Transition metal chalcogenides have nowadays garnered burgeoning interest owing to their fascinating electronic and catalytic properties,thus possessing great implications for energy conversion and storage application...Transition metal chalcogenides have nowadays garnered burgeoning interest owing to their fascinating electronic and catalytic properties,thus possessing great implications for energy conversion and storage applications.In this regard,their controllable synthesis in a large scale at low cost has readily become a focus of research.Herein we report diatomite-template generic and scalable production of VS2 and other transition metal sulfides targeting emerging energy conversion and storage applications.The conformal growth of VS2over diatomite template would endow them with defect-abundant features.Throughout detailed experimental investigation in combination with theoretical simulation,we reveal that the enriched active sites/sulfur vacancies of thus-derived VS2 architectures would pose positive impacts on the catalytic performance such in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions.We further show that the favorable electrical conductivity and highly exposed sites of VS2 hold promise for serving as sulfur host in the realm of Li-S batteries.Our work offers new insights into the templated and customized synthesis of defect-rich sulfides in a scalable fashion to benefit multifunctional energy applications.展开更多
Visible light photocatalytic degradation is a promising advanced oxidation process for the removal of antibiotics in wastewater.However,this technology currently has problems that are not suitable for large-scale appl...Visible light photocatalytic degradation is a promising advanced oxidation process for the removal of antibiotics in wastewater.However,this technology currently has problems that are not suitable for large-scale applications,mainly due to the high cost of development and preparation of efficient photocatalysts.Therefore,the preparation of low-cost,high-efficiency and environmentally friendly semiconductor photocatalysts is still a hot research topic.In this study,rare earth metal Ce-doped porous Bi_(2)O_(3)-based biomorphic photocatalysts were prepared by a combination of solvothermal method and tem plate method using natural rapeseed pollen as a green template.Ce/Bi_(2)O_(3) synthesized by the optimal process shows a pollen-shaped porous stru cture with high dispersion and integrity,high purity and large specific surface area.Ce in the catalysts with different doping amounts coexists in two mixed valence states of Ce^(4+)and Ce^(3+),and Ce doping increases the percentage of oxygen vacancies.The higher specific surface area of the catalyst also provides more active sites and reaction surface area.When the doping amount of Ce is 5 mol%,the efficiency of tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH)degradation under visible light can reach more than 96%after 180 min.The rate constant is 6.37 times higher than that of commercially available Bi_(2)O_(3)(CHB).Through the analysis of intermediate products,the possible degradation path of TCH is obtained,and the phenomenon of intermediate accumulation in the initial stage was explored.The prepared photocatalysts have excellent stability and high reusability,and have a large advantage in comprehensive economy.Therefore,this study provides a reference for the preparation of low-cost rare earth metal doped photocatalysts with special morphology for the degradation of antibiotic wastewater.展开更多
Biomimetic nano CeO2 materials were prepared by using bean sprouts as bio-template through impregnation and thermal decomposition. For characterization of structure, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy （XRD）, field emiss...Biomimetic nano CeO2 materials were prepared by using bean sprouts as bio-template through impregnation and thermal decomposition. For characterization of structure, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy （XRD）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra （UV-Vis/DRS） nitrogen adsorp- tion-desorption measurements and Labsolar H2 system were adopted. The results demonstrated that the samples prepared at 550 ℃ not only completely removed the original bio-template, but also retained the morphology and microstructure of bean sprouts. Then the biomorphic structure of fluorite structure CeO2 material was obtained. Micro-pores with a diameter of about 2-3 nm were distributed among the particles, which provided more favorable channel for the photocatalytic reaction. Biomimetic CeO2 materials exhibited clear red shift （50 nm） compared with powder CeO2, which could be excited by visible irradiation. Biomimetic CeO2 materials dis- played the superior photocatalytic activity for the hydrogen production by water splitting under the sunlight irradiation, the hydrogen yield could reach 400 ktmol/g catalyst after 6 h.展开更多
