Objective: In traditional Chinese medicine, the herbal pair, Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae(RAB) and Eucommiae Cortex(EC), is widely used to treat osteoporosis. Herein, we determined whether this herbal pair can be used...Objective: In traditional Chinese medicine, the herbal pair, Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae(RAB) and Eucommiae Cortex(EC), is widely used to treat osteoporosis. Herein, we determined whether this herbal pair can be used to ameliorate glucocorticoid(GC)-induced osteoporosis(GIOP) and find its optimal dosage in zebrafish.Methods: The characteristics of the aqueous extract of RAB and EC were separately characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography. Osteoporosis was induced in 5-day post-fertilization zebrafish larvae by exposing them to 10 lmol/L dexamethasone(Dex) for 96 h. Seven combinations of different ratios of RAB and EC were co-administered. Treatment efficacy was determined by calculating zebrafish vertebral area and sum brightness, via alizarin red staining, and by detecting alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the optimal dosage ratio.Results: According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015), b-ecdysone(b-Ecd) is a major bioactive marker in RAB extract, while pinoresinol diglucoside(PDG) is the major marker in EC extract. Both of b-Ecd and PDG content values aligned with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standards. Treatment with 10 lmol/L Dex reduced zebrafish vertebral area, sum brightness, and ALP activity, but RAB and EC attenuated these effects. Combining 50 mg/m L RAB and 50 mg/m L EC was optimal for preventing GIOP in zebrafish.Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the m RNA expression of osteogenesis-related genes. A treatment of 10 lmol/L Dex decreased runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx2), osteogenic protein-1(OP-1), bone c-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein(BGLAP), and bcatenin levels. This effect was counteracted by RAB and EC co-treatment(P < 0.05). Additionally, the effect of using the two herbal extracts together was better than single-herb treatments separately. These results demonstrated that RAB and EC preserve osteoblast function in the presence of GC. The best mass ratio was 1:1.Conclusion: RAB and EC herbal pair could ameliorate GC-induced effects in zebrafish, with 1:1 as the optimal dosage ratio.展开更多
Kidney-tonifying recipe can reduce the accumulation of advanced glycation end products, prevent neuronal degeneration and improve cognitive functions in ovariectomized rats. Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae alcohol extrac...Kidney-tonifying recipe can reduce the accumulation of advanced glycation end products, prevent neuronal degeneration and improve cognitive functions in ovariectomized rats. Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae alcohol extracts may dose-dependently inhibit non-enzymatic saccharification in vitro. This study aimed to examine the effect of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae on advanced glycation end products and on learning and memory capabilities in ovariectomized rats. Ovariectomized rats were treated with Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae alcohol extracts （containing 1.5 g/kg crude drug） or 0.1% aminoguanidine for 12 weeks and behavioral testing was performed with the Y-electrical maze. This test revealed that Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae and aminoguanidine could improve the learning and memory capabilities of ovariectomized rats. Results of competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that treatment with Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae or aminoguanidine reduced the accumulation of advanced glycation end products in the frontal cortex of ovariectomized rats, while increasing content in the blood and urine. Biochemical tests showed that treatment with Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae or aminoguanidine decreased superoxide dismutase activity in the serum and frontal cortex, and increased serum levels of glutathione peroxidase in ovariectomized rats. In addition there was no apparent effect on malondialdehyde levels. These experimental findings indicate that Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae inhibits production of advanced glycation end products and its accumulation in brain tissue, and improves learning and memory capabilities in ovariectomized rats. These effects may be associated with an anti-oxidative action of the extract.展开更多
Background:This study gets a classic prescription of Song Dynasty medicine for the treatment of waist and leg pain through analyzing the inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine auxiliary platform.Further,the poten...Background:This study gets a classic prescription of Song Dynasty medicine for the treatment of waist and leg pain through analyzing the inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine auxiliary platform.Further,the potential mechanism of the classic prescription was analyzed based on molecular docking and network pharmacology.Methods:Based on the frequency statistics,association rules and cluster analysis,the core herbal combination and the classic prescription was digged out.Use of network pharmacology methods and molecular docking to explore the pharmacological mechanism of classic prescriptions for treatment of lumbar disc herniation.Then gene ontology biological function annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment of pathways were performed.Finally,the compounds of herbs were docked with the important targets of MMP1 and CRP.Results:The high-frequency Chinese medicines for treating waist and leg pain were found and we further unearthed the“Rougui-Fuzi-Niuxi(Cinnamoni cortex-Aconm lateralis radix praeparaia-Achyranthis bidentatae radix”as the core herbal combination,and matched the classic ancient prescription of Chinese medicine Jiawei Shenzhuo decoction(CAPCMJWSZD).The targets of CAPCMJWSZD were mapped to the targets of lumbar disc herniation and 48 potential targets were obtained.The core potential targets were obtained in the protein-protein interaction network,such as CRP,IL2,FOS,MMP1,CASP3.Through the DAVID database,a total of 129 gene ontology function annotation terms(P<0.01)and 91 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways(P<0.01)were obtained.Molecular docking results showed that quercetin has the lowest binding energy for docking with MMP1and CRP,and these two methods of molecular docking are most likely to occur.Conclusion:The most important bioactive components in CAPCMJWSZD can eliminate inflammation and slow disc degeneration through some potential targets,such as CRP,IL-2,MMP1,and these targets can rich in the following pathways,such as metalloendopeptidase activity,MAP kinase activity,osteoclast differentiation,et al.展开更多
