This paper studies the coupled Burgers equation and the high-order Boussinesq-Burgers equation. The Hirota bilinear method is applied to show that the two equations are completely integrable. Multiple-kink （soliton）...This paper studies the coupled Burgers equation and the high-order Boussinesq-Burgers equation. The Hirota bilinear method is applied to show that the two equations are completely integrable. Multiple-kink （soliton） solutions and multiple-singular-kink （soliton） solutions are derived for the two equations.展开更多
With Hirota＇s bilinear direct method, we study the special coupled KdV system to obtain its new soliton solutions. Then we further discuss soliton evolution, corresponding structures, and interesting interactive phen...With Hirota＇s bilinear direct method, we study the special coupled KdV system to obtain its new soliton solutions. Then we further discuss soliton evolution, corresponding structures, and interesting interactive phenomena in detail with plot. As a result, we find that after the interaction, the solitons make elastic collision and there are no exchanges of their physical quantities including energy, velocity and shape except the phase shift.展开更多
We present a systematic procedure to derive discrete analogues of integrable PDEs via Hirota’s bilinear method.This approach is mainly based on the compatibility between an integrable system and its B¨acklund tr...We present a systematic procedure to derive discrete analogues of integrable PDEs via Hirota’s bilinear method.This approach is mainly based on the compatibility between an integrable system and its B¨acklund transformation.We apply this procedure to several equations,including the extended Korteweg-deVries(Kd V)equation,the extended Kadomtsev-Petviashvili(KP)equation,the extended Boussinesq equation,the extended Sawada-Kotera(SK)equation and the extended Ito equation,and obtain their associated semidiscrete analogues.In the continuum limit,these differential-difference systems converge to their corresponding smooth equations.For these new integrable systems,their B¨acklund transformations and Lax pairs are derived.展开更多
This paper proposes a semismooth Newton method for a class of bilinear programming problems(BLPs)based on the augmented Lagrangian,in which the BLPs are reformulated as a system of nonlinear equations with original va...This paper proposes a semismooth Newton method for a class of bilinear programming problems(BLPs)based on the augmented Lagrangian,in which the BLPs are reformulated as a system of nonlinear equations with original variables and Lagrange multipliers.Without strict complementarity,the convergence of the method is studied by means of theories of semismooth analysis under the linear independence constraint qualification and strong second order sufficient condition.At last,numerical results are reported to show the performance of the proposed method.展开更多
Investigated in this paper is the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation with radial symmetry. With the help of symbolic computation, the one-, two-, and N-soliton solutions are obtained through the bilinear metho...Investigated in this paper is the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation with radial symmetry. With the help of symbolic computation, the one-, two-, and N-soliton solutions are obtained through the bilinear method. B^cklund transformation in the bilinear form is presented, through which a new solution is constructed. Graphically, we have found that the solitons are symmetric about x = O, while the soliton pulse width and amplitude will change along with the distance and time during the propagation.展开更多
On the bases of N-soliton solutions of Hirota’s bilinear method,high-order rogue wave solutions can be derived by a direct limit method.In this paper,a(3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation is taken to ill...On the bases of N-soliton solutions of Hirota’s bilinear method,high-order rogue wave solutions can be derived by a direct limit method.In this paper,a(3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation is taken to illustrate the process of obtaining rogue waves,that is,based on the long-wave limit method,rogue wave solutions are generated by reconstructing the phase parameters of N-solitons.Besides the fundamental pattern of rogue waves,the triangle or pentagon patterns are also obtained.Moreover,the different patterns of these solutions are determined by newly introduced parameters.In the end,the general form of N-order rogue wave solutions are proposed.展开更多
Starting from the multi-soliton solutions obtained by the Hirota bilinear method,the soli ton molecule structures for the combined mKdV-type bilinear equation(Dt+∑n=1NαnDx2n+1)f*·f=0 are investigated using the ...Starting from the multi-soliton solutions obtained by the Hirota bilinear method,the soli ton molecule structures for the combined mKdV-type bilinear equation(Dt+∑n=1NαnDx2n+1)f*·f=0 are investigated using the velocity resonance mechanism.The two-soliton molecules of the mKdV-35 equation and the three-soliton molecules of the mKdV-357 equation are specifically demonstrated in this paper.With particular selections of the involved arbitrary parameters,especially the wave numbers,it is confirmed that,besides the usual multi-bright soliton molecules,the multi-dark soliton molecules and the mixed multibright-dark soliton molecules can also be obtained.In addition,we discuss the existence of the multi-soliton molecules for the combined mKdV-type bilinear equation with more higher order nonlinear terms and dispersions.The results demonstrate that when N≥4,the combined mKdVtype bilinear equation no longer admits soliton molecules comprising more than four solitons.展开更多