CeO2 hollow microspheres were prepared through a facile method by using yeast cells as bio-templates. The yeast pro- vided a solid flame for the deposition of cerium hydroxide to form the hybrid Ce（OH）3@yeast precur...CeO2 hollow microspheres were prepared through a facile method by using yeast cells as bio-templates. The yeast pro- vided a solid flame for the deposition of cerium hydroxide to form the hybrid Ce（OH）3@yeast precursor. The resulting CeO2 hollow microspheres were obtained by calcining the precursor. The products were characterized by field emission scanning electron micros- copy （FE-SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, N2 adsorption/desorption analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectrum （XPS） and H2 temperature programmed reduction （H2-TPR） It was found that the products fully retained the morphology of the yeast cells and the size of the hollow microspheres was about 1.5-2 μm. The catalytic test results showed that the as-obtained hollow CeO2 microspheres possessed a higher catalytic activity in CO oxidation than the commercial CeO2, which attributed to their higher surface area, hollow structure and superior reducibility. This study provided a promising route for the preparation of a variety of other inorganic hollow microspheres.展开更多
Nanomaterials are materials in which at least one of the dimensions of the particles is 100 nm and below.There are many types of nanomaterials,but noble metal nanoparticles are of interest due to their uniquely large ...Nanomaterials are materials in which at least one of the dimensions of the particles is 100 nm and below.There are many types of nanomaterials,but noble metal nanoparticles are of interest due to their uniquely large surface-to-volume ratio,high surface area,optical and electronic properties,high stability,easy synthesis,and tunable surface functionalization.More importantly,noble metal nanoparticles are known to have excellent compatibility with bio-materials,which is why they are widely used in biological applications.The synthesis method of noble metal nanoparticles conventionally involves the reduction of the noble metal salt precursor by toxic reaction agents such as NaBH4,hydrazine,and formaldehyde.This is a major drawback for researchers involved in biological application researches.Hence,the bio-synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles(NPs)by bio-materials via bio-reduction provides an alternative method to synthesize noble metal nanoparticles which are potentially non-toxic and safer for biological application.In this review,the bio-synthesis of noble metal nanoparticle including gold nanoparticle(AuNPs),silver nanoparticle(AgNPs),platinum nanoparticle(PtNPs),and palladium nanoparticle(PdNPs)are first discussed.This is followed by a discussion of these biosynthesized noble metal in biological applications including antimicrobial,wound healing,anticancer drug,and bioimaging.Based on these,it can be concluded that the study on bio-synthesized noble metal nanoparticles will expand further involving bio-reduction by unexplored bio-materials.However,many questions remain on the feasibility of bio-synthesized noble metal nanoparticles to replace existing methods on various biological applications.Nevertheless,the current development of the biological application by bio-synthesized noble metal NPs is still intensively ongoing,and will eventually reach the goal of full commercialization.展开更多
Skin-like electronics research aiming to mimic even surpass human-like specific tactile cognition by operating perception-to-cognition-to-feedback of stimulus to build intelligent cognition systems for certain imperce...Skin-like electronics research aiming to mimic even surpass human-like specific tactile cognition by operating perception-to-cognition-to-feedback of stimulus to build intelligent cognition systems for certain imperceptible or inappreciable signals was so attractive.Herein,we constructed an all-in-one tri-modal pressure sensing wearable device to address the issue of power supply by integrating multistage microstructured ionic skin(MM i-skin)and thermoelectric self-power staffs,which exhibits high sensitivity simultaneously.The MM i-skin with multi-stage“interlocked”configurations achieved precise recognition of subtle signals,where the sensitivity reached up to 3.95 kPa^(−1),as well as response time of 46 ms,cyclic stability(over 1500 cycles),a wide detection range of 0–200 kPa.Furthermore,we developed the thermoelectricity nanogenerator,piezoelectricity nanogenerator,and piezocapacitive sensing as an integrated tri-modal pressure sensing,denoted as P-iskin,T-iskin,and C-iskin,respectively.This multifunctional ionic skin enables real-time monitoring of weak body signals,rehab guidance,and robotic motion recognition,demonstrating potential for Internet of things(IoT)applications involving the artificial intelligence-motivated sapiential healthcare Internet(SHI)and widely distributed human-machine interaction(HMI).展开更多
Tremendous research efforts have been aimed at ever-increasing worldwide energy demand. For this purpose, the hybrid supercapacitor power cell were prepared composing 3D porous graphene decorated with Co_3O_4-CeO_2 na...Tremendous research efforts have been aimed at ever-increasing worldwide energy demand. For this purpose, the hybrid supercapacitor power cell were prepared composing 3D porous graphene decorated with Co_3O_4-CeO_2 nano-particles herein by using flower stem as biotemplate. The resulting samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy（FESEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, Raman spectra, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy（XRD）, nitrogen adsorption and desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectrogram（XPS）, and electrochemical test. The 3D graphene acted as an excellent carrier together with Co_3O_4-CeO_2 nano-particles, boosting the specific capacitance of composite（221 F/g）, which exceeded the theoretical value limit. This facile biotemplate method of research provided an eco-friendly and cut-price route to obtain high-quality graphene and Co_3O_4-CeO_2nano-composites owing to the unique porous structure derived from original template（flower stem）. The finding presented a simple strategy for fabrication of novel energy storage devices.展开更多
