Introduction The global burden of orthopedic diseases has reached unprecedented levels,with recent epidemiological data revealing that musculoskeletal conditions affect over 1.71 billion people worldwide,representing ...Introduction The global burden of orthopedic diseases has reached unprecedented levels,with recent epidemiological data revealing that musculoskeletal conditions affect over 1.71 billion people worldwide,representing a 150%increase since 1990[1].By 2050,the number of individuals aged 60 and above requiring orthopedic interventions is projected to exceed 2.1 billion,with osteoporosis alone affecting 200 million people globally.展开更多
Loss of sweat glands(SwGs)commonly associated with extensive skin defects is a leading cause of hyperthermia and heat stroke.In vivo tissue engineering possesses the potential to take use of the body natural ability t...Loss of sweat glands(SwGs)commonly associated with extensive skin defects is a leading cause of hyperthermia and heat stroke.In vivo tissue engineering possesses the potential to take use of the body natural ability to regenerate SwGs,making it more conducive to clinical translation.Despite recent advances in regenerative medicine,reconstructing SwG tissue with the same structure and function as native tissue remains challenging.Elucidating the SwG generation mechanism and developing biomaterials for in vivo tissue engineering is essential for understanding and developing in vivo SwG regenerative strategies.Here,we outline the cell biology associated with functional wound healing and the characteristics of bioactive materials.We critically summarize the recent progress in bioactive material-based cell modulation approaches for in vivo SwG regeneration,including the recruitment of endogenous cells to the skin lesion for SwG regeneration and in vivo cellular reprogramming for SwG regeneration.We discussed the re-establishment of microenvironment via bioactive material-mediated regulators.Besides,we offer promising perspectives for directing in situ SwG regeneration via bioactive material-based cell-free strategy,which is a simple and effective approach to regenerate SwG tissue with both fidelity of structure and function.Finally,we discuss the opportunities and challenges of in vivo SwG regeneration in detail.The molecular mechanisms and cell fate modulation of in vivo SwG regeneration will provide further insights into the regeneration of patient-specific SwGs and the development of potential intervention strategies for gland-derived diseases.展开更多
In recent years,there have been increasingly rapid advances of using bioactive materials in tissue engineering applications.Bioactive materials constitute many different structures based upon ceramic,metallic or polym...In recent years,there have been increasingly rapid advances of using bioactive materials in tissue engineering applications.Bioactive materials constitute many different structures based upon ceramic,metallic or polymeric materials,and can elicit specific tissue responses.However,most of them are relatively brittle,stiff,and difficult to form into complex shapes.Hence,there has been a growing demand for preparing materials with tailored physical,biological,and mechanical properties,as well as predictable degradation behavior.Chitosan-based materials have been shown to be ideal bioactive materials due to their outstanding properties such as formability into different structures,and fabricability with a wide range of bioactive materials,in addition to their biocompatibility and biodegradability.This review highlights scientific findings concerning the use of innovative chitosan-based bioactive materials in the fields of tissue engineering,with an outlook into their future applications.It also covers latest developments in terms of constituents,fabrication technologies,structural,and bioactive properties of these materials that may represent an effective solution for tissue engineering materials,making them a realistic clinical alternative in the near future.展开更多
The incorporation of gallium into bioactive materials has been reported to enhance osteogenesis,to influence blood clotting,and to induce anti-cancer and anti-bacterial activity.Gallium-doped biomaterials prepared by ...The incorporation of gallium into bioactive materials has been reported to enhance osteogenesis,to influence blood clotting,and to induce anti-cancer and anti-bacterial activity.Gallium-doped biomaterials prepared by various techniques include melt-derived and sol-gel-derived bioactive glasses,calcium phosphate bioceramics,metals and coatings.In this review,we summarize the recently reported developments in antibacterial,anti-cancer,osteogenesis,and hemostasis properties of Ga-doped biomaterials and briefly outline the mechanisms leading to Ga biological effects.The key finding is that gallium addition to biomaterials has great potential for treating bone-related diseases since it can be efficiently transferred to the desired region at a controllable rate.Besides,it can be used as a potential substitute for antibiotics for the inhibition of infections during the initial and advanced phases of the wound healing process.Ga is also used as an anticancer agent due to the increased concentration of gallium around excessive cell proliferation(tumor)sites.Moreover,we highlight the possibility to design different therapeutic approaches aimed at increasing the efficiency of the use of gallium containing bioactive materials for multifunctional applications.展开更多
The fate of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)is regulated by biological,physical and chemical signals.Developments in biotechnology and materials science promoted the occurrence of bioactive materials which can provide phy...The fate of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)is regulated by biological,physical and chemical signals.Developments in biotechnology and materials science promoted the occurrence of bioactive materials which can provide physical and chemical signals for MSCs to regulate their fate.In order to design and synthesize materials that can precisely regulate the fate of MSCs,the relationship between the properties of materials and the fate of mesenchymal stem cells need to be clarified,in which the detection of the fate of mesenchymal stem cells plays an important role.In the past 30 years,a series of detection technologies have been developed to detect the fate of MSCs regulated by bioactive materials,among which high-throughput technology has shown great advantages due to its ability to detect large amounts of data at one time.In this review,the latest research progresses of detecting the fate of MSCs regulated by bone bioactive materials(BBMs)are systematically reviewed from traditional technology to high-throughput technology which is emphasized especially.Moreover,current problems and the future development direction of detection technologies of the MSCs fate regulated by BBMs are prospected.The aim of this review is to provide a detection technical framework for researchers to establish the relationship between the properties of BMMs and the fate of MSCs,so as to help researchers to design and synthesize BBMs better which can precisely regulate the fate of MSCs.展开更多
Conventional dental materials lack of the hierarchical architecture of enamel that exhibits excellent intrinsic-extrinsic mechanical properties.Moreover,restorative failures frequently occur due to physical and chemic...Conventional dental materials lack of the hierarchical architecture of enamel that exhibits excellent intrinsic-extrinsic mechanical properties.Moreover,restorative failures frequently occur due to physical and chemical mismatch between artificial materials and native dental hard tissue followed by recurrent caries which is caused by sugar-fermenting,acidogenic bacteria invasion of the defective cite.In order to resolve the limitations of the conventional dental materials,the aim of this study was to establish a non-cell-based biomimetic strategy to fabricate a novel bioactive material with enamel-like structure and antibacterial adhesion property.The evaporation-based,bottom-up and self-assembly method with layer-by-layer technique were used to form a large-area fluorapatite crystal layer containing antibacterial components.The multilayered structure was constructed by hydrothermal growth of the fluorapatite crystal layer and highly conformal adsorption to the crystal surface of a polyelectrolyte matrix film.Characterization and mechanical assessment demonstrated that the synthesized bioactive material resembled the native enamel in chemical components,mechanical properties and crystallographic structure.Antibacterial and cytocompatibility evaluation demonstrated that this material had the antibacterial adhesion property and biocompatibility.In combination with the molecular dynamics simulations to reveal the effects of variables on the crystallization mechanism,this study brings new prospects for the synthesis of enamel-inspired materials.展开更多
