Jamun(Syzygium cumini Skeels)is a nutritious fruit and has historically been used as both as an edible and a traditional medicine.The jamun seed is an inedible by-product of the fruit.However,their high concentration ...Jamun(Syzygium cumini Skeels)is a nutritious fruit and has historically been used as both as an edible and a traditional medicine.The jamun seed is an inedible by-product of the fruit.However,their high concentration of phytochemicals makes them valuable components of nutraceuticals.Various studies on diverse biological activities of jamun seeds have warranted their application in human health and biomedical fields.This review paper discusses critically the phytochemical composition of jamun seeds and the bioactivities,including their antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,antidiabetic,anti-microbial,anti-obesity,hepato-protective,cardio and gastro-protective properties.The bioactivity of jamun seed is related to the presence of phenols,flavonoids,steroids,alkaloids,triterpenoids,tannins,and saponins.Animal research in vivo,and in vitro experiments with human and animal cell models support the idea that jamun seed extract can be valuable additions in food and biomedical fields due to the diverse bio-functional properties.However,in-depth and systematic in vivo clinical trials using human subjects must be conducted to confirm the safe consumption limit and establish other therapeutic roles of jamun seeds for their abundant utilization as a nutraceutical or pharmacological component.Moreover,research is required to understand the exact mechanisms of the bioactivities exhibited by jamun seeds.展开更多
The food industry is vigorously searching for bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential that are derived from unexplored natural sources.Ankol plant(Alangium salvifolium)is an underutilized small deciduous shrub ...The food industry is vigorously searching for bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential that are derived from unexplored natural sources.Ankol plant(Alangium salvifolium)is an underutilized small deciduous shrub that reaches a height of 10 m and is underutilized as a culinary plant.It can be found largely in the plains and lower mountain regions throughout India and elsewhere in East Africa to China,New Guinea,Indonesia,and Vietnam.This plant is a vital source of high value-added ingredients,including anthocyanin and flavonoid pigments,alkaloid,tannin,and phenols that can be of great interest to the food industry as functional colorants and additives.The present review highlights the potential of Ankol plant(A.salvifolium)as valuable source of bioactive compounds for the development of functional foods.A.salvifolium is an important source of structurally varied bioactive compounds with distinct anti-diabetic,anti-cancer,anti-spasmodic,anti-inflammatory,analgesic,anti-arthritic,anti-protozoal,anti-hypertensive and cardio-protective properties.The results of molecular tests indicate the presence of numerous novel phytochemicals and biochemical substances,paving the way for future scientific discoveries for various aspects.展开更多
Poor nutrition predisposes to infection,and various food compounds,such as micronutrients,are key elements of immune competence.A large number of scientific publications have suggested a role of phytochemicals,food bi...Poor nutrition predisposes to infection,and various food compounds,such as micronutrients,are key elements of immune competence.A large number of scientific publications have suggested a role of phytochemicals,food bioactives and nutrition in combating the current coronavirus pandemic.Various dietary components and specific food supplements have been proposed to be helpful in the prevention or therapy of COVID-19.While findings in preclinical models suggest that food bioactives and micronutrients may potentially augment viral defense,evidence supporting antiviral and immunomodulatory efficacy of these compounds in the prevention or management of COVID-19 is non-existent.Large-scale epidemiological and well-designed clinical studies investigating dosage and combinations of food compounds in different age groups and populations are needed before any recommendations can be made.Both malnutrition and overnutrition can adversely affect the immune system.Malnutrition at population level appears to be associated with elevated rates of fatal outcomes of COVID-19.Obesity and non-communicable diseases have been found to be a prognostic risk factor associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes.A focus on obesity and nutrition-related chronic diseases should be a key element of public health.This approach would be more effective than the far less promising search for food bioactives with potential immune-supportive efficacy.展开更多
In the current study,agro-industrial waste(banana peels and de-oiled groundnut cake)was valorised through submerged fermentation employing Calocybe indica.The fermented agro-waste revealed an increase in Ergosta-compo...In the current study,agro-industrial waste(banana peels and de-oiled groundnut cake)was valorised through submerged fermentation employing Calocybe indica.The fermented agro-waste revealed an increase in Ergosta-compounds,(3.57%),which include Ergosta-5,7,9(11),22-tetraen-3-ol,(3.beta.,22E)-(1.87%),Ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-ol,(3.beta.,22e)-(1.24%)and Ergosta-7,22-dien-3-ol,(3.beta.,5.alpha.,22E)-(0.46%).A reduction of phytic acid(26.25-6.84 mg/100g),oxalate(81.82-18.69 mg/100g),water holding capacity(34.29-30.97 ml/g),least gelation concentration(18-12.5%),bulk density(6.82-2.28 g/ml)and swelling volume(9.5-6.1 ml/g)with an increase inβ-glucan(8-24.57%),dispersibility(78.27-92.92%),oil holding capacity(0.59-1.73 ml/g),valine(ten-fold)and threonine(four-fold)seen in the fermented product makes it suitable for the food industry.GC-MS analysis confirmed the enriched levels of bioactive compounds namely,(S)-(-)-Perillyl alcohol,α.-Longipinene,isozonarol,widdrol,hydroxy valerenic acid,reynosin,β-Eudesmol,lupenone,etc.in fermented agro-waste mixture.The valorised agro-waste-mycelia mixture can be used as a potential nutraceutically enriched health supplement in the food and pharma industries.展开更多
Herbal bioactives have been shown to influence the pathogenesis of homocysteine associated vascular complications.However,there are no simple cellular models to study their role in preventing angiogenesis impairment b...Herbal bioactives have been shown to influence the pathogenesis of homocysteine associated vascular complications.However,there are no simple cellular models to study their role in preventing angiogenesis impairment by homocysteine and adenosine.Using dipyridamole,an inhibitor for nucleoside transport,we examined its mechanism of action on impaired展开更多
