Tungsten carbide-based(WC-based)cemented carbides are widely recognized as high-performance tool materials.Traditionally,single metals such as cobalt(Co)or nickel(Ni)serve as the binder phase,providing toughness and s...Tungsten carbide-based(WC-based)cemented carbides are widely recognized as high-performance tool materials.Traditionally,single metals such as cobalt(Co)or nickel(Ni)serve as the binder phase,providing toughness and structural integrity.Replacing this phase with high-entropy alloys(HEAs)offers a promising approach to enhancing mechanical properties and addressing sustainability challenges.However,the complex multi-element composition of HEAs complicates conventional experimental design,making it difficult to explore the vast compositional space efficiently.Traditional trial-and-error methods are time-consuming,resource-intensive,and often ineffective in identifying optimal compositions.In contrast,artificial intelligence(AI)-driven approaches enable rapid screening and optimization of alloy compositions,significantly improving predictive accuracy and interpretability.Feature selection techniques were employed to identify key alloying elements influencing hardness,toughness,and wear resistance.To enhance model interpretability,explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)techniques—SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)and Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations(LIME)—were applied to quantify the contributions of individual elements and uncover complex elemental interactions.Furthermore,a high-throughput machine learning(ML)–driven screening approach was implemented to optimize the binder phase composition,facilitating the discovery of HEAs with superiormechanical properties.Experimental validation demonstrated strong agreement between model predictions and measured performance,confirming the reliability of the ML framework.This study underscores the potential of integrating ML and XAI for data-driven materials design,providing a novel strategy for optimizing high-entropy cemented carbides.展开更多
A binder phase of TiO based cermets, a kind of imitated gold materials, was developed by adding active element Si to Fe-Cr alloy, and the related mechanisms were studied. The wettability, matching in thermodynamics an...A binder phase of TiO based cermets, a kind of imitated gold materials, was developed by adding active element Si to Fe-Cr alloy, and the related mechanisms were studied. The wettability, matching in thermodynamics and interracial strength were investigated by the high temperature sessile drop method and element area scanning. The linear expansion coefficients of the materials were measured using TAH100 thermal analyzer. The results show that the wettability of Fe-Cr alloy on TiO are small, with a wetting angle about 90°. After adding some Si in Fe-Cr alloy, its wetting angle can be decreased to about 25°, the interracial reactions can be prevented effectively and high interface binding can be formed. Fe-25% Cr-1.5% Si matches the thermal expansion coefficient of TiO, so it is a kind of relatively perfect binder for TiO based cermets imitated gold.展开更多
Thiswork aims to explore WC-G201 high entropy cemented carbides properties fabricated by spark plasma sintering with AlCoCrFeNiTi_(0.2)and WC as binder phase and hard phase respectively.AlCoCrFeNiTi_(0.2)powder and WC...Thiswork aims to explore WC-G201 high entropy cemented carbides properties fabricated by spark plasma sintering with AlCoCrFeNiTi_(0.2)and WC as binder phase and hard phase respectively.AlCoCrFeNiTi_(0.2)powder and WC powder were mixed at the mass ratio of 5:95,10:90 and 15:85 respectively,and then via SPS at 1300℃for 5min.The results show that the binder phase has good wettability to WC,and with the increase of binder phase content,the hardness of the alloy decreases gradually,fracture toughness increases first and then decreases,the maximum value is 7.88 MPa m1/2.It is estimated that the comprehensive mechanical property of cemented carbides is the best when the binder content is between 5wt%and 10wt%.展开更多
The effect of trace amount of active element Si on the wetting and interface characteristics of 1Cr18Ni11Nb/TiO was investigated. Based on the results, a new binder phase for TiO based cermets imitated gold materials ...The effect of trace amount of active element Si on the wetting and interface characteristics of 1Cr18Ni11Nb/TiO was investigated. Based on the results, a new binder phase for TiO based cermets imitated gold materials was developed, and the related mechanisms were studied. The results indicated that there was small wet-ability of the 1Cr18Ni11Nb alloy on TiO, and the interface binding strength of 1Cr18Ni11Nb/TiO was low. 1.5%Si in 1Cr18Ni11Nb could not only make the alloy wet TiO, but also lead to mutual dissolving near the interface, forming high interface binding strength and matching with the thermal expansion coefficient of TiO.展开更多
