain delivery platform offers new opportunities to overcome the BBB and provides a promising approach for brain drug delivery and immunotherapy in patients with glioma.展开更多
Spinal cord injury results in the loss of sensory,motor,and autonomic functions,which almost always produces permanent physical disability.Thus,in the search for more effective treatments than those already applied fo...Spinal cord injury results in the loss of sensory,motor,and autonomic functions,which almost always produces permanent physical disability.Thus,in the search for more effective treatments than those already applied for years,which are not entirely efficient,researches have been able to demonstrate the potential of biological strategies using biomaterials to tissue manufacturing through bioengineering and stem cell therapy as a neuroregenerative approach,seeking to promote neuronal recovery after spinal cord injury.Each of these strategies has been developed and meticulously evaluated in several animal models with the aim of analyzing the potential of interventions for neuronal repair and,consequently,boosting functional recovery.Although the majority of experimental research has been conducted in rodents,there is increasing recognition of the importance,and need,of evaluating the safety and efficacy of these interventions in non-human primates before moving to clinical trials involving therapies potentially promising in humans.This article is a literature review from databases(PubMed,Science Direct,Elsevier,Scielo,Redalyc,Cochrane,and NCBI)from 10 years ago to date,using keywords(spinal cord injury,cell therapy,non-human primates,humans,and bioengineering in spinal cord injury).From 110 retrieved articles,after two selection rounds based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,21 articles were analyzed.Thus,this review arises from the need to recognize the experimental therapeutic advances applied in non-human primates and even humans,aimed at deepening these strategies and identifying the advantages and influence of the results on extrapolation for clinical applicability in humans.展开更多
In recent years,increasing attention has been paid to bioengineered bacteria as vectors for the treatment of allergic diseases.The methods for preparing bioengineered bacteria that can express exogenous genes are impr...In recent years,increasing attention has been paid to bioengineered bacteria as vectors for the treatment of allergic diseases.The methods for preparing bioengineered bacteria that can express exogenous genes are improving.Research has focused mainly on application of bioengineered bacteria expressing recombinant allergens,hypoallergenic derivatives of allergens,T-cell epitope derivatives,cytokines,or as mucosal adjuvants to enhance immunotherapy effects.This strategy offers new ideas for the treatment of allergic diseases.This review summarizes recent advances in use of live bioengineered bacteria in allergic diseases as well as the challenges of using microorganisms(or their components)in immunotherapy.展开更多
Peripheral nerve injury(PNI)is a common disease that is difficult to nerve regeneration with current therapies.Fortunately,Zou et al demonstrated the role and mechanism of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells(BM...Peripheral nerve injury(PNI)is a common disease that is difficult to nerve regeneration with current therapies.Fortunately,Zou et al demonstrated the role and mechanism of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)in promoting nerve regeneration,revealing broad prospects for BMSCs trans-plantation in alleviating PNI.We confirmed the fact that BMSCs significantly alleviate PNI,but there are shortcomings such as low cell survival rate and immune rejection,which limit the wide application of BMSCs.BMSCs-derived exosomes(Exos)are considered as a promising cell-free nanomedicine for PNI,avoiding the ethical issues of BMSCs.Exos in combination with bioengineering therapeutics(including extracellular matrix,hydrogel)brings new hope for PNI,provides a favorable microenvironment for neurological restoration and a therapeutic strategy with a favorable safety profile,significantly increases ex-pression of neurotrophic factors,promotes axonal and myelin regeneration,and demonstrates a strong potential to enhance neurogenesis.Therefore,engineered Exos exhibit better properties,such as stronger targeting and more beneficial components.This article briefly describes the role of nanotechnology and bioe-ngineering therapies for BMSCs in PNI,proposes clinical application prospects and challenges of nanotechnology and bioengineering BMSCs-derived Exos in PNI to improve the efficacy of BMSCs in the treatment of PNI.展开更多
The rapid advancement of the bioeconomy imposes increasingly stringent demands on bioengineering education.Drawing on data from the 2025 Chinese Undergraduate Employment Report and related sources,this study revealed ...The rapid advancement of the bioeconomy imposes increasingly stringent demands on bioengineering education.Drawing on data from the 2025 Chinese Undergraduate Employment Report and related sources,this study revealed that while employment placement rates for bioengineering graduates remain stable,starting salaries exhibit limited growth and career trajectories lack clarity.These challenges originate from a curriculum lagging behind technological progress,inadequate practical training,and a mismatch between student competencies and industry expectations.To address these issues,this paper proposed a strategic framework grounded in"demand-driven design,industry-education integration,and competence-centered development".Key strategies include dynamic curriculum renewal,collaborative university-industry training,holistic competency development,and personalized student support,which collectively aim at enhancing graduates employment competitiveness and long-term professional sustainability.展开更多