Radix achyranthis bidentatae(RAB), a member of the Amaranthaceae family, has been widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for1000 s of years. Increasing interest in RAB-derived medicinal has led to the discovery o...Radix achyranthis bidentatae(RAB), a member of the Amaranthaceae family, has been widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for1000 s of years. Increasing interest in RAB-derived medicinal has led to the discovery of additional triterpenoid saponins, phytoecdysones,polysaccharides, and many other compounds, as well as investigations into their pharmacology. A large number of pharmacological studies have shown RAB and its active components possess a range of pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-fertility, anti-senile, and anti?inflammatory effects. This review is an up?to?date summary and synthesis of the uses of RAB from phytochemical and pharmacological perspectives.展开更多
[Objective] The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)was constructed to determine the contents of lead,cadmium,mercury and arsenic in Archyranthes bidentata Blume.[Method]Under the optimum operation con...[Objective] The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)was constructed to determine the contents of lead,cadmium,mercury and arsenic in Archyranthes bidentata Blume.[Method]Under the optimum operation condition of ICP-MS,the samples were digested by microwave.The element 114In was taken as an internal standard element to compensate body effect and ICP-MS method was used to determine the contents of lead,cadmium,mercury and arsenic.[Result]For the determined elements,the correlation coefficient(r)of standard curve was over 0.9995 and recovery rate was from 96.7% to 106.4% while RSD was less than 11.2%.The result of determination showed that the heavy metal content in Archyranthes bidentata Blume.beyond standard was serious.[Conclusion]The constructed ICP-MS method with simple operation,rapid response,accuracy and high sensitivity in this experiment could be used for quality control of Chinese medicinal materials by detecting heavy metal contents in different Chinese medicinal materials from original places.展开更多
Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABPS), water_soluble polysaccharides, isolated from the roots of Achyranthes bidentata Bl. of Amaranthaceae family, was divided into four parts, named as Con.1, Con.2, Con....Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABPS), water_soluble polysaccharides, isolated from the roots of Achyranthes bidentata Bl. of Amaranthaceae family, was divided into four parts, named as Con.1, Con.2, Con.3 and Con.4, respectively, by chromatography on DEAE_Sepharose fast_flow column and Sephadex G_100 column in order. Con.1 was the constituent of high molecular weight and the other three were all of low molecular weight. Micro_Kjeldahl analysis showed that Con.1 contained 3.95% of nitrogen and neither did the other three parts. The antisenile effects of the four parts of ABPS were studied with Drosophila melanogaster. Results showed that Con.1 has no antisenile effect and all the others could significantly increase the average body weight by 3.85%-5.47% and significantly prolonged the average lifespan by 2.61%- 3.16% of D. melanogaster at the concentration of 2 or 5 mg/g (ABPS/medium).展开更多
Objective To investigate the inhibiting effects and mechanism of achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (ABP) and lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on nonenzyme glycation in D-galactose induced mouse aging model. Met...Objective To investigate the inhibiting effects and mechanism of achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (ABP) and lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on nonenzyme glycation in D-galactose induced mouse aging model. Methods Serum AGE levels were determined by AGE-ELISA, MTT method was used to determine lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2 activity was determined by a bioassay method. Spontaneous motor activity was used to detect mouse's neuromuscular movement, latency of step-through method was used to examine learning and memory abilities of mouse, colormetric assay was used to determine hydroxyproline concentration in mouse skin, pyrogallol autoxidation method was used to determine superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of erythrocytes. Results Decreased levels of serum AGE, hydroxyproline concentration in mouse skin and spontaneous motor activity in D-galactose mouse aging model were detected after treated with ABP or LBP, while lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 activity, learning and memory abilities, SOD activity of erythrocytes, were enhanced. Conclusions ABP and LBP could inhibit nonenzyme glycation in D-galactose induced mouse aging model in vivo and ABP has a better inhibiting effect than LBP.展开更多
Glutamate-induced excitotoxicity plays a critical role in the neurological impairment caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion.Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides have been shown to protect against neurological funct...Glutamate-induced excitotoxicity plays a critical role in the neurological impairment caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion.Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides have been shown to protect against neurological functional damage caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion,but the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms and the relationship to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity remain unclear.Therefore,in the current study,we investigated the protective effects of Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons.Hippocampal neurons were treated with Mg^2+-free extracellular solution containing glutamate(300μM)for 3 hours as a model of glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity(glutamate group).In the normal group,hippocampal neurons were incubated in Mg^2+-free extracellular solution.In the Achyranthes bidentata polypeptide group,hippocampal neurons were incubated in Mg^2+-free extracellular solution containing glutamate(300μM)and Achyranthes bidentata polypeptide at different concentrations.At 24 hours after exposure to the agents,3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and Hoechst 33258 staining were used to assess