The synthesis of gold nanoclusters within protein structures,such as TetX2 monooxygenase,presents a promising approach for obtaining nanostructures with enzyme-like activity.This is attributed to the presence of vario...The synthesis of gold nanoclusters within protein structures,such as TetX2 monooxygenase,presents a promising approach for obtaining nanostructures with enzyme-like activity.This is attributed to the presence of various amino acid groups that serve as biological templates for the formation and reduction of gold.The low toxicity,biocompatibility,solubility in aqueous systems,and specific fluorescence spectrum of these nanostructures enhance their utility in the detection of various analytes.The research involved expressing and purifying the recombinant enzyme TetX2,synthesizing gold on the TetX2 substrate,and investigating the effect of nanoclusters on the activity and structure of the TetX2 enzyme.The synthesis of gold nanoclusters(AuNCs)was carried out within the structure of TetX2.Finally,the accuracy of the AuNCs synthesis was verified by examining the morphology,size,spectroscopy,and catalytic activity.Results showed changes in the tertiary structure of the TetX2 enzyme in the presence of HAuCl4,loss of enzyme activity after the formation of gold nanoclusters,and successful incorporation of gold into the structure of TetX2.TetX2@AuNCs emitted blue light at 450 nm,and their catalytic properties were demonstrated through color changes in a chromogenic substrate(3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine-H2O2),indicating their authenticity.TetX2 is proposed as a new bio-template forthe synthesis of gold nanoclusters,with potential applications in biosensor design(Graphical abstract).展开更多
With the increasing global demand for sustainable energy and environmental solutions,the development of efficient,cost-effective,and eco-friendly electrocatalysts has become a key area of research.Microorganisms,with ...With the increasing global demand for sustainable energy and environmental solutions,the development of efficient,cost-effective,and eco-friendly electrocatalysts has become a key area of research.Microorganisms,with their distinctive microstructures,abundant functional groups,and diverse metabolic activities,offer innovative pathways for the green synthesis of electrocatalysts.This review first systematically summarizes microbial-derived electrocatalysts by using microorganisms(bacteria,fungi,viruses)as templates and metabolites,e.g.,extracellular polymers,bacterial cellulose as mediates,and their applications in various representative electrocatalytic reactions,including hydrogen evolution reaction,oxygen evolution reaction,and oxygen reduction reaction.We then particularly focus on the application of microbial-derived electrocatalysts in CO_(2)reduction reaction.Microorganisms not only serve as structural templates to impart high surface areas and ordered pores to catalysts but also facilitate the introduction of active sites through metabolic processes,significantly enhancing catalytic efficiency toward the optimization of reduction products.Finally,the current challenges as well as future optimization strategies are proposed in the field of microbial-derived electrocatalysts.This work offers a guideline for the design of microbialmediated catalytic materials,advancing new strategies toward achieving carbon neutrality.展开更多
The spherical silver mirco/nano-particles with narrow size distributions were obtained by chemical reduction of silver ammonia solution with ascorbic acid as reducing agent and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as bio-templa...The spherical silver mirco/nano-particles with narrow size distributions were obtained by chemical reduction of silver ammonia solution with ascorbic acid as reducing agent and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as bio-template. The effects of the concentration of Ag+ ions, BSA and ammonia, reactive temperature on the silver morphology and particle sizes were investigated. SEM, TEM and XRD were employed to characterize the morphology and structures of the prepared silver mirco/nano-particles. The results show that the spherical silver particle with smooth surface and narrow size distributions can be obtained by controlling the concentration of Ag+ ions, BSA, reaction temperature, etc. By controlling the above parameters, the silver spherical mirco/nano-particles with particle sizes ranging from 0.2 to 2.3 m can be well prepared, which is expected to be used in manufacturing high performance electronic pastes.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.51702225,21671059,51702218)Jiangsu Youth Science Foundation(no.BK20170336)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT-17R36).