Co-encapsulation of bioactive is an emerging field which shows promising approach to develop functionally active food products. Health-promoting components including antioxidants, vitamins, essential oils or flavors, ...Co-encapsulation of bioactive is an emerging field which shows promising approach to develop functionally active food products. Health-promoting components including antioxidants, vitamins, essential oils or flavors, and antimicrobials could be successfully delivered in functional foods by co-encapsulating in suitable wall matrix. Co-encapsulation is especially useful as this concept takes into account the synergistic effect of multiple bioactives in enhancing bioactivity to target specific health benefits. The review focusses on various factors governing the stability of the microencapsulated system such as drying methods and temperature, selection of wall material, surfactant, co-excipient, emulsion homogenizing speed, and appropriate combination of the bioactive for co-encapsulation to get synergistic effects. Effective results have been demonstrated by several researchers, but further studies would help in unravelling the full potential of this technique in food system.展开更多
Fruits are a rich source of bioactive compounds and form a major component of the total horticultural produce.Unfortunately,fruit wastes that contains a wide range of bioactive compounds such as phenolics,minerals,die...Fruits are a rich source of bioactive compounds and form a major component of the total horticultural produce.Unfortunately,fruit wastes that contains a wide range of bioactive compounds such as phenolics,minerals,dietary fibre,vitamins,oils,and enzymes,to name a few,are discarded.The post-processing by-products of fruit processing industries include the peel,pomace,and seeds.Owing to the presence substantial contents of bioactive compounds,these fruit by-products have been explored for the recovery of bioactives using several extraction techniques.Amongst the various techniques studied for the extraction of bioactives,supercritical fluid extraction(SCFE)has captured the interest of researchers,mainly because it overcomes the limitations posed by conventional extraction methods.This review discusses SCFE as a green technique for the extraction of bioactives(polyphenols,vitamins,pigments and fatty acids)from fruit wastes,and factors that affect SCFE therefrom.Furthermore,the bioactivities of these components such as anti-diabetic,anti-oxidants,anti-inflammatory,anti-microbial,anti-cancer,cardioprotective,and neuroprotective agents have been highlighted.Lastly,future prospects of using SCFE for ensuring optimal extraction of bioactives and their potential biological and food applications have been discussed.展开更多
Recent research has demonstrated the impact of physical activity on the prognosis of glioma patients,with evidence suggesting exercise may reduce mortality risks and aid neural regeneration.The role of the small ubiqu...Recent research has demonstrated the impact of physical activity on the prognosis of glioma patients,with evidence suggesting exercise may reduce mortality risks and aid neural regeneration.The role of the small ubiquitin-like modifier(SUMO)protein,especially post-exercise,in cancer progression,is gaining attention,as are the potential anti-cancer effects of SUMOylation.We used machine learning to create the exercise and SUMO-related gene signature(ESLRS).This signature shows how physical activity might help improve the outlook for low-grade glioma and other cancers.We demonstrated the prognostic and immunotherapeutic significance of ESLRS markers,specifically highlighting how murine double minute 2(MDM2),a component of the ESLRS,can be targeted by nutlin-3.This underscores the intricate relationship between natural compounds such as nutlin-3 and immune regulation.Using comprehensive CRISPR screening,we validated the effects of specific ESLRS genes on low-grade glioma progression.We also revealed insights into the effectiveness of Nutlin-3a as a potent MDM2 inhibitor through molecular docking and dynamic simulation.Nutlin-3a inhibited glioma cell proliferation and activated the p53 pathway.Its efficacy decreased with MDM2 overexpression,and this was reversed by Nutlin-3a or exercise.Experiments using a low-grade glioma mouse model highlighted the effect of physical activity on oxidative stress and molecular pathway regulation.Notably,both physical exercise and Nutlin-3a administration improved physical function in mice bearing tumors derived from MDM2-overexpressing cells.These results suggest the potential for Nutlin-3a,an MDM2 inhibitor,with physical exercise as a therapeutic approach for glioma management.Our research also supports the use of natural products for therapy and sheds light on the interaction of exercise,natural products,and immune regulation in cancer treatment.展开更多
Bioactive molecules have shown great promise for effectively regulating various bone formation processes,rendering them attractive therapeutics for bone regeneration.However,the widespread application of bioactive mol...Bioactive molecules have shown great promise for effectively regulating various bone formation processes,rendering them attractive therapeutics for bone regeneration.However,the widespread application of bioactive molecules is limited by their low accumulation and short half-lives in vivo.Hydrogels have emerged as ideal carriers to address these challenges,offering the potential to prolong retention times at lesion sites,extend half-lives in vivo and mitigate side effects,avoid burst release,and promote adsorption under physiological conditions.This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in the development of bioactive molecule-loaded hydrogels for bone regeneration,encompassing applications in cranial defect repair,femoral defect repair,periodontal bone regeneration,and bone regeneration with underlying diseases.Additionally,this review discusses the current strategies aimed at improving the release profiles of bioactive molecules through stimuli-responsive delivery,carrier-assisted delivery,and sequential delivery.Finally,this review elucidates the existing challenges and future directions of hydrogel encapsulated bioactive molecules in the field of bone regeneration.展开更多