neuronal viability and nuclear m'orphology,respectively.Caspase-3 expression and activity were evaluated using western blot assay and colorimetric enzymatic assay,respectively.At various time points after glutamate treatment,reactive oxygen species in cells were detected by H2 DCF-DA,and mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by rhodamine 123 staining.To examine the effect of Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides on glutamate receptors,electrophysiological recording was used to measure the glutamate-induced inward current in cultured hippocampal neurons.Achyranthes bidentata polypeptide decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells and reduced the changes in caspase-3 expression and activity induced by glutamate.In addition,Achyranthes bidentata polypeptide attenuated the amplitude of the glutamate-induced current.Furthermore,the glutamate-induced increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species and reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential were attenuated by Achyranthes bidentata polypeptide treatment.These findings collectively suggest that Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides exert a neuroprotective effect in cultured hippocampal neurons by suppressing the overactivation of glutamate receptors and inhibiting the caspase-3-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.All animal studies were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee,Nantong University,China(approval No.20120216-001)on February 16,2012.展开更多
Achyranthes bidentata and Achyranthes aspera are saponin and steroid rich medicinal plants, used extensively for therapeutic treatments in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) and Ayurveda. A. bidentata is reported to be...Achyranthes bidentata and Achyranthes aspera are saponin and steroid rich medicinal plants, used extensively for therapeutic treatments in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) and Ayurveda. A. bidentata is reported to be one of the rare and extensively exploited medicinal plant species that face the issue of being endangered.Finding qualitative substitute with identical phyto-constituents contributing to similar composition and pharmacological benefits will help in reducing the burden of exploitation of the natural habitats of such plants.In the present study, a comparative metabolite analysis of the whole drug and specific tissues isolated by laser micro-dissection(LMD) was carried out for both the selected species, by use of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-QTOF MS). The results of the study indicate that the cortex and the medullary ray tissues are rich in their content of steroidal and saponin constituents such as(25 S)-inokosterone-20,22-acetonide, ginsenoside Ro, bidentatoside II and achyranthoside B.Metabolite profiling of the whole tissues of both the species indicates presence of identical constituents. Thus,it is inferred that A. bidentata and A. aspera can be used as qualitative substitutes for each other.展开更多
We have previously shown that Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides （ABPP）, isolated from Achyranthes bidentata Blume （a medicinal herb）, exhibit neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects on the nervous system. To ide...We have previously shown that Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides （ABPP）, isolated from Achyranthes bidentata Blume （a medicinal herb）, exhibit neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects on the nervous system. To identify the major active component of ABPP, and thus optimize the use of ABPP, we used reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography to separate ABPP. We obtained 12 fractions, among which the fraction of ABPPk demonstrated the strongest neuroactivity. Immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis showed that ABPPk promoted neurite growth in cultured dorsal root ganglion explant and dorsal root ganglion neurons, which might be associated with activation of Erk1/2. A combination of behavioral tests, electrophysiological assessment, and histomorphometric analysis indicated that ABPPk enhanced nerve regeneration and function restoration in a mouse model of crushed sciatic nerve. All the results suggest that ABPPk, as the key component of ABPP, can be used for peripheral nerve repair to yield better outcomes than ABPP.展开更多
It has been well documented that Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides（ABPPs） are potent neuroprotective agents in several types of neurons. However, whether ABPPs protect dopaminergic neurons from apoptosis induced by...It has been well documented that Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides（ABPPs） are potent neuroprotective agents in several types of neurons. However, whether ABPPs protect dopaminergic neurons from apoptosis induced by neurotoxins is still unknown. This study was designed to observe the effect of ABPPk, a purified fraction of ABPPs, on apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons. SH-5YHY cells and primary dopaminergic neurons were pre-treated with ABPPk（25, 50, or 100 ng/mL） for 12 hours. Cells were then exposed to 6-hydroxydopamine（50 or 150 μM） or rotenone（50 or 200 μM） for 36 hours to induce cell apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that ABPPk markedly increased viability in SH-SY5Y cells and primary dopaminergic neurons, decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity and number of apoptotic dopaminergic neurons, elevated mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio. These findings suggest that ABPPk protects dopaminergic neurons from apoptosis, and that ABPPk treatment might be an effective intervention for treating dopaminergic neuronal loss associated with disorders such as Parkinson＇s disease.展开更多