文摘Transition metal chalcogenides have nowadays garnered burgeoning interest owing to their fascinating electronic and catalytic properties,thus possessing great implications for energy conversion and storage applications.In this regard,their controllable synthesis in a large scale at low cost has readily become a focus of research.Herein we report diatomite-template generic and scalable production of VS2 and other transition metal sulfides targeting emerging energy conversion and storage applications.The conformal growth of VS2over diatomite template would endow them with defect-abundant features.Throughout detailed experimental investigation in combination with theoretical simulation,we reveal that the enriched active sites/sulfur vacancies of thus-derived VS2 architectures would pose positive impacts on the catalytic performance such in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions.We further show that the favorable electrical conductivity and highly exposed sites of VS2 hold promise for serving as sulfur host in the realm of Li-S batteries.Our work offers new insights into the templated and customized synthesis of defect-rich sulfides in a scalable fashion to benefit multifunctional energy applications.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42377405,41877477)Director's Funds of Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration(SHUES2022C01)。
文摘Visible light photocatalytic degradation is a promising advanced oxidation process for the removal of antibiotics in wastewater.However,this technology currently has problems that are not suitable for large-scale applications,mainly due to the high cost of development and preparation of efficient photocatalysts.Therefore,the preparation of low-cost,high-efficiency and environmentally friendly semiconductor photocatalysts is still a hot research topic.In this study,rare earth metal Ce-doped porous Bi_(2)O_(3)-based biomorphic photocatalysts were prepared by a combination of solvothermal method and tem plate method using natural rapeseed pollen as a green template.Ce/Bi_(2)O_(3) synthesized by the optimal process shows a pollen-shaped porous stru cture with high dispersion and integrity,high purity and large specific surface area.Ce in the catalysts with different doping amounts coexists in two mixed valence states of Ce^(4+)and Ce^(3+),and Ce doping increases the percentage of oxygen vacancies.The higher specific surface area of the catalyst also provides more active sites and reaction surface area.When the doping amount of Ce is 5 mol%,the efficiency of tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH)degradation under visible light can reach more than 96%after 180 min.The rate constant is 6.37 times higher than that of commercially available Bi_(2)O_(3)(CHB).Through the analysis of intermediate products,the possible degradation path of TCH is obtained,and the phenomenon of intermediate accumulation in the initial stage was explored.The prepared photocatalysts have excellent stability and high reusability,and have a large advantage in comprehensive economy.Therefore,this study provides a reference for the preparation of low-cost rare earth metal doped photocatalysts with special morphology for the degradation of antibiotic wastewater.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21277094,51478285,21407111)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK2012167,BK20140280)+5 种基金Collegiate Natural Science Fund of Jiangsu Province(14KJA430004,12KJA430005)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)Applied Basic Research Project of Suzhou(SYG201316)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials(SJHG1304,SJHG1310)Creative Project of Postgraduate of Jiangsu Province(CXZZ13_0855)Excellent Innovation Team in Science and Technology of University in Jiangsu Province and Collabrative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment
文摘Biomimetic nano CeO2 materials were prepared by using bean sprouts as bio-template through impregnation and thermal decomposition. For characterization of structure, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy （XRD）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra （UV-Vis/DRS） nitrogen adsorp- tion-desorption measurements and Labsolar H2 system were adopted. The results demonstrated that the samples prepared at 550 ℃ not only completely removed the original bio-template, but also retained the morphology and microstructure of bean sprouts. Then the biomorphic structure of fluorite structure CeO2 material was obtained. Micro-pores with a diameter of about 2-3 nm were distributed among the particles, which provided more favorable channel for the photocatalytic reaction. Biomimetic CeO2 materials exhibited clear red shift （50 nm） compared with powder CeO2, which could be excited by visible irradiation. Biomimetic CeO2 materials dis- played the superior photocatalytic activity for the hydrogen production by water splitting under the sunlight irradiation, the hydrogen yield could reach 400 ktmol/g catalyst after 6 h.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21476071)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(B502)the Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Space Engine(13DZ2250600)
文摘CeO2 hollow microspheres were prepared through a facile method by using yeast cells as bio-templates. The yeast pro- vided a solid flame for the deposition of cerium hydroxide to form the hybrid Ce（OH）3@yeast precursor. The resulting CeO2 hollow microspheres were obtained by calcining the precursor. The products were characterized by field emission scanning electron micros- copy （FE-SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, N2 adsorption/desorption analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectrum （XPS） and H2 temperature programmed reduction （H2-TPR） It was found that the products fully retained the morphology of the yeast cells and the size of the hollow microspheres was about 1.5-2 μm. The catalytic test results showed that the as-obtained hollow CeO2 microspheres possessed a higher catalytic activity in CO oxidation than the commercial CeO2, which attributed to their higher surface area, hollow structure and superior reducibility. This study provided a promising route for the preparation of a variety of other inorganic hollow microspheres.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21536010).