Glioblastoma is the most common and deadly human brain cancers.Unique barriers hinder the drug delivering pathway due to the individual position of glioblastoma,including blood-brain barrier and blood-brain tumor barr...Glioblastoma is the most common and deadly human brain cancers.Unique barriers hinder the drug delivering pathway due to the individual position of glioblastoma,including blood-brain barrier and blood-brain tumor barrier.Numerous bioactive materials have been exploited and applied as the transvascular delivery carriers of therapeutic drugs.They promote site-specific accumulation and long term release of the encapsulated drugs at the tumor sites and reduce side effects with systemic delivery.And the delivery systems exhibit a certain extent of anti-glioblastoma effect and extend the median survival time.However,few of them step into the clinical trials.In this review,we will investigate the recent studies of bioactive materials for glioblastoma chemotherapy,including the inorganic materials,lipids and polymers.These bioactive materials construct diverse delivery vehicles to trigger tumor sites in brain intravenously.Herein,we exploit their functionality in drug delivery and discuss the deficiency for the featured tumors,to provide guidance for establishing optimized therapeutic drug formulation for anti-glioblastoma therapy and pave the way for clinical application.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury is a serious medical condition that can be attributed to falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries and acts of violence, causing a series of neural injuries and neuropsychiatric symptoms. ...Traumatic brain injury is a serious medical condition that can be attributed to falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries and acts of violence, causing a series of neural injuries and neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, limited accessibility to the injury sites, complicated histological and anatomical structure, intricate cellular and extracellular milieu, lack of regenerative capacity in the native cells, vast variety of damage routes, and the insufficient time available for treatment have restricted the widespread application of several therapeutic methods in cases of central nervous system injury. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have emerged as innovative approaches in the field of nerve regeneration. By combining biomaterials, stem cells, and growth factors, these approaches have provided a platform for developing effective treatments for neural injuries, which can offer the potential to restore neural function, improve patient outcomes, and reduce the need for drugs and invasive surgical procedures. Biomaterials have shown advantages in promoting neural development, inhibiting glial scar formation, and providing a suitable biomimetic neural microenvironment, which makes their application promising in the field of neural regeneration. For instance, bioactive scaffolds loaded with stem cells can provide a biocompatible and biodegradable milieu. Furthermore, stem cells-derived exosomes combine the advantages of stem cells, avoid the risk of immune rejection, cooperate with biomaterials to enhance their biological functions, and exert stable functions, thereby inducing angiogenesis and neural regeneration in patients with traumatic brain injury and promoting the recovery of brain function. Unfortunately, biomaterials have shown positive effects in the laboratory, but when similar materials are used in clinical studies of human central nervous system regeneration, their efficacy is unsatisfactory. Here, we review the characteristics and properties of various bioactive materials, followed by the introduction of applications based on biochemistry and cell molecules, and discuss the emerging role of biomaterials in promoting neural regeneration. Further, we summarize the adaptive biomaterials infused with exosomes produced from stem cells and stem cells themselves for the treatment of traumatic brain injury. Finally, we present the main limitations of biomaterials for the treatment of traumatic brain injury and offer insights into their future potential.展开更多
Neurotrophic factors,currently administered orally or by intravenous drip or intramuscular injection,are the main method for the treatment of peripheral nerve crush injury.However,the low effective drug concentration ...Neurotrophic factors,currently administered orally or by intravenous drip or intramuscular injection,are the main method for the treatment of peripheral nerve crush injury.However,the low effective drug concentration arriving at the injury site results in unsatisfactory outcomes.Therefore,there is an urgent need for a treatment method that can increase the effective drug concentration in the injured area.In this study,we first fabricated a gelatin modified by methacrylic anhydride hydrogel and loaded it with vascular endothelial growth factor that allowed the controlled release of the neurotrophic factor.This modified gelatin exhibited good physical and chemical properties,biocompatibility and supported the adhesion and proliferation of RSC96 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells.When injected into the epineurium of crushed nerves,the composite hydrogel in the rat sciatic nerve crush injury model promoted nerve regeneration,functional recovery and vascularization.The results showed that the modified gelatin gave sustained delivery of vascular endothelial growth factors and accelerated the repair of crushed peripheral nerves.展开更多
In order to form the apatite nuclei on a surface of the substrate, the substrate was placed on or in CaO, SiO2-based glass particles which were soaked in a simulated body fluid with ion concentrations nearly e-qual to...In order to form the apatite nuclei on a surface of the substrate, the substrate was placed on or in CaO, SiO2-based glass particles which were soaked in a simulated body fluid with ion concentrations nearly e-qual to those of human blood plasma, and to make the apatite nuclei grow on the substrate in situ, the substrate, was soaked in another solution highly supersaturated with respect to the apatite. The induction period for the apatite nucleation varied from 0 to 4 days depending on the kind of the substrate. The thickness of the apatite layer increases linearly with increasing soaking time in the second solution. The rate of growth of the apatite layer increases with increasing degree of the supersaturation and temperature of the second solution, reaching 7um/d in a solution with ion concentrations which is as 1.5 times as those of the simulated body fluid at 60℃. The adhesive strength of the apatite layer to the substrate varies depending on the kind and roughness of the substrate. Polyethyleneterephthalate and polyethersulfone plates abraded with No. 400 diamond paste show adhesive strengths of as high as 4 MPa. This type of composite of the bone-like apatite with metals, ceramics and organic polymers might be useful not only as highly biaactive hard tissue-repairing materials with analogous mechanical properties to those of the hard tissues , but also as highly biocompatible soft tissue-repairing materials with ductility.展开更多