Pulpitis is a common infective oral disease in clinical situations.The regulatory mechanisms of immune defense in pulpitis are still being investigated.Osteomodulin(OMD)is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan family memb...Pulpitis is a common infective oral disease in clinical situations.The regulatory mechanisms of immune defense in pulpitis are still being investigated.Osteomodulin(OMD)is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan family member distributed in bones and teeth.It is a bioactive protein that promotes osteogenesis and suppresses the apoptosis of human dental pulp stem cells(hDPSCs).In this study,the role of OMD in pulpitis and the OMD-induced regulatory mechanism were investigated.The OMD expression in normal and inflamed human pulp tissues was detected via immunofluorescence staining.Intriguingly,the OMD expression decreased in the inflammatory infiltration area of pulpitis specimens.The cellular experiments demonstrated that recombined human OMD could resist the detrimental effects of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation.A conditional Omd knockout mouse model with pulpal inflammation was established.LPS-induced inflammatory impairment significantly increased in conditional Omd knockout mice,whereas OMD administration exhibited a protective effect against pulpitis.Mechanistically,the transcriptome alterations of OMD overexpression showed significant enrichment in the nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Interleukin-1 receptor 1(IL1R1),a vital membrane receptor activating the NF-κB pathway,was significantly downregulated in OMD-overexpressing hDPSCs.Additionally,the interaction between OMD and IL1R1 was verified using co-immunoprecipitation and molecular docking.In vivo,excessive pulpal inflammation in Omd-deficient mice was rescued using an IL1R antagonist.Overall,OMD played a protective role in the inflammatory response via the IL1R1/NF-κB signaling pathway.OMD may optimize the immunomodulatory functions of hDPSCs and can be used for regenerative endodontics.展开更多
Introduction It is necessary for an ideal bioceramic scaffold to have a suitable structure.The structure can affect the mechanical properties of the scaffold(i.e.,elastic modulus and compressive strength)and the biolo...Introduction It is necessary for an ideal bioceramic scaffold to have a suitable structure.The structure can affect the mechanical properties of the scaffold(i.e.,elastic modulus and compressive strength)and the biological properties of the scaffold(i.e.,degradability and cell growth rate).Lattice structure is a kind of periodic porous structure,which has some advantages of light weight and high strength,and is widely used in the preparation of bioceramic scaffolders.For the structure of the scaffold,high porosity and large pore size are important for bone growth,bone integration and promoting good mechanical interlocking between neighboring bones and the scaffold.However,scaffolds with a high porosity often lack mechanical strength.In addition,different parts of the bone have different structural requirements.In this paper,scaffolds with a non-uniform structure or a hierarchical structure were designed,with loose and porous exterior to facilitate cell adhesion,osteogenic differentiation and vascularization as well as relatively dense interior to provide sufficient mechanical support for bone repair.Methods In this work,composite ceramics scaffolds with 10%akermanite content were prepared by DLP technology.The scaffold had a high porosity outside to promote the growth of bone tissue,and a low porosity inside to withstand external forces.The compressive strength,fracture form,in-vitro degradation performance and bioactivity of graded bioceramic scaffolds were investigated.The models of scaffolds were imported into the DLP printer with a 405 nm light.The samples were printed with the intensity of 8 mJ/cm^(2)and a layer thickness of 50μm.Finally,the ceramic samples were sintered at 1100℃.The degradability of the hierarchical gyroid bioceramic scaffolds was evaluated through immersion in Tris-HCl solution and SBF solution at a ratio of 200 mL/g.The bioactivity of bioceramic was obtained via immersing them in SBF solution for two weeks.The concentrations of calcium,phosphate,silicon,and magnesium ions in the soaking solution were determined by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer.Results and discussion In this work,a hierarchical Gyroid structure HA-AK10 scaffold(sintered at 1100℃)with a radial internal porosity of 50%and an external porosity of 70%is prepared,and the influence of structural form on the compressive strength and degradation performance of the scaffold is investigated.The biological activity of the bioceramics in vitro is also verified.The mechanical simulation results show that the stress distribution corresponds to the porosity distribution of the structure,and the low porosity is larger and the overall stress concentration phenomenon does not appear.After soaking in SBF solution,Si—OH is firstly formed on the surface of bioceramics,and then silicon gel layer is produced due to the presence of calcium and silicon ions.The silicon gel layer is dissociated into negatively charged groups under alkaline environment secondary adsorption of calcium ions and phosphate ions,forming amorphous calcium phosphate,and finally amorphous calcium phosphate crystals and adsorption of carbonate ions,forming carbonate hydroxyapatite.This indicates that the composite bioceramics have a good biological activity in-vitro and can provide a good environment for the growth of bone cells.A hierarchical Gyroid ceramic scaffold with a bone geometry is prepared via applying the hierarchical structure to the bone contour scaffold.The maximum load capacity of the hierarchical Gyroid ceramic scaffold is 8 times that of the uniform structure.Conclusions The hierarchical structure scaffold designed had good overall compressive performance,good degradation performance,and still maintained a good mechanical stability during degradation.In addition,in-vitro biological experimental results showed that the surface graded composite scaffold could have a good in-vitro biological activity and provide a good environment for bone cells.Compared to the heterosexual structure,the graded scaffold had greater mechanical properties.展开更多
Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research fi ndings in the fi eld of animal-origin foods,involving food mat...Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research fi ndings in the fi eld of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health,product fl avor and sensory characteristics,the control of harmful substances during processing or cooking,product preservation,storage and packaging;microorganisms and fermentation,illegal drug residues and food safety detection;authenticity identifi cation;cell-cultured meat,regulations and standards.展开更多
Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research fi ndings in the fi eld of animal-origin foods,involving food mat...Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research fi ndings in the fi eld of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health,product fl avor and sensory characteristics,the control of harmful substances during processing or cooking,product preservation,storage and packaging;microorganisms and fermentation,illegal drug residues and food safety detection;authenticity identifi cation;cell-cultured meat,regulations and standards.展开更多
Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the fi eld of animal-origin foods,involving food mate...Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the fi eld of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health,product flavor and sensory characteristics,the control of harmful substances during processing or cooking,product preservation,storage and packaging;microorganisms and fermentation,illegal drug residues and food safety detection;authenticity identifi cation;cell-cultured meat,regulations and standards.展开更多
Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research fi ndings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food mate...Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research fi ndings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health,product flavor and sensory characteristics,the control of harmful substances during processing or cooking,product preservation,storage and packaging;microorganisms and fermentation,illegal drug residues and food safety detection;authenticity identifi cation;cell-cultured meat,regulations and standards.展开更多
Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food mater...Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health,product flavor and sensory characteristics,the control of harmful substances during processing or cooking,product preservation,storage and packaging;microorganisms and fermentation,illegal drug residues and food safety detection;authenticity identification;cell-cultured meat,regulations and standards.展开更多
Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food mater...Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health,product flavor and sensory characteristics,the control of harmful substances during processing or cooking,product preservation,storage and packaging;microorganisms and fermentation,illegal drug residues and food safety detection;authenticity identifi cation;cell-cultured meat,regulations and standards.展开更多
Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food mater...Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health,product flavor and sensory characteristics,the control of harmful substances during processing or cooking,product preservation,storage and packaging;microorganisms and fermentation,illegal drug residues and food safety detection;authenticity identification;cell-cultured meat,regulations and standards.展开更多
Background:Fucoxanthin,a carotenoid derived from brown seaweeds,has gained attention as a promising ingredient in skincare due to its antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-aging,and photoprotective properties.Objective:T...Background:Fucoxanthin,a carotenoid derived from brown seaweeds,has gained attention as a promising ingredient in skincare due to its antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-aging,and photoprotective properties.Objective:This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the cosmeceutical potential of fucoxanthin,summarizing findings from in vitro and in vivo studies,as well as clinical trials.Methods:A systematic review(2000–2023)using PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar identified studies on fucoxanthin's anti-aging and skin-related properties.Following a three-phase screening process(titles,abstracts,and full-text evaluation),14 relevant studies were selected—9 in vitro and 5 in vivo/clinical—exploring fucoxanthin's effects in cosmetics and skincare.Key outcomes,including effects on oxidative stress,collagen synthesis,melanin production,and skin health,were analyzed.Results:The results from nine in vitro studies showed that fucoxanthin effectively reduces oxidative stress,enhances procollagen synthesis,inhibits matrix metalloproteinases,and suppresses melanin synthesis in various skin cell lines,indicating its potential in preventing skin aging,reducing pigmentation,and improving skin structure and elasticity.In vivo studies,including experiments on ultraviolet B(UVB)-irradiated guinea pigs and hairless mice,demonstrated that fucoxanthin could protect against ultraviolet(UV)-induced skin damage,prevent wrinkle formation,and reduce inflammation.Furthermore,a clinical study involving Korean women confirmed significant improvements in skin moisture,elasticity,and reduction of wrinkles after eight weeks of applying a fucoxanthin-based cream.This review underscores the increasing evidence of fucoxanthin's efficacy in the skin and highlights its cosmetic potential as a main ingredient of innovative,natural,and sustainable cosmeceutical formulations targeting the skin's overall health and preventing aging.Conclusions:Fucoxanthin demonstrates considerable potential as a natural and sustainable component in cosmeceutical formulations for skin beauty and anti-aging.Stability issues,together with bioavailability problems and sourcing,remain an ongoing obstacle to further development.Further research on clinical trials alongside new formulation strategies will help address restrictions that block fucoxanthin from successful cosmetics applications.展开更多