Based on the method of Hirota＇s bilinear derivative transform, the derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equation with vanishing boundary condition has been directly solved. The oneand two-soliton solutions are given as t...Based on the method of Hirota＇s bilinear derivative transform, the derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equation with vanishing boundary condition has been directly solved. The oneand two-soliton solutions are given as two typical examples in the illustration of the general procedures and the concrete cut-off technique of the series-form solution, and the n-soliton solution is also attained by induction method. Our study shows their equivalence to the existing soliton solutions by a simple parameter transformation. The methodological importance of bilinear derivative transform in dealing with an integrable nonlinear equation has also been emphasized. The evolution of one and two-soliton solution with respect to time and space has been discussed in detail. The collision among the solitons has been manifested through an example of two-soliton case, revealing the elastic essence of the collision and the invariance of the soliton form and characteristics.展开更多
The coupled nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equations with variable coefficients are researched using the nonstandard Hirota bilinear method.The two-soliton and double-hump one-soliton solutions for the equations ...The coupled nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equations with variable coefficients are researched using the nonstandard Hirota bilinear method.The two-soliton and double-hump one-soliton solutions for the equations are first obtained.By assigning different functions to the variable coefficients,we obtain V-shaped,Y-shaped,wave-type,exponential solitons,and so on.Next,we reveal the influence of the real and imaginary parts of the wave numbers on the double-hump structure based on the soliton solutions.Finally,by setting different wave numbers,we can change the distance and transmission direction of the solitons to analyze their dynamic behavior during collisions.This study establishes a theoretical framework for controlling the dynamics of optical fiber in nonlocal nonlinear systems.展开更多
Hirota method is applied to solve the modified nonlinear Schrodinger equation/the derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equation(MNLSE/DNLSE) under nonvanishing boundary conditions(NVBC) and lead to a single and double-pol...Hirota method is applied to solve the modified nonlinear Schrodinger equation/the derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equation(MNLSE/DNLSE) under nonvanishing boundary conditions(NVBC) and lead to a single and double-pole soliton solution in an explicit form. The general procedures of Hirota method are presented, as well as the limit approach of constructing a soliton-antisoliton pair of equal amplitude with a particular chirp. The evolution figures of these soliton solutions are displayed and analyzed. The influence of the perturbation term and background oscillation strength upon the DPS is also discussed.展开更多
In this paper, we first obtain a bilinear form with small perturbation u_0 for a generalized(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation in liquid with gas bubbles. Based on that, a new bilinear B?cklund transformation w...In this paper, we first obtain a bilinear form with small perturbation u_0 for a generalized(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation in liquid with gas bubbles. Based on that, a new bilinear B?cklund transformation which consists of four bilinear equations and involves seven arbitrary parameters is constructed. After that, by applying a new symbolic computation method, we construct the higher order rogue waves with controllable center to the generalized(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation. The rogue waves present new structure, which contain two free parametersα and β. The dynamic properties of the higher order rogue waves are demonstrated graphically. The graphs tell that the parameters α and β can control the center of the rogue waves.展开更多
We employ the Hirota bilinear method to systematically derive nondegenerate bright one-and two-soliton solutions,along with degenerate bright-dark two-and four-soliton solutions for the reverse-time nonlocal nonlinear...We employ the Hirota bilinear method to systematically derive nondegenerate bright one-and two-soliton solutions,along with degenerate bright-dark two-and four-soliton solutions for the reverse-time nonlocal nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation.Beyond the fundamental nondegenerate one-soliton solution,we have identified and characterized nondegenerate breather bound state solitons,with particular emphasis on their evolution dynamics.展开更多
We construct a fuzzy varying coefficient bilinear regression model to deal with the interval financial data and then adopt the least-squares method based on symmetric fuzzy number space. Firstly, we propose a varying ...We construct a fuzzy varying coefficient bilinear regression model to deal with the interval financial data and then adopt the least-squares method based on symmetric fuzzy number space. Firstly, we propose a varying coefficient model on the basis of the fuzzy bilinear regression model. Secondly, we develop the least-squares method according to the complete distance between fuzzy numbers to estimate the coefficients and test the adaptability of the proposed model by means of generalized likelihood ratio test with SSE composite index. Finally, mean square errors and mean absolutely errors are employed to evaluate and compare the fitting of fuzzy auto regression, fuzzy bilinear regression and fuzzy varying coefficient bilinear regression models, and also the forecasting of three models. Empirical analysis turns out that the proposed model has good fitting and forecasting accuracy with regard to other regression models for the capital market.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10871117 and 10571110)
文摘This paper studies the coupled Burgers equation and the high-order Boussinesq-Burgers equation. The Hirota bilinear method is applied to show that the two equations are completely integrable. Multiple-kink （soliton） solutions and multiple-singular-kink （soliton） solutions are derived for the two equations.