It has long been asserted that failure to recover from central nervous system diseases is due to the system's intricate structure and the regenerative incapacity of adult neurons.Yet over recent decades,numerous s...It has long been asserted that failure to recover from central nervous system diseases is due to the system's intricate structure and the regenerative incapacity of adult neurons.Yet over recent decades,numerous studies have established that endogenous neurogenesis occurs in the adult central nervous system,including humans'.This has challenged the long-held scientific consensus that the number of adult neurons remains constant,and that new central nervous system neurons cannot be created or renewed.Herein,we present a comprehensive overview of the alterations and regulatory mechanisms of endogenous neurogenesis following central nervous system injury,and describe novel treatment strategies that to rget endogenous neurogenesis and newborn neurons in the treatment of central nervous system injury.Central nervous system injury frequently results in alterations of endogenous neurogenesis,encompassing the activation,proliferation,ectopic migration,diffe rentiation,and functional integration of endogenous neural stem cells.Because of the unfavorable local microenvironment,most activated neural stem cells diffe rentiate into glial cells rather than neurons.Consequently,the injury-induced endogenous neurogenesis response is inadequate for repairing impaired neural function.Scientists have attempted to enhance endogenous neurogenesis using various strategies,including using neurotrophic factors,bioactive materials,and cell reprogramming techniques.Used alone or in combination,these therapeutic strategies can promote targeted migration of neural stem cells to an injured area,ensure their survival and diffe rentiation into mature functional neurons,and facilitate their integration into the neural circuit.Thus can integration re plenish lost neurons after central nervous system injury,by improving the local microenvironment.By regulating each phase of endogenous neurogenesis,endogenous neural stem cells can be harnessed to promote effective regeneration of newborn neurons.This offers a novel approach for treating central nervous system injury.展开更多
The unique physiological characteristics and complexity of tumor,in addition to drug resistance result in traditional therapies,such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy,being unable to achieve complete elimination of can...The unique physiological characteristics and complexity of tumor,in addition to drug resistance result in traditional therapies,such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy,being unable to achieve complete elimination of cancer cells.Meanwhile,the emerging immunotherapy suffers from a low patient response rate.Bacterial therapies are highly targeted.Bacteria can penetrate deep into the tumor and show good tumor inhibition.However,natural bacteria have the limitation of high toxicity and inability to meet the demand for efficient therapeutics.Recent advances in synthetic biology and materials science relate to the safety and efficacy of bacterial therapeutics,promising to develop engineered bacteria with low toxicity and complex therapeutic functions.Engineered bacteria that express anticancer drug molecules can target the tumor region,synthesizing and releasing payloads in response to internal and external stimuli.This process leads to the regression of the tumor and the effective inhibition of recurrence.This review outlines the recent advancements in the field of engineered bacteria research,particularly focusing on their applications in anti-tumor therapy.It also includes the advantageous features and mechanisms of engineered bacteria therapy,synthetic biology modification methods,and future challenges and directions of engineered bacteria therapy.展开更多
This paper aims to delve into the legal issues surrounding the transformation of scientific research achievements by university faculty,with a special focus on legal protection and incentive mechanisms during the tran...This paper aims to delve into the legal issues surrounding the transformation of scientific research achievements by university faculty,with a special focus on legal protection and incentive mechanisms during the transformation process.By analyzing the experience of universities in Silicon Valley,USA,in promoting research transformation,including relevant legislation,university policies,and legal safeguards,as well as strategies to maximize the willingness of both universities and faculty for transformation,this paper distills the current successful legal consensuses.Simultaneously,it examines the status quo of the transformation of research achievements in chitosan bioactive materials for medical applications in China,analyzes existing legal deficiencies and urgent issues,and proposes corresponding solutions and recommendations.展开更多
Developing bioactive biomaterials with highly controlled functions is crucial to enhancing their applications in regenerative medicine.Citrate-based polymers are the few bioactive polymer biomaterials used in biomedic...Developing bioactive biomaterials with highly controlled functions is crucial to enhancing their applications in regenerative medicine.Citrate-based polymers are the few bioactive polymer biomaterials used in biomedicine because of their facile synthesis,controllable structure,biocompatibility,biomimetic viscoelastic mechanical behavior,and functional groups available for modification.In recent years,various multifunctional designs and biomedical applications,including cardiovascular,orthopedic,muscle tissue,skin tissue,nerve and spinal cord,bioimaging,and drug or gene delivery based on citrate-based polymers,have been extensively studied,and many of them have good clinical application potential.In this review,we summarize recent progress in the multifunctional design and biomedical applications of citrate-based polymers.We also discuss the further development of multifunctional citrate-based polymers with tailored properties to meet the requirements of various biomedical applications.展开更多
Lateral root perforations are unfortunate procedures during endodontic treatment and often lead to tooth extraction. Conditioning factors such as time, size, location, inappropriate disinfection and sealing, are indis...Lateral root perforations are unfortunate procedures during endodontic treatment and often lead to tooth extraction. Conditioning factors such as time, size, location, inappropriate disinfection and sealing, are indispensable to achieve acceptable long-term outcomes. Calcium silicate cements are bioactive materials used for perforation repair. They can be set in moist environments such as blood, saliva and dentinal fluid making them a reliable material for clinical applications. This case report describes the treatment and repair after a 16-month follow-up of a lateral root perforation of the maxillary lateral incisor.展开更多
Dysregulated inflammation after trauma or infection could result in the further disease and delayed tissue reconstruction.The conventional anti-inflammatory drug treatment suffers to the poor bioavailability and side ...Dysregulated inflammation after trauma or infection could result in the further disease and delayed tissue reconstruction.The conventional anti-inflammatory drug treatment suffers to the poor bioavailability and side effects.Herein,we developed an amphiphilic multifunctional poly(citrate-polyglycol-curcumin)(PCGC)nano oligomer with the robust anti-inflammatory activity for treating acute lung injury(ALI)and Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)infected wound.PCGC demonstrated the sustained curcumin release,inherent photoluminescence,good cellular compatibility,hemocompatibility,robust antioxidant activity and enhanced cellular uptake.PCGC could efficiently scavenge nitrogen-based free radicals,oxygen-based free radicals,and intracellular oxygen species,enhance the endothelial cell migration and reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory factors through the NF-κB signal pathway.Combined the anti-inflammation and antioxidant properties,PCGC can shortened the inflammatory process.In animal model of ALI,PCGC was able to reduce the pulmonary edema,bronchial cell infiltration,and lung inflammation,while exhibiting rapid metabolic behavior in vivo.The MRSA-infection wound model showed that PCGC significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory factors,promoted the angiogenesis and accelerated the wound healing.The transcriptome sequencing and molecular mechanism studies further demonstrated that PCGC could inhibit multiple inflammatory related pathways including TNFAIP3,IL-15RA,NF-κB.This work demonstrates that PCGC is efficient in resolving inflammation and promotes the prospect of application in inflammatory diseases as the drug-loaded therapeutic system.展开更多