Steel reinforced TiC composites are an attractive choice for wear resistance and corrosion resistance applications. TiC- reinforced 17-4PH maraging stainless matrix composites were processed by conventional powder met...Steel reinforced TiC composites are an attractive choice for wear resistance and corrosion resistance applications. TiC- reinforced 17-4PH maraging stainless matrix composites were processed by conventional powder metallurgy （P/M）. TiC-reinforced maraging stainless steel composites with 〉97% of theoretical density were fabricated. The microstructure, mechanical and wear properties of the composites were evaluated. The microstructure of these composites consisted of spherical and semi-spherical TiC particles. A few microcracks appeared in the composites, showing the presence of tensile stress in the composites produced during sintering. Typical properties, namely, hardness and bend strength were reported for the sintered composites. After heat treatment and aging, the increase of hardness was observed. The increase of hardness was attributed to the aging reaction in the 17-4PH stainless steel. The precipitates appeared in the microstructure and were responsible for the increase in hardness. The specific wear behavior of the composites was strongly dependent on the content of TiC particles, the interparticle spacing, and the presence of hard precipitates in the binder phase.展开更多
Porosity is a common phenomenon and can significantly hinder the quality of the coating.Here,the pore formation mechanism and the characteristics of the single tracks of the W-C coating using directed energy depositio...Porosity is a common phenomenon and can significantly hinder the quality of the coating.Here,the pore formation mechanism and the characteristics of the single tracks of the W-C coating using directed energy deposition(DED)are systematically investigated.The forming quality of the tracks,the distribution of the pores,and the elemental distribution near the pores are analyzed by the observations of the cross-sections of the tracks.The temperature field of the melt pool is discussed comprehensively to reveal the pore formation mechanism.The results confirm that Ni and Co evaporated during the DED process due to the high temperature of the melt pool.Pores were continuously produced adjacent to the fusion line when the melt pool was about to solidify since the temperature at the solidification front was higher than the boiling point of Ni.The vaporization area at the fusion line was proposed,where Ni could also evaporate at the time the melt pool started to solidify.The relationship between the solidification rate,the size of the vaporization area and the DED parameters(laser power and scanning speed)was established to discuss the causes of severe pores above the fusion line.This work contains a practical guide to reduce or eliminate the porosity in the coating preparation process on the surface of the tungsten alloy.展开更多
文摘Tungsten carbide-based(WC-based)cemented carbides are widely recognized as high-performance tool materials.Traditionally,single metals such as cobalt(Co)or nickel(Ni)serve as the binder phase,providing toughness and structural integrity.Replacing this phase with high-entropy alloys(HEAs)offers a promising approach to enhancing mechanical properties and addressing sustainability challenges.However,the complex multi-element composition of HEAs complicates conventional experimental design,making it difficult to explore the vast compositional space efficiently.Traditional trial-and-error methods are time-consuming,resource-intensive,and often ineffective in identifying optimal compositions.In contrast,artificial intelligence(AI)-driven approaches enable rapid screening and optimization of alloy compositions,significantly improving predictive accuracy and interpretability.Feature selection techniques were employed to identify key alloying elements influencing hardness,toughness,and wear resistance.To enhance model interpretability,explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)techniques—SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)and Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations(LIME)—were applied to quantify the contributions of individual elements and uncover complex elemental interactions.Furthermore,a high-throughput machine learning(ML)–driven screening approach was implemented to optimize the binder phase composition,facilitating the discovery of HEAs with superiormechanical properties.Experimental validation demonstrated strong agreement between model predictions and measured performance,confirming the reliability of the ML framework.This study underscores the potential of integrating ML and XAI for data-driven materials design,providing a novel strategy for optimizing high-entropy cemented carbides.