文摘With Hirota＇s bilinear direct method, we study the special coupled KdV system to obtain its new soliton solutions. Then we further discuss soliton evolution, corresponding structures, and interesting interactive phenomena in detail with plot. As a result, we find that after the interaction, the solitons make elastic collision and there are no exchanges of their physical quantities including energy, velocity and shape except the phase shift.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11331008 and 11201425)the Hong Kong Baptist University Faculty Research(Grant No.FRG2/11-12/065)the Hong Kong Research Grant Council(Grant No.GRF HKBU202512)
文摘We present a systematic procedure to derive discrete analogues of integrable PDEs via Hirota’s bilinear method.This approach is mainly based on the compatibility between an integrable system and its B¨acklund transformation.We apply this procedure to several equations,including the extended Korteweg-deVries(Kd V)equation,the extended Kadomtsev-Petviashvili(KP)equation,the extended Boussinesq equation,the extended Sawada-Kotera(SK)equation and the extended Ito equation,and obtain their associated semidiscrete analogues.In the continuum limit,these differential-difference systems converge to their corresponding smooth equations.For these new integrable systems,their B¨acklund transformations and Lax pairs are derived.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11671183)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2018IB016,2019IA004,No.2019IB010)
文摘This paper proposes a semismooth Newton method for a class of bilinear programming problems(BLPs)based on the augmented Lagrangian,in which the BLPs are reformulated as a system of nonlinear equations with original variables and Lagrange multipliers.Without strict complementarity,the convergence of the method is studied by means of theories of semismooth analysis under the linear independence constraint qualification and strong second order sufficient condition.At last,numerical results are reported to show the performance of the proposed method.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60772023the Open Fund (No.BUAASKLSDE-09KF-04)+2 种基金Supported Project (No.SKLSDE-2010ZX-07) of the State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment,Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronauticsthe National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under Grant No.2005CB321901the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education under Grant No.200800130006,Chinese Ministry of Education
文摘Investigated in this paper is the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation with radial symmetry. With the help of symbolic computation, the one-, two-, and N-soliton solutions are obtained through the bilinear method. B^cklund transformation in the bilinear form is presented, through which a new solution is constructed. Graphically, we have found that the solitons are symmetric about x = O, while the soliton pulse width and amplitude will change along with the distance and time during the propagation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.12175111,12235007 and 11975131K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘On the bases of N-soliton solutions of Hirota’s bilinear method,high-order rogue wave solutions can be derived by a direct limit method.In this paper,a(3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation is taken to illustrate the process of obtaining rogue waves,that is,based on the long-wave limit method,rogue wave solutions are generated by reconstructing the phase parameters of N-solitons.Besides the fundamental pattern of rogue waves,the triangle or pentagon patterns are also obtained.Moreover,the different patterns of these solutions are determined by newly introduced parameters.In the end,the general form of N-order rogue wave solutions are proposed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11975204 and 12075208)the Project of Zhoushan City Science and Technology Bureau(Grant No.2021C21015)the Training Program for Leading Talents in Universities of Zhejiang Province。
文摘Starting from the multi-soliton solutions obtained by the Hirota bilinear method,the soli ton molecule structures for the combined mKdV-type bilinear equation(Dt+∑n=1NαnDx2n+1)f*·f=0 are investigated using the velocity resonance mechanism.The two-soliton molecules of the mKdV-35 equation and the three-soliton molecules of the mKdV-357 equation are specifically demonstrated in this paper.With particular selections of the involved arbitrary parameters,especially the wave numbers,it is confirmed that,besides the usual multi-bright soliton molecules,the multi-dark soliton molecules and the mixed multibright-dark soliton molecules can also be obtained.In addition,we discuss the existence of the multi-soliton molecules for the combined mKdV-type bilinear equation with more higher order nonlinear terms and dispersions.The results demonstrate that when N≥4,the combined mKdVtype bilinear equation no longer admits soliton molecules comprising more than four solitons.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10775105)
文摘Based on the method of Hirota＇s bilinear derivative transform, the derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equation with vanishing boundary condition has been directly solved. The oneand two-soliton solutions are given as two typical examples in the illustration of the general procedures and the concrete cut-off technique of the series-form solution, and the n-soliton solution is also attained by induction method. Our study shows their equivalence to the existing soliton solutions by a simple parameter transformation. The methodological importance of bilinear derivative transform in dealing with an integrable nonlinear equation has also been emphasized. The evolution of one and two-soliton solution with respect to time and space has been discussed in detail. The collision among the solitons has been manifested through an example of two-soliton case, revealing the elastic essence of the collision and the invariance of the soliton form and characteristics.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1604200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12261131495)Institute of Systems Science,Beijing Wuzi University(Grant No.BWUISS21).