Decellularization is the process of obtaining acellular tissues with low immunogenic cellular components from animals or plants while maximizing the retention of the native extracellular matrix structure,mechanical in...Decellularization is the process of obtaining acellular tissues with low immunogenic cellular components from animals or plants while maximizing the retention of the native extracellular matrix structure,mechanical integrity and bioactivity.The decellularized tissue obtained through the tissue decellularization technique retains the structure and bioactive components of its native tissue;it not only exhibits comparatively strong mechanical prop-erties,low immunogenicity and good biocompatibility but also stimulates in situ neovascularization at the implantation site and regulates the polarization process of recruited macrophages,thereby promoting the regeneration of damaged tissue.Consequently,many commercial products have been developed as promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of different tissue defects and lesions,such as wounds,dura,bone and cartilage defects,nerve injuries,myocardial infarction,urethral strictures,corneal blindness and other orthopedic applications.Recently,there has been a growing interest in the decellularization of fish tissues because of the abundance of sources,less religious constraints and risks of zoonosis transmission between mammals.In this review,we provide a complete overview of the state-of-the-art decellularization of fish tissues,including the organs and methods used to prepare acellular tissues.We enumerated common decellularized fish tissues from various fish organs,such as skin,scale,bladder,cartilage,heart and brain,and elaborated their different processing methods and tissue engineering applications.Furthermore,we presented the perspectives of(i)the future development direction of fish tissue decellulariza-tion technology,(ii)expanding the sources of decellularized tissue and(iii)innovating decellularized tissue bio-inks for 3D bioprinting to unleash the great potential of decellularized tissue in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.展开更多
Hydrophilic bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP2)is easily degraded and difficult to load onto hydrophobic carrier materials,which limits the application of polyester materials in bone tissue engineering.Based on soybean...Hydrophilic bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP2)is easily degraded and difficult to load onto hydrophobic carrier materials,which limits the application of polyester materials in bone tissue engineering.Based on soybean-lecithin as an adjuvant biosurfactant,we designed a novel cell-free-scaffold of polymer of poly(ε-caprolactone)and poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-co-polyetherimide with abundant entrapped and continuously released BMP2 for in vivo stem cell-capture and in situ osteogenic induction,avoiding the use of exogenous cells.The optimized bioactive osteo-polyester scaffold(BOPSC),i.e.SBMP-10SC,had a high BMP2 entrapment efficiency of 95.35%.Due to its higher porosity of 83.42%,higher water uptake ratio of 850%,and sustained BMP2 release with polymer degradation,BOPSCs were demonstrated to support excellent in vitro capture,proliferation,migration and osteogenic differentiation of mouse adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells(mADSCs),and performed much better than traditional BMP-10SCs with unmodified BMP2 and single polyester scaffolds(10SCs).Furthermore,in vivo capture and migration of stem cells and differentiation into osteoblasts was observed in mice implanted with BOPSCs without exogenous cells,which enabled allogeneic bone formation with a high bone mineral density and ratios of new bone volume to existing tissue volume after 6 months.The BOPSC is an advanced 3D cell-free platform with sustained BMP2 supply for in situ stem cell capture and osteoinduction in bone tissue engineering with potential for clinical translation.展开更多
Rapid technological improvements in biomaterials,computer-aided design(CAD)and manufacturing(CAM)have endorsed clear aligner therapy(CAT)as a mainstay of orthodontic treatment,and the materials employed for aligner fa...Rapid technological improvements in biomaterials,computer-aided design(CAD)and manufacturing(CAM)have endorsed clear aligner therapy(CAT)as a mainstay of orthodontic treatment,and the materials employed for aligner fabrication play an all-important role in determining the clinical performance of clear aligners.This narrative review has attempted to comprehensively encompass the entire gamut of materials currently used for the fabrication of clear aligners and elucidate their characteristics that are crucial in determining their performance in an oral environment.Historical developments and current protocols in aligner fabrication,features of contemporary bioactive materials,and emerging trends related to CAT are discussed.Advances in aligner material chemistry and engineering possess the potential to bring about radical transformations in the therapeutic applications of CAT;in the absence of which,clear aligners would continue to underperform clinically,due to their inherent biomechanical constraints.Finally,while innovations in aligner materials such as shape memory polymers,direct three-dimensional(3D)printed clear aligners and bioactive materials combined with clear aligner materials are essential to further advance the applications of CAT;increased awareness of environmental responsibilities among aligner manufacturers,aligner prescribing clinicians and aligner users is essential for better alignment of our climate change goals towards a sustainable planet.展开更多
Current treatments for full-thickness skin injuries are still unsatisfactory due to the lack of hierarchically stimulated dressings that can integrate the rapid hemostasis,inflammation regulation,and skin tissue remod...Current treatments for full-thickness skin injuries are still unsatisfactory due to the lack of hierarchically stimulated dressings that can integrate the rapid hemostasis,inflammation regulation,and skin tissue remodeling into the one system instead of single-stage boosting.In this work,a multilayer-structured bioactive glass nanopowder(BGN@PTE)is developed by coating the poly-tannic acid andε-polylysine onto the BGN via facile layer-by-layer assembly as an integrative and multilevel dressing for the sequential management of wounds.In comparison to BGN and poly-tannic acid coated BGN,BGN@PTE exhibited the better hemostatic performance because of its multiple dependent approaches to induce the platelet adhesion/activation,red blood cells(RBCs)aggregation and fibrin network formation.Simultaneously,the bioactive ions from BGN facilitate the regulation of the inflammatory response while the poly-tannic acid and antibacterialε-polylysine prevent the wound infection,promoting the wound healing during the inflammatory stage.In addition,BGN@PTE can serve as a reactive oxygen species scavenger,alleviate the oxidation stress in wound injury,induce the cell migration and angiogenesis,and promote the proliferation stage of wound repair.Therefore,BGN@PTE demonstrated the significantly higher wound repair capacity than the commercial bioglass dressing Dermlin™.This multifunctional BGN@PTE is a potentially valuable dressing for full-thickness wound management and may be expected to extend to the other wounds therapy.展开更多
基金support from Qinghai Province basic research project(2024-ZJ-760)Changzhou Sci&Tech Program(CZ20240029)+1 种基金Science and Technology Project of Changzhou Health Commission(QN202356)Top Talent of Changzhou“The 14th Five-Year Plan”High-Level Health Talents Training Project(2022CZBJ059 and 2022CZBJ061).