文摘Orbital fractures are a frequent and serious problem for practicing ophthalmologists. The complexity of the pathology is explained by the combined nature of the injuries(often associated with craniofacial injuries), multistage treatments, results that are often unsatisfactory, and a wide range of complaints about functional and cosmetic limitations. Over the years, significant progress has been made in the field of orbital reconstruction,allowing the transition from traditional methods using simple materials to innovative bioengineering solutions.This evolution has been driven by advances in surgical technologies, imaging techniques, and biomaterials aimed at optimizing the restoration of the shape and function of the orbital region. Traditional approaches are based on the use of autologous tissues such as bone grafts and muscle flaps, which provide biocompatibility and natural integration, but have limitations in terms of customization and accessibility. The advent of patient-specific implants and 3D printing technology has revolutionized the reconstruction of the orbit, allowing implants to be precisely adapted to a patient's anatomy. Biocompatible materials, such as porous polyethylene, titanium, and silicone, have become the basis for orbital reconstruction, ensuring durability and compatibility while minimizing long-term complications. Bioengineered solutions hold promise for further advancements in orbital reconstruction. We searched Pub Med, Cyberleninka, and other verified databases for published articles on orbital reconstruction reported in the literature between 1960 and January 2024. In this article, we consider the advantages and disadvantages of each category of reconstruction materials and provide up-to-date information on the methods for modifying their properties using modern processing technologies.
基金ort provided by Iran National Science Foundation for“Experimental study of the hydromechanical behavior of rooted soils in green stabilization of unsaturated slopes”by way of grant No.4000730by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(no.16202422 and C6006-20G)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Shallow landslides can be mitigated through the hydro-mechanical reinforcement provided by vegetation. Several critical parameters, such as plant spacing and plant age, play a significant role in influencing bioengineered slope stability facilitated by vegetation. However, the coupling of these effects on the stability of vegetated slope has been ignored. The objective of this study is to investigate the hydro-mechanical impact of vegetation growth and spacing on the stability of bioengineered slopes based on the predictions of a calibrated numerical model against field measurements. The impact of vegetation is investigated, with specific attention given to different plant spacing and growth stages, utilizing Schefflera arboricola. In the context of rainfall, it was observed that younger vegetation demonstrated more effective matric suction retention and recovery up to 25 kPa compared to the aged vegetation. Vegetation was revealed to substantially enhance the factor of safety up to 0.3 compared to the bare slope. Plant growth and reducing plant spacing increased the impact of root systems on both hydraulic and mechanical stability, primarily attributable to the influence of root cohesion rather than transpiration rates. The results revealed that the mechanical contribution to the factor of safety enhancement was raised from one-third to two-thirds because of the vegetation-induced cohesion within the growing rooted zone.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52125501)OPEN Project (BHJ17C019)+4 种基金the Key Research Project of Shaanxi Province (2021LLRH-08)the Program for Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province (2023-CX-TD-17)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province (2023-JCQN-0543)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M702597)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)printing technology has opened a new paradigm to controllably and reproducibly fabricate bioengineered neural constructs for potential applications in repairing injured nervous tissues or producing in vitro nervous tissue models.However,the complexity of nervous tissues poses great challenges to 3D-printed bioengineered analogues,which should possess diverse architectural/chemical/electrical functionalities to resemble the native growth microenvironments for functional neural regeneration.In this work,we provide a state-of-the-art review of the latest development of 3D printing for bioengineered neural constructs.Various 3D printing techniques for neural tissue-engineered scaffolds or living cell-laden constructs are summarized and compared in terms of their unique advantages.We highlight the advanced strategies by integrating topographical,biochemical and electroactive cues inside 3D-printed neural constructs to replicate in vivo-like microenvironment for functional neural regeneration.The typical applications of 3D-printed bioengineered constructs for in vivo repair of injured nervous tissues,bio-electronics interfacing with native nervous system,neural-on-chips as well as brain-like tissue models are demonstrated.The challenges and future outlook associated with 3D printing for functional neural constructs in various categories are discussed.