This work uses GC-MS to analyze the bioactive compounds of Salvia rosmarinus essential oils(SREO)and evaluates their antibacterial,antifungal,and insecticidal effects,as well as the major component,1,8-cineole.Chemica...This work uses GC-MS to analyze the bioactive compounds of Salvia rosmarinus essential oils(SREO)and evaluates their antibacterial,antifungal,and insecticidal effects,as well as the major component,1,8-cineole.Chemical analysis identified 16 compounds accounting for 99.19%of the oil’s total content,with 1,8-cineole(33.17%),camphor(16.53%),α-pinene(14.46%),and camphene(8.14%)as the major constituents.Antimicrobial activities were assessed against pathogenic strains using minimal inhibit concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)assays.SREO exhibited a minimum MIC of 0.128%against P.aeruginosa,while 1,8-cineole showed a minimum MIC of 2.06%against the same strain,highlighting the higher efficacy of the complete oil compared to the isolated compound.Conversely,for antifungal activity,1,8-cineole displayed a lower MIC(2.06%)against A.niger and P.digitatum compared to SREO(4.125%against A.niger).Regarding aphicidal activity,results demonstrated the lethal effects of SREO on M.persicae,with an even more pronounced impact observed for 1,8-cineole.At one dose of 40μL/L air,SREO and 1,8-cineole resulted in 100%insect mortality within 24 h of exposure.After 12 h of exposure to SREO at concentrations of 5,10,20,and 40μL/L air,the mortality rates were 20%,36.67%,70%,and 93.33%.1,8-cineole showed maximum efficacy,achieving complete(100%)mortality within 12 h at 40μL/L air.展开更多
文摘Jamun(Syzygium cumini Skeels)is a nutritious fruit and has historically been used as both as an edible and a traditional medicine.The jamun seed is an inedible by-product of the fruit.However,their high concentration of phytochemicals makes them valuable components of nutraceuticals.Various studies on diverse biological activities of jamun seeds have warranted their application in human health and biomedical fields.This review paper discusses critically the phytochemical composition of jamun seeds and the bioactivities,including their antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,antidiabetic,anti-microbial,anti-obesity,hepato-protective,cardio and gastro-protective properties.The bioactivity of jamun seed is related to the presence of phenols,flavonoids,steroids,alkaloids,triterpenoids,tannins,and saponins.Animal research in vivo,and in vitro experiments with human and animal cell models support the idea that jamun seed extract can be valuable additions in food and biomedical fields due to the diverse bio-functional properties.However,in-depth and systematic in vivo clinical trials using human subjects must be conducted to confirm the safe consumption limit and establish other therapeutic roles of jamun seeds for their abundant utilization as a nutraceutical or pharmacological component.Moreover,research is required to understand the exact mechanisms of the bioactivities exhibited by jamun seeds.
文摘The food industry is vigorously searching for bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential that are derived from unexplored natural sources.Ankol plant(Alangium salvifolium)is an underutilized small deciduous shrub that reaches a height of 10 m and is underutilized as a culinary plant.It can be found largely in the plains and lower mountain regions throughout India and elsewhere in East Africa to China,New Guinea,Indonesia,and Vietnam.This plant is a vital source of high value-added ingredients,including anthocyanin and flavonoid pigments,alkaloid,tannin,and phenols that can be of great interest to the food industry as functional colorants and additives.The present review highlights the potential of Ankol plant(A.salvifolium)as valuable source of bioactive compounds for the development of functional foods.A.salvifolium is an important source of structurally varied bioactive compounds with distinct anti-diabetic,anti-cancer,anti-spasmodic,anti-inflammatory,analgesic,anti-arthritic,anti-protozoal,anti-hypertensive and cardio-protective properties.The results of molecular tests indicate the presence of numerous novel phytochemicals and biochemical substances,paving the way for future scientific discoveries for various aspects.
文摘Poor nutrition predisposes to infection,and various food compounds,such as micronutrients,are key elements of immune competence.A large number of scientific publications have suggested a role of phytochemicals,food bioactives and nutrition in combating the current coronavirus pandemic.Various dietary components and specific food supplements have been proposed to be helpful in the prevention or therapy of COVID-19.While findings in preclinical models suggest that food bioactives and micronutrients may potentially augment viral defense,evidence supporting antiviral and immunomodulatory efficacy of these compounds in the prevention or management of COVID-19 is non-existent.Large-scale epidemiological and well-designed clinical studies investigating dosage and combinations of food compounds in different age groups and populations are needed before any recommendations can be made.Both malnutrition and overnutrition can adversely affect the immune system.Malnutrition at population level appears to be associated with elevated rates of fatal outcomes of COVID-19.Obesity and non-communicable diseases have been found to be a prognostic risk factor associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes.A focus on obesity and nutrition-related chronic diseases should be a key element of public health.This approach would be more effective than the far less promising search for food bioactives with potential immune-supportive efficacy.
基金supported by“DST INSPIRE[DST/INSPIRE/03/2015/005291]GOI,New Delhi,Indian Institute of Technology(IIT)Delhi,Ministry of Food Processing Industries(MoFPI),GOI[Sanctioned number F.No.Q-11/9/2018-RandD dt.17 Dec 2018]Chaman Lal Setia Exports Ltd.,Karnal,Haryana”.
文摘In the current study,agro-industrial waste(banana peels and de-oiled groundnut cake)was valorised through submerged fermentation employing Calocybe indica.The fermented agro-waste revealed an increase in Ergosta-compounds,(3.57%),which include Ergosta-5,7,9(11),22-tetraen-3-ol,(3.beta.,22E)-(1.87%),Ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-ol,(3.beta.,22e)-(1.24%)and Ergosta-7,22-dien-3-ol,(3.beta.,5.alpha.,22E)-(0.46%).A reduction of phytic acid(26.25-6.84 mg/100g),oxalate(81.82-18.69 mg/100g),water holding capacity(34.29-30.97 ml/g),least gelation concentration(18-12.5%),bulk density(6.82-2.28 g/ml)and swelling volume(9.5-6.1 ml/g)with an increase inβ-glucan(8-24.57%),dispersibility(78.27-92.92%),oil holding capacity(0.59-1.73 ml/g),valine(ten-fold)and threonine(four-fold)seen in the fermented product makes it suitable for the food industry.GC-MS analysis confirmed the enriched levels of bioactive compounds namely,(S)-(-)-Perillyl alcohol,α.-Longipinene,isozonarol,widdrol,hydroxy valerenic acid,reynosin,β-Eudesmol,lupenone,etc.in fermented agro-waste mixture.The valorised agro-waste-mycelia mixture can be used as a potential nutraceutically enriched health supplement in the food and pharma industries.