文摘Introduction The global burden of orthopedic diseases has reached unprecedented levels,with recent epidemiological data revealing that musculoskeletal conditions affect over 1.71 billion people worldwide,representing a 150%increase since 1990[1].By 2050,the number of individuals aged 60 and above requiring orthopedic interventions is projected to exceed 2.1 billion,with osteoporosis alone affecting 200 million people globally.
基金supported in part by the National Nature Science Foundation of China[92268206,81830064]the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences[CIFMS,2019-I2M-5-059]+2 种基金the Military Medical Research Projects[145AKJ260015000X,2022-JCJQ-ZB-09600,2020-JCJQ-ZD-256-021]the Military Medical Research and Development Projects[AWS17J005,2019-126]the Specific Research Fund of The Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province[YSPTZX202317].
文摘Loss of sweat glands(SwGs)commonly associated with extensive skin defects is a leading cause of hyperthermia and heat stroke.In vivo tissue engineering possesses the potential to take use of the body natural ability to regenerate SwGs,making it more conducive to clinical translation.Despite recent advances in regenerative medicine,reconstructing SwG tissue with the same structure and function as native tissue remains challenging.Elucidating the SwG generation mechanism and developing biomaterials for in vivo tissue engineering is essential for understanding and developing in vivo SwG regenerative strategies.Here,we outline the cell biology associated with functional wound healing and the characteristics of bioactive materials.We critically summarize the recent progress in bioactive material-based cell modulation approaches for in vivo SwG regeneration,including the recruitment of endogenous cells to the skin lesion for SwG regeneration and in vivo cellular reprogramming for SwG regeneration.We discussed the re-establishment of microenvironment via bioactive material-mediated regulators.Besides,we offer promising perspectives for directing in situ SwG regeneration via bioactive material-based cell-free strategy,which is a simple and effective approach to regenerate SwG tissue with both fidelity of structure and function.Finally,we discuss the opportunities and challenges of in vivo SwG regeneration in detail.The molecular mechanisms and cell fate modulation of in vivo SwG regeneration will provide further insights into the regeneration of patient-specific SwGs and the development of potential intervention strategies for gland-derived diseases.
基金This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public,commercial,or not-for-profit sectors.We thank Mr.Philip Alarcon-Furman for assistance with English editing,and for comments that greatly improved the manuscript.
文摘In recent years,there have been increasingly rapid advances of using bioactive materials in tissue engineering applications.Bioactive materials constitute many different structures based upon ceramic,metallic or polymeric materials,and can elicit specific tissue responses.However,most of them are relatively brittle,stiff,and difficult to form into complex shapes.Hence,there has been a growing demand for preparing materials with tailored physical,biological,and mechanical properties,as well as predictable degradation behavior.Chitosan-based materials have been shown to be ideal bioactive materials due to their outstanding properties such as formability into different structures,and fabricability with a wide range of bioactive materials,in addition to their biocompatibility and biodegradability.This review highlights scientific findings concerning the use of innovative chitosan-based bioactive materials in the fields of tissue engineering,with an outlook into their future applications.It also covers latest developments in terms of constituents,fabrication technologies,structural,and bioactive properties of these materials that may represent an effective solution for tissue engineering materials,making them a realistic clinical alternative in the near future.
基金This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agree-ment No 739566.
文摘The incorporation of gallium into bioactive materials has been reported to enhance osteogenesis,to influence blood clotting,and to induce anti-cancer and anti-bacterial activity.Gallium-doped biomaterials prepared by various techniques include melt-derived and sol-gel-derived bioactive glasses,calcium phosphate bioceramics,metals and coatings.In this review,we summarize the recently reported developments in antibacterial,anti-cancer,osteogenesis,and hemostasis properties of Ga-doped biomaterials and briefly outline the mechanisms leading to Ga biological effects.The key finding is that gallium addition to biomaterials has great potential for treating bone-related diseases since it can be efficiently transferred to the desired region at a controllable rate.Besides,it can be used as a potential substitute for antibiotics for the inhibition of infections during the initial and advanced phases of the wound healing process.Ga is also used as an anticancer agent due to the increased concentration of gallium around excessive cell proliferation(tumor)sites.Moreover,we highlight the possibility to design different therapeutic approaches aimed at increasing the efficiency of the use of gallium containing bioactive materials for multifunctional applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0700802)Natural Sciences Foundation of China(31670991)+3 种基金Major projects of the National Social Science Funding(17ZDA019)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81671829)Intergovernmental cooperation in science and technology(2016YFE0125300)Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(2017THZWYX07).
文摘The fate of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)is regulated by biological,physical and chemical signals.Developments in biotechnology and materials science promoted the occurrence of bioactive materials which can provide physical and chemical signals for MSCs to regulate their fate.In order to design and synthesize materials that can precisely regulate the fate of MSCs,the relationship between the properties of materials and the fate of mesenchymal stem cells need to be clarified,in which the detection of the fate of mesenchymal stem cells plays an important role.In the past 30 years,a series of detection technologies have been developed to detect the fate of MSCs regulated by bioactive materials,among which high-throughput technology has shown great advantages due to its ability to detect large amounts of data at one time.In this review,the latest research progresses of detecting the fate of MSCs regulated by bone bioactive materials(BBMs)are systematically reviewed from traditional technology to high-throughput technology which is emphasized especially.Moreover,current problems and the future development direction of detection technologies of the MSCs fate regulated by BBMs are prospected.The aim of this review is to provide a detection technical framework for researchers to establish the relationship between the properties of BMMs and the fate of MSCs,so as to help researchers to design and synthesize BBMs better which can precisely regulate the fate of MSCs.
基金The work described in this paper was fully supported by a grant from the NSFC/RGC Joint Research Scheme sponsored by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.N-HKU706/20).