文摘End stage liver diseases （ESLD） represent a major, neglected global public health crisis which requires an urgent action towards fnding a proper cure. Orthotro-pic liver transplantation has been the only definitive treatment modality for ESLD. However, shortage of donor organs, timely unavailability, post-surgery related complications and financial burden on the patients li-mits the number of patients receiving the transplants. Since last two decades cell-based therapies have revolu-tionized the feld of organ/tissue regeneration. However providing an alternative organ source to address the donor liver shortage still poses potential challenges. The developments made in this direction provide useful futuristic approaches, which could be translated into preclinical and clinical settings targeting appropriate applications in specific disease conditions. Earlier studies have demonstrated the applicability of this particular approach to generate functional organ in rodent system by connecting them with portal and hepatic circulatory networks. However, such strategy requires very high level of surgical expertise and also poses the technical and financial questions towards its future applicability. Hence, alternative sites for generating secondary organs are being tested in several types of disease conditions. Among different sites, omentum has been proved to be more appropriate site for implanting several kinds of functional tissue constructs without eliciting much immunological response. Hence, omentum may be con-sidered as better site for transplanting humanized bio-engineered ex vivo generated livers, thereby creating a secondary organ at intra-omental site. However, the expertise for generating such bioengineered organs are limited and only very few centres are involved for inve-stigating the potential use of such implants in clinical practice due to gap between the clinical transplant surgeons and basic scientists working on the concept evolution. Herein we discuss the recent advances and challenges to create functional secondary organs thr-ough intra-omental transplantation of ex vivo genera-ted bioengineered humanized livers and their further application in the management of ESLD as a supportive bridge for organ transplantation.
文摘Bioengineered materials are used as a substitute in many fields of medicine,especially in plastic surgery and in burns.In ophthalmic plastic surgery they can be used for covering large tissue defects or as a tarsal plate substitute,in cases when it is not possible to use conventional surgical techniques.We have searched PubMed and Web of Science scientific databases.We can generally categorize skin substitutes by the type of tissue used-we distinguish autografts,allografts,and xenografts.There are also completely synthetic substitutes.The aim of our article was to summarize the current state of knowledge and to sum up all the clinical applications of bioengineered materials in the periocular region.There are only a few scientific articles about this topic and lack of prospective randomized studies aimed on use of bioengineered materials in periocular region.Nevertheless,there are many articles describing successful case reports or case reports series.According to literature,bioengineered materials are the most commonly used in big traumas or large surgical defects,especially in oculoplastic tumour surgery.Bioengineered dermal substitutes are not frequently used in the periocular region.Dermal substitutes are useful,when it is not possible to close the defect with any other conventional surgical technique.
文摘In January of 2010 we will launch Bioengineered Bugs,the first international peerreviewed journal of its kind to focus on genetic engineering which involves the generation of recombinant strains(from higher plants and animals to bacteria,fungi and viruses)and their metabolic products for beneficial applications in food,medicine,industry,environment and bio-defense.Bioengineered Bugs boasts an impressive international Editorial Board,including
基金financial support received from the Program of the China National Health Commission and National Medical Products Administration(NMPA)under Grant No.CMR-20161129-1003(to JL)The National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant No.82072953(to LW)+2 种基金The Liaoning Province Excellent Talent Program Project under Grant No.XLYC1902031(to JL)Top young talents of Liaoning Provincial Government under Grant No.XLYC1907009(to LW)Dalian Outstanding Young Talents Project under Grant No.2021RJ12(to LW)。
文摘Extracellular vesicles(EVs)-based cell-free therapy,particularly stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles(SC-EVs),offers new insights into treating a series of neurological disorders and becomes a promising candidate for alternative stem cell regenerative therapy.Currently,SC-EVs are considered direct therapeutic agents by themselves and/or dynamic delivery systems as they have a similar regenerative capacity of stem cells to promote neurogenesis and can easily load many functional small molecules to recipient cells in the central nervous system.Meanwhile,as non-living entities,SC-EVs avoid the uncontrollability and manufacturability limitations of live stem cell products in vivo(e.g.,low survival rate,immune response,and tumorigenicity)and in vitro(e.g.,restricted sources,complex preparation processes,poor quality control,low storage,shipping instability,and ethical controversy)by strict quality control system.Moreover,SC-EVs can be engineered or designed to enhance further overall yield,increase bioactivity,improve targeting,and extend their half-life.Here,this review provides an overview on the biological properties of SC-EVs,and the current progress in the strategies of native or bioengineered SC-EVs for nerve injury repairing is presented.Then we further summarize the challenges of recent research and perspectives for successful clinical application to advance SC-EVs from bench to bedside in neurological diseases.