Objective:To develop the reproducible in vitro propagation protocols for the medicinally important plants viz.,Achyranthes aspera(A.aspera)L.and Achyranthes bidentata(A.bidentata)Blume using nodal segments as explants...Objective:To develop the reproducible in vitro propagation protocols for the medicinally important plants viz.,Achyranthes aspera(A.aspera)L.and Achyranthes bidentata(A.bidentata)Blume using nodal segments as explants.Methods:Young shoots of A.aspera and A.bidentata were harvested and washed with running tap water and treated with 0.1%bavistin and rinsed twice with distilled water.Then the explants were surface sterilized with 0.1%(w/v)HgCl_2 solutions for I min.After rinsing with sterile distilled water for 3-4 times,nodal segments were cut into smaller segments(1 cm)and used as the explants.The explants were placed horizontally as well as vertically on solid basal Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium supplemented with 3%sucrose,0.6%(w/v)agar(HiMedia,Mumbai)and different concentration and combination of 6-benzyl amino purine(BAP),kinetin(Kin),naphthalene acetic acid(NAA)and indole acetic acid(IAA)for direct regeneration.Results:Adventitious proliferation was obtained from A.aspera and A.bidentata nodal segments inoculated on MS basal medium with 3%sucrose and augmented with BAP and Kin with varied frequency.MS medium augmented with 3.0 mg/L of BAP showed the highest percentage(93.60±0.71)of shootlets formation for A.aspera and(94.70±0.53)percentages for A.bidentata.Maximum number of shoots/explants(10.60±0.36)for A.aspera and(9.50±0.56)for A.bidentata was observed in MS medium fortified with 5.0 mg/L of BAP.For A.aspera,maximum mean length(5.50±0.34)of shootlets was obtained in MS medium augmented with 3.0 mg/L of Kin and for A.bidentata(5.40±0.61)was observed in the very same concentration.The highest percentage,maximum number of rootlets/shootlet and mean length of rootlets were observed in 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L of 1BA.Seventy percentages of plants were successfully established in polycups.Sixty eight percentages of plants were well established in the green house condition.Sixty five percentages of plants were established in the field.Conclusions:The results have shown that use of nodal buds is an alternative reproducible and dependable method for clonal propagation of A.aspera and A.bidentata.The high rate of direct shoot-root multiplication and their high rate of post-hardening survival indicate that this protocol can he easily adopted for commercial large scale cultivation.展开更多
[Objectives] To study the chemical components and relative content of Achyranthes bidentata leaves and provide a scientific basis for further development and utilization of A. bidentata leaves.[Methods] The chemical c...[Objectives] To study the chemical components and relative content of Achyranthes bidentata leaves and provide a scientific basis for further development and utilization of A. bidentata leaves.[Methods] The chemical components of A. bidentata leaves were rapidly analyzed using the ultra high performance liquid chromatography-time of flight-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TOF-MS).[Results] Thirty eight chemical compounds were identified in samples of A. bidentata leaves collected from Wen County of Henan Province, in which seven chemical compounds had the relative content higher than 5%, linoleic acid reached 25.7% and inokosterone A reached 13.8%.[Conclusions] A. bidentata leaves contain many kinds of chemical compounds. This study is expected to provide a certain basis for further extraction of linoleic acid and inokosterone A.展开更多
Achyranthes bidentata Blume is widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine with the effects of nourishing the liver and kidneys and strengthening muscles and bones.In this work,a rapid and simple strategy was develo...Achyranthes bidentata Blume is widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine with the effects of nourishing the liver and kidneys and strengthening muscles and bones.In this work,a rapid and simple strategy was developed for characterizing phytoecdysteroids by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with liner ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization in the negative mode.As a result,47 phytoecdysteroids were unambiguously or tentatively characterized.Among them,seven known compounds were identified according to the reference standards along with molecular formula,retention time and fragmentation patterns,while others were mostly potential new compounds.Through targeted isolation,the structures of three new compounds were determined by NMR spectra,which were consistent with LC-MS characterization.The present study provides an efficient method to deeply characterize phytoecdysteroids.展开更多
Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides（ABPP） have been reported to inhibit apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells（RGCs）.The present study investigated the protective effects of ABPP on RGCs in a rat model of optic nerve ...Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides（ABPP） have been reported to inhibit apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells（RGCs）.The present study investigated the protective effects of ABPP on RGCs in a rat model of optic nerve injury.With prolonged injury time,RGC densities were gradually decreased.ABPP（5 μg） significantly increased RGC densities and upregulated growth associated protein 43 expression in rats with optic nerve injury.Results demonstrate that ABPP can protect RGCs and promote axonal growth after optic nerve crush.展开更多
[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentata Blume.[Methods]A.bidentata Blume plants were cultivated...[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentata Blume.[Methods]A.bidentata Blume plants were cultivated in self-made polyvinyl chloride(PVC)pots.The soil was added with different levels of Pb(0,200,400,600,800 and 1000 mg/kg air-dried soil)to investigate the effects of Pb on dry mass,active ingredients(oleanolic acid and ecdysterone)and rhizosphere soil enzyme activity of A.bidentata Blume.[Results]The root dry mass of A.bidentata Blume cultivated in the soil with Pb level above 400 mg/kg significantly reduced.The Pb residues in the A.bidentata Blume.plants growing in the soil with Pb level below 400 mg/kg complied with national standard.The contents of oleanolic acid and ecdysterone in A.bidentata Blume growing in the soil with Pb level above 600 mg/kg declined significantly.At the Pb level of 1000 mg/kg,the activity of urease was inhibited significantly.The activity of phosphatase was inhibited in the presence of Pb in the soil.The activity of sucrase was activated in the soil with Pb level below 400 mg/kg,and was inhibited in the soil with Pb level above 400 mg/kg.[Conclusions]This study has important guiding significance for the reasonable selection of planting base for A.bidentata Blume and the guarantee of its yield and quality.展开更多