文摘Herbal bioactives have been shown to influence the pathogenesis of homocysteine associated vascular complications.However,there are no simple cellular models to study their role in preventing angiogenesis impairment by homocysteine and adenosine.Using dipyridamole,an inhibitor for nucleoside transport,we examined its mechanism of action on impaired
文摘Co-encapsulation of bioactive is an emerging field which shows promising approach to develop functionally active food products. Health-promoting components including antioxidants, vitamins, essential oils or flavors, and antimicrobials could be successfully delivered in functional foods by co-encapsulating in suitable wall matrix. Co-encapsulation is especially useful as this concept takes into account the synergistic effect of multiple bioactives in enhancing bioactivity to target specific health benefits. The review focusses on various factors governing the stability of the microencapsulated system such as drying methods and temperature, selection of wall material, surfactant, co-excipient, emulsion homogenizing speed, and appropriate combination of the bioactive for co-encapsulation to get synergistic effects. Effective results have been demonstrated by several researchers, but further studies would help in unravelling the full potential of this technique in food system.
文摘Fruits are a rich source of bioactive compounds and form a major component of the total horticultural produce.Unfortunately,fruit wastes that contains a wide range of bioactive compounds such as phenolics,minerals,dietary fibre,vitamins,oils,and enzymes,to name a few,are discarded.The post-processing by-products of fruit processing industries include the peel,pomace,and seeds.Owing to the presence substantial contents of bioactive compounds,these fruit by-products have been explored for the recovery of bioactives using several extraction techniques.Amongst the various techniques studied for the extraction of bioactives,supercritical fluid extraction(SCFE)has captured the interest of researchers,mainly because it overcomes the limitations posed by conventional extraction methods.This review discusses SCFE as a green technique for the extraction of bioactives(polyphenols,vitamins,pigments and fatty acids)from fruit wastes,and factors that affect SCFE therefrom.Furthermore,the bioactivities of these components such as anti-diabetic,anti-oxidants,anti-inflammatory,anti-microbial,anti-cancer,cardioprotective,and neuroprotective agents have been highlighted.Lastly,future prospects of using SCFE for ensuring optimal extraction of bioactives and their potential biological and food applications have been discussed.
基金supported by Project of the Health Shanghai Initiative Special Fund(Medical-Sports Integration,Creating a New Model of Exercise for Health),No.JKSHZX-2022-02(to SC).
文摘Recent research has demonstrated the impact of physical activity on the prognosis of glioma patients,with evidence suggesting exercise may reduce mortality risks and aid neural regeneration.The role of the small ubiquitin-like modifier(SUMO)protein,especially post-exercise,in cancer progression,is gaining attention,as are the potential anti-cancer effects of SUMOylation.We used machine learning to create the exercise and SUMO-related gene signature(ESLRS).This signature shows how physical activity might help improve the outlook for low-grade glioma and other cancers.We demonstrated the prognostic and immunotherapeutic significance of ESLRS markers,specifically highlighting how murine double minute 2(MDM2),a component of the ESLRS,can be targeted by nutlin-3.This underscores the intricate relationship between natural compounds such as nutlin-3 and immune regulation.Using comprehensive CRISPR screening,we validated the effects of specific ESLRS genes on low-grade glioma progression.We also revealed insights into the effectiveness of Nutlin-3a as a potent MDM2 inhibitor through molecular docking and dynamic simulation.Nutlin-3a inhibited glioma cell proliferation and activated the p53 pathway.Its efficacy decreased with MDM2 overexpression,and this was reversed by Nutlin-3a or exercise.Experiments using a low-grade glioma mouse model highlighted the effect of physical activity on oxidative stress and molecular pathway regulation.Notably,both physical exercise and Nutlin-3a administration improved physical function in mice bearing tumors derived from MDM2-overexpressing cells.These results suggest the potential for Nutlin-3a,an MDM2 inhibitor,with physical exercise as a therapeutic approach for glioma management.Our research also supports the use of natural products for therapy and sheds light on the interaction of exercise,natural products,and immune regulation in cancer treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51925304)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC1023)Medical Research Program of Sichuan Province(Q23015).