文摘AIM To develop appropriate humanized three-dimensional ex-vivo model system for drug testing. METHODS Bioengineered humanized livers were developed in this study using human hepatic stem cells repopulation within the acellularized liver scaffolds which mimics with the natural organ anatomy and physiology. Six cytochrome P-450 probes were used to enable efficient identification of drug metabolism in bioengineered humanized livers. The drug metabolism study in bioengineered livers was evaluated to identify the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity responses.RESULTS The bioengineered humanized livers showed cellular and molecular characteristics of human livers. The bioengineered liver showed three-dimensional natural architecture with intact vasculature and extra-cellular matrix. Human hepatic cells were engrafted similar to the human liver. Drug metabolism studies provided a suitable platform alternative to available ex-vivo and in vivo models for identifying cellular and molecular dynamics of pharmacological drugs.CONCLUSION The present study paves a way towards the development of suitable humanized preclinical model systems for pharmacological testing. This approach may reduce the cost and time duration of preclinical drug testing and further overcomes on the anatomical and physiological variations in xenogeneic systems.
文摘Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are membrane-bound entities secreted by each cell,categorized as,exosomes,microvesicles or apoptotic bodies based on their size and biogenesis.They serve as promising vectors for drug delivery due to their capacity to carry diverse molecular signatures reflective of their cell of origin.EV research has significantly advanced since their serendipitous discovery,with recent studies focusing on their roles in various diseases and their potential for targeted therapy.In liver diseases,EVs are particularly promising for precision medicine,providing diagnostic and therapeutic potential in conditions such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatohepatitis,hepatocellular carcinoma,alcoholic liver disease,liver fibrosis,and acute liver failure.Despite challenges in isolation and characterization,engineered EVs have shown efficacy in delivering therapeutic agents with improved targeting and reduced side effects.As research progresses,EVs hold great promise to revolutionize precision medicine in liver diseases,offering targeted,efficient,and versatile therapeutic options.In this review,we summarize various techniques for loading EVs with therapeutic cargo including both passive and active methods,and the potential of bioengineered EVs loaded with various molecules,such as miRNAs,proteins,and anti-inflammatory drugs in ameliorating clinical pathologies of liver diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22372039 and 22305247)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(No.2021J06010)the Fuzhou University Testing Fund of precious apparatus(No.2025T022).
文摘Metal-free carbon catalysts are promising alternatives to noble-metal electrocatalysts for H_(2)O_(2) production through two electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e−ORR).Herein,a novel bioengineering approach is proposed to prepare N-doped hollow carbon nanoboxes from guanine precursor.The optimized NC-HNBs-550 exhibits an exceptional electrocatalytic performance,achieving a high H_(2)O_(2) Faradaic efficiency(FE)of over 90%across a broad potential window exceeding 0.6 V.Remarkably,when tested in a flow cell configuration,NC-HNBs-550 delivers near-unity FE for H_(2)O_(2) production at industrial-grade current densities,demonstrating its practicality for scalable applications.Impressively,the in situ electro-synthesized H_(2)O_(2) is further employed as a green oxidant for rapid degradation of various organic dyes and even tetracyclines,and high-purity benzoyl peroxide(BPO)synthesis,highlighting its versatility in environmental and chemical applications.Combining experimental and theoretical analyses,we reveal that the superior 2e−ORR activity originates from the abundance of pyrrolic-N species in NC-HNBs,which optimize the adsorption energy of*OOH intermediates and promote selective O2 reduction.This work not only advances the rational design of biomass-derived carbon catalysts for sustainable H_(2)O_(2) production but also provides a versatile platform for environmental remediation and value-added chemical production.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.82160378,81460293)Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation Team Project(2023090006KJZX2022WJW008).