文摘A binder phase of TiO based cermets, a kind of imitated gold materials, was developed by adding active element Si to Fe-Cr alloy, and the related mechanisms were studied. The wettability, matching in thermodynamics and interracial strength were investigated by the high temperature sessile drop method and element area scanning. The linear expansion coefficients of the materials were measured using TAH100 thermal analyzer. The results show that the wettability of Fe-Cr alloy on TiO are small, with a wetting angle about 90°. After adding some Si in Fe-Cr alloy, its wetting angle can be decreased to about 25°, the interracial reactions can be prevented effectively and high interface binding can be formed. Fe-25% Cr-1.5% Si matches the thermal expansion coefficient of TiO, so it is a kind of relatively perfect binder for TiO based cermets imitated gold.
文摘Thiswork aims to explore WC-G201 high entropy cemented carbides properties fabricated by spark plasma sintering with AlCoCrFeNiTi_(0.2)and WC as binder phase and hard phase respectively.AlCoCrFeNiTi_(0.2)powder and WC powder were mixed at the mass ratio of 5:95,10:90 and 15:85 respectively,and then via SPS at 1300℃for 5min.The results show that the binder phase has good wettability to WC,and with the increase of binder phase content,the hardness of the alloy decreases gradually,fracture toughness increases first and then decreases,the maximum value is 7.88 MPa m1/2.It is estimated that the comprehensive mechanical property of cemented carbides is the best when the binder content is between 5wt%and 10wt%.
文摘The effect of trace amount of active element Si on the wetting and interface characteristics of 1Cr18Ni11Nb/TiO was investigated. Based on the results, a new binder phase for TiO based cermets imitated gold materials was developed, and the related mechanisms were studied. The results indicated that there was small wet-ability of the 1Cr18Ni11Nb alloy on TiO, and the interface binding strength of 1Cr18Ni11Nb/TiO was low. 1.5%Si in 1Cr18Ni11Nb could not only make the alloy wet TiO, but also lead to mutual dissolving near the interface, forming high interface binding strength and matching with the thermal expansion coefficient of TiO.
文摘Steel reinforced TiC composites are an attractive choice for wear resistance and corrosion resistance applications. TiC- reinforced 17-4PH maraging stainless matrix composites were processed by conventional powder metallurgy （P/M）. TiC-reinforced maraging stainless steel composites with 〉97% of theoretical density were fabricated. The microstructure, mechanical and wear properties of the composites were evaluated. The microstructure of these composites consisted of spherical and semi-spherical TiC particles. A few microcracks appeared in the composites, showing the presence of tensile stress in the composites produced during sintering. Typical properties, namely, hardness and bend strength were reported for the sintered composites. After heat treatment and aging, the increase of hardness was observed. The increase of hardness was attributed to the aging reaction in the 17-4PH stainless steel. The precipitates appeared in the microstructure and were responsible for the increase in hardness. The specific wear behavior of the composites was strongly dependent on the content of TiC particles, the interparticle spacing, and the presence of hard precipitates in the binder phase.
文摘Porosity is a common phenomenon and can significantly hinder the quality of the coating.Here,the pore formation mechanism and the characteristics of the single tracks of the W-C coating using directed energy deposition(DED)are systematically investigated.The forming quality of the tracks,the distribution of the pores,and the elemental distribution near the pores are analyzed by the observations of the cross-sections of the tracks.The temperature field of the melt pool is discussed comprehensively to reveal the pore formation mechanism.The results confirm that Ni and Co evaporated during the DED process due to the high temperature of the melt pool.Pores were continuously produced adjacent to the fusion line when the melt pool was about to solidify since the temperature at the solidification front was higher than the boiling point of Ni.The vaporization area at the fusion line was proposed,where Ni could also evaporate at the time the melt pool started to solidify.The relationship between the solidification rate,the size of the vaporization area and the DED parameters(laser power and scanning speed)was established to discuss the causes of severe pores above the fusion line.This work contains a practical guide to reduce or eliminate the porosity in the coating preparation process on the surface of the tungsten alloy.