文摘Bioactive molecules have shown great promise for effectively regulating various bone formation processes,rendering them attractive therapeutics for bone regeneration.However,the widespread application of bioactive molecules is limited by their low accumulation and short half-lives in vivo.Hydrogels have emerged as ideal carriers to address these challenges,offering the potential to prolong retention times at lesion sites,extend half-lives in vivo and mitigate side effects,avoid burst release,and promote adsorption under physiological conditions.This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in the development of bioactive molecule-loaded hydrogels for bone regeneration,encompassing applications in cranial defect repair,femoral defect repair,periodontal bone regeneration,and bone regeneration with underlying diseases.Additionally,this review discusses the current strategies aimed at improving the release profiles of bioactive molecules through stimuli-responsive delivery,carrier-assisted delivery,and sequential delivery.Finally,this review elucidates the existing challenges and future directions of hydrogel encapsulated bioactive molecules in the field of bone regeneration.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82071104)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (23XD1434200/22Y21901000)+9 种基金Shanghai Hospital Development Center(SHDC12022120)National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases (NCRCO2021-omics-07)Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases (19MC1910600)Major and Key Cultivation Projects of Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (JYZP006)Shanghai’s Top Priority Research Center (2022ZZ01017)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2019-I2M-5-037)Fundamental research program funding of Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(JYZZ237)Eastern Talent Plan Leading Project (BJZH2024001)partly supported by the Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University,School of Medicine(JYJC202223)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases (14DZ2260300)
文摘Pulpitis is a common infective oral disease in clinical situations.The regulatory mechanisms of immune defense in pulpitis are still being investigated.Osteomodulin(OMD)is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan family member distributed in bones and teeth.It is a bioactive protein that promotes osteogenesis and suppresses the apoptosis of human dental pulp stem cells(hDPSCs).In this study,the role of OMD in pulpitis and the OMD-induced regulatory mechanism were investigated.The OMD expression in normal and inflamed human pulp tissues was detected via immunofluorescence staining.Intriguingly,the OMD expression decreased in the inflammatory infiltration area of pulpitis specimens.The cellular experiments demonstrated that recombined human OMD could resist the detrimental effects of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation.A conditional Omd knockout mouse model with pulpal inflammation was established.LPS-induced inflammatory impairment significantly increased in conditional Omd knockout mice,whereas OMD administration exhibited a protective effect against pulpitis.Mechanistically,the transcriptome alterations of OMD overexpression showed significant enrichment in the nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Interleukin-1 receptor 1(IL1R1),a vital membrane receptor activating the NF-κB pathway,was significantly downregulated in OMD-overexpressing hDPSCs.Additionally,the interaction between OMD and IL1R1 was verified using co-immunoprecipitation and molecular docking.In vivo,excessive pulpal inflammation in Omd-deficient mice was rescued using an IL1R antagonist.Overall,OMD played a protective role in the inflammatory response via the IL1R1/NF-κB signaling pathway.OMD may optimize the immunomodulatory functions of hDPSCs and can be used for regenerative endodontics.
文摘Introduction It is necessary for an ideal bioceramic scaffold to have a suitable structure.The structure can affect the mechanical properties of the scaffold(i.e.,elastic modulus and compressive strength)and the biological properties of the scaffold(i.e.,degradability and cell growth rate).Lattice structure is a kind of periodic porous structure,which has some advantages of light weight and high strength,and is widely used in the preparation of bioceramic scaffolders.For the structure of the scaffold,high porosity and large pore size are important for bone growth,bone integration and promoting good mechanical interlocking between neighboring bones and the scaffold.However,scaffolds with a high porosity often lack mechanical strength.In addition,different parts of the bone have different structural requirements.In this paper,scaffolds with a non-uniform structure or a hierarchical structure were designed,with loose and porous exterior to facilitate cell adhesion,osteogenic differentiation and vascularization as well as relatively dense interior to provide sufficient mechanical support for bone repair.Methods In this work,composite ceramics scaffolds with 10%akermanite content were prepared by DLP technology.The scaffold had a high porosity outside to promote the growth of bone tissue,and a low porosity inside to withstand external forces.The compressive strength,fracture form,in-vitro degradation performance and bioactivity of graded bioceramic scaffolds were investigated.The models of scaffolds were imported into the DLP printer with a 405 nm light.The samples were printed with the intensity of 8 mJ/cm^(2)and a layer thickness of 50μm.Finally,the ceramic samples were sintered at 1100℃.The degradability of the hierarchical gyroid bioceramic scaffolds was evaluated through immersion in Tris-HCl solution and SBF solution at a ratio of 200 mL/g.The bioactivity of bioceramic was obtained via immersing them in SBF solution for two weeks.The concentrations of calcium,phosphate,silicon,and magnesium ions in the soaking solution were determined by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer.Results and discussion In this work,a hierarchical Gyroid structure HA-AK10 scaffold(sintered at 1100℃)with a radial internal porosity of 50%and an external porosity of 70%is prepared,and the influence of structural form on the compressive strength and degradation performance of the scaffold is investigated.The biological activity of the bioceramics in vitro is also verified.The mechanical simulation results show that the stress distribution corresponds to the porosity distribution of the structure,and the low porosity is larger and the overall stress concentration phenomenon does not appear.After soaking in SBF solution,Si—OH is firstly formed on the surface of bioceramics,and then silicon gel layer is produced due to the presence of calcium and silicon ions.The silicon gel layer is dissociated into negatively charged groups under alkaline environment secondary adsorption of calcium ions and phosphate ions,forming amorphous calcium phosphate,and finally amorphous calcium phosphate crystals and adsorption of carbonate ions,forming carbonate hydroxyapatite.This indicates that the composite bioceramics have a good biological activity in-vitro and can provide a good environment for the growth of bone cells.A hierarchical Gyroid ceramic scaffold with a bone geometry is prepared via applying the hierarchical structure to the bone contour scaffold.The maximum load capacity of the hierarchical Gyroid ceramic scaffold is 8 times that of the uniform structure.Conclusions The hierarchical structure scaffold designed had good overall compressive performance,good degradation performance,and still maintained a good mechanical stability during degradation.In addition,in-vitro biological experimental results showed that the surface graded composite scaffold could have a good in-vitro biological activity and provide a good environment for bone cells.Compared to the heterosexual structure,the graded scaffold had greater mechanical properties.
文摘Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research fi ndings in the fi eld of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health,product fl avor and sensory characteristics,the control of harmful substances during processing or cooking,product preservation,storage and packaging;microorganisms and fermentation,illegal drug residues and food safety detection;authenticity identifi cation;cell-cultured meat,regulations and standards.