文摘Diabetic wounds are among the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and their healing process can be delayed due to persistent inflammatory reactions,bacterial infections,damaged vascularization and impaired cell proliferation,which casts a blight on patients’health and quality of life.Therefore,new strategies to accelerate diabetic wound healing are being positively explored.Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells(MSC-Exos)can inherit the therapeutic and reparative abilities of stem cells and play a crucial role in diabetic wound healing.However,poor targeting,low concentrations of therapeutic molecules,easy removal from wounds and limited yield of MSC-Exos are challenging for clinical applications.Bioengineering techniques have recently gained attention for their ability to enhance the efficacy and yield of MSC-Exos.In this review,we summarise the role of MSC-Exos in diabetic wound healing and focus on three bioengineering strategies,namely,parental MSC-Exos engineering,direct MSCExos engineering and MSC-Exos combined with biomaterials.Furthermore,the application of bioengineered MSC-Exos in diabetic wound healing is reviewed.Finally,we discuss the future prospects of bioengineered MSC-Exos,providing new insights into the exploration of therapeutic strategies.
基金Supported by the Zhejiang Medical Technology Project,No.2022RC009 and No.2024KY645.
文摘Diabetic foot ulcers(DFUs)represents a significant public health issue,with a rising global prevalence and severe potential complications including amputation.Traditional treatments often fall short due to various limitations such as high recurrence rates and extensive resource utilization.This editorial explores the innovative use of acellular fish skin grafts as a transformative approach in DFU management.Recent studies and a detailed case report highlight the efficacy of acellular fish skin grafts in accelerating wound closure,reducing dressing changes,and enhancing patient outcomes with a lower socio-economic burden.Despite their promise,challenges such as limited availability,patient acceptance,and the need for further research persist.Addressing these through more extensive randomized controlled trials and fostering a multidisciplinary treatment approach may optimize DFU care and reduce the global health burden associated with these complex wounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.81770091,82000099)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2024YFC3044600,2022YFC2407400)+6 种基金the Clinical Research Plan of Shanghai Hospital Development Center(multi-center clinical research project for major diseases)(No.SHDC2020CR1021B)the scientific and technological innovation action plan of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.20DZ2253700)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Nos.20YF1440900,21YF1438500,21S31905200)the Clinical Research Foundation of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital(Nos.FKLY20007,SKPY2021005)Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Innovation Team(Nos.FKXY2306,FKCX1906,FKXY1902)Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Grant(No.FKCY1903)Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program(No.2022030208)。
文摘Bioengineered organs have been seen as a promising strategy to address the shortage of transplantable organs.However,it is still difficult to achieve heterogeneous structures and complex functions similar to natural organs using current bioengineering techniques.This work introduces the methods and dilemmas in organ engineering and existing challenges.Furthermore,a new roadmap for organ engineering,which uses a modular strategy with autologous bioreactors to create organ-level bioengineered constructions,is summarized based on the latest research advances.In brief,different functional modules of natural organs are constructed in vitro,and autologous bioreactors in vivo are utilized to facilitate inter-module assembly to form a complete bioengineered organ capable of replacing natural organ functions.There are bioengineered organs,such as biomimetic tracheas,which have been successfully fabricated following this roadmap.This new roadmap for organ engineering shows prospects in addressing the shortage of transplantable organs and has broad prospects for clinical applications.
基金supported in part by the National Institutes of Health [Grant No. R01GM113888 (Aiming Yu), USA]supported by Visiting Scholar Programs from China Scholarship Council (201608440507, USA) Guangzhou Medical University+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (81603191, China)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2015A030310153, China)supported by the 3102018zy053 from Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China)funded by the UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center Support Grant (CCSG) awarded by the National Cancer Institute (Grant No. P30CA093373, USA)
文摘Drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and nuclear receptors are essential for the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion(ADME) of drugs and xenobiotics. MicroRNAs participate in the regulation of ADME gene expression via imperfect complementary Watson–Crick base pairings with target transcripts. We have previously reported that Cytochrome P450 3A4(CYP3A4) and ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2(ABCG2) are regulated by miR-27b-3p and miR-328-3p,respectively. Here we employed our newly established RNA bioengineering technology to produce bioengineered RNA agents(BERA), namely BERA/miR-27b-3p and BERA/miR-328-3p, via fermentation. When introduced into human cells, BERA/miR-27b-3p and BERA/miR-328-3p were selectively processed to target miRNAs and thus knock down CYP3A4 and ABCG2 mRNA and their protein levels,respectively, as compared to cells treated with vehicle or control RNA. Consequently, BERA/miR-27b-3p led to a lower midazolam 10-hydroxylase activity, indicating the reduction of CYP3A4 activity. Likewise,BERA/miR-328-3p treatment elevated the intracellular accumulation of anticancer drug mitoxantrone, a classic substrate of ABCG2, hence sensitized the cells to chemotherapy. The results indicate that biologic miRNA agents made by RNA biotechnology may be applied to research on miRNA functions in the regulation of drug metabolism and disposition that could provide insights into the development of more effective therapies.