The relationship between structural features of various vegetative organs and triterpenoid saponin accumulation in Achyranthus bidentata Blume was investigated using anatomy, histochemistry and phytochemistry. The res...The relationship between structural features of various vegetative organs and triterpenoid saponin accumulation in Achyranthus bidentata Blume was investigated using anatomy, histochemistry and phytochemistry. The results showed that the primary and secondary structures of roots, and the structures of stems and leaves of A. bidentata, were similar to those of ordinary dicotyledonous plants. The enlargement of its roots, however, was primarily associated with growth and differentiation of tertiary structures. There were collateral medullary vascular bundles in addition to the normal vascular bundles in the stem. The tertiary structure was not only main parts in the roots of A. bidentata, but also important storage region of triterpenoid saponin in its growth and development. The stem may be the essential transport organ of triterpenoid saponin, while palisade parenchyma may be the primary synthesis location. In November, the total quantity of triterpenoid saponin and overall biomass in the roots reach a maximum level. This was the best time, therefore, to harvest the roots and corresponded to the traditional harvest period. Despite the withered appearance of leaves, stems also contained substantial amounts of triterpenoid saponin, and it was recommended that the stems of A. bidentata should be used.展开更多
The synthesis of phosphorylated Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (P-AbPS) was reported based on different strategies. The P-AbPS with high degree of substitution (D.S. > 0.5) was obtained when phosphorus oxychl...The synthesis of phosphorylated Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (P-AbPS) was reported based on different strategies. The P-AbPS with high degree of substitution (D.S. > 0.5) was obtained when phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) was used as a phosphorylating agent and trimethyl phosphate-pyridine or dimethyl formamide was used as solvent. The influences of different solvents and reaction conditions were discussed. The pharmacology assay shows that P-AbPS possesses antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 and Lewis lung cancer in mice.展开更多
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81873318)the Program Foundation of Shanghai Health and Family Planning Commission,China(No.2018JP013)+1 种基金the Ph.D.Program Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,China(SMEC,No.B201713)the Postgraduate Innovation Program of Shanghai University of TCM(2020JX357)。
文摘Objective: In traditional Chinese medicine, the herbal pair, Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae(RAB) and Eucommiae Cortex(EC), is widely used to treat osteoporosis. Herein, we determined whether this herbal pair can be used to ameliorate glucocorticoid(GC)-induced osteoporosis(GIOP) and find its optimal dosage in zebrafish.Methods: The characteristics of the aqueous extract of RAB and EC were separately characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography. Osteoporosis was induced in 5-day post-fertilization zebrafish larvae by exposing them to 10 lmol/L dexamethasone(Dex) for 96 h. Seven combinations of different ratios of RAB and EC were co-administered. Treatment efficacy was determined by calculating zebrafish vertebral area and sum brightness, via alizarin red staining, and by detecting alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the optimal dosage ratio.Results: According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015), b-ecdysone(b-Ecd) is a major bioactive marker in RAB extract, while pinoresinol diglucoside(PDG) is the major marker in EC extract. Both of b-Ecd and PDG content values aligned with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standards. Treatment with 10 lmol/L Dex reduced zebrafish vertebral area, sum brightness, and ALP activity, but RAB and EC attenuated these effects. Combining 50 mg/m L RAB and 50 mg/m L EC was optimal for preventing GIOP in zebrafish.Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the m RNA expression of osteogenesis-related genes. A treatment of 10 lmol/L Dex decreased runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx2), osteogenic protein-1(OP-1), bone c-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein(BGLAP), and bcatenin levels. This effect was counteracted by RAB and EC co-treatment(P < 0.05). Additionally, the effect of using the two herbal extracts together was better than single-herb treatments separately. These results demonstrated that RAB and EC preserve osteoblast function in the presence of GC. The best mass ratio was 1:1.Conclusion: RAB and EC herbal pair could ameliorate GC-induced effects in zebrafish, with 1:1 as the optimal dosage ratio.
基金financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project for New Drug Creation Program by the Ministry of Science and Technology No.2009ZX09502-014
文摘Kidney-tonifying recipe can reduce the accumulation of advanced glycation end products, prevent neuronal degeneration and improve cognitive functions in ovariectomized rats. Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae alcohol extracts may dose-dependently inhibit non-enzymatic saccharification in vitro. This study aimed to examine the effect of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae on advanced glycation end products and on learning and memory capabilities in ovariectomized rats. Ovariectomized rats were treated with Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae alcohol extracts （containing 1.5 g/kg crude drug） or 0.1% aminoguanidine for 12 weeks and behavioral testing was performed with the Y-electrical maze. This test revealed that Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae and aminoguanidine could improve the learning and memory capabilities of ovariectomized rats. Results of competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that treatment with Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae or aminoguanidine reduced the accumulation of advanced glycation end products in the frontal cortex of ovariectomized rats, while increasing content in the blood and urine. Biochemical tests showed that treatment with Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae or aminoguanidine decreased superoxide dismutase activity in the serum and frontal cortex, and increased serum levels of glutathione peroxidase in ovariectomized rats. In addition there was no apparent effect on malondialdehyde levels. These experimental findings indicate that Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae inhibits production of advanced glycation end products and its accumulation in brain tissue, and improves learning and memory capabilities in ovariectomized rats. These effects may be associated with an anti-oxidative action of the extract.
基金The 2020 Scientific Research Project of Hebei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(NO:2020365)The 2019 Hebei University College Student Innovation Training Project(S201910075030).