文摘Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research fi ndings in the fi eld of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health,product fl avor and sensory characteristics,the control of harmful substances during processing or cooking,product preservation,storage and packaging;microorganisms and fermentation,illegal drug residues and food safety detection;authenticity identifi cation;cell-cultured meat,regulations and standards.
文摘Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the fi eld of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health,product flavor and sensory characteristics,the control of harmful substances during processing or cooking,product preservation,storage and packaging;microorganisms and fermentation,illegal drug residues and food safety detection;authenticity identifi cation;cell-cultured meat,regulations and standards.
文摘Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research fi ndings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health,product flavor and sensory characteristics,the control of harmful substances during processing or cooking,product preservation,storage and packaging;microorganisms and fermentation,illegal drug residues and food safety detection;authenticity identifi cation;cell-cultured meat,regulations and standards.
文摘Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health,product flavor and sensory characteristics,the control of harmful substances during processing or cooking,product preservation,storage and packaging;microorganisms and fermentation,illegal drug residues and food safety detection;authenticity identification;cell-cultured meat,regulations and standards.
文摘Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health,product flavor and sensory characteristics,the control of harmful substances during processing or cooking,product preservation,storage and packaging;microorganisms and fermentation,illegal drug residues and food safety detection;authenticity identifi cation;cell-cultured meat,regulations and standards.
文摘Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health,product flavor and sensory characteristics,the control of harmful substances during processing or cooking,product preservation,storage and packaging;microorganisms and fermentation,illegal drug residues and food safety detection;authenticity identification;cell-cultured meat,regulations and standards.
基金the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia(MOHE)and She Empire Sdn Bhd for their financial support under the Industry Matching Programme(IMaP)(Ref:IMaP/1/2024/SKK15/UTHM//1)for the project titled“FusionDerm Validation:Pioneering the Next-Generation Multipurpose Cream with Fucoxanthin for Enhanced Urban Skin Defense and Anti-Pollution Efficacy.”。
文摘Background:Fucoxanthin,a carotenoid derived from brown seaweeds,has gained attention as a promising ingredient in skincare due to its antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-aging,and photoprotective properties.Objective:This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the cosmeceutical potential of fucoxanthin,summarizing findings from in vitro and in vivo studies,as well as clinical trials.Methods:A systematic review(2000–2023)using PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar identified studies on fucoxanthin's anti-aging and skin-related properties.Following a three-phase screening process(titles,abstracts,and full-text evaluation),14 relevant studies were selected—9 in vitro and 5 in vivo/clinical—exploring fucoxanthin's effects in cosmetics and skincare.Key outcomes,including effects on oxidative stress,collagen synthesis,melanin production,and skin health,were analyzed.Results:The results from nine in vitro studies showed that fucoxanthin effectively reduces oxidative stress,enhances procollagen synthesis,inhibits matrix metalloproteinases,and suppresses melanin synthesis in various skin cell lines,indicating its potential in preventing skin aging,reducing pigmentation,and improving skin structure and elasticity.In vivo studies,including experiments on ultraviolet B(UVB)-irradiated guinea pigs and hairless mice,demonstrated that fucoxanthin could protect against ultraviolet(UV)-induced skin damage,prevent wrinkle formation,and reduce inflammation.Furthermore,a clinical study involving Korean women confirmed significant improvements in skin moisture,elasticity,and reduction of wrinkles after eight weeks of applying a fucoxanthin-based cream.This review underscores the increasing evidence of fucoxanthin's efficacy in the skin and highlights its cosmetic potential as a main ingredient of innovative,natural,and sustainable cosmeceutical formulations targeting the skin's overall health and preventing aging.Conclusions:Fucoxanthin demonstrates considerable potential as a natural and sustainable component in cosmeceutical formulations for skin beauty and anti-aging.Stability issues,together with bioavailability problems and sourcing,remain an ongoing obstacle to further development.Further research on clinical trials alongside new formulation strategies will help address restrictions that block fucoxanthin from successful cosmetics applications.
基金funded by Researchers Supporting Project number(RSP2025R119),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘This work uses GC-MS to analyze the bioactive compounds of Salvia rosmarinus essential oils(SREO)and evaluates their antibacterial,antifungal,and insecticidal effects,as well as the major component,1,8-cineole.Chemical analysis identified 16 compounds accounting for 99.19%of the oil’s total content,with 1,8-cineole(33.17%),camphor(16.53%),α-pinene(14.46%),and camphene(8.14%)as the major constituents.Antimicrobial activities were assessed against pathogenic strains using minimal inhibit concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)assays.SREO exhibited a minimum MIC of 0.128%against P.aeruginosa,while 1,8-cineole showed a minimum MIC of 2.06%against the same strain,highlighting the higher efficacy of the complete oil compared to the isolated compound.Conversely,for antifungal activity,1,8-cineole displayed a lower MIC(2.06%)against A.niger and P.digitatum compared to SREO(4.125%against A.niger).Regarding aphicidal activity,results demonstrated the lethal effects of SREO on M.persicae,with an even more pronounced impact observed for 1,8-cineole.At one dose of 40μL/L air,SREO and 1,8-cineole resulted in 100%insect mortality within 24 h of exposure.After 12 h of exposure to SREO at concentrations of 5,10,20,and 40μL/L air,the mortality rates were 20%,36.67%,70%,and 93.33%.1,8-cineole showed maximum efficacy,achieving complete(100%)mortality within 12 h at 40μL/L air.