基金supported by Hubei Province Scientific and Technological Innovation Key Project(No.2019ACA136,China)supported by National Institute of General Medical Sciences grant(No.R01GM113888)+3 种基金National Cancer Institute grant(No.R01CA225958)National Institutes of Health(USA)supported by a fellowship from the Chinese Scholarship Council(No.201706270162,China)funded by the UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center Support Grant awarded by the National Cancer Institute grant(P30CA093373,USA).
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs or miRs)are small noncoding RNAs derived from genome to control target gene expression.Recently we have developed a novel platform permitting high-yield production of bioengineered miRNA agents(BERA).This study is to produce and utilize novel fully-humanized BERA/miR-3’28-3p molecule(hBERA/miR-3’28)to delineate the role of miR-328-3p in controlling nutrient uptake essential for cell metabolism.We first demonstrated successful high-level expression of hBERA/miR-328 in bacteria and purification to high degree of homogeneity(>98%).Biologic miR-328-3p prodrug was selectively processed to miR-328-3p to suppress the growth of highly-proliferative human osteosarcoma(OS)cells.Besides glucose transporter protein type 1,gene symbol solute carrier family 2 member 1(GUJTHSLC2A1),we identified and verified large neutral amino acid transporter 1,gene symbol solute carrier family 7 member 5(LPAT1/SLC7A5)as a direct target for miR-3’28-3p.While reduction of LAT1 protein levels by miR-3’28-3p did not alter homeostasis of amino acids within OS cells,suppression of GLUT1 led to a significantly lower glucose uptake and decline in intracellular levels of glucose and glycolytic metabolite lactate.Moreover,combination treatment with hBERA/miR-3’28 and cisplatin or doxorubicin exerted a strong synergism in the inhibition of OS cell proliferation.These findings support the utility of novel bioengineered RNA molecules and establish an important role of miR-328-3p in the control of nutrient transport and homeostasis behind cancer metabolism.
基金funded by the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(project number ZH2018ZDA36(19X190020006))Shanghai Jiao Tong University Scientific and Technological Innovation Funds(2019TPA10)+1 种基金the Foundation of National Facility for Translational Medicine(Shanghai)(TMSK-2020-008).X.X.acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation(2001606)the Gustavus and Louise Pfeiffer Research Foundation Award.We greatly thank Xiyun Yan(Institute of Biophysics,CAS)for her generous gift of the pET-HFn plasmid.We also thank Kelong Fan(Institute of Biophysics,CAS)for his professional suggestions on protein purification.
文摘Immunotherapy is emerging as a powerful tool for combating many human diseases.However,the application of this life-saving treatment in serious brain diseases,including glioma,is greatly restricted.The major obstacle is the lack of effective technologies for transporting therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier(BBB)and achieving targeted delivery to specific cells once across the BBB.Ferritin,an iron storage protein,traverses the BBB via receptor-mediated transcytosis by binding to transferrin receptor 1(TfR1)overexpressed on BBB endothelial cells.Here,we developed bioengineered ferritin nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers that enable the targeted delivery of a small-molecule immunomodulator to achieve enhanced immunotherapeutic efficacy in an orthotopic glioma-bearing mouse model.We fused different glioma-targeting moieties on self-assembled ferritin nanoparticles via genetic engineering,and RGE fusion protein nanoparticles(RGE-HFn NPs)were identified as the best candidate.Furthermore,RGE-HFn NPs encapsulating a stimulator of interferon genes(STING)agonist(SR717@RGE-HFn NPs)maintained stable self-assembled structure and targeting properties even after traversing the BBB.In the glioma-bearing mouse model,SR717@RGE-HFn NPs elicited a potent local innate immune response in the tumor microenvironment,resulting in significant tumor growth inhibition and prolonged survival.Overall,this biomimetic brain delivery platform offers new opportunities to overcome the BBB and provides a promising approach for brain drug delivery and immunotherapy in patients with glioma.