文摘Nanomaterials are materials in which at least one of the dimensions of the particles is 100 nm and below.There are many types of nanomaterials,but noble metal nanoparticles are of interest due to their uniquely large surface-to-volume ratio,high surface area,optical and electronic properties,high stability,easy synthesis,and tunable surface functionalization.More importantly,noble metal nanoparticles are known to have excellent compatibility with bio-materials,which is why they are widely used in biological applications.The synthesis method of noble metal nanoparticles conventionally involves the reduction of the noble metal salt precursor by toxic reaction agents such as NaBH4,hydrazine,and formaldehyde.This is a major drawback for researchers involved in biological application researches.Hence,the bio-synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles(NPs)by bio-materials via bio-reduction provides an alternative method to synthesize noble metal nanoparticles which are potentially non-toxic and safer for biological application.In this review,the bio-synthesis of noble metal nanoparticle including gold nanoparticle(AuNPs),silver nanoparticle(AgNPs),platinum nanoparticle(PtNPs),and palladium nanoparticle(PdNPs)are first discussed.This is followed by a discussion of these biosynthesized noble metal in biological applications including antimicrobial,wound healing,anticancer drug,and bioimaging.Based on these,it can be concluded that the study on bio-synthesized noble metal nanoparticles will expand further involving bio-reduction by unexplored bio-materials.However,many questions remain on the feasibility of bio-synthesized noble metal nanoparticles to replace existing methods on various biological applications.Nevertheless,the current development of the biological application by bio-synthesized noble metal NPs is still intensively ongoing,and will eventually reach the goal of full commercialization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271241 and 52071282)the Applied Basic Research Key Project of Yunnan(202001BB050046)the National Training Programs of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates(No.202210673068 and 202210673002).
文摘Skin-like electronics research aiming to mimic even surpass human-like specific tactile cognition by operating perception-to-cognition-to-feedback of stimulus to build intelligent cognition systems for certain imperceptible or inappreciable signals was so attractive.Herein,we constructed an all-in-one tri-modal pressure sensing wearable device to address the issue of power supply by integrating multistage microstructured ionic skin(MM i-skin)and thermoelectric self-power staffs,which exhibits high sensitivity simultaneously.The MM i-skin with multi-stage“interlocked”configurations achieved precise recognition of subtle signals,where the sensitivity reached up to 3.95 kPa^(−1),as well as response time of 46 ms,cyclic stability(over 1500 cycles),a wide detection range of 0–200 kPa.Furthermore,we developed the thermoelectricity nanogenerator,piezoelectricity nanogenerator,and piezocapacitive sensing as an integrated tri-modal pressure sensing,denoted as P-iskin,T-iskin,and C-iskin,respectively.This multifunctional ionic skin enables real-time monitoring of weak body signals,rehab guidance,and robotic motion recognition,demonstrating potential for Internet of things(IoT)applications involving the artificial intelligence-motivated sapiential healthcare Internet(SHI)and widely distributed human-machine interaction(HMI).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51478285,21407111)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20140280,BK20151198)+2 种基金Collegiate Natural Science Fund of Jiangsu Province(14KJA430004,16KJA430008)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material for Water Treatment,Excellent Innovation Team in Science and Technology of Education Department of Jiangsu Province
文摘Tremendous research efforts have been aimed at ever-increasing worldwide energy demand. For this purpose, the hybrid supercapacitor power cell were prepared composing 3D porous graphene decorated with Co_3O_4-CeO_2 nano-particles herein by using flower stem as biotemplate. The resulting samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy（FESEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, Raman spectra, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy（XRD）, nitrogen adsorption and desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectrogram（XPS）, and electrochemical test. The 3D graphene acted as an excellent carrier together with Co_3O_4-CeO_2 nano-particles, boosting the specific capacitance of composite（221 F/g）, which exceeded the theoretical value limit. This facile biotemplate method of research provided an eco-friendly and cut-price route to obtain high-quality graphene and Co_3O_4-CeO_2nano-composites owing to the unique porous structure derived from original template（flower stem）. The finding presented a simple strategy for fabrication of novel energy storage devices.