文摘Background:This study gets a classic prescription of Song Dynasty medicine for the treatment of waist and leg pain through analyzing the inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine auxiliary platform.Further,the potential mechanism of the classic prescription was analyzed based on molecular docking and network pharmacology.Methods:Based on the frequency statistics,association rules and cluster analysis,the core herbal combination and the classic prescription was digged out.Use of network pharmacology methods and molecular docking to explore the pharmacological mechanism of classic prescriptions for treatment of lumbar disc herniation.Then gene ontology biological function annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment of pathways were performed.Finally,the compounds of herbs were docked with the important targets of MMP1 and CRP.Results:The high-frequency Chinese medicines for treating waist and leg pain were found and we further unearthed the“Rougui-Fuzi-Niuxi(Cinnamoni cortex-Aconm lateralis radix praeparaia-Achyranthis bidentatae radix”as the core herbal combination,and matched the classic ancient prescription of Chinese medicine Jiawei Shenzhuo decoction(CAPCMJWSZD).The targets of CAPCMJWSZD were mapped to the targets of lumbar disc herniation and 48 potential targets were obtained.The core potential targets were obtained in the protein-protein interaction network,such as CRP,IL2,FOS,MMP1,CASP3.Through the DAVID database,a total of 129 gene ontology function annotation terms(P<0.01)and 91 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways(P<0.01)were obtained.Molecular docking results showed that quercetin has the lowest binding energy for docking with MMP1and CRP,and these two methods of molecular docking are most likely to occur.Conclusion:The most important bioactive components in CAPCMJWSZD can eliminate inflammation and slow disc degeneration through some potential targets,such as CRP,IL-2,MMP1,and these targets can rich in the following pathways,such as metalloendopeptidase activity,MAP kinase activity,osteoclast differentiation,et al.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 81803690)the Innovative Talents Funding of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine (grant number 2012RCQ20)+5 种基金the Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Innovation Foundation (grant number LBH-Z10020)the Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Doctoral Innovation Foundation (grant number 2013bs04)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (grant number H201324)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (grant number 20132327120003)the Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Scientific Research Developmental Fund (grant number LBH-Q16210)the University Nursing Program for Young Scholars with Creative Talents in Heilongjiang Province (grant number UNPYSCT-2017219)
文摘Radix achyranthis bidentatae(RAB), a member of the Amaranthaceae family, has been widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for1000 s of years. Increasing interest in RAB-derived medicinal has led to the discovery of additional triterpenoid saponins, phytoecdysones,polysaccharides, and many other compounds, as well as investigations into their pharmacology. A large number of pharmacological studies have shown RAB and its active components possess a range of pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-fertility, anti-senile, and anti?inflammatory effects. This review is an up?to?date summary and synthesis of the uses of RAB from phytochemical and pharmacological perspectives.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China(20070410616)Excellent Youth Foundation of He'nan Scientific Committee(074100510018)~~
文摘[Objective] The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)was constructed to determine the contents of lead,cadmium,mercury and arsenic in Archyranthes bidentata Blume.[Method]Under the optimum operation condition of ICP-MS,the samples were digested by microwave.The element 114In was taken as an internal standard element to compensate body effect and ICP-MS method was used to determine the contents of lead,cadmium,mercury and arsenic.[Result]For the determined elements,the correlation coefficient(r)of standard curve was over 0.9995 and recovery rate was from 96.7% to 106.4% while RSD was less than 11.2%.The result of determination showed that the heavy metal content in Archyranthes bidentata Blume.beyond standard was serious.[Conclusion]The constructed ICP-MS method with simple operation,rapid response,accuracy and high sensitivity in this experiment could be used for quality control of Chinese medicinal materials by detecting heavy metal contents in different Chinese medicinal materials from original places.
文摘Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABPS), water_soluble polysaccharides, isolated from the roots of Achyranthes bidentata Bl. of Amaranthaceae family, was divided into four parts, named as Con.1, Con.2, Con.3 and Con.4, respectively, by chromatography on DEAE_Sepharose fast_flow column and Sephadex G_100 column in order. Con.1 was the constituent of high molecular weight and the other three were all of low molecular weight. Micro_Kjeldahl analysis showed that Con.1 contained 3.95% of nitrogen and neither did the other three parts. The antisenile effects of the four parts of ABPS were studied with Drosophila melanogaster. Results showed that Con.1 has no antisenile effect and all the others could significantly increase the average body weight by 3.85%-5.47% and significantly prolonged the average lifespan by 2.61%- 3.16% of D. melanogaster at the concentration of 2 or 5 mg/g (ABPS/medium).
基金This work was supported by a grant from the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (No.G2000057010)a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30070827).
文摘Objective To investigate the inhibiting effects and mechanism of achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (ABP) and lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on nonenzyme glycation in D-galactose induced mouse aging model. Methods Serum AGE levels were determined by AGE-ELISA, MTT method was used to determine lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2 activity was determined by a bioassay method. Spontaneous motor activity was used to detect mouse's neuromuscular movement, latency of step-through method was used to examine learning and memory abilities of mouse, colormetric assay was used to determine hydroxyproline concentration in mouse skin, pyrogallol autoxidation method was used to determine superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of erythrocytes. Results Decreased levels of serum AGE, hydroxyproline concentration in mouse skin and spontaneous motor activity in D-galactose mouse aging model were detected after treated with ABP or LBP, while lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 activity, learning and memory abilities, SOD activity of erythrocytes, were enhanced. Conclusions ABP and LBP could inhibit nonenzyme glycation in D-galactose induced mouse aging model in vivo and ABP has a better inhibiting effect than LBP.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81073079(to HMS)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institute of China,No.18KJA180009(to HMS)the Science Foundation of Nantong City of China,No.MS12018043(to HMS)
文摘Glutamate-induced excitotoxicity plays a critical role in the neurological impairment caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion.Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides have been shown to protect against neurological functional damage caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion,but the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms and the relationship to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity remain unclear.Therefore,in the current study,we investigated the protective effects of Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons.Hippocampal neurons were treated with Mg^2+-free extracellular solution containing glutamate(300μM)for 3 hours as a model of glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity(glutamate group).In the normal group,hippocampal neurons were incubated in Mg^2+-free extracellular solution.In the Achyranthes bidentata polypeptide group,hippocampal neurons were incubated in Mg^2+-free extracellular solution containing glutamate(300μM)and Achyranthes bidentata polypeptide at different concentrations.At 24 hours after exposure to the agents,3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and Hoechst 33258 staining were used to assess neuronal viability and nuclear m'orphology,respectively.Caspase-3 expression and activity were evaluated using western blot assay and colorimetric enzymatic assay,respectively.At various time points after glutamate treatment,reactive oxygen species in cells were detected by H2 DCF-DA,and mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by rhodamine 123 staining.To examine the effect of Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides on glutamate receptors,electrophysiological recording was used to measure the glutamate-induced inward current in cultured hippocampal neurons.Achyranthes bidentata polypeptide decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells and reduced the changes in caspase-3 expression and activity induced by glutamate.In addition,Achyranthes bidentata polypeptide attenuated the amplitude of the glutamate-induced current.Furthermore,the glutamate-induced increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species and reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential were attenuated by Achyranthes bidentata polypeptide treatment.These findings collectively suggest that Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides exert a neuroprotective effect in cultured hippocampal neurons by suppressing the overactivation of glutamate receptors and inhibiting the caspase-3-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.All animal studies were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee,Nantong University,China(approval No.20120216-001)on February 16,2012.