文摘Conventional dental materials lack of the hierarchical architecture of enamel that exhibits excellent intrinsic-extrinsic mechanical properties.Moreover,restorative failures frequently occur due to physical and chemical mismatch between artificial materials and native dental hard tissue followed by recurrent caries which is caused by sugar-fermenting,acidogenic bacteria invasion of the defective cite.In order to resolve the limitations of the conventional dental materials,the aim of this study was to establish a non-cell-based biomimetic strategy to fabricate a novel bioactive material with enamel-like structure and antibacterial adhesion property.The evaporation-based,bottom-up and self-assembly method with layer-by-layer technique were used to form a large-area fluorapatite crystal layer containing antibacterial components.The multilayered structure was constructed by hydrothermal growth of the fluorapatite crystal layer and highly conformal adsorption to the crystal surface of a polyelectrolyte matrix film.Characterization and mechanical assessment demonstrated that the synthesized bioactive material resembled the native enamel in chemical components,mechanical properties and crystallographic structure.Antibacterial and cytocompatibility evaluation demonstrated that this material had the antibacterial adhesion property and biocompatibility.In combination with the molecular dynamics simulations to reveal the effects of variables on the crystallization mechanism,this study brings new prospects for the synthesis of enamel-inspired materials.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21304099,51373177,315220023,51573188)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2014AA020708)+1 种基金the“Strategic Priority Research Program”of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA09030301-3)the Beijing National Science Foundation(Grant No.Z141100000214010).
文摘Glioblastoma is the most common and deadly human brain cancers.Unique barriers hinder the drug delivering pathway due to the individual position of glioblastoma,including blood-brain barrier and blood-brain tumor barrier.Numerous bioactive materials have been exploited and applied as the transvascular delivery carriers of therapeutic drugs.They promote site-specific accumulation and long term release of the encapsulated drugs at the tumor sites and reduce side effects with systemic delivery.And the delivery systems exhibit a certain extent of anti-glioblastoma effect and extend the median survival time.However,few of them step into the clinical trials.In this review,we will investigate the recent studies of bioactive materials for glioblastoma chemotherapy,including the inorganic materials,lipids and polymers.These bioactive materials construct diverse delivery vehicles to trigger tumor sites in brain intravenously.Herein,we exploit their functionality in drug delivery and discuss the deficiency for the featured tumors,to provide guidance for establishing optimized therapeutic drug formulation for anti-glioblastoma therapy and pave the way for clinical application.
基金supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,No.2023YFS0164 (to JC)。
文摘Traumatic brain injury is a serious medical condition that can be attributed to falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries and acts of violence, causing a series of neural injuries and neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, limited accessibility to the injury sites, complicated histological and anatomical structure, intricate cellular and extracellular milieu, lack of regenerative capacity in the native cells, vast variety of damage routes, and the insufficient time available for treatment have restricted the widespread application of several therapeutic methods in cases of central nervous system injury. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have emerged as innovative approaches in the field of nerve regeneration. By combining biomaterials, stem cells, and growth factors, these approaches have provided a platform for developing effective treatments for neural injuries, which can offer the potential to restore neural function, improve patient outcomes, and reduce the need for drugs and invasive surgical procedures. Biomaterials have shown advantages in promoting neural development, inhibiting glial scar formation, and providing a suitable biomimetic neural microenvironment, which makes their application promising in the field of neural regeneration. For instance, bioactive scaffolds loaded with stem cells can provide a biocompatible and biodegradable milieu. Furthermore, stem cells-derived exosomes combine the advantages of stem cells, avoid the risk of immune rejection, cooperate with biomaterials to enhance their biological functions, and exert stable functions, thereby inducing angiogenesis and neural regeneration in patients with traumatic brain injury and promoting the recovery of brain function. Unfortunately, biomaterials have shown positive effects in the laboratory, but when similar materials are used in clinical studies of human central nervous system regeneration, their efficacy is unsatisfactory. Here, we review the characteristics and properties of various bioactive materials, followed by the introduction of applications based on biochemistry and cell molecules, and discuss the emerging role of biomaterials in promoting neural regeneration. Further, we summarize the adaptive biomaterials infused with exosomes produced from stem cells and stem cells themselves for the treatment of traumatic brain injury. Finally, we present the main limitations of biomaterials for the treatment of traumatic brain injury and offer insights into their future potential.
基金supported by the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China,No.YG2021QN60(both to WL)Fundamental Research Program Funding of Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,China,No.JYZZ086B(both to WL).
文摘Neurotrophic factors,currently administered orally or by intravenous drip or intramuscular injection,are the main method for the treatment of peripheral nerve crush injury.However,the low effective drug concentration arriving at the injury site results in unsatisfactory outcomes.Therefore,there is an urgent need for a treatment method that can increase the effective drug concentration in the injured area.In this study,we first fabricated a gelatin modified by methacrylic anhydride hydrogel and loaded it with vascular endothelial growth factor that allowed the controlled release of the neurotrophic factor.This modified gelatin exhibited good physical and chemical properties,biocompatibility and supported the adhesion and proliferation of RSC96 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells.When injected into the epineurium of crushed nerves,the composite hydrogel in the rat sciatic nerve crush injury model promoted nerve regeneration,functional recovery and vascularization.The results showed that the modified gelatin gave sustained delivery of vascular endothelial growth factors and accelerated the repair of crushed peripheral nerves.