基金financially supported by Nora Gene Pishro Companythe support from the University of Tehran.
文摘The synthesis of gold nanoclusters within protein structures,such as TetX2 monooxygenase,presents a promising approach for obtaining nanostructures with enzyme-like activity.This is attributed to the presence of various amino acid groups that serve as biological templates for the formation and reduction of gold.The low toxicity,biocompatibility,solubility in aqueous systems,and specific fluorescence spectrum of these nanostructures enhance their utility in the detection of various analytes.The research involved expressing and purifying the recombinant enzyme TetX2,synthesizing gold on the TetX2 substrate,and investigating the effect of nanoclusters on the activity and structure of the TetX2 enzyme.The synthesis of gold nanoclusters(AuNCs)was carried out within the structure of TetX2.Finally,the accuracy of the AuNCs synthesis was verified by examining the morphology,size,spectroscopy,and catalytic activity.Results showed changes in the tertiary structure of the TetX2 enzyme in the presence of HAuCl4,loss of enzyme activity after the formation of gold nanoclusters,and successful incorporation of gold into the structure of TetX2.TetX2@AuNCs emitted blue light at 450 nm,and their catalytic properties were demonstrated through color changes in a chromogenic substrate(3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine-H2O2),indicating their authenticity.TetX2 is proposed as a new bio-template forthe synthesis of gold nanoclusters,with potential applications in biosensor design(Graphical abstract).
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0117000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22005109,52401092,and 52373099).
文摘With the increasing global demand for sustainable energy and environmental solutions,the development of efficient,cost-effective,and eco-friendly electrocatalysts has become a key area of research.Microorganisms,with their distinctive microstructures,abundant functional groups,and diverse metabolic activities,offer innovative pathways for the green synthesis of electrocatalysts.This review first systematically summarizes microbial-derived electrocatalysts by using microorganisms(bacteria,fungi,viruses)as templates and metabolites,e.g.,extracellular polymers,bacterial cellulose as mediates,and their applications in various representative electrocatalytic reactions,including hydrogen evolution reaction,oxygen evolution reaction,and oxygen reduction reaction.We then particularly focus on the application of microbial-derived electrocatalysts in CO_(2)reduction reaction.Microorganisms not only serve as structural templates to impart high surface areas and ordered pores to catalysts but also facilitate the introduction of active sites through metabolic processes,significantly enhancing catalytic efficiency toward the optimization of reduction products.Finally,the current challenges as well as future optimization strategies are proposed in the field of microbial-derived electrocatalysts.This work offers a guideline for the design of microbialmediated catalytic materials,advancing new strategies toward achieving carbon neutrality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51271135) "New Century Talents Project" of Ministry of Education and Fundamental Research funding of Xi'an Jiaotong Universitythe project of Innovative Team of Shaanxi Province (Grant No. 2013KCT-05)
文摘The spherical silver mirco/nano-particles with narrow size distributions were obtained by chemical reduction of silver ammonia solution with ascorbic acid as reducing agent and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as bio-template. The effects of the concentration of Ag+ ions, BSA and ammonia, reactive temperature on the silver morphology and particle sizes were investigated. SEM, TEM and XRD were employed to characterize the morphology and structures of the prepared silver mirco/nano-particles. The results show that the spherical silver particle with smooth surface and narrow size distributions can be obtained by controlling the concentration of Ag+ ions, BSA, reaction temperature, etc. By controlling the above parameters, the silver spherical mirco/nano-particles with particle sizes ranging from 0.2 to 2.3 m can be well prepared, which is expected to be used in manufacturing high performance electronic pastes.