文摘Achyranthes bidentata and Achyranthes aspera are saponin and steroid rich medicinal plants, used extensively for therapeutic treatments in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) and Ayurveda. A. bidentata is reported to be one of the rare and extensively exploited medicinal plant species that face the issue of being endangered.Finding qualitative substitute with identical phyto-constituents contributing to similar composition and pharmacological benefits will help in reducing the burden of exploitation of the natural habitats of such plants.In the present study, a comparative metabolite analysis of the whole drug and specific tissues isolated by laser micro-dissection(LMD) was carried out for both the selected species, by use of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-QTOF MS). The results of the study indicate that the cortex and the medullary ray tissues are rich in their content of steroidal and saponin constituents such as(25 S)-inokosterone-20,22-acetonide, ginsenoside Ro, bidentatoside II and achyranthoside B.Metabolite profiling of the whole tissues of both the species indicates presence of identical constituents. Thus,it is inferred that A. bidentata and A. aspera can be used as qualitative substitutes for each other.
基金supported by a grant from National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program),No.2014CB542202a grant from Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)in China
文摘We have previously shown that Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides （ABPP）, isolated from Achyranthes bidentata Blume （a medicinal herb）, exhibit neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects on the nervous system. To identify the major active component of ABPP, and thus optimize the use of ABPP, we used reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography to separate ABPP. We obtained 12 fractions, among which the fraction of ABPPk demonstrated the strongest neuroactivity. Immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis showed that ABPPk promoted neurite growth in cultured dorsal root ganglion explant and dorsal root ganglion neurons, which might be associated with activation of Erk1/2. A combination of behavioral tests, electrophysiological assessment, and histomorphometric analysis indicated that ABPPk enhanced nerve regeneration and function restoration in a mouse model of crushed sciatic nerve. All the results suggest that ABPPk, as the key component of ABPP, can be used for peripheral nerve repair to yield better outcomes than ABPP.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81471037,81770841a grant from the Basic Research of Jiangsu Education Department of China,No.14KJA180006+1 种基金a grant from the Six Talent Summit Project of Jiangsu Province of China,No.SWYY-051a grant from the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China
文摘It has been well documented that Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides（ABPPs） are potent neuroprotective agents in several types of neurons. However, whether ABPPs protect dopaminergic neurons from apoptosis induced by neurotoxins is still unknown. This study was designed to observe the effect of ABPPk, a purified fraction of ABPPs, on apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons. SH-5YHY cells and primary dopaminergic neurons were pre-treated with ABPPk（25, 50, or 100 ng/mL） for 12 hours. Cells were then exposed to 6-hydroxydopamine（50 or 150 μM） or rotenone（50 or 200 μM） for 36 hours to induce cell apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that ABPPk markedly increased viability in SH-SY5Y cells and primary dopaminergic neurons, decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity and number of apoptotic dopaminergic neurons, elevated mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio. These findings suggest that ABPPk protects dopaminergic neurons from apoptosis, and that ABPPk treatment might be an effective intervention for treating dopaminergic neuronal loss associated with disorders such as Parkinson＇s disease.
文摘Objective:To develop the reproducible in vitro propagation protocols for the medicinally important plants viz.,Achyranthes aspera(A.aspera)L.and Achyranthes bidentata(A.bidentata)Blume using nodal segments as explants.Methods:Young shoots of A.aspera and A.bidentata were harvested and washed with running tap water and treated with 0.1%bavistin and rinsed twice with distilled water.Then the explants were surface sterilized with 0.1%(w/v)HgCl_2 solutions for I min.After rinsing with sterile distilled water for 3-4 times,nodal segments were cut into smaller segments(1 cm)and used as the explants.The explants were placed horizontally as well as vertically on solid basal Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium supplemented with 3%sucrose,0.6%(w/v)agar(HiMedia,Mumbai)and different concentration and combination of 6-benzyl amino purine(BAP),kinetin(Kin),naphthalene acetic acid(NAA)and indole acetic acid(IAA)for direct regeneration.Results:Adventitious proliferation was obtained from A.aspera and A.bidentata nodal segments inoculated on MS basal medium with 3%sucrose and augmented with BAP and Kin with varied frequency.MS medium augmented with 3.0 mg/L of BAP showed the highest percentage(93.60±0.71)of shootlets formation for A.aspera and(94.70±0.53)percentages for A.bidentata.Maximum number of shoots/explants(10.60±0.36)for A.aspera and(9.50±0.56)for A.bidentata was observed in MS medium fortified with 5.0 mg/L of BAP.For A.aspera,maximum mean length(5.50±0.34)of shootlets was obtained in MS medium augmented with 3.0 mg/L of Kin and for A.bidentata(5.40±0.61)was observed in the very same concentration.The highest percentage,maximum number of rootlets/shootlet and mean length of rootlets were observed in 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L of 1BA.Seventy percentages of plants were successfully established in polycups.Sixty eight percentages of plants were well established in the green house condition.Sixty five percentages of plants were established in the field.Conclusions:The results have shown that use of nodal buds is an alternative reproducible and dependable method for clonal propagation of A.aspera and A.bidentata.The high rate of direct shoot-root multiplication and their high rate of post-hardening survival indicate that this protocol can he easily adopted for commercial large scale cultivation.