文摘In order to form the apatite nuclei on a surface of the substrate, the substrate was placed on or in CaO, SiO2-based glass particles which were soaked in a simulated body fluid with ion concentrations nearly e-qual to those of human blood plasma, and to make the apatite nuclei grow on the substrate in situ, the substrate, was soaked in another solution highly supersaturated with respect to the apatite. The induction period for the apatite nucleation varied from 0 to 4 days depending on the kind of the substrate. The thickness of the apatite layer increases linearly with increasing soaking time in the second solution. The rate of growth of the apatite layer increases with increasing degree of the supersaturation and temperature of the second solution, reaching 7um/d in a solution with ion concentrations which is as 1.5 times as those of the simulated body fluid at 60℃. The adhesive strength of the apatite layer to the substrate varies depending on the kind and roughness of the substrate. Polyethyleneterephthalate and polyethersulfone plates abraded with No. 400 diamond paste show adhesive strengths of as high as 4 MPa. This type of composite of the bone-like apatite with metals, ceramics and organic polymers might be useful not only as highly biaactive hard tissue-repairing materials with analogous mechanical properties to those of the hard tissues , but also as highly biocompatible soft tissue-repairing materials with ductility.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNos.82272171 (to ZY),82271403 (to XL),31971279 (to ZY),81941011 (to XL),31730030 (to XL)。
文摘It has long been asserted that failure to recover from central nervous system diseases is due to the system's intricate structure and the regenerative incapacity of adult neurons.Yet over recent decades,numerous studies have established that endogenous neurogenesis occurs in the adult central nervous system,including humans'.This has challenged the long-held scientific consensus that the number of adult neurons remains constant,and that new central nervous system neurons cannot be created or renewed.Herein,we present a comprehensive overview of the alterations and regulatory mechanisms of endogenous neurogenesis following central nervous system injury,and describe novel treatment strategies that to rget endogenous neurogenesis and newborn neurons in the treatment of central nervous system injury.Central nervous system injury frequently results in alterations of endogenous neurogenesis,encompassing the activation,proliferation,ectopic migration,diffe rentiation,and functional integration of endogenous neural stem cells.Because of the unfavorable local microenvironment,most activated neural stem cells diffe rentiate into glial cells rather than neurons.Consequently,the injury-induced endogenous neurogenesis response is inadequate for repairing impaired neural function.Scientists have attempted to enhance endogenous neurogenesis using various strategies,including using neurotrophic factors,bioactive materials,and cell reprogramming techniques.Used alone or in combination,these therapeutic strategies can promote targeted migration of neural stem cells to an injured area,ensure their survival and diffe rentiation into mature functional neurons,and facilitate their integration into the neural circuit.Thus can integration re plenish lost neurons after central nervous system injury,by improving the local microenvironment.By regulating each phase of endogenous neurogenesis,endogenous neural stem cells can be harnessed to promote effective regeneration of newborn neurons.This offers a novel approach for treating central nervous system injury.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62375093 and 32422042)Technology Innovation Program of Hubei Province(2024BCB058)。
文摘The unique physiological characteristics and complexity of tumor,in addition to drug resistance result in traditional therapies,such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy,being unable to achieve complete elimination of cancer cells.Meanwhile,the emerging immunotherapy suffers from a low patient response rate.Bacterial therapies are highly targeted.Bacteria can penetrate deep into the tumor and show good tumor inhibition.However,natural bacteria have the limitation of high toxicity and inability to meet the demand for efficient therapeutics.Recent advances in synthetic biology and materials science relate to the safety and efficacy of bacterial therapeutics,promising to develop engineered bacteria with low toxicity and complex therapeutic functions.Engineered bacteria that express anticancer drug molecules can target the tumor region,synthesizing and releasing payloads in response to internal and external stimuli.This process leads to the regression of the tumor and the effective inhibition of recurrence.This review outlines the recent advancements in the field of engineered bacteria research,particularly focusing on their applications in anti-tumor therapy.It also includes the advantageous features and mechanisms of engineered bacteria therapy,synthetic biology modification methods,and future challenges and directions of engineered bacteria therapy.
文摘This paper aims to delve into the legal issues surrounding the transformation of scientific research achievements by university faculty,with a special focus on legal protection and incentive mechanisms during the transformation process.By analyzing the experience of universities in Silicon Valley,USA,in promoting research transformation,including relevant legislation,university policies,and legal safeguards,as well as strategies to maximize the willingness of both universities and faculty for transformation,this paper distills the current successful legal consensuses.Simultaneously,it examines the status quo of the transformation of research achievements in chitosan bioactive materials for medical applications in China,analyzes existing legal deficiencies and urgent issues,and proposes corresponding solutions and recommendations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.52172288)Special Support Program for High Level Talents of Shaanxi Province of China(grant No.TZ0278)+4 种基金the key R&D plan of Shaanxi Province of China(grant No.2021GXLH-Z-052)State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering of China(grant No.sklms2021006)Young Talent Support Plan of Xi’an Jiaotong University of China(grant No.QY6J003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant No.xzy012021075)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant No.2021M702644).
文摘Developing bioactive biomaterials with highly controlled functions is crucial to enhancing their applications in regenerative medicine.Citrate-based polymers are the few bioactive polymer biomaterials used in biomedicine because of their facile synthesis,controllable structure,biocompatibility,biomimetic viscoelastic mechanical behavior,and functional groups available for modification.In recent years,various multifunctional designs and biomedical applications,including cardiovascular,orthopedic,muscle tissue,skin tissue,nerve and spinal cord,bioimaging,and drug or gene delivery based on citrate-based polymers,have been extensively studied,and many of them have good clinical application potential.In this review,we summarize recent progress in the multifunctional design and biomedical applications of citrate-based polymers.We also discuss the further development of multifunctional citrate-based polymers with tailored properties to meet the requirements of various biomedical applications.
文摘Lateral root perforations are unfortunate procedures during endodontic treatment and often lead to tooth extraction. Conditioning factors such as time, size, location, inappropriate disinfection and sealing, are indispensable to achieve acceptable long-term outcomes. Calcium silicate cements are bioactive materials used for perforation repair. They can be set in moist environments such as blood, saliva and dentinal fluid making them a reliable material for clinical applications. This case report describes the treatment and repair after a 16-month follow-up of a lateral root perforation of the maxillary lateral incisor.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.52172288)Young Talent Support Plan of Xi'an Jiaotong University of China(grant No.QY6J003)。
文摘Dysregulated inflammation after trauma or infection could result in the further disease and delayed tissue reconstruction.The conventional anti-inflammatory drug treatment suffers to the poor bioavailability and side effects.Herein,we developed an amphiphilic multifunctional poly(citrate-polyglycol-curcumin)(PCGC)nano oligomer with the robust anti-inflammatory activity for treating acute lung injury(ALI)and Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)infected wound.PCGC demonstrated the sustained curcumin release,inherent photoluminescence,good cellular compatibility,hemocompatibility,robust antioxidant activity and enhanced cellular uptake.PCGC could efficiently scavenge nitrogen-based free radicals,oxygen-based free radicals,and intracellular oxygen species,enhance the endothelial cell migration and reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory factors through the NF-κB signal pathway.Combined the anti-inflammation and antioxidant properties,PCGC can shortened the inflammatory process.In animal model of ALI,PCGC was able to reduce the pulmonary edema,bronchial cell infiltration,and lung inflammation,while exhibiting rapid metabolic behavior in vivo.The MRSA-infection wound model showed that PCGC significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory factors,promoted the angiogenesis and accelerated the wound healing.The transcriptome sequencing and molecular mechanism studies further demonstrated that PCGC could inhibit multiple inflammatory related pathways including TNFAIP3,IL-15RA,NF-κB.This work demonstrates that PCGC is efficient in resolving inflammation and promotes the prospect of application in inflammatory diseases as the drug-loaded therapeutic system.