文摘Spinal cord injury results in the loss of sensory,motor,and autonomic functions,which almost always produces permanent physical disability.Thus,in the search for more effective treatments than those already applied for years,which are not entirely efficient,researches have been able to demonstrate the potential of biological strategies using biomaterials to tissue manufacturing through bioengineering and stem cell therapy as a neuroregenerative approach,seeking to promote neuronal recovery after spinal cord injury.Each of these strategies has been developed and meticulously evaluated in several animal models with the aim of analyzing the potential of interventions for neuronal repair and,consequently,boosting functional recovery.Although the majority of experimental research has been conducted in rodents,there is increasing recognition of the importance,and need,of evaluating the safety and efficacy of these interventions in non-human primates before moving to clinical trials involving therapies potentially promising in humans.This article is a literature review from databases(PubMed,Science Direct,Elsevier,Scielo,Redalyc,Cochrane,and NCBI)from 10 years ago to date,using keywords(spinal cord injury,cell therapy,non-human primates,humans,and bioengineering in spinal cord injury).From 110 retrieved articles,after two selection rounds based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,21 articles were analyzed.Thus,this review arises from the need to recognize the experimental therapeutic advances applied in non-human primates and even humans,aimed at deepening these strategies and identifying the advantages and influence of the results on extrapolation for clinical applicability in humans.
基金supported by the Nanjing Incubation Program for National Clinical Research Center(No.2019060001)the key project of Social Development in Jiangsu Province(No.BE2020632)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82073446)Medicine and Health Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2016-I2M-1-005)。
文摘In recent years,increasing attention has been paid to bioengineered bacteria as vectors for the treatment of allergic diseases.The methods for preparing bioengineered bacteria that can express exogenous genes are improving.Research has focused mainly on application of bioengineered bacteria expressing recombinant allergens,hypoallergenic derivatives of allergens,T-cell epitope derivatives,cytokines,or as mucosal adjuvants to enhance immunotherapy effects.This strategy offers new ideas for the treatment of allergic diseases.This review summarizes recent advances in use of live bioengineered bacteria in allergic diseases as well as the challenges of using microorganisms(or their components)in immunotherapy.
基金Supported by the Tianjin Graduate Research Innovation Project&TUTCM Graduate Research Innovation Project,No.YJSKC-20231012.
文摘Peripheral nerve injury(PNI)is a common disease that is difficult to nerve regeneration with current therapies.Fortunately,Zou et al demonstrated the role and mechanism of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)in promoting nerve regeneration,revealing broad prospects for BMSCs trans-plantation in alleviating PNI.We confirmed the fact that BMSCs significantly alleviate PNI,but there are shortcomings such as low cell survival rate and immune rejection,which limit the wide application of BMSCs.BMSCs-derived exosomes(Exos)are considered as a promising cell-free nanomedicine for PNI,avoiding the ethical issues of BMSCs.Exos in combination with bioengineering therapeutics(including extracellular matrix,hydrogel)brings new hope for PNI,provides a favorable microenvironment for neurological restoration and a therapeutic strategy with a favorable safety profile,significantly increases ex-pression of neurotrophic factors,promotes axonal and myelin regeneration,and demonstrates a strong potential to enhance neurogenesis.Therefore,engineered Exos exhibit better properties,such as stronger targeting and more beneficial components.This article briefly describes the role of nanotechnology and bioe-ngineering therapies for BMSCs in PNI,proposes clinical application prospects and challenges of nanotechnology and bioengineering BMSCs-derived Exos in PNI to improve the efficacy of BMSCs in the treatment of PNI.
基金Supported by Undergraduate Education and Teaching Reform Research Project of Chengdu University(XJJG-20242025228)Sichuan Genuine Medicinal Materials and Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Team(SCCXTD-2025-19)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021YFYZ0012).
文摘The rapid advancement of the bioeconomy imposes increasingly stringent demands on bioengineering education.Drawing on data from the 2025 Chinese Undergraduate Employment Report and related sources,this study revealed that while employment placement rates for bioengineering graduates remain stable,starting salaries exhibit limited growth and career trajectories lack clarity.These challenges originate from a curriculum lagging behind technological progress,inadequate practical training,and a mismatch between student competencies and industry expectations.To address these issues,this paper proposed a strategic framework grounded in"demand-driven design,industry-education integration,and competence-centered development".Key strategies include dynamic curriculum renewal,collaborative university-industry training,holistic competency development,and personalized student support,which collectively aim at enhancing graduates employment competitiveness and long-term professional sustainability.