基金Supported by Key Scientific and Technological Research Project in Higher Education Institutions of Henan Province(17A350002)Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(81172953)
文摘[Objectives] To study the chemical components and relative content of Achyranthes bidentata leaves and provide a scientific basis for further development and utilization of A. bidentata leaves.[Methods] The chemical components of A. bidentata leaves were rapidly analyzed using the ultra high performance liquid chromatography-time of flight-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TOF-MS).[Results] Thirty eight chemical compounds were identified in samples of A. bidentata leaves collected from Wen County of Henan Province, in which seven chemical compounds had the relative content higher than 5%, linoleic acid reached 25.7% and inokosterone A reached 13.8%.[Conclusions] A. bidentata leaves contain many kinds of chemical compounds. This study is expected to provide a certain basis for further extraction of linoleic acid and inokosterone A.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFC1711000)the Qi-Huang Chief Scientist Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2020).
文摘Achyranthes bidentata Blume is widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine with the effects of nourishing the liver and kidneys and strengthening muscles and bones.In this work,a rapid and simple strategy was developed for characterizing phytoecdysteroids by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with liner ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization in the negative mode.As a result,47 phytoecdysteroids were unambiguously or tentatively characterized.Among them,seven known compounds were identified according to the reference standards along with molecular formula,retention time and fragmentation patterns,while others were mostly potential new compounds.Through targeted isolation,the structures of three new compounds were determined by NMR spectra,which were consistent with LC-MS characterization.The present study provides an efficient method to deeply characterize phytoecdysteroids.
基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PADA)
文摘Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides（ABPP） have been reported to inhibit apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells（RGCs）.The present study investigated the protective effects of ABPP on RGCs in a rat model of optic nerve injury.With prolonged injury time,RGC densities were gradually decreased.ABPP（5 μg） significantly increased RGC densities and upregulated growth associated protein 43 expression in rats with optic nerve injury.Results demonstrate that ABPP can protect RGCs and promote axonal growth after optic nerve crush.
基金Supported by Project of the Education Department of Henan Province(19B360002)Key Discipline Construction Project of Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy for Pharmacognosy of Veterinary Herbal Medicine(41000003).
文摘[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentata Blume.[Methods]A.bidentata Blume plants were cultivated in self-made polyvinyl chloride(PVC)pots.The soil was added with different levels of Pb(0,200,400,600,800 and 1000 mg/kg air-dried soil)to investigate the effects of Pb on dry mass,active ingredients(oleanolic acid and ecdysterone)and rhizosphere soil enzyme activity of A.bidentata Blume.[Results]The root dry mass of A.bidentata Blume cultivated in the soil with Pb level above 400 mg/kg significantly reduced.The Pb residues in the A.bidentata Blume.plants growing in the soil with Pb level below 400 mg/kg complied with national standard.The contents of oleanolic acid and ecdysterone in A.bidentata Blume growing in the soil with Pb level above 600 mg/kg declined significantly.At the Pb level of 1000 mg/kg,the activity of urease was inhibited significantly.The activity of phosphatase was inhibited in the presence of Pb in the soil.The activity of sucrase was activated in the soil with Pb level below 400 mg/kg,and was inhibited in the soil with Pb level above 400 mg/kg.[Conclusions]This study has important guiding significance for the reasonable selection of planting base for A.bidentata Blume and the guarantee of its yield and quality.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30470105)the Special Fund of the Education Department of Shaanxi Province of China (2006, JK177)the Natural Science Foundation of the Education Department of Henan Province of China (2007180031)
文摘The relationship between structural features of various vegetative organs and triterpenoid saponin accumulation in Achyranthus bidentata Blume was investigated using anatomy, histochemistry and phytochemistry. The results showed that the primary and secondary structures of roots, and the structures of stems and leaves of A. bidentata, were similar to those of ordinary dicotyledonous plants. The enlargement of its roots, however, was primarily associated with growth and differentiation of tertiary structures. There were collateral medullary vascular bundles in addition to the normal vascular bundles in the stem. The tertiary structure was not only main parts in the roots of A. bidentata, but also important storage region of triterpenoid saponin in its growth and development. The stem may be the essential transport organ of triterpenoid saponin, while palisade parenchyma may be the primary synthesis location. In November, the total quantity of triterpenoid saponin and overall biomass in the roots reach a maximum level. This was the best time, therefore, to harvest the roots and corresponded to the traditional harvest period. Despite the withered appearance of leaves, stems also contained substantial amounts of triterpenoid saponin, and it was recommended that the stems of A. bidentata should be used.
文摘The synthesis of phosphorylated Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (P-AbPS) was reported based on different strategies. The P-AbPS with high degree of substitution (D.S. > 0.5) was obtained when phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) was used as a phosphorylating agent and trimethyl phosphate-pyridine or dimethyl formamide was used as solvent. The influences of different solvents and reaction conditions were discussed. The pharmacology assay shows that P-AbPS possesses antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 and Lewis lung cancer in mice.