基金supported by the Taizhou Science and Technology Plan Project(22ywb146)the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(2023C04043)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(22377021)the startup grants from Wenzhou Institute,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(WIUCASQD2019002,WIUCASQD2021025).
文摘Decellularization is the process of obtaining acellular tissues with low immunogenic cellular components from animals or plants while maximizing the retention of the native extracellular matrix structure,mechanical integrity and bioactivity.The decellularized tissue obtained through the tissue decellularization technique retains the structure and bioactive components of its native tissue;it not only exhibits comparatively strong mechanical prop-erties,low immunogenicity and good biocompatibility but also stimulates in situ neovascularization at the implantation site and regulates the polarization process of recruited macrophages,thereby promoting the regeneration of damaged tissue.Consequently,many commercial products have been developed as promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of different tissue defects and lesions,such as wounds,dura,bone and cartilage defects,nerve injuries,myocardial infarction,urethral strictures,corneal blindness and other orthopedic applications.Recently,there has been a growing interest in the decellularization of fish tissues because of the abundance of sources,less religious constraints and risks of zoonosis transmission between mammals.In this review,we provide a complete overview of the state-of-the-art decellularization of fish tissues,including the organs and methods used to prepare acellular tissues.We enumerated common decellularized fish tissues from various fish organs,such as skin,scale,bladder,cartilage,heart and brain,and elaborated their different processing methods and tissue engineering applications.Furthermore,we presented the perspectives of(i)the future development direction of fish tissue decellulariza-tion technology,(ii)expanding the sources of decellularized tissue and(iii)innovating decellularized tissue bio-inks for 3D bioprinting to unleash the great potential of decellularized tissue in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
基金Grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31900950,31670991 and 52072210)National Key Research and Development Project of China(Grant No.2018YFA0900100).
文摘Hydrophilic bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP2)is easily degraded and difficult to load onto hydrophobic carrier materials,which limits the application of polyester materials in bone tissue engineering.Based on soybean-lecithin as an adjuvant biosurfactant,we designed a novel cell-free-scaffold of polymer of poly(ε-caprolactone)and poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-co-polyetherimide with abundant entrapped and continuously released BMP2 for in vivo stem cell-capture and in situ osteogenic induction,avoiding the use of exogenous cells.The optimized bioactive osteo-polyester scaffold(BOPSC),i.e.SBMP-10SC,had a high BMP2 entrapment efficiency of 95.35%.Due to its higher porosity of 83.42%,higher water uptake ratio of 850%,and sustained BMP2 release with polymer degradation,BOPSCs were demonstrated to support excellent in vitro capture,proliferation,migration and osteogenic differentiation of mouse adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells(mADSCs),and performed much better than traditional BMP-10SCs with unmodified BMP2 and single polyester scaffolds(10SCs).Furthermore,in vivo capture and migration of stem cells and differentiation into osteoblasts was observed in mice implanted with BOPSCs without exogenous cells,which enabled allogeneic bone formation with a high bone mineral density and ratios of new bone volume to existing tissue volume after 6 months.The BOPSC is an advanced 3D cell-free platform with sustained BMP2 supply for in situ stem cell capture and osteoinduction in bone tissue engineering with potential for clinical translation.
文摘Rapid technological improvements in biomaterials,computer-aided design(CAD)and manufacturing(CAM)have endorsed clear aligner therapy(CAT)as a mainstay of orthodontic treatment,and the materials employed for aligner fabrication play an all-important role in determining the clinical performance of clear aligners.This narrative review has attempted to comprehensively encompass the entire gamut of materials currently used for the fabrication of clear aligners and elucidate their characteristics that are crucial in determining their performance in an oral environment.Historical developments and current protocols in aligner fabrication,features of contemporary bioactive materials,and emerging trends related to CAT are discussed.Advances in aligner material chemistry and engineering possess the potential to bring about radical transformations in the therapeutic applications of CAT;in the absence of which,clear aligners would continue to underperform clinically,due to their inherent biomechanical constraints.Finally,while innovations in aligner materials such as shape memory polymers,direct three-dimensional(3D)printed clear aligners and bioactive materials combined with clear aligner materials are essential to further advance the applications of CAT;increased awareness of environmental responsibilities among aligner manufacturers,aligner prescribing clinicians and aligner users is essential for better alignment of our climate change goals towards a sustainable planet.
基金This work was supported by the Special Support Program for High Level Talents of Shaanxi Province of China,the key R&D plan of Shaanxi Province of China(grant No.2021GXLH-Z-052)State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering of China(grant No.sklms2021006)Young Talent Support Plan of Xi’an Jiaotong University of China(grant No.QY6J003).
文摘Current treatments for full-thickness skin injuries are still unsatisfactory due to the lack of hierarchically stimulated dressings that can integrate the rapid hemostasis,inflammation regulation,and skin tissue remodeling into the one system instead of single-stage boosting.In this work,a multilayer-structured bioactive glass nanopowder(BGN@PTE)is developed by coating the poly-tannic acid andε-polylysine onto the BGN via facile layer-by-layer assembly as an integrative and multilevel dressing for the sequential management of wounds.In comparison to BGN and poly-tannic acid coated BGN,BGN@PTE exhibited the better hemostatic performance because of its multiple dependent approaches to induce the platelet adhesion/activation,red blood cells(RBCs)aggregation and fibrin network formation.Simultaneously,the bioactive ions from BGN facilitate the regulation of the inflammatory response while the poly-tannic acid and antibacterialε-polylysine prevent the wound infection,promoting the wound healing during the inflammatory stage.In addition,BGN@PTE can serve as a reactive oxygen species scavenger,alleviate the oxidation stress in wound injury,induce the cell migration and angiogenesis,and promote the proliferation stage of wound repair.Therefore,BGN@PTE demonstrated the significantly higher wound repair capacity than the commercial bioglass dressing Dermlin™.This multifunctional BGN@PTE is a potentially valuable dressing for full-thickness wound management and may be expected to extend to the other wounds therapy.