文摘The coupled nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equations with variable coefficients are researched using the nonstandard Hirota bilinear method.The two-soliton and double-hump one-soliton solutions for the equations are first obtained.By assigning different functions to the variable coefficients,we obtain V-shaped,Y-shaped,wave-type,exponential solitons,and so on.Next,we reveal the influence of the real and imaginary parts of the wave numbers on the double-hump structure based on the soliton solutions.Finally,by setting different wave numbers,we can change the distance and transmission direction of the solitons to analyze their dynamic behavior during collisions.This study establishes a theoretical framework for controlling the dynamics of optical fiber in nonlocal nonlinear systems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12074295)。
文摘Hirota method is applied to solve the modified nonlinear Schrodinger equation/the derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equation(MNLSE/DNLSE) under nonvanishing boundary conditions(NVBC) and lead to a single and double-pole soliton solution in an explicit form. The general procedures of Hirota method are presented, as well as the limit approach of constructing a soliton-antisoliton pair of equal amplitude with a particular chirp. The evolution figures of these soliton solutions are displayed and analyzed. The influence of the perturbation term and background oscillation strength upon the DPS is also discussed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11471004,11501498)Shaanxi Key Research and Development Programs(2018SF-251)the Research Project at Yuncheng University [XK2012007]
文摘In this paper, we first obtain a bilinear form with small perturbation u_0 for a generalized(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation in liquid with gas bubbles. Based on that, a new bilinear B?cklund transformation which consists of four bilinear equations and involves seven arbitrary parameters is constructed. After that, by applying a new symbolic computation method, we construct the higher order rogue waves with controllable center to the generalized(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation. The rogue waves present new structure, which contain two free parametersα and β. The dynamic properties of the higher order rogue waves are demonstrated graphically. The graphs tell that the parameters α and β can control the center of the rogue waves.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12261131495 and 12475008)the Scientific Research and Developed Fund of Zhejiang A&F University(Grant No.2021FR0009)。
文摘We employ the Hirota bilinear method to systematically derive nondegenerate bright one-and two-soliton solutions,along with degenerate bright-dark two-and four-soliton solutions for the reverse-time nonlocal nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation.Beyond the fundamental nondegenerate one-soliton solution,we have identified and characterized nondegenerate breather bound state solitons,with particular emphasis on their evolution dynamics.
文摘We construct a fuzzy varying coefficient bilinear regression model to deal with the interval financial data and then adopt the least-squares method based on symmetric fuzzy number space. Firstly, we propose a varying coefficient model on the basis of the fuzzy bilinear regression model. Secondly, we develop the least-squares method according to the complete distance between fuzzy numbers to estimate the coefficients and test the adaptability of the proposed model by means of generalized likelihood ratio test with SSE composite index. Finally, mean square errors and mean absolutely errors are employed to evaluate and compare the fitting of fuzzy auto regression, fuzzy bilinear regression and fuzzy varying coefficient bilinear regression models, and also the forecasting of three models. Empirical analysis turns out that the proposed model has good fitting and forecasting accuracy with regard to other regression models for the capital market.